g]kfndf ;+efljt ef/tLo x:tIf]k M dfcf]jfbL tof/L, o;sf] c;/ / kl/0ffd                                ;lrg /f]sf

          em08} ( jif{sf] 5f]6f] cjlwd} g]kfnL hgo'4 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/L ;Qfwf/Lx?sf] lgoGq0f aflx/ uO;s]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . of] s;}sf] cfu|xk"0f{ cfTdk/s d"Nof+sg geP/ j:t';+ut ljZn]if0f xf] . g]kfnsf nflu k"j{ ef/tLo /fhb"t tyf jt{dfg ljb]z ;lrj Zofd;/0fsf] egfOdf æg]kfnsf ljb|f]xL cj g]kfn / ef/tsf] ;femf ;'/Iffsf] d'2f aGg k'u]sf 5g\ .Æ -lxdfn, !–!% c;f]h, @)^!_ o;} u/L g]kfn l:yt cd]l/sL /fhb't h]D; df]l/cf6L{n] klg æg]kfnsf] åGådf ef/tnfO{ e"ldsf lbg' kg]{Æ v'Nnf cfleJolQm lbPsf 5g\ . o;/L tL b'O{ pRrkb:y ;/sf/L JolQmx?åf/f JoQm wf/0ffn] klg dflysf] s'/f k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf];fy} tL egfOx?n] g]kfndf ef/tLo kmf}hL xdnfsf] :ki6 ;+s]t u/]sf 5g\ .

          o;} kl/b[Zodf ut >fj0fdf ;DkGg g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] s]Gb|Lo a}7sn] æ;lGgs6 ef/tLo kmf}hL x:tIf]ksf lj?4 k|lt/f]w o'4sf] tof/L ug]{Æ :ki6 lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . s'g} gf6sLo ckjfb:j?k j}b]lzs ;}Go x:tIF]k gePdf k|Tofqmd0fåf/f u[xo'4sf] cGt ug]{ / ef/tLo x:tIF]k ePdf To;sf lj?4 86]/ n8\g] o'ufGtsf/L lg0f{o dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] 5 . oxf“ clxn] o;} lg0f{osf] ljifodf s]xL rrf{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .

ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbk|lt dfcf]jfbL b[li6sf]0f M

          tkfO{n] klg ;'Gg' ePsf] 5 xf]nf ls sf]xL eG5g\ ef/t k|lt dfcf]jfbL c:ki6 5 . sf]xL eG5g\ ef/t;+u dfcf]jfbL ;DaGw z+sf:kb 5 . sf]xL sf]xL t emg\ o:tf] eG5g\ dfcf]jfbL ef/tåf/f ;+rflnt 5g\ . pk/f]Qm gof“ lg0f{o kl5 cfhef]ln km]/L o:tf] eG5g\ dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx? ef/tn] 5f]k]sf] x'gfn] cfj]udf cfP/ ef/t ;DaGwL gLltdf u'0ffTds kl/jt{g u¥of] .

          kf7sj[Gb † dflysf ;a} cf/f]k / ljZn]if0fx? ck"0f{ cWoog / cNkufdL ;f]+rsf pkh dfq x'g\ . ltgdf s'g} tflTjs bd / ;Totf 5}g . jf:tljstf s] xf] eg] @)$* sf] Pstf dxflwj]zgb]lv @)^! >fj0fsf] a}7s;Dd cfp“bf ef/t ;DaGwL dfcf]jfbL b[li6sf]0fdf s'g} /0fgLlts kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g . Pstf dxflwj]zgsf] b:tfj]hdf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbåf/f kflnt kf]lift 3/]n' ;fdGtjfbnfO{ k|d'v b'Zdg ls6fg ub}{ cGttM ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4 n8\g' kg]{ atfOPsf] 5 . To;kl5 @)%! sf] t];|f] lj:tfl/t a}7sn] klg cGTodf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb;+usf] n8fO{nfO{ dxŒjsf;fy lnOPsf] 5 . o;}u/L @)%& sf] bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] :ki6 zAbdf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb;+u gn8L g]kfn nufot blIF0f PlzofnL qmflGt ;DkGg x'g} g;Sg] 7f]s'jf u/]sf] 5 . olt dfq geO{ ;f] ;Dd]ngn] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL ;}Go vt/fsf lj?4 n8\g blIf0f PlzofnL ;f]ljot km]8/]zgsf] ljlwut cjwf/0ff ;d]t ljsf; u¥of] . / @)^! >fj0fsf] Kn]gdn] t emg\ ef/tLo ;}Go xdnf ;lGgs6 /x]sf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ To;sf lj?4 k|lt/f]wsf] tof/Ldf b]zJofkL hgkl/rfng ug]{ 7f]; lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 s] s'/f k'li6 x'G5 eg] ef/t ;DaGwL dfcf]jfbL b[li6sf]0fdf g t s'g} c:ki6tf af“sL 5 g t s'g} /0fg}lts / u'0ffTds kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 .

          hxf“;Dd hgo'4sf] yfngL otf /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] r/0f;Dd ef/tsf lj?4 dfcf]jfbL nlrnf] / cgfqmfds /x]sf] k|;+u 5, Tof] ;To xf] . ljutdf eLif0f /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o r'gf}tLsf eL8af6 hgo'4sf] uf8L cufl8 l5/fpg] hl6ntd cleef/f k"/f ug{ kf6L{n] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4 tTsfnLg ?kn] cgfqmfds aGg] sfo{gLlt ckgfPsf] xf] . To;}u/L hgo'4 ;Gt'ngsf] r/0fdf k|j]z ug]{lalQs} tLa| / ;lGgs6 ag]sf] cd]l/sL ;}Go x:tIf]ksf lj?4 n8\g] r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{ klg ef/tsf lj?4 cfqmfds sfo{gLlt gckgfOPsf] xf] . oL kl/l:yltx?sf cltl/Qm d"n s'/f t ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb ;fd'Gg]sf] vt/f eP/ gcfO/x]sf] sf/0f g} pQm nlrnf] sfo{gLlt ckgfOPsf] xf] . t/ /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] 9f]sf vf]Ng] a]gL sfjf{xL kl5 cGt/fli6«o x:tIf]ksf] ;dLs/0f ablng k'Uof] . a]gLkl5 cd]l/sf kl5 x6]sf] / ;dLs/0f ablnP/ ef/t k|To]IF cufl8 a9]sf] l:ylt 5 . tTsfn cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb l;w} xf]Og ef/t ag]/ cfp“b}5 / To;sf/0f olta]nf dfq ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL x:tIf]ksf lj?4 n8\g] sfo{g}lts of]hgf to ug'{ g]kfnL qmflGtsf] w/ftnLo cfjZostf alg;s]sf] lyof] / eof] klg ToxL .

          pQm lg0f{osf] ;Gbe{df a'¤g} kg]{ s'/f s] xf] eg] /0fg}lts b[li6sf]0f ;fk]lIFs ?kn] :yfoL x'G5 t/ sfo{g}lts of]hgf lg/k]If ?kn] c:yfoL x'G5 . To;/L g} b[li6sf]0f cg';f/sf] of]hgf lgdf{0f x'G5, of]hgf cg';f/sf] b[li6sf]0f xf]Og . oxL ;}4flGts dfGotfsf] s;Laf6 x]g]{ xf] eg] of] aLrsf] dfcf]jfbL ef/t ;DaGwsf] ;jfn laNs'n} sfo{g}lts k|Zg xf] hf] @$;f}“ 306f klg kl/jt{g x'g ;S5 . t;y{ ef/tLo x:tIF]ksf lj?4 n8\g] jt{dfg lg0f{o s'g} b[li6sf]0fut x]/km]/ jf cfj]udf cfP/ ul/Psf] xf]Og . a? ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4 gn8L blIf0f PlzofnL qmflGt ;DkGg gx'g] k|r08kyLo b[li6sf]0f cg'?k ;f] lg0f{o cfPsf] xf] . /, of] g} ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] ljsf;, ljho / /Iffsf] nflu ;xL b[li6sf]0f xf] .

ef/tLo ;}Go x:tIF]ksf] ax'kIfLo c;/ M

          ank|of]u / ax'/+uL if8\oGqsf] dfWodaf6 l5d]sL b]zx?df cfly{s, /fhg}lts tyf ;f+:s[lts pklgj]z sfod ub}{ ltgLx?nfO{ lgNg] / cfºgf] l;dfgf km}nfpg] l;4fGtnfO{ lj:tf/jfb elgG5 . ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL l;4fGtsf k|ltkfbs k"j{ k|wfgdGqL hjfx/nfn g]x? x'g\ . æpQ/L lxdfno >[ª\vnf;Dd ef/tsf] l;dfgf k5{ . g]kfn s'g} cnu /fi6« xf]Og .Æ eGg] g]x?sf] dfGotf g} ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] j}rfl/s cfwf/lznf xf] . pgsf] of] l;4fGt g]]x? 8lS6«gsf gfdn] kl/lrt 5 . g]x? 8lS6«gs} j}rfl/s cfnf]sdf ;g\ !(%) sf] c;dfg ;GwL u/fOPsf] xf] . clxn] ;f]xL ;GwLsf] cf8 lnb} ef/tn] g]kfndf ug{ nfu]sf] ;}Go xdnfsf ;+efljt c;/x? lgDgfg';f/sf x'g ;S5g\–

!_ g]kfnL qmflGtsf] blIf0f Plzofs/0f M

          g]kfndf ef/tLo ;}lgs x:tIf]k kl5sf] ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ / /0fg}lts c;/sf] ?kdf b]vf kg]{ 5 hgqmflGtsf] blIf0f PlzofnL Hjf/ef6f . of] ;DefjgfnfO{ ;fd|fHojfbL / :jo+ lj:tf/jfbL ;}Go ljz]if1x?n] ;d]t /fd|};+u a'em]sf 5g\ . t/ …d/tf tf] Sof gxL s/tfÚ sf] clGtd ljsNknfO{ clxNo}b]lv k|of]u ug{ ljjz 5g\ lj:tf/jfbLx? . an k|of]u clGtd ljsNk ePtf klg w/tLsf ax';+Vos zf]lift pTkLl8t hgtfsf lj?4 nl8g] s'g} klg o'4sf] eljZo 5}g . t/ ax';+Vos ;j{xf/f ju{n] cNk;+Vos zf]ifs ju{sf lj?4 ul/Psf] an k|of]u ;kmn x'“b} hfg] s'/f kSsf xf] . w]/} 6f9f guOsg g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ Psrf]l6 ulxl/P/ x]g]{ xf] eg] o;sf] blIf0f PlzofnLs/0fsf] pHofnf] eljZo b]Vg ;lsG5 . h:tf] ls @)$^ ;fnsf] ax'bnLo Joj:yf :yfkgf kZrft /fli6«otf hgtGq / hghLjLsfsf] lglDt ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{n] rnfPsf x/]s zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngx?df tTsflng sf“u|]; ;/sf/n] aa{/tfk"0f{ k|zf;lgs / cbfntLo x:tIF]k u¥of] . To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k /f]Nkf ?s'ddf u|fdL0f ju{ ;+3if{sf] cjwf/0ff hlGdof] . pQm ;+3if{sf] of]hgf cg';f/ cl3 a9]sf :yfgLo hfnL km6fxf lj/f]wL ultljlw pk/ ;/sf/n] /f]ldof] ck|]zgsf] gfddf 7"nf] k|x/L x:tIf]k u¥of] . ;f] x:tIF]kn] hgo'4nfO{ zfgbf/ hGd lbof] . To;kl5 s]xL ;Lldt lhNnfx?df x'ls{/x]sf] slnnf] hgo'4sf lj?4 @)%$ df lsnf]z]/f 6' gfds eofgs kmf}hL x:tIf]k eof] . of] x:tIF]kn] hgo'4nfO{ % j6faf6 @% j6f lhNnfdf lj:tf/ u/fof] . o;} u/L @)%* d+;L/df hgo'4sf lj?4 3f]lift ?kdf ;]gf kl/rfng ul/of] . To;kl5 t emg\ tLg rf}yfO{ g]kfn dfcf]jfbLsf] lgoGq0fdf uof] / hgo'4 /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u¥of] . o;}a]nf / @)^) sf] z'?b]lv cd]l/sL ;}Go x:tIF]ksf] w'dwfd tof/L x'g yfNof] . cfly{s, xltof/, k|ljlw, tflnd nufotsf ef/L ;xof]u zfxL ;]gfn] kfof] . o;nfO{ cd]l/sL ldlg x:tIF]k klg eGg ;lsG5 . oxf“ klg of] ldlg x:tIf]ksf] kl/0ffd:j?k tLg rf}yfO{ g]kfndf gof“ :jfoQ k|fb]lzs hg;/sf/x?sf] hGd eof] . olt dfq xf]Og, P]ltxfl;s a]gL sfjf{xLsf] zfgbf/ ;kmntf ;lxt hgo'4 afhf 3Gsfp“b}  ;Gt'ngsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u¥of] . hgo'4sf] of] :jfl0f{d Oltxf;nfO{ vl08s[t ug]{ lxDdt 5 s'g} ;fd|fHojfbLx? ;+u < cx“ 5}g . t;y{ 7f]s]/} eGg ;lsG5 ef/tLo x:tIF]k kl5 g]kfnL qmflGtsf] blIf0f Plzofs/0f eP/} 5f8\g]5 .

          ef/tLo ;}lgs xdnfkl5 To;sf] eLif0f kmf}hL / /fhg}lts k|ltsf/ g]kfndf x'g]5 eg] bf];|f] 7"nf] /fhg}lts k|lt/f]w :jo+ ef/t d} x'g]5 . Toxf“ /fhg}lts dfq xf]Og kmf}hL k|lt/f]wsf ljleGg 36gfx? klg tLa| aGg]5g\ . lkk'N; jf/ u'|k, Pd=;L=;L= nufotsf qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ tyf pNkmf, af]8f], s] Pn P h:tf /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf/L ;+u7gx?, ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfb lj/f]wL a'l4hLjL / hg;d'bfo pQm k|lt/f]wdf pqg] s'/f lglZrt 5 . o;}u/L e"6fg, aª\ufb]z, >Ln+sf nufotsf b]zx?df klg hgqmflGtsf] cf“lwa]x/L hj/h:t ?kdf p7\g] 5 . o;/L l;+u} blIf0f PlzofJofkL ?kdf lj:kmf]6 x'g] qmflGtsf/L Hjfnfd'vLsf] g]t[Tj / ;+of]hg g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] sDkf];fn] ug]{5 . blIF0f Plzofdf hgjfbL / /fi6«jfbL qmflGtsf] t'kmfg ;[hgf x'g]5 . h;n] ljZj qmflGtsf] gof“ 9f]sf vf]Ng] 5 .

@_ u[xo'4sf] /fli6«o o'4df ?kfGt/0f M

          ef/tLo ;}lgs x:tIF]k l;w} g]kfn /fi6«sf lj?4 eg]/ 3f]if0ff geP klg To;sf] cGt/j:t' g]kfnsf] l;SsLdLs/0f eGbf csf]{ x'g] 5}g . To;}n] /fli6«o cl:tTjsf] /Iffsf] nflu klg g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_n] zfxL ;]gf ;+usf] o'4 /f]s]/ /fli6«o o'4sf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ hfg' kg]{ cj:yfsf] ;[hgf x'g]5 . To;kl5 ;f/f b]zeQm g]kfnLx? s'g} g s'g} df]rf{af6 ef/tLo ;]gfsf lj?4 n8\g] l:yltsf] ;[hgf x'g]5 . eLd;]g yfkfsf] /fi6«eQm /ut cfh klg a'x;+Vos g]kfnLx?sf] gzfgzfdf bf}l8/x]sf] 5 . ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL gª\u|fx?n] g]kfn cfdfsf] 5ftL lryf]l//x]sf] sf?l0fs b[Zo 6'n'6'n' x/]/ a:g] Ifdtf eLd;]g yfkfsf axfb'/ ;Gtfgx?;+u lkml6Ss} 5}g . csf]{ s'/f ;xL ljrf/ / ;xL ljlwsf] k|of]uåf/f nl8g] s'g} klg /fli6«o o'4nfO{ h:tf];'s} pGgt k|ljlw / xltof/n] klg k/flht ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f ljZj Oltxf;n] k'li6 ul/;s]sf] 5 .

#_ zfxL ;]gfdf ;+ul7t ljb|f]xsf] yfngL M

          b]vf}jf ?kdf ef/tn] dfcf]jfbLsf lj?4 ;+:yfkg kIfnfO{ ;3fpg] eg]tf klg leqL ;f/ To;f] geO{ l;+u} g]kfnnfO{ lgNg] g} x'G5 . ef/tn] dfcf]jfbL l;WofOb]nf / cfkm"n] ;]tf dxnsf ;f]kmf ;]6df d:tL ug{ kfOPnf eGg] /+lug ;kgf ;QFsf dflns / ;]gfsf ckm;/x?n] b]v]sf 5g\ eg] Tof] ztk|ltzt e|d dfq xf] . e|d / jf:tljstfdf wtL{ cf;dfgsf] cGt/ x'G5 . t;y{ of] ljifonfO{ zfxL ;]gf leqsf b]zeQm k+lQmn] a]n}df a'¤g;Sg' kb{5 . ljZj:t ;|f]tsf cg';f/ xfn} s]xL ;}Go hg]{nx?n] dfcf]jfbLsf] of] gof“ lg0f{o k|lt ;sf/fTds k|ltlqmof hgfPsf]  va/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf] lxtdf :jfutof]Uo 7fGg' kb{5 .

          Pp6f s] s'/f kSsf xf] eg] ef/tLo ;}lgs xdnfkl5 zfxL ;]gfleq d'VotM @ j6f lsQfaGbL x'g]5 . Pp6f /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL lsQf / csf]{ b]zeQm lsQf . ;fd|fHojfbsf] sfnf] wgdf las]sf nf]lekfkL u2f/x? g"gsf] ;f]emf] ug{nfO{ klg j}b]lzs xdnfsf] kIfkftL x'g] 5g\ of aLrdf  a;]/ To;nfO{ ;3fpg] 5g\ . t/ To;/L gljs]sf OdfGbf/, /fi6«eQm JolQmx? ;f] x:tIf]ksf] lj?4df v8f x'g]5g\ / Toxf“af6 ;+ul7t ljb|f]x u/L qmflGtsf/L /fi6«jfbL k+lQmdf ;fd]n x'g]5g\ of s'g} g s'g} 9+un] hgqmflGtnfO{ ;3fpg] 5g\ . zfxL ;]gf leqsf] pQm lj36g g t s;}sf] OR5fsf] kl/0ffd x'g]5 g t s;}sf] cfu|xåf/f /f]lsg] 5 . lsgls To:tf] lj36g j:t'ut kl/l;yltsf] pkh x'g]5 hf] dflg;sf] OR5f eGbf :jtGq x'G5 .

$_ /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf] ;d:of M

          /fli6«o o'4sf] j]nf cfTd;dk{0fjfbL u2f/Lsf] ;d:of clgjfo{ ?kn] b]vf kb{5 . cfdfsf] k]6af6 ;'Gb/ aRrf;+u} b'uf{lGwt ;fngfn lg:sG5, To;/L g} /fli6«o o'4n] b]zeQm jL/ lj/fª\ugfx?;+u} cfTd;dk{0fjfbL wf]s]jfhx?nfO{ klg hGd lbG5 . of] k|j[lQn] j}b]lzs x:tIF]ksf lj?4 n8\g g;lsg] b'Zk|rf/ ug]{ dfq xf]Og To;nfO{ ;xL 7x¥ofpg] ;Ddsf] ck/fw ug{ ;S5 . ;fdGtL k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{sf ;QFwf/L / ;+zf]wgjfbL lsQfsf u2f/x? To;sf kfq x'g]5g\ . TolQ dfq xf]Og qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ / n8fs' ;+u7g leq klg o:tf] k|j[lQ / kfq hGdg' :jefljs x'g]5 . ctM cfTd;dk{0fjfb hxf“ h:tf];'s} :j:Yo / /ª/f]ugdf em"lNsP klg Tof] /fi6«3ftL Pj+ hgb|f]xL k|j[lQ xf] . o;sf lj?4df lg/Gt/ j}rfl/s ;+3if{ rnfpg' kb{5 . t/ clxn]sf] @!cf}“ ztfAbLsf] o'4df of] dfq kof{Kt x'g] b]lvPsf] 5}g . vf; vf; df]8df cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf lj?4 ef}lts ;+3if{sf] ;d]t cfjZostf kb{5 . hd{g ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 n8\bf :6flngu|fbdf af]N;]ljs ;]gfsf] Ps 6's8Ln] crfgs n8\g a]l7s /x]sf] lgZsif{ lgsfn]/ cl3 a9\g dfg]g . To;kl5 af“sL 6Ldn] pQm cfTd;dk{0fjfbL 6's8LnfO{ ToxL e'6]/ cl3 a9]sf] 36gf ljz]if pNn]vgLo / lzIffk|b 5 . ctM oxf“ klg /fli6«o o'4sf] a]nf ljb]zL ;]gfnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug hfg] x/]s lqmofsnfk / cleJolQmx? cfTd;dk{0fjfbL b]zb|f]xL x'g]5g\ eg] g]kfnL n8fs'x?nfO{ x/t/xn] ;xof]u k'Ug hfg] lqmofsnfk / cleJolQmx? qmflGtsf/L / b]zeQm 7xl/g]5g\ . oxL s'/fnfO{ s;f}6L dfGb} /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf lj?4 plrt ;+3if{ rnfpg' kb{5 .

%_ ef/tLo bnfn k"“hLsf] alxu{dg M

          ef/tLo xdnfsf lj?4 n8\g] lg0f{o;+u} dfcf]jfbLn] g]kfn l:yt ef/tLo nufgLsf cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fg pk/ ;]jf]6]h sfjf{xL z'? ul/;s]sf] 5 . sfjf{xLsf] of] k|lqmofn] ;}lgs x:tIF]kkl5 cem tLa| ult ks8\g]5, ef/tLo bnfn k"“hLkltx? lj:yflkt x'g] qmd a9\g]5 . t/ cfqmd0fsf] cy{ of]hgf ljxLg / cGwfw'Gw k|xf/ eg] c;+ej x'g]5 . pQm cfqmd0fnfO{ /fli6«o k"“hLkltx?n] ;d]t ;xof]u ug]{5g\ . pgLx?sf] ;xof]u hgjfbL qmflGt k|ltsf] ;b\efj / ;dy{gsf] sf/0fn] xf]Og ls cfºg} ju{ :jfy{ / lxt /Iffsf] nflu k|fKt x'g]5 . lsgls ef/tLo df8]x?sf] j]/f]s6f]s k|j]zn] g]kfnL k"“hLkltx? ;'Sb} uPsf 5g\ . To;sf/0f pgLx?nfO{ nv]6\g] cfGbf]ngdf pgLx? :jtM ;xefuL x'g]5g\ . h;n] qmflGtnfO{ kmfOb} k'¥ofpg] 5 .

          cfh g]kfnL cy{tGqsf] clws lx:;f ef/tLo bnfn k"“hLn] sAhf ul/;s]sf] 5 . kmn:j?k g]kfn tLa| ultdf s+ufn aGb}5 . /fli6«o cy{tGq dflysf] ef/tLo cf}klgj]zLs/0fn] d'n's qmdzM k/lge{/ bf;sf] ?kdf cl3 a9\b}5 . /fli6«o k"“hLnfO{ ;'s]gf; kfb}{5 . of] s'/f jt{dfg ;QFwf/Lx?nfO{ klg /fd|};+u yfxf 5 . t/ cfºgf] hglj/f]wL ju{ rl/qsf sf/0f cy{tGqsf] of] IFoLs/0f /f]Sg ;Sb}g . s]jn hgjfbL rl/qsf] /fli6«o d'lQm qmflGtn] o;nfO{ /f]Sg ;S5 . /, /fli6«o cf}Bf]lus k"“hLsf] ljsf; u/fO{ cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] ljsf; x'g]5 .

^_ c;dfg ;GwL ;Demf}tfsf] cj1f M

          ;g\ !*!^ sf] ;'uf}nL / !(%) sf] c;dfg ;GwL tyf sof}“ uf]Ko ;Demf}tfx?sf] cf8df ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn] lg/Gt/ g]kfnL ;Ldf cltqmd0f ug]{, ;Ldf Onfsfdf lgjf{w ;z:q ultljlw ;+rfng ug]{, xltof/ ;lxt k|j]z u/L g]kfnLx?nfO{ s'6lk6 ug]{, cj}w vfgtnf; / s'6lk6 ug]{, PstkmL{ ?kdf af“w lgdf{0f u/]/ g]kfnnfO{ ;tfpg], h:tf cfklQhgs ultljlwx? ul//x]sf] 5 . oL ;anfO{ pl5g]/ ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv g]kfnsf] sfnfkfgLdf Jof/]s g} v8f u/]/ a;]sf] 5 . olt dfq xf]Og ca t ;g !(%) sf] ;GwL cg';f/ eGb} k|To]IF ;}lgs xdnfsf] tof/L ul//x]sf] 5 . ca eg] dfcf]jfbL hg;]gf / gof“ ;/sf/n] o:tf ultljlwx?df qmdzM /f]s nufp“b} hfg]5 . / tL c;dfg ;GwL ;Demf}tfx? vf/]hLsf] Jojxfl/s k|lqmof z'? x'g]5 .

&_ ef/t l:yt g]kfnLx?dfly cfqmd0fsf] ;Defjgf M

          g]kfndf cfºgf] :jfy{ vt/fdf kg]{ ljlQs} ef/t Toxf“ l:yt g]kfnLx?dfly cfqmfds aGg' c:jefljs x'g]5}g . oBkL ef/tLo ;]gf nufot Jo"/f]qm];Ldf ;d]t pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf g]kfnLx? sfo{/t 5g\ . g]kfnLx?dfly 3f]lift ?kd} ;/sf/L kIFaf6 cfqmd0f gePtf klg ;/sf/L lelhnfGt]x? dfkm{t ljleGg ?k / :t/sf cfqmd0fx? eg] cjZo x'g]5g\ . To;f] ePdf g]kfnLx?sf] 7"nf] lx:;f :jb]z kms{g]5 / /fli6«o o'4df ;fd]n x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 .

          o;sf] cnjf g]kfn k|j]z ug]{ sltko pkef]Uo ;fdfgx?df ef/tn] gfsfjGbL ug{ ;S5 . t/ cfoft lgof{tsf cGt//fli6«o ;Gt'ng / cy{tGqLo :jfy{ ;Gt'ngsf sf/0f To:tf] gfsfaGbL :yfoL / ;j{JofkL x'g ;Sb}g . obL gfsfaGbL :yfoL ul/xfNof] eg] klg g]kfnL hgtfn] To;sf] s'g} g s'g} ljsNk cjZo e]6fpg]5g\ dfntfn gkfP/ ?g' dg'{sf] l:ylt sbflk ;[hgf x'g]5}g .

*_ rLgsf] k|ltlqmof M

          ;g\ !(^@ sf] ef/t rLg o'4tfsf agfOPsf] lrlgof“ k//fi6« gLltsf] g]kfn ;DaGwL a'“bfdf elgPsf] 5 æg]kfndf s'g} klg j}b]lzs pkl:ylt rLgnfO{ ;}x\o x'g]5}g . Tolta]nf lrlgof“ hgtf g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fydf /xg]5g\ .Æ ;DejtM of] k+lQm n]Vbf;Dd rLgn] cfºgf] of] gLltdf kl/jt{g u/]sf] 5}g . pQ/ lxdfno >[ª\vnf;Dd ef/tsf] l;dfgf lj:tf/ ug]{ g]x? l;4fGt rLgsf] nflu ;d]t k|To]IF vt/fsf] ljifo xf] . of] s'/f rLgn] /fd|};+u a'em]sf] 5 . g]kfndflysf] ef/tLo kmf}hL xdnf rLgnfO{ c;}x\o x'g] l:ylt aGof] eg] g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf] nflu lxtsf/L g} x'g]5 . rLgaf6 pQm s'/fsf] yf]/}ltgf cfzf ug{ ;lsg] j:t'ut cfwf/x? ljBdfg 5g\ . h:tf] ls rLgsf] nflu g]kfn clxn] sbfkL ;'/Iff vt/fsf] ljifo x'g ;Sb}g . lsgls rLg;+u ;fdl/s k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ Ifdtf g]kfn;+u tTsfn g/x]sf] s'/f p;nfO{ yfxf 5 . t/ ef/t pQ/L lxdfno;Dd k'Uof] eg] rLgsf] nflu ;'/Iff vt/f pTkGg x'g]5 . lsgls ;fdl/s / cf0fljs b'j} lx;fan] rLg;+u lgx'“ vf]Hg] x}l;otdf ef/t 5 . o:tf] vfn] ;fdfl/s ;Gt'ngsf] sf/0f klg rLgn] g]kfndflysf] ef/tLo x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w ug]{ ;Defjgf /xG5 .

ef/tLo ;}lgs xdnf c;kmn x'g]5 M

          sDo'lgi6 ljrf/sf] cfnf]sdf nl8Psf] s'g} klg o'4nfO{ ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] x/fpg ;Sb}gg\ . of] Oltxf;sf] ;ª\nf] lzIFf xf] . j}1flgs ljrf/nfO{ cfw'lgs k|ljlwn] slxNo} klg lhTg ;Sb}g . lsgls ljrf/ ;hLj / ;[hgzLn x'G5 t/ k|ljlw lghL{j / oflGqs x'G5 . ljrf/n] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; jf ljgfz ug{ ;S5 t/ k|ljlwn] ljrf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sb}g o'4 lj1fgsf] IF]qdf . o; ;DaGwL s]xL P]ltxfl;s tYox? x]/f}+ .

          !_ ?;L qmflGt / ;f]ljot ;QFsf lj?4 hd{g ;fd|fHojfbn] eLif0f ;}lgs x:tIf]k u¥of] . u[xo'4n] hh{/ ePsf] / ev{/} ;Dxfln+b} u/]sf] ;f]ljot ;+3sf lj?4 zlQmzfnL k|ljlwo'Qm hd{g ;}lgsx?sf] lj?4 af]N;]ljsx? ;xL qmflGtsf/L ljrf/åf/f lgb]{lzt n8fO{ n8] . s/f]8f}+sf] alnbfg u/]/} eP klg n]lggsf] g]t[Tjdf hd{g ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ k/f:t ul/of] . lrlgof“ qmflGtdf xdnf u¥of] t/ dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf lrlgof“ hgtfn] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] @ bzs nfdf] ;}lgs xdnf u¥of] t/ Toxf“ klg xf]lr ldGxsf] g]t[Tjdf leotgfdLx?n] hgo'4åf/f cfkm"eGbf ;of}+ u'0ff zlQmzfnL cd]l/sfnfO{ k/flht u/] .

          ;+u;+u} csf]{ tYo s] xf] eg] ;xL qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ lagfsf ljz'4 /fi6«jfbL cfGbf]ng, wfld{s s§/tfjfbL o'4 tyf ljz'4 hftLo ;+3if{x?nfO{ eg] ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] vfOlbg ;S5g\ . lsgls ltgLx? ju{ ;+3if{ h:tf zlQmzfnL x'“b}gg\ . 6f9f ghfcf}+ ckmuflg:tfg, O/fs, >Ln+sf, r]r]lgof nuoftsf d'n'sx? o;sf kl5Nnf tfhf pbfx/0f x'g\ .

          @_ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL lj1fgcg';f/ s'g} klg j:t'sf] ljsf; jf ljgf;sf] d'Vo sf/0f :jo+ j:t' leq} /x]sf] x'G5 . jfx\o sf/0fn] s]jn pTk]|/0ffsf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 . of] sf]0faf6 x]bf{ g]kfnL hgo'4 -;Defljt /fli6«o o'4_ sf] ;kmntf jf ljkmntf eGg] s'/f d'VotM o;sf] cfTdut cj:yfdf e/ kb{5 . ;xL ljrf/ ;xL gLlt / j:t'lgi6 sfo{qmd lb+bf;Dd hgo'4 slxNo} klg c;kmn x'g] b]lvGg . lsgls of] k"/fgf]sf] Wj+z / gof“sf] lgdf{0f x'g] k|j[lQ lj1fgsf] lgod;+u uf“l;Psf] 5 . / of] j:t'n] r]tgf lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;lqmo r]tgfn] j:t'sf] :j?k dfq xf]Og To;sf] cGt/j:t' ;d]t abNg ;Sg] k|r08kyLo df}lns ;+Zn]if0f;+u cleGg ?kn] uf“l;Psf] 5 . ctM @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyLo ljrf/åf/f lgb]{lzt hgo'4;+u s'g} klg k|sf/sf] j}b]lzs x:tIf]knfO{ k/flht ug{ ;Sg] bd /x]sf] 5 eGbf cltzof]lQm gxf]nf . olQ dfq geO{ eLif0f /fli6«o o'4s} aLraf6 qmflGtnfO{ blIF0f PlzofJofkL agfpg] ;fdYo{ klg k|r08ky;+u /x]sf] 5 . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ s} kxndf sDkf];fsf] u7g eO;s]kl5 pNn]vgLo ultdf ef/t, e"6fg, a+unfb]z nufotsf d'n'sx?df ;+ul7t x'g yfn]sf] hgqmflGtsf] gof“ k|lqmofn] ;d]t pQm s'/fnfO{ k'li6 ul//x]sf] 5 . @)cf}+ ztfAbLdf j}b]lzs ;fd|fHojfb / To;åf/f ;+/lIft 3/]n' k|ltlqmofjfbsf lj?4 ?;b]lv leotgfd;Dd nl8Psf sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds cg'ejx?åf/f ;d[4 g]kfnL hgo'4sf ;fd" s'g} klg ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx? l6Sg ;Sg] s'g} cfwf/ 5}g .

          csf]{ s'/f ef/tsf] cfºg} b]zsf lkk'N;jf/ / Pd l; ;L h:tf dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . em08} c9fO bzs cl3b]lv g]kfn hq} e"efu ef/tLo qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] sAhfdf 5 . o;sf] cnfjf pNkmf, af]8f] s]=Pn=P= nufotsf n8fs' ;+u7gx?n] rnfPsf] /fli6«o d'lQm ;+3if{n] klg ef/tLo ;Qfwf/Lx?sf] kl;gf 5'6fPsf] 5 . ptf kfls:tfgL l;dfgf sflZd/df ef/t km;]sf] km:o} 5 . ca tkfO{ cfkm} eGgf];, s] cfºg} 3/sf] ljb|f]x bjfpg g;Sg] ef/tn] g]kfnsf] zlQmzfnL hgo'4 tx nufpg ;S5 < cfkm} t dxfb]j pQfgf] k/ s;nfO{ lbg] j/ sf] cqsd{0otfdf 56k6fO/x]sf] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn] g]kfndf ;}lgs xdnf u/L ljhosf] ;kgf b]Vg' eg]sf] afn'jfsf] k'n agfpg' h:t} xf] .

          #_ o:tf sof}“ k|lts"ntf k|lt cf“vf lrDn]/ ef/tn] g]kfndf ;}lgs xdnfsf] b'M;fx; ug{ ;Sg] ePsf]n] To;sf] k|ltsf/sf lglDt cfd hg;d'bfo dfgl;s / ef}lts b'j} ?kn] tDtof/ /xg} kb{5 . ef/tLo x:tIf]ksf] k|lt/f]wsf lglDt g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] kl5Nnf] a}7sn] 7f]; /fhg}lts / kmf}hL of]hgfsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] /fhg}lts nIfdf elgPsf] 5– æef/tLo ;}Go x:tIF]ksf] vt/f Pj+ /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL k"/fgf] ;Qfsf] lj?4 cfd b]zeQm g]kfnLx?nfO{ Pstfj4 / cfGbf]lnt ug]{ .Æ o;} u/L kmf}hL nIfdf elgPsf] 5 æj}b]lzs ;}Go x:tIF]ksf] k|lt/f]wsf lglDt l;+uf] b]z / cfd hgtfnfO{ /IFf / cfqmd0fsf] cfwf/e"t kmf}hL tof/Lsf] sfddf hgkl/rfng ug]{ .Æ

          g]kfnL qmflGtsf] Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s b'/ufdL dxŒjsf] nIf;lxt dfcf]jfbL a}7sn] ;'?ª o'4sf] cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . of] la;f}+ ztfAbLsf] pQ/fw{df leotgfddf ljsl;t o'4snf xf] . of] !) nfv leotgfdLx?sf] /utn] hGdfPsf] o'4 l;4fGt xf] . leotgfd o'4df cd]l/sfn] jiff{Psf #) nfv 6g adx?sf] k|efjnfO{ Toxf“sf hgtfn] ;'?ª o'4sf] dfWodaf6 gsfdl;4 u/fPsf lyP . /, ;'?ªo'4s} k|of]uåf/f leotgfdL of]4fx?n] %) xhf/ cd]l/sL ;]gfx?sf] ;kmfof ;lxt p;nfO{ k/flht u/]sf lyP .

          b'Zdgsf] xjfO{ xdnfaf6 cfºgf] zlQmnfO{ arfpg] / p;nfO{ v]nfO{ v]nfO{ WJ:t ug]{ Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ ljlw /x]5 ;'?ªo'4 . hdLgleq agfOPsf 7"N7"nf b'nf, 6]«Gr tyf a+s/x?sf] k|of]u u/L nl8g] o'4 g} ;'?ªo'4 xf] . cjsf] o'4df ;'?ª s]jn ;z:q df]rf{ ;Dxfn]sf n8fs'x? dfq xf]Og cfd ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfs} lglDt hLjg /Ifsf] ;fwg aGg]5 . olt;Dd ls /fli6«o o'4sf lj/f]wL tyf b]z3ftL u2f/x?n] ;d]t ;'?ªsf] k|of]u ug]{5g\ . lsgls cfsfzaf6 v;flng] ad of 6f9}af6 k|xf/ ul/Psf ld;fOnx?n] xfgL xfgL dfg{ ;Sb}gg\ . To;}n] ca k|To]s 3/ kl/jf/n] cf–cfºgf] cg's"ntf / cfjZostfdf clgjfo{ ?kn] ;'?ª vGgsf] nflu g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 . of] s'g} kf6L{ / ;d'x ljz]ifsf] :jfy{sf] nflu geO{ cfd hgtfsf] hLjg /Iffsf] ;jfn xf] . ;dsfnLg kl/l:yltsf] cfjZostfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ / ;f]xL cg';f/sf] cfºgf] r]tgf lgdf{0f ug'{ k|To]s gful/ssf] ;fdflhs st{Jo xf] . hf] o; st{Josf] cj1f u5{ Tof] /fi6«sf] ef/ dfq xf] . To;}n] ef/tLo ;}Go xdnfsf lj?4 l;+u} b]z Pstfj4 eP/ @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;'?ª o'4sf] tof/L ug'{ cfhsf] ljsNk /lxt lhDd]jf/L xf] .

cGTodf M

          g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLsf] @)^! >fj0fdf ;DkGg a}7sn] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df Pp6f ljNs'n} gof“ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL ;}Go x:tIf]ksf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ . @)^) r}qsf] a]gL cfqmd0f kl5 cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb s]xL kl5 ;/]sf] / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn] k|To]IF ;}lgs xdnfsf] tof/L ul//x]sf] ;Gbe{df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] pQm lg0f{o cfPsf] 5 . o;n] Ps}rf]l6 /fli6«otf / hgjfbsf] n8fO{df pqg cfd b]zjf;Ldf clkn u/]sf] 5 . of] lg0f{onfO{ d'n'ssf b]zeQm Pj+ k|hftflGqs lsQfsf af}l4s ;d'bfon] xif{ ljef]/tfsf;fy :jfut u/]sf] 5 . ;DejtM of] lg0f{oaf6 cfkm"nfO{ ;Rrf /fi6«jfbLsf] ?kdf lrgfpg vf]Hg] gf/fo0flx6L b/jf/ / zfxL ;]gf ;d]t Ps xb;Dd ;Gt'i6 x'g' kg]{ xf] .

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 d'Vok[i7 .. k'/fgf c+sx? .. ;Dks{ M janadesh@hotmail.com