dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf bfz{lgs dfGotfx? —ls/0f

    ;j{xf/fjfbL bz{g eg]sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ljZj b[li6sf]0f xf] . ;j{xf/fjfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0f cGt/ut tLg tTj kb{5g\– ;fDojfbL ljrf/wf/f, ef}ltsjfbL l;4fGt / åGbjfbL k4lt . ;fDojfbL ljrf/wf/f ;j{xf/fjfbL bz{gsf] s]Gb|Lo tTj xf] . o;n] ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] nIo, cfbz{ / uGtJosf] lgb]{z ub{5 . ef}ltsjfbL l;4fGtn] ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] cfjZostf / cf}lrTonfO{ j:t'ut cfwf/df j}1flgs 9+un] k'li6 ub{5 . åGbjfbL k4ltn] ef}ltsjfbL l;4fGtsf] wtL{df v8f eO{ k|s[lt, ;dfh / lrGtgsf] ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;j{xf/fju{sf] qmflGtsf/L rl/q / To;sf] ljhosf] cjZo+efljtfsf] lbzf lgwf{/0f ub{5 . ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ljrf/wf/f, l;4fGt / k4ltsf] Plss[t gfd xf]– åGbfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb . o; k|sf/sf] bz{g, /fhgLlts cy{zf:q / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] ;du|tf xf]– dfS;{jfb . ;dfhjfbL rLgdf ;DkGg dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] P]ltxfl;s ?kdf ljsl;t Ps pRr ;}4flGts lzv/ xf] . cfh xfdLn] qmflGtnfO{ ;xL 9+un] ljhosf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt;Dd ljsl;t ;j{xf/f ju{sf bfz{lgs dfGotfx?nfO{ ;xL 9+un] cfTd;ft ug{ h?/L 5 . k|:t't n]vdf o;}af/] ;+lIfKtdf k|sfz kfg]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .

k|ltqmflGtsf] vt/f

!(%# DFF :TFFlngsf] lgwgkl5 cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf ;+zf]wgjfbn] ha{h:t 6fpsf] p7fof] . l66f]kl5 v|'Zrf]j cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfbsf] gfOs] aGof] . v|'Zrf]jn] ju{ ;+3if{, lx+;fk"0f{, qmflGt / ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf lj?4 ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] kf6L{, zflGtk"0f{ ;+qmd0f / ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] /fHo h:tf s'/fsf] jsfnt u¥of] . o'uf]:nfleof ;lxt k"jL{ o'/f]ksf s}of+} b]zx? / ;f]leot ?;df k"“hLjfbsf] k'gM:yfkgf eof] . oL ;a} s'/fsf] k|||||efj rLgsf ;fy}}} ljZjel/ g} kb}}}{ uof] .

!($(df gof“ hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ePsf] nuQ}}} rLgdf kf6L{leq gof“ vfn] b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ z'? eof] . dfcf]n] rLgdf k"“hLkltju{ / ;j{xf/fju{jLr k||wfg cGtlj{/f]w /x]sf] s'/f atfp“b} ;dfhjfbL sfo{lbzf k|:t't ug'{ eof] eg] To;sf] pN6f] No' zfcf] rLn] lk5l8Psf] pTkfbs zlQm / ljsl;t ;dfhjfbL k|0ffnL aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]wnfO{ k|wfg atfp“b} gof“ hgjfbnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ k"“hLjfbL sfo{lbzf k]z u¥of] . dfcf]n] To;nfO{ xflgsf/s tyf blIf0fk+yL e8\sfj atfpb} To;sf] lj/f]w ug'{ eof] . k/Gt' !(%^ df ;DkGg kf6L{sf] cf7f}+ dxflwj]zgdf No" zfcf] rLsf] ToxL sfo{lbzf kfl/t eof] .

of] l:yltdf dfcf]n] Psflt/ cGt/fli6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf k|an aGb} uO/x]sf] cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfb / csf]{lt/ rLgdf ljBdfg blIf0fk+yL ;+zf]wgjfb b'a}sf lj?4 n8\b} cl3 a9\g' eof] . o;} qmddf dfcf] k|ltqmflGtsf] vt/faf/] uDeL/ cWoogdf h'6\g' eof] .

;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt

    ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj dfS;{åf/f k|ltkflbt tyf n]lggåf/f ljsl;t l;4fGt xf] . o;df dfcf]n] ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt ljsl;t ug'{ eof] . dfcf]sf] of] l;4fGt ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj ;DaGwL dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL dfGotf, cGt/fli6«o sDo'lgi6 cfgbf]ngsf ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds cg'ejx?, :tflngsf pknlAw tyf sdhf]/Lx?, v|'Zrf]jsf] cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfb tyf ;f]leot ?;df k"“hLjfbsf] k'gM:yfkgf / rLgdf hl6n aGb} uO/x]sf ju{ ;+3if{ tyf b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf ;d:ofx?sf] uxg cWoog / ljZn]if0f tyf ;+Zn]if0fdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 .

    dfS;{n] !*&% df …uf]yf sfo{qmdsf] cfnf]rgfÚ df eGg' ePsf] lyof]–æk"“hLjfbL / sDo'lgi6 ;dfhsf] aLrdf Pssf] csf]{df qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] sfn x'G5 . o;sf] ;djtL{ Ps /fhgLlts ;+qmd0fsf] sfn klg x'G5, h;df /fHo ;j{xf/fsf] qmflGtsf/L clwgfosTj afx]s c? s]xL x'b}g .Æ  of] sfn ;dfhjfbsf] sfn xf] . dfS;{sf] egfO cg';f/ k"“hLjfbL ;dfhaf6 bL3{sfnLg k|zj j]bgfkl5 ev{/} hlGdPsf] of] ;dfhdf k'/fgf] ;dfhsf æcfly{s, g}lts / j}rfl/s Æ 5fkx? x'G5g\ . oxf“ ;dfg clwsf/ t cjZo} x'G5, t/ Tof] k"“hLjfbL ;Ldfaf6 hsl8Psf] x'G5 . oxf“ dfnsf t'No d"Nox?sf] ljlgdo rN5 / ljt/0fsf nflu ;dfg dfks klg >d g} x'G5 . oxf“ h;n] hlt >d ub{5 To;n] Tolt kfp“5 . sDo'lgi6 ;dfhsf] pRrt/ cj:yf cyf{t ;fDojfbL ;dfhdf s] x'G5, dfS;{ eGg' x'G5–æsDo'lgi6 ;dfhsf] pRrt/ cj:yfdf, JolQmsf] >d ljefhg k|lt bf;Tjk"0f{ clwgtf / To;sf ;fy;fy} dfgl;s tyf zf/Ll/s >dsf] cGtlj{/f]w nf]k ePkl5, >d hLjgsf] dfq Ps ;fwg g} x}g clkt' ;jf]{kl/ cfjZostf alg;s]kl5, JolQmsf] ;jf{l¨0f ljsf;sf] ;fy;fy} pTkfbs zlQmx?sf] klg j[l4 x'b} hfg] / ;fdflhs ;Dkltsf ;|f]tx?sf] j9L a]u;+u k|jfxdfg x'g] ePkl5 logsf] kl5 g} sxL+ k'u]/ k"“hLjfbL clwsf/sf ;+sL0f{ lIflthx?nfO{ k"0f{tM gf£g ;lsg] 5 / ;dfhn] cfºgf] em08fdf c+lst ug{ ;Sg]5– æk|To]s;+u p;sf] Ifdtf cg';f/, k|To]snfO{ p;sf] cfjZostfg';f/ .Æ

    o; cl3 dfS;{n] æk|mfG;sf] ju{ ;+3if{Ædf ;dfhjfbsf] JofVof ub}{ eGg' ePsf] lyof]–æ;dfhjfb qmflGtsf] :yfloTjsf] 3f]if0ff xf], ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTj o;sf] clgjfo{ k|:yfg ljGb' xf], ju{ e]bnfO{ k"0f{tof vtd ug{, tL tdfd pTkfbg ;+aGwx?nfO{ k"0f{tof vtd ug{ hxf“ tL l6s]sf 5g\, tL tdfd ;fdflhs ;+aGwx?nfO{ vtd ug{, h'g tL pTkfbg ;+aGw cg'?k 5g\ / tL tdfd ljrf/x?df qmflGtsf/L kl/j{tg Nofpg h'g oL ;fdflhs ;DaGwsf pkh x'g\ .Æ dfS;{sf oL egfO{af6 s] s'/f :ki6 x'G5eg] s]jn k'/fgf pTkfbg tyf ;fdflhs ;DaGwx?nfO{ ef}lts ?kdf vtd ug{ dfq x}g clkt' tL ;DaGwsf pkh tdfd ljrf/x?df klg qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj  clgjfo{ x'G5 / o; cy{df ;dfhjfb æqmflGtsf] :yfloTjsf] 3f]if0ff ÆaGGf hfG5 .

    ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjaf/] :ki6 kfb}{ n]lggn] eGg' eof]–æ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj ju{ ;+3if{sf] cGt xf]Og clkt' gof“ ljlwx?df To;sf] g} hf/L ?Kf xf] . ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj Ps o:tf] ;+3if{ xf]] h;nfO{ ljhoL eO;s]sf] / /fhgLlts ;Qf cfºgf] xftdf lnO;s]sf] ;j{xf/fju{n] To:tf] k"“hLkltju{sf lj?4 rnfp“5 h'g k/flht e};s]sf] xf];\ t/ ljgi6 ge};s]sf] xf];\ .Æ jxf“n] km]l/ eGGf' eof]–æ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj k'/fgf] ;fdfhsf zlQmx? / k/Dk/fsf lj?4 Ps /Qmdo / /QmxLg, lx+;fTds / zflGtk"0f{, ;}4flGts / cfly{s, z}lIfs / k|zf;lgs cljrn ;+3if{ xf] .Æ :d/0f/xf];\ , h;/L dfS;{n] ;dfhjfbnfO{ k'/fgf] ;dfhsf 5fkx? / ju{e]bsf lj?4 æqmflGtsf] :yfloTjsf] 3f]if0ffÆ eGg' ePsf] lyof], tL s'/fsf] dd{nfO{ cem} /fd|f];+u phfu/ ub}{ n]lggn] ;dfhjfbnfO{ ju{;+3if{sf] hf/L ?k / cljrn ;+3if{ jtfpg' eof] . ;fy} jxf“n] s] s'/fdf klg hf]8 lbg' eof] eg] k/flht ju{n] cfºgf] k|lt/f]wnfO{ bzf}+ u'0ff a9fpg], cGt/fli6«o k"“hLjfbsf] cfqmd0fsf] vt/f tLj| eP/ hfg] tyf n3' pTkfbg eO{ k"“hLjfbsf] ;|f]t x'g] . Tof] l:yltdf gof“ gf]s/zfxL ju{ hlGdg] ePsf]n] tL ;a} s'/fsf lj?4 ef}lts tyf j}rfl/s If]qdf n8\g / ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;f“:s[lts :t/ ;d]t dfly p7fpg æ;f“:s[lts qmflGtÆ cfjZos 5 .

    pko'{Qm dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL dfGotf cg';f/ ;dfhjfb cGtu{t k"“hLjfb / ;fDojfb b'a}sf ljz]iftf x'G5g\ . ;dfhjfbdf ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj k|f/De, ljsf; / ljnf]ksf tLg k|lqmofdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . ;dfhjfbsf] cy{ xf]–;fDojfbdf k|j]zsf nflu ef}lts tyf j}rfl/s cfwf/ tof/ kfg'{ . To;}n] ;dfhjfbdf b'Zdgåf/f /fli6«o / cGt/fli6«o ?kaf6 x'g] cfqmd0f /f]Sg, ju{x?sf] pGd'ng ug{, JolQmut ;Dklt ;DjGwx?nfO{ vtd kfg{, ufp“ zx/ tyf zf/Ll/s dfgl;s >d aLr e]b d]6fpg / oL ;a} s'/faf6 k}bf x'g] j}rfl/stfdf qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj clgjfo{ x'G5 . oL sfd k'/f ePkl5 dfq} ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] ljnf]k / ;fDojfbsf] :yfkgf x'G5 . dfcf]n] ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj ;DaGwL o; k|sf/sf dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL dfGotfx?nfO{ ;dfhjfbsf] bL3{sfnLg qmflGtsf] cjlw lng] ljrf/sf aLhx? kfpg' eof] .

    dfcf]n] pko'{Qm s'/fx? dfly Wofg lb+b} :tflng / jxf“sf] sfo{sfnsf] ?;nfO{ uDeL/tfsf ;fy a'¤g] sfd ug'{ eof] . o;/L cWoog ubf{ jxf“n] s] kfpg' eof] eg] :tflng ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj nfu' ug]{ s'/fdf d"ntM ;xL x'“bfx'b} klg jxf“df s]xL uDeL/ k|sf/sf clwe"tjfbL q'6Lx? lyP . dfcf]n] eGg' eof]– æljkl/tx?sf] Ps?ktf / ljkl/tx?sf] ;+3if{aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ x]g{ :tflng c;kmn x'g' eof] .Æ of] ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfb;+u ;DalGwt :tflngsf] sdhf]/L k|ltsf] l6Kk0fL lyof] . To:t} P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb;+u ;DalGwt :tflngsf] sdhf]/L dfly l6Kk0fL ub}{ dfcf]n] eGg' eof]– æpxf“n] pTkfbg ;DaGw / pTkfbs zlQmx?aLr, pkl/;+/rgf / cfly{s cfwf/aLr ;dfhjfbL k|0ffnL cGt{ut ljBdfg cGtlj{/f]wsf k|Zgx?nfO{ ;du| dxTjsf k|Zgsf ?kdf k|:t't ug'{ ePg, g t ;dfhjfbL ;dfhnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] tL cfwf/e"t cGtlj{/f]wnfO{ dx;'; g} ug'{ eof] . jxf“n] 7fGg' eof] cfºgf] zf;g sfndf ;a} s'/f ;'/lIft 5 . xfdLn] cfºgf] tkm{af6 s] s'/f ;To dfGg' x'Gg eg] xfd|f] zf;gdf ;a} lrh ;'/lIft 5, of] ;'/lIft 5 / c;'/lIft klg 5 .Æ :tflngsf] …?;L ;dfhjfbsf ;d:ofx?Ú zLif{s / /rgfx? k|lt ;+s]t ub}{ of] klg eGg' eof]–æof] k':tsdf z'?b]lv lnP/ cGt;Dd :tflng pkl/;+/rgf af/] s]xL klg af]Ng' x'Gg' .Æ

    of] l:yltdf ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj ;DaGwL dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL dfGotf, :tflngsf sdLsdhf]/Lx?, ?;df ePsf] k"“hLjfbsf] k'gM:yfkgfsf hl6ntfx? / rLgdf ljBdfg ju{;+3if{ tyf b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf ;d:ofx?dfly Wofg lb+b} dfcf] s] lgisif{df k'Ug' eof] eg] ;dfhjfbsf] clGtd ljhosf nflu :jfldTjsf] cfwf/e"t ?kdf ;dfhjfbL ?kfGt/0f dfq eP/ k'Ub}g . ljrf/wf/f ;lxt pkl/;+/rgfsf ;a} If]qdf klg qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f x'g'kb{5 / o; lglDt w]/} nfdf] P]ltxfl;s cjlw kf/ ug{ h?/L x'G5 . !(%& df dfcf]n] æhgtf aLrsf cGtlj{/f]wx?sf] ;xL ;+rfngÆ, æk|rf/ sfo{ ;DAfGwL lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf efif0fÆ h:tf dxTjk"0f{ /rgfx?df ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] o;} P]ltxfl;s cjlwaf/] ljif]z k|sfz kfg]{ sfd ug'{ ePsf] 5 . jxf“n] eGg' ePsf] 5–æ;dfhjfbL ;dfhsf cfwf/e"t cGtlj{/f]wx? clxn] klg pTkfbg ;DaGw / pTkfbs zlQmx?sf aLr x'g] tyf /fHo;Qfsf pk/L;+/rgf / cfly{s cfwf/sf aLr x'g] cGtlj{/f]wx? x'g\ .Æ ju{;+3if{sf] hl6ntf dfly k|sfz kfb}{ dfcf] eGg' x'G5– æju{;+3if{, ljleGg /fhgLlts zlQmx?sf dfemsf] ju{;+3if{ / ;j{xf/f tyf k"“hLklt ju{aLrsf] ;}4flGts If]qdf x'g] ju{;+3if{ cem} klg nfdf] / k]lrnf] x'g]5 tyf a]nfa]nfdf of] lgs} rsf]{ klg x'g ;Qm5 . ;j{xf/fju{n] ;+;f/nfO{ cfºg} b[li6sf]0fn] / k"“hLklt ju{n] klg cfºg} b[li6sf]0f cg';f/ ;+;f/ km]g{ vf]H5 . o; ljifodf ;dfhjfb cyjf k"“hLjfbdWo] s'g rflx+n] cflv/df uP/ lhTg] xf] eGg] s'/fsf] ckm} klg lgwf] eO;s]sf] 5}g .Æ :jfldTjsf] If]qdf cfwf/e"t ?kdf ;dfhjfbL ?kfGt/0f u/]/ dfq k'U5 t < cjZo k'Ub}g . ;dfhjfbnfO{ jf:tljs cy{df ljhoL      t'Nofpg / ljrf/wf/fTds If]qdf ;d]t ljho k|fKt ub}{ cl3 a9\g nfdf] cjlwsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . To;}n] dfcf]n] eGg'x'G5–ærLgdf ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfnfO{ bl/nf] v“lbnf] agfpgsf lglDt / clGtd ljho ;dfhjfbsf] x'g] 5 jf k"“hLjfbsf] eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o ug{sf lglDt cem} klg Pp6f w]/} nfdf] P]ltxfl;s cjlw nfUg]5 .============ cfwf/e"t ?kn] xfd|f] d'n'sdf ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf ul/;lsPsf] 5 . pTkfbgsf ;fwg / To;sf] :jfldTjsf] ?kfGt/0f ug]{ sfddf xfdLn] cfwf/e"t ?kn] ljho kfO;s]sf 5f}+, /fhfgLlts / ljrf/wf/fTds df]rf{x?df cem} xfdLn] k"0f{ ljho kfO;s]sf eg] 5}gf}+ . ljrf/wf/fsf] IF]qsf ;j{xf/fju{ / k"“hLklt ju{dWo] s;n] lhTg] xf] eGg] k|Zg cem} to ePsf] 5}g . k"“hLjfbL / lgDgk"“hLjfbL ljrf/wf/fsf lj?4 Pp6f bL3{sfnLg ;+3if{ xfdLn] cem} rnfO/xg' 5, of] s'/fnfO{ ga'em\g' ljrf/wf/fTds ;+3if{sf] dxTjnfO{ kl/Tofu ug'{ xg]5, h'g Hofb} unt x'g]5 .Æ

    o;/L ;dfhjfbn] nfdf] / bL3{sfnLg cjlw lng] s'/fdfly Wofg lbb} dfcf]n] ef}lts tyf j}rfl/s ?kfGt/0fsf lglDt dxfg\ cu|jtL{ 5nf¨, sDo'gLs/0f / ;dfhjfbL lzIff cfGbf]ngnfO{ cleofgsf ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg' eof] . o;} qmddf pxf“n] æzlQmzfnL ;dfhjfbL b]zsf] lgdf{0fÆ ug{sf nflu æju{;+3if{, pTkfbgsf] ;+3if{ / j}1flgs k|of]uÆsf tLg dxfg qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8lbg' eof] . ;fy} jxf“n] s] klg eGg' eof] eg] æoL cfGbf]ngsf cefjdf Æ hldGbf/x?, k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx? / v/fa tTjx?nfO{ 6fpsf] p7fpg lbOof], b'Zdgsf g/d / s7f]/ sfo{gLltaf6 cfk"mnfO{ jrfpg ;lsPg eg] æ/fi6«JofkL ?kdf k|ltqmflGtsf/L k'gM:yfkgf x'gdf, Ps dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL kf6L{ Pp6f ;+zf]wgjfbL of kmfl;jfbL kf6L{ aGgdf / ;Dk"0f{ rLgn] /+u abNgdf w]/} ;do nfUg] 5}g, zfob s]xL aif{, Ps bzfAbL jf a9Ldf s]xL bzfAbL nfUg]5 .Æ o;} qmddf tyf  cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf] k|qmofdf– æv|'Zrf]jsf] gSsnL sDo'lgHd / b'lgof“sf nflu To;sf P]ltxfl;s kf7 Æ -!(^$_ h'g rLgL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;ldIff xf],df k"“hLjfbL k'gM:yfkgf s;/L /f]Sg] eGg] af/] dfcf]sf] dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL dfGotfdf cfwfl/t æl;4fGt / gLltx?sf] Ps ;d"xÆ tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . To;df elgPsf] 5–

    æ;dfhjfbL ;dfh Ps cToGt} nfdf] P]ltxfl;s cjlw;Dd hf/L /xG5, . o; ;dfhdf klg ju{x? / ju{;+3if{sf] cl:tTj sfod} /xG5 / ;dfhjfbL af6f] tyf k"“hLjfbL af6f]aLrsf] ;+3if{ hf/L /xG5 . s]jn cfly{s df]rf{df -pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?sf] :jfldTjsf] If]qdf_ ;dfhjfbL qmflGt ug'{ :jo+df ckof{Kt 5 / To;nfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg ;lsb}g . /fhgLlts / ljrf/wf/fTds If]qx?df klg k"0f{ ;dfhjfbL qmflGt ug'{kb{5 . ;dfhjfb / k"“hLJFFbaLrsf] ;+3if{df s'g ljhoL xf]nf eGg] s'/fsf] km};nf ug{sf nflu nfdf] ;dosf] cfjZostf kb{5 . s]xL bzfAbLx?n] sfd rNb}g, ;kmntfsf nflu Ps ztfAbL b]lv lnP/ s]xL ztfAbL;Ddsf] ;do rflxG5 .=========== ;dfhjfbsf] P]ltxfl;s sfndf k"“hLjfbsf] k'gM:yfkgf /f]Sg, ;dfhjfbL lgdf{0fsf] sfdnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg / sDo'lgHddf ;+qmd0f ug{sf nflu ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjnfO{ sfod} /fVg / ;dfhjfbL qmflGtnfO{ cGt;Dd rnfpg h?/L x'G5 .Æ

    olt dfq x}g, s'g} klg b]zdf ;dfhjfbsf] cflv/L ljhosf nflu ljZjqmflGt g} ljho x'g klg cfjZos x'G5 . dfcf] eGg' x'G5 – æn]lggjfbL b[li6sf]0f cg';f/ s'g} Ps ;dfhjfbL b]zsf] cflv/L ljhosf nflu s] s'/f dfq h?/L x'“b}g eg] To; b]zsf] ;j{xf/f ju{ / hg;d'bfo k|oTg u/f];\ clkt' s] s'/fsf] klg ck]Iff x'G5 eg] ljZj qmflGtn] klg ljho k|fKt u/f];\ k'/f k[YjLdfly dfgjåf/f dfgjsf] zf]if0f ug]{ Joj:yfsf] klg Wj+; xf];\, h;af6 ls ;f/f dfgj hflt d'Qm agf];\.Æ

    dfcf]åf/f ljsl;t ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt o;/L g} ljsl;t x'“b} cfPsf] 5 / of] l;4fGt dxfg ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] k|lqmofdf cem} kl/dflh{t aGg k'Ub5 . of] l;4fGt ;dfhjfbL ;dfhdf pTkfbs zlQmx? / pTkfbg ;+DaGw, cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgf, k"“hLklt / ;j{xf/fju{, k"“hLjfbL sfo{lbzf / ;dfhjfbL sfo{lbzf, k"“hLjfbL ljZj b[li6sf]0f / ;dfhjfbL ljZj b[li6sf]0faLrsf cGtlj{/f]wx?sf] bL3{sfnLg k|s[ltdf cfwfl/t 5 . o; l;4fGtn] s] s'/f dfGb5 eg] s'g} klg b]zdf ;dfhjfbsf] clGtd ljhosf nflu Tof] b]zdf JolQmut ;Dklt tyf ju{ pNd'ng, ufp“–zx/,ef}lts dfgl;s >d aLr e]bsf] pNd'ng, k'/fgf ljrf/ / ;+:s[lt dfly gof“ ljrf/ / ;+:s[ltsf] ljho x'g'sf ;fy} ljZj qmflGtsf] ljho x'g' klg h?/L 5 .  

bfz{lgs kmf“6df tLg k|d'v ;+3if{x?

    !($(–!(^$ sf] cjlwdf rLgsf] bfz{lgs kmf“6df cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgf, lrGtg / ;Qfsf] Ps?ktf, b'O{sf] Psdf ljefhg of Pssf] b'O{df ;+of]hg h:tf tLg dxTjk"0f{ laifodf 7"nf] ;}4flGts ;+3if{ rNof] . of] ;+3if{ Psflt/ åGbfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb / csf]{lt/ cfbz{jfb tyf clwe"tjfbaLrsf] 7"nf] bfz{lgs le8Gt lyof] . of] le8Gt Tof] j]nfsf] ju{;+3if{ / b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] bfz{lgs k|ltlaDag lyof] . dfcf]sf] ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGt{ut lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGtsf] ljsf; k|lqmofdf o; k|sf/sf] bfz{lgs ;+3if{ / To;df ;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf] k/fhon] ljz]if dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . bfz{lgs km“f6sf tL tLg k|d'v bfz{lgs ;+3if{x? lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

    klxnf] M No" zfcf]rLsf] k"“hLjfbL sfo{lbzfsf] k'li6sfnflu of¨ lzog r]gn] æ;+Zn]lift cfly{s cfwf/ Æ-synthesised Economic Base_ sf] l;4fGt k]z u¥of] . o; l;4fGtn] dfcf]sf] ;dfhjfbL ?kfGt/0fsf] sfo{lbzfsf lj?4 gof“ hgjfbL cyf{t k"“hLjfbL ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] sfo{lbzfsf] k'k{If ub{Yof] . o;sf] cy{ /fhsLo :jfldTj, ;xsf/L, lghL ls;fgL tyf b:tsf/L, lgDg k"“hLjfbL / /fHo k"“hLjfbL kf“r tx (Five rectors) df cfwfl/t cy{tGqsf] ;+of]hg u/L k"“hLjfbnfO{ :yflkt tyf ljsl;t ug'{ lyof] . o; k|sf/sf] …;+Zn]lift cfly{s cfwf/Úsf] l;4fGt k|ltufdL, :jM:km"t{tfjfbL tyf jg{:6fOg–sfpT:sL– v|'Zrf]j nufotsf ;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf] pTkfbs zlQmsf] l;4fGTfdf cfwfl/t lyof] . To;sf lj?4 dfcf]n] Psflt/ s[lif / pBf]u, 7"nf / ;fgf, s]Gb|Lo / :yfgLo, ;Gt'ng / c;Gt'ng h:tf ljkl/tx?aLrsf] åGbfTds ;DaGw / csf]{lt/ s[lifnfO{ cfwf/e"t tyf pBf]unfO{ d'Vo dfGb} k|lt:kwf{ tyf c/fhstf b'a}sf] lj/f]wdf of]hgfa4 ;dfhjfbL cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbg' eof] . dfcf]n] eGg' eof]–æk"/} zlQmsf ;fy h'6, nIo p“rf] /fv, cToGt} a9L, cToGt} l56f], cToGt} /fd|f] / cToGt} ;:tf] kl/df0fsf ;fy ;dfhjfbsf] lgdf{0f u/ .Æ dfcf]n] pTkfbstfnfO{ k|wfgtf lbg] pTkfbs zlQmx?sf] k"“hLjfbL 9+usf] dfqfTds dGb ljsf; x}g, ltgsf] d'lQm tyf pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?sf] :jfldTjsf] ;dfhjfbL ?kfGt/0f / ;r]tg u'0ffTds wSsf dfly hf]8 lbb} eGg'eof]–æqmflGtdf hf]8 b]p, pTkfbg a9fp .Æ

    bf];|f] MlrGtg / ;QfaLr Ps?ktf x'G5 jf x'b}g eGg] af/] Tof] a]nf ulDe/ ljjfb rNof] . dfS;{jfbL dfGotf cg';f/ lrGtg / ;QfaLr Ps?ktf / ;+3if{ b'a} x'G5 . dfS;{jfbn] lrGtg / ;QfaLrsf] Ps?ktfnfO{ ljkl/tx?sf] åGbfTds Ps?ktfsf] cy{df u|x0f ub{5 . of] 1fgsf] ;lqmo k|ltljDagsf] l;4fGt;+u ;DalGwt k|Zg xf] . k/Gt' o;sf] ljkl/t of¨ lzog r]gn] eGof] ælrGtg / ;QfaLr Ps?ktf x'b}g .Æ ;fy} p;n] qmflGtsf/Lx? dfly s] cf/f]k klg nufof] eg] ælrGtg / ;QfaLr Ps?ktfÆ x'g] s'/f dfGg' …cfbz{jfbÚ xf] . of] lgs} w"t{tfk"0f{ ;+zf]wgjfbL rfnafhLdf cfwfl/t å}tjfbL tyf clwe"tjfbL bfz{lgs dfGotf lyof] . lrGtg / ;QfaLr Ps?ktf c:jLsf/ ug'{sf] cy{ l;4fGt / Jojxf/, egfO{ / u/fO{, r]tgf / kbfy{aLr å}tjfb / clwe"tjfbsf] kvf{n v8f ug'{x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ 1fgsf] ;lqmo k|ltlaDAfgsf] lj/f]w u/L ;r]t 9+un] b'lgof“ a'¤g] / abNg] s'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug'{x'G5 . of] jg{:6fOgs} åtjfb / clwe"tjfbsf] cleJolQm xf] . åGbfTds ef}ltsjfbL 1fg l;4fGtn] Psflt/ ;QfnfO{ k|fylds / lrGtgnfO{ låtLo :yfgdf /fVb5 eg] csf]{lt/ lrGtgnfO{ ;Qfsf] k|ltljDag dfGb5 . dfcf]n] Jojxf/af/]df eGg'ePsf] lyof]–æJojxf/, 1fg, km]l/ Jojxf/, km]l/ 1fg .Æ o;} ljjfbsf] qmddf dfcf]n] 1fg l;4fGtnfO{ cem} ljsl;t ug'{ eof] .jxf“n] !(^# df …;xL ljrf/ sxf“af6 cfp“5 <Ú zLif{s /rgfdf eGg' eof]–ækbfy{sf] r]tgf / r]tgfsf] kbfy{df ?kfGt/0f x'G5 .Æ dfcf]sf] of] dfGotf No" zfcf] rL / of¨ lzog r]gsf] ;dfhjfbsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu qflGtsf/L l;4fGtsf] kyk|bz{g / ;r]t /fhgLltsf] e"ldsfsf] lgif]w ug]{ ;+zf]wgjfbL lrGtsf lj?4 v8f 5 . dfcf]sf] of] dfGotfn] rLgsf] ;dfhjfbL ?kfGt/0fsfnflu dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] ;}4flGts kyk|b{zg / ;r]t /fhgLltsf] e"ldsfnfO{ cufl8 /fVg] s'/fsf] b[9 kIfkf]if0f ub{5 . of] 1fgsf] b'O{ 5nf¨sf] l;4fGt xf] .

    t];|f] M Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg / b'O{sf] Psdf ;+of]hgsf] k|Zgdf ljjfb . dfcf]n] !(%& df eGg' ePsf]lyof]–æPssf] b'O{df ljefhg x'G5 –of] ;fj{ef}d kl/36gf xf] / of] åGbjfb xf] . of] n]lggsf] æPs ;du|sf] b'O{df ljefhgÆ eGg] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t 5 . dfcf]sf] of] dfGotf åGbjfbdf yk ljsf; xf] . k/Gt' o;sf] pN6f] of¨ lzog r]gn] eg]sf] lyof]–æb'O{sf] Psdf ;+of]hg x'G5 .Æ Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg / b'O{sf] Psdf ;+of]hg aLrsf] cGt/dfly :ki6 kfb}{ rLgsf] kf6L{ :s"nåf/f k|sflzt ærLgL bfz{lgs kmf“6df tLg k|d'v ;+3if{x? ÆzLif{s k'l:tsfdf elgPsf] 5 MæPssf] b'O{df ljefhgsf] cy{ ;dfhjfbL ;dfhdf ju{x?, ju{cGtlj{/f]wx? tyf ju{;+3if{x?sf] cl:tTj, ;dfhjfbL af6f] / k"“hLjfbL af6f]sf] aLr ;+3if{, k"“hLjfbL k'gM:yfkgfsf] vt/f / ;fd|fHojfb / tyf ;fdflhs ;fd|fHojfbåf/f xdnf tyf tf]8kmf]8sf] r'gf}lt /x]sf] s'/f dfGg' xf] . oL cGtlj{/f]wsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tf ;f/e"t ?kdf clgjfo{ 5 .Æ ;f] n]vdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5 Mæ=======b'O{df Pssf] ;+of]hgsf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L l;4fGtn] s] jsfnt ub{Yof] eg] b'O{df Pssf] ;+of]hg htf;'s} nfu' x'G5 . ljkl/tx?sf] Ps?ktfn] ljkl/tx?sf] …c6'6 ;DaGwÚ, …;femf e"ldÚ, / …;femf dfu{Úsf] s'/f bzf{p“ 5 . of] k|ltqmflGTfsf/L s'ts{ cGtlj{/f]wdf d]n sfod ug]{, ;+3if{sf] lj;{hg ug]{ / qmflGtsf] lj/f]w ug]{ s'/fdf kl/nlIft lyof] . of] ldlt k'lu;s]sf] clwe"tjfb / cfbz{jfb lyof] . ;f/df,o;n] ;j{xf/f / k"“hLklt , qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtnfO{ Psdf ;+of]hg ug{ rfxGYof], o;n] ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] lj/f]w ub{Yof] / k"“hLjfbsf] k'gM:yfkgfsf] k|of; ub{Yof] . of] No" ;fcf] rLsf]…ju{ ;+3if{sf] x|f;Úsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t lyof] .Æ

    pQm egfO{af6 s] :ki6 x'G5 eg]æb'O{sf] Psdf ;+of]hg Æsf] dfGotf k|ltqmflGtsf/L, ;f/;+u|xjfbL / e8'jf“ ljsf;jfbL /x]sf] 5 . o;n] ju{;+3if{, cGtlj{/f]w, u'0ffTds 5nfª / qmlGtsf] lgif]w ub{5 . o;sf] pN6f] æPssf] b'O{df ljefhgÆsf] dfGotf qmflGtsf/L tyf åGbjfbL /x]sf] 5 . æb'O{sf] Psdf ;+of]hgÆ n] ljkl/tx?sf] Ps?ktfnfO{ k|wfg / lg/k]If dfGb5, k/Gt' o;sf] ljkl/t æPssf] b'O{df ljefhgÆn] ljkl/tx?sf] Ps?ktfnfO{ uf}0f, c:yfO{ tyf ;fk]If dfGb} ;+3if{nfO{ :yfoL tyf lg/k]If c+uLsf/ ub{5 . …Pssf] b'O{df ljefhgÚ cGtlj{/f]wx?sf] Ps?ktfsf] lgoddf cfwfl/t 5 . tbg';f/ ;a} ljkl/tx? s'g} vf; cj:yfdf Pp6} OsfOdf ;x–cl:tTjdf /xG5g\, k/Gt' csf]{ vf; cj:yfdf tL Ps csf]{df ablnG5g\ . h:Tf,} k"“hLjfbL ;dfhsf] Pp6f vf; cj:yfdf k"“hLklt / dhb"/ Tof] ;dfhsf] Pp6} OsfO{df ;x–cl:tTjdf x'G5g\, t/ ;dfhjfbL ;dfhsf] csf]{ vf; cj:yfdf tL Ps csf]{df ablnG5g\ . k"“hLjfbL ;dfhdf k"“hLklt zf;s / ;j{xf/f zfl;t lyP, t/ ;dfhjfbL ;dfhdf ;j{xf/f zf;s / k"“hLklt zfl;t u'0ffTds 9+un] ablnPsf x'G5g\ . oxf“ a'¤g' kg]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] ljkl/tx?sf] Pstfsf] lgodn] oL b'a} cj:yfnfO{ ;d]6\5 / oL b'a} cj:yfdf ljkl/tx?sf] Ps?ktf tyf ;+3if{ b'a} cGt{;DalGwt /x]sf x'G5g\ .

    o;} k|;+udf of¨ / To;sf] d08nLn] ljZn]if0f / ;+Zn]if0fnfO{ k/:k/ cnUofp“b} eg]–æljZn]if0fsf] cy{ …Pssf] b'O{df ljefhgÚ / ;+Zn]if0fsf]cy{ …b'O{sf] Psdf ;+of]hgÚ xf] .Æ jf:tjdf of] ljZn]if0f / ;+Zn]0faLr kvf{n v8f ug]{ clwe"tjfb xf]. dfcf]n] of] unt ;f]+rsf] lj/f]w ub}{ !(^$df æbz{gsf k|Zgx? af/] Æ /rgfdf Psflt/ ljZn]if0f / ;+Zn]if0f cgGtM ;DalGwt x'g] / csf{lt/ ljZn]if0fn] cGtlj{/f]wx?sf] JofVof tyf ;+Zn]if0fn] ltgsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ s'/fdfly /fd|f] k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] 5 . dfcf]n] o'4 d}bfgdf sDo'lgi6 / sf]ldGtf¨ ;]gfaLr ePsf] ;+Zn]if0f af/] eGg' eof]–æ;+Zn]if0f o:tf] /xof]M ltgsf ;]gf cfP / xfdLn] ltgnfO{ lgNof}+, xfdLn] ltgnfO{ 6'qmf 6'qmf u/L vfof}+,of] of¨ lzo]g r]gn] eg] h:tf] …b'O{sf] Psdf ;+of]hgÚsf] d'2f lyPg, of] zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ;xcl:tTjdf /x]sf b'O{ ljkl/tx?sf] ;+Zn]if0f lyPg . ltgn] zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTj rfxGgy], ltgn] tkfO{x?nfO{ vfg rfxGy] .Æ o;/L :ki6 5, æljZn]if0f / ;+Zn]if0fÆ b'lgof“ a'¤g] / abNg] åGbjfbL 1fg l;4fGtsf] Ps lgod, ljlw / k4lt xf] . of] æPssf] b'O{df ljefhgÆsf] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t 5 . ljZn]if0f / ;+Zn]if0f tyf Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg ljkl/tx?sf] Ps?ktfsf] ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfbsf] cfwf/e"t lgoddf cfwfl/t 5g\ . logn] æPstf–;+3if{–u'0ffTds 5nf¨sf] ?kfGt/0fÆ gof“ cfwf/df gof“ Pstfsf] dfGotf c+ufNb5g\ .

    æb'O{sf] Psdf ;+of]hgÆn] ;dfhjfbdf ju{;+3if{sf] x|f; / zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTjsf] kIfkf]if0f ub{5 rg] Pssf] b'O{df ljefhgn] ;dfhjfbdf ju{;+3if{sf] lg/Gt/tf / qmflGtsf] kIfkf]if0f ub{5 . 7Ls To;}n] dfcf]n] eGg' ePsf] lyof]–æju{;+3if{ d'Vo s8L xf], ju{;+3if{nfO{ slxNo} ge"n .Æ

dxfg ;j{xf/f ;+f:s[lts qmflGt

    dxfg ;j{xf/f ;+f:s[lts qmflGt ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t Ps dxfg /fhgLlts qmflGt lyof], of] ;dfhjfbL qmflGtdf Pp6f gof“ r/0f / bf];|f] qmflGt lyof] . of] qmflGt !(^^–!(&^ aLrsf] bzsel/ hf/L /x\of] . of] qmflGtnfO{ dfcf]n] klxn] b]lv kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf rNb} cfPsf]æbL3{sfnLg ;+3if{Æ / ;j{xf/f k"“hLkltju{aLrsf] æju{;+3if{sf] hf/L ?kÆ atfpg' eof] . o; qmflGtsf] ?k / tl/sfsf] dxTjdfly k|sfz kfb}{ !(^& df dfcf]n] eGg'eof]– æklxn] xfdLn] ufp“df ;+3if{ rnfof}+, sf/vfgfdf ;+3if{ rnfof}+, ;f+:s[lts If]qdf ;+3if{ rnfof}+, / ;dfhjfbL lzIff cfGbf]ng rnfof}+ t/ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsPg, lsgls xfdLn] o:tf] ?k / tl/sf vf]Hg kfPgf}+ h;åf/f xfdLn] cfºgf cGWfsf/do kxn'nfO{ gf+uf] kfg{sf nflu v'nf ?kdf, rf}tkmL{ ?kdf / tnb]lv dfly;DDf Jofks ;d'bfonfO{ uf]naGb ug{ ;sf}+ .Æ

    :ki6 5, of] dxfg qmflGt Jofks hg;d'bfonfO{ Jofks ?kdf uf]naGb u/L cGwsf/do kxn'x?nfO{ v'nf, rf}tkmL{ / ;j{q gf+uf] kfb}{ qmflGtnfO{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fpg] ?k / tl/sf xf] . of] qmflGtsf] gLlt / sfo{qmd æ!^ dO{ !(^^ sf] ;s'n{/Æ / æ* cu:t !(^^ sf] !^ ;"qLo ;s'{n/Ædf ;dflji6 5g\ . ;fy} tL qmflGtsf k|lqmofdf  ljsl;t / kl/dflh{t klg aGb} uPsf 5g\ . kf6L{, ;/sf/ / ;]gf nufot ;a} If]qdf gof“ j'h'[{JFF ju{ k}bf x'g', ju{;+3if{ / b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ Pp6} ljGb'df ;+s]lGb|t aGGf' / ju{ cGtlj{/f]wx? gof“ 9+un] ljsl;t x'“b} hfg'sf] kl/0ffd of] ;dfhjfbL qmflGTfsf] gof“ r/0fsf] qmflGt aGg uPsf] lyof] . oL cGtlj{/f]wx?sf] ;dfwfg ub}{ cl3 a9\g' o; qmflGtsf] sfo{lbzf lyof] .

    ;f]x| ;"qLo ;s'n{/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5–æ/fhgLlts ;Qf kN6fpgsf] nflu ;b}j ;j{k|yd hgdt tof/ kfg{, ljrf/wf/fsf]    If]qdf sfd ug{ h?/L x'G5 . of] qmflGtsf/L ju{sf nflu klg Tolt g} ;f“rf] xf] hlt k|ltqmflGtsf/L ju{sf nflu Æ . !(^@ sf] dfcf]sf] of] :yfkgfnfO{ k|:t't ;s'n{/n] æJojxf/df k"/} ;xL ;fljt ePsf]Æ 7x/ u/]sf] 5 . ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] lzIff, snf, ;+:s[lt ;lxt ljrf/wf/fsf ;a} If]qdf k|ltqmflGtsf nflu cfwf/ tof/ kfg]{ sfd ub}{ cfPsf lyP . dfcf]n] ;f+:s[lts dGqfno ;d]tsf] s8f lj/f]w ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . o; dxfg\ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf k"jf{lego æxfO h'O{ kbaf6 vf]l;of]Æ eGg] gf6ssf] cfnf]rgfaf6 ul/Psf] lyof] . of] qmflGt No" zfcf] rLsf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L ækm/j/L ?k/]vfÆsf] if8oGqsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ub}{ cl3 a9\of] . o;n] d}qLk"0f{ / b'ZdgLk"0f{ cGtlj{/f]wx?nfO{ tbg'?k xn ug]{ gLlt lnof] .

    dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] d'Vo sfo{ef/ kf6L{, ;Qf / ;]gfdf 3';]sf k"“hLjfbk+yLx?nfO{ lrGg' / kbRo"t ug'{ lyof] . o; qmflGtsf k|xf/sf d'Vo lgzfgf k"“hLjfbk+yL / slyt P]s]8]lds ljåfg lyP . o; qmflGtsf] pb]Zo zf]ifs ju{sf k'/fgf ljrf/, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh / cfbtsf lj?4 ;j{xf/f ju{sf gof“ ljrf/, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh / cfbtnfO{ Jojxfl/s ?k lbg], cfly{s cfwf/;+u d]n gvfg] pkl/;+/rgfsf] ?kfGt/0f ug]{, k"“hLjfbsf] k'gM:yfkgf /f]Sg], ;dfhjfbsf] ljho ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ef}lts tyf j}rfl/s cfwf/ tof/ kfb}{ hfg] / ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{ lgd'{n ub}{ ljZj b[li6sf]0fsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ lyof] .

    ;f]x| ;"lqo ;s'{n/df elgPsf] 5–æhgtfdfly ljZjf; u/, To;dfly e/f];f u/ / To;sf] kxnsbdLsf] sb/ u/ . czflGtaf6 g8/fp .Æ hgtfnfO{ cfGbf]ngdf :jod\ lzlIft x'g lbg', hgtfåf/f :jod\nfO{ d'Qm ug{ o; dxfg\ qmflGtsf] Psdfq k4lt lyof] . o; qmflGtsf] d'Vo zlQm dhb"/x?, ls;fgx?, ;}lgsx?, qmflGtsf/L j'l4hLjLx? / qmfGtsf/L sfo{stf{x?sf] hg;d'bfo lyof] .

    dxfg\ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] k|lqmofdf s}of}+ gof“ rLhx? k}bf eP . tL–;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf/L u'|kx?, sld6Lx? / sf+u|];x? lyP . qmflGtsf/L sf+u|];sf ;b:ox? k]l/; sDo'gdf h:t} hgtfåf/f cfd r'gfjaf6 r'lgGy] / tL cof]Uo 7xl/Pdf lkmtf{ af]nfOGy] . ;+u7gsf] If]qdf qmflGtsf/L lqklIfo ;+>odf cfwfl/t h'g sld6Lx? ag] tL /fHo;Qfsf gof“ ;+u7gx? lyP . dfcf] eGg' x'G5–æqmflGtsf/L sld6Lsf cfwf/e"t cg'ejdf tLg tTj ljBdfg 5g\ , of] Ps qmflGtsf/L …lqklIfoÚ ;+>o xf] h;df qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{x? k|ltlglw, ;]gfsf k|ltlglw / qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfosf k|ltlglw ;fd]n 5g\ . qmflGtsf/L sld6Ln] Plss[t g]t[Tj nfu' ug'{kb{5, k|zf;gsf bf]xf]/f 9f“rfx?nfO{ vtd ug'{ kb{5, c;n kmf}h / ;/n k|zf;gsf] gLlt cg';/0f ug'{ kb{5 / Ps o:tf] g]t[TJfbfoL u'|k ;+ul7t ug'{ kb{5 . h;n] hg;d'bfosf ;fy 3lgi7 ;+aGw /fvf];\ .Æ

    ;f]x| ;"lqo ;s'{n/df elgPsf] 5–ædxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtdf dfcf]T;]t'¨ ljrf/wf/fsf] dxfg\ /ftf] em08fnfO{ p“rf] agfO{ /fVg / ;j{xf/f /fhgLltnfO{ cufl8 /fVg' clgjfo{ 5 .Æ o;sf] cy{ xf]–dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]ljrf/wf/fsf] ky k|bz{g,sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj / ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] /fhgLltnfO{ cufl8 /fvL qmflGtnfO{ ;a} If]qdf tLj| agfpg' . tbg';f/ x/ If]qdf qmflGtsf/L sld6Lx? u7g ug]{, ufp“ / zx/df ;dfhjfbL lzIff cleofg ;+rfng ug]{, lzIffnfO{ ;j{xf/f /fhgLltsf] ;]jfdf nufpg] / pTkfbg sfo{;+u hf]8\g], qmflGtdf hf]8 lbg] / pTkfbg a9fpg], ;f+:s[lts qmflGt / pTkfbg sfo{nfO{ ;fy;fy} rnfpg] nufotsf sfdx?nfO{ cufl8 a9fOof] . o; ;+Gb{edfænfn / lgk'0fÆ b'a} x'g' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbOof] .

    dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] ;dodf dfcf]sf …gof“ hgjfb af/],Ú …o]gfgsf] snf ;flxTo uf]i7Ldf efif0fÚ, …hgtf aLrsf cGtlj{/f]wx?nfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] xn ug]{ af/],Ú …rLgL sDo'lgi6sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf efif0f,Ú …g]t[Tjsf tl/sf;+u ;+alGwt s]xL ;jfnÚ, …kf6L{ sld6Lx?sf] sfd ug]{ tl/sf h:tf s[ltx?sf] ljz]if cWoogdf hf]8 lbOof] . ;fy} hglbzf nfu' ug{, lzIfs aGg' cl3 lzio aGg, ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfbsf] /Iff / clwe"tjfb tyf ljt08tfjfbsf] lj/f]w ug{ ;d]t lgb]{zg lbOof] . o; qmflGtdf æ j'h'{jf x]8Sjf6/dfly ad xfg Æ, æk|ltls|ofjfbLx?sf lj?4 ljb|f]x ug'{ clwsf/ xf] Æ h:tf d'Vo gf/f lglZrt ul/P . 7"nf lrqfIf/L kf]i6/x? 6f“:g], dxfg ax; rnfpg], æ;+3if{–cfnf]rgf tyf v08g–?kfGt/0fÆ sf] k4lt cjnDag ug]{ sfd ul/of] . of] qmflGt lgs} cf/f]x cj/f]x / af¨fl6¨f df]8 x'b} cl3a9\of] .

    o; dxfg qmflGtsf] klxnf] cjlwdf No" zfcf] rL / bf];|f] cjlwdf lng lkofcf] h:tf k"“hLjfbk+yLx?nfO{ gUofp“g] sfd eof] . clGtd cjlwdf of] t]¨ lzofcf] lk¨sf lj?4 klg kl/nlIft lyof] t/ k'/f x'g kfPg . tL k"“hLjfbk+yLx? ju{;+3if{sf] x|f;, slyt pTkfbstf, zflGtk"0{f ljsf;, ju{;dGjo h:tf k"“hLjfbL dfGotf c+ufNb} nfn em08f af]s]/ nfn em08fsf] lj/f]wdf pqb} uO/x]sf lyP . logn] cfkm"nfO k|sf08 ljåfg atfpb} hgtfnfO{ lk5l8Psf] eg]/ x]Kby] . ;dfhjfbL qmflGt / dfcf] ljrf/wf/fsf] lj/f]w ug{, ax's]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug'{, ?;L cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfbLx?;+u ;f+7uf+7 u/L k|ltqmflGtsf nflu cfwf/ tof/ kfg'{ logsf] k|d'v wGbf lyof] . l:ylt sxf“;Dd lyof] eg] lng lkofcf] h:tf u2f/x?nfO{ pQ/flwsf/L;Dd dflgPsf] lyof] . p;n] cWoIf kb xft kfg{sf nflu oxf“;Dd klg eGbYof] – k|ltef s]xL ztfAbLsf] aLrdf dfq k}bf x'G5, dfcf] ljrf/ ck/Dkf/ 5 . bz xhf/ eGbf Pp6} jfSo kof{Kt 5 . No" zfcf] rL h:tf k"“hLjfbk+yL eGbf lng lkofcf] s}of}+ a9L 5Bd e]if wf/0f u/]/ k]z x'g] ub{Yof] . dfcf]sf] k|z+;f u/]/ dfcf]s} xTof ug{ pBt lgs[i6 if8oGqsf/L lyof] Tof] . ?kdf…jfdÚ / ;f/df blIf0fk+yL /x]sf] lnglkofcf]sf] ljif]tf gsf/fTds k|j[ltsf] 9fs5f]k ug{sf nflu ;s/fTds k|j[ltsf] pkof]u ug'{ lyof] . No" zfcf] rL / lng lkofcf] b'a} sGºo"l;o;jfbL lyP . No"n] æcfTdf]Tyfg ug]{ / clwsf/L aGg]Æ s'/fsf] k'k{If ub{Yof] eg] lngn] k'/fgf ljrf/ / ;QfRo"t ju{nfO{ k'gM :yflkt ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbGYof] . tL b'a} clttd'vL lyP / ltgnfO{ dxfg ;f+:s[lts qmflGtdf sGºo"l;o;jfbL eg]/ g¨ofOPsf] lyof] . k]¨, No" / lng;+usf n8fOnfO{ dfcf]n] tLg k6ssf b'O{ x]8Sjf6/ aLrsf n8fO{ atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . lng lkofcf]åf/f p7fOPsf] k|ltefsf] k|Zg af/] dfcf]n] eGg' ePsf] lyof]–æk|ltefsf] k|Zg l;4fGtsf] k|Zg xf] . pgLx?sf] l;4fGt cGttM k|1fjfbL cfb{zjfb lyof] . k|ltef Ps jf s]xL JolQmdf lge{/ x'Gg . of] ;j{xf/f ju{sf] kf6L{df lge{/ x'G5, k|ltef hglbzf / ;fd'lxs j'l4df lge{/ x'G5 .Æ

    dxfg ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt hgtf aLrsf cGtlj{/f]wx?nfO{ d}qLk"0f{ / b'Zdg l;tsf cGtlj{/f]wx?nfO{ b'ZdgLk"0f{ 9+un] ;dfwfg ub}{ tyf b'Zdgsf cg]sf}+ k|lt/f]wx?sf] ;fdgf ub}{ k|efjsf/L pynk'yn ;lxt ljsl;t eO/x]sf] lyof] . Tof] j]nf dfcf]n] eGg' ePsf] lyof]–æ;dfhjfbsf]

clGtd ljhosf nflu o; k|sf/sf] ;f+:s[lts qmflGt Ps b'O{ k6s dfq x}g af/Daf/ rnfpg' kb{5 .Æ

bfz{lgs dfGotfx?

dxfg ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt;Dd cfp“bf ;j{xf/f ju{sf] l;4fGt dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] PsLs[t ;dli6df ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . dxfg ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf bfz{lgs dfGotfx? o;} ;dli6df cfwfl/t /x]sf 5g\ . dfS;{jfbsf tLg ;+36s c+u x'g\–j}1flgs ;dfhjfb, /fhgLlt cy{zf:q / bz{g . oL tLgj6} c+u Ps csf{;+u 3lgi7 ?kn] uf“l;Psf 5g\ .

    dfS;{jfbL bz{g eg]sf] åGbfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb xf] . dfS;{, P+u]N; / n]lggkl5 dfcf]n] åGbfTds ef}ltsjfbdf cGtlj{/f]wsf] lgod, Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg, ljZn]if0f / ;+Zn]if0f, lrGtg / ;Qfsf] Ps?ktf, kbfy{ / r]tgfsf] Pscsf]{df ?kfGt/0f h:tf ljifodf yk ljsf; ug'{ eof] . jxf“n] hgjfbL qmflGtsf] sfndf gf]s/zfxL k"“hL, gof“ hgjfb, bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 / ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsfndf ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tf tyf ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt h:tf l;4fGtsf] ljsf; u/L P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbnfO{ ;d[4 t'Nofpg' eof] . dfcf]åf/f ljsl;t bfz{lgs dfGotfx?nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf o;/L k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 M

    klxnf] M bz{g ;DaGwL b[li6sf]0f . dfcf]sf] egfO{ 5–æhxf“ ju{;+3if{ 5 ToxL+ g} bz{g x'G5 . Jojxf/af6 cnu eO{ 1fglddf+;f af/] ax; ug'{ Joy}{df ;do u'dfpg' xf] .Æ dfcf]jfbL bz{gsf] rrf{ ubf{ ;j{xf/f juL{o kIfw/tf, Jojxfl/s k|of]u / bz{gnfO{ hgtfdf k'¥ofpg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' x'G5 . jxf“ eGg'x'G5–æåGbjfbnfO{ bfz{lgsx?n] ;fgf] sf]7faf6 Jofks hg;d'bfosf aLrdf k'¥ofpg' k5{ .Æ                          

    bf];|f] M ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfb ;+DaGwL dfGotf . dfcf] eGg'x'G5 –ædfS;{jfbL bz{gn] ljkl/tx?sf] Ps?ktfsf] lgodnfO{ ljZjsf] cfwf/e"t lgod dfGb5 . of] lgod k|s[lt, dfgj ;dfh / dfgj lrGtgdf ;fj{wf}d ?kn] nfu' x'G5 . cGtlj{/f]wdf /x]sf ljkl/tx? ;+u;+u} Ps?ktf / ;+3if{ sfod ub}{ hfG5g\ / o;/L g} j:t'x?nfO{ ultzLn / kl/jt{gzLn t'Nofp“b} cl3 a9fp“5g\ . cGtlj{/f]wx? htftt} ljBdfg 5g\ t/ h;/L j:t'x? cfºgf k|s[ltdf leGg leGg} x'G5g\ To;}u/L cGtlj{/f]wx? klg cfºgf k|s[ltdf leGgleGg} x'G5g\ . s'g} vf; j:t'df ljkl/tx?sf] Ps?ktf kl/l:ylta4 , c:yfoL tyf ;+qmd0fzLn / To;}n] ;fk]If x'G5 . t/ ljkl/tx? aLrsf] ;+3if{ eg] lg/k]If x'G5 . æ5f]6f]df of] ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfbsf] ;f/ule{t k|:t'lt xf] . ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfb e“8'jf ljsf;jfb ;lxt ;a} vfn] clwe"tjfbsf lj?4 5 . ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfbn] s'g}klg j:t'sf] ljsf;nfO{ To;}df ;lGglxt ljkl/tx?sf] ;+3if{, u'0ffTds 5nf¨ / qmflGtsf ?kddf c+lusf/ ub{5 . ;f/df eGg'kbf{ x/]s j:t'df lg/Gt/ ljsl;t x'“b} hfg] cGtlj{/f]wx?nfO{ a'¤g' / ltgsf] ;dfwfg ub}{ cl3 a9\g' g} dfcf]åf/f k|:t't ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfbsf] d"n dfGotf xf] .

    t]>f]M P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb ;DaGwL dfGotf . ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfb ;dfhdf nfu' x'G5 . dfcf] eGg'x'G5–æ;dfhsf] hLjgdf ljkl/tx?sf] Ps?ktf / ;+3if{ ;fj{ef}d kl/36gf xf] . ;+3if{sf] kl/0ffd ljkl/tx? Ps csf]{df ablnG5g\ / gof“ Ps?ktfsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 / o;/L ;dfhsf] hLjg Ps sbd cl3 a9\b5 .Æ pTkfbgsf] P]ltxfl;s ljsf; k|s[of;+u} ;dfhdf ju{x? / ju{;+3if{sf] hGd x'G5 . ju{ ;+3if{sf] kl/0ffd ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj / cGttM ;fDojfb g} x'G5 . ;dfhdf ljBdfg ju{;+3if{ g} ljkl/tx?sf] Pst?ktf / ;+3if{ xf], o;} ;+3if{sf aLraf6 ;dfhsf] ljsf; x'G5 . oxL g} P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb xf] .

    ;dfhjfb eg]sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj xf] . o;sf] cy{ b'Zdgsf nflu clwgfosjfb / hgtfsf nflu hgjfb xf] . dfcf]n] ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsfndf ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfbL dfGotf cg';f/ Psflt/ b'Zdg tyf hgtfaLrsf cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj / csf]{lt/ hgtfaLrsf cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf cfwf/df ;dfwfg ub}{ cl3 a9\g] s'/f atfpg' eof] . o;} ;Gbe{df jxf“n] ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] l;4fGt klg ljsl;t ug'{eof] / Tof] dxfg\ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] k|s[ofdf :yflkt klg eof] . bzf}+ dxflwj]zgdf kfl/t ælrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ljwfgÆdf elgPsf] 5 –æ;dfhjfbL ;dfh Ps cToGt} nfdf] P]ltxfl;s cjlw;Dd ljBdfg /xG5 . of] k'/f P]ltxfl;s cjlwsf] qmddf ju{, ju{cGt/lj/f]w / ju{;+3if{ ljBdfg x'G5g\, ;dfhjfbL af6f] / k"“hLjfbL af6f] aLrsf ;+3if{ ljBdfg /xG5g\ / ;fd|fHojfb tyf ;fdflhs ;fd|fHojfbåf/f if8\oGq, tf]8kmf]8 / xdnfsf vt/f ljBdfg /xG5g\ . oL cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] ;dfwfg ;j{xf/f / To;sf] dfu{ lgb]{zgdf Jojxf/åf/f g} ug{ ;lsG5 .Æ

    Oltxf;sf] rfns zlQm ju{;+3if{ xf], Oltxf;sf] lgdf{tf hg;d'bfo xf] . dfcf]n] oL s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ / Oltxf;sf] cWoogdf ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfbsf] k|of]u u/]/ ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGt/ut lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ug'{ ePsf] xf] . of] l;4fGt ;dfhjfbdf ju{;+3if{sf] lg/Gt/tf / To;sf] bL3{sfnLg k|s[ltdf cfwfl/t 5 . ;dfhjfbL ;dfhdf ju{;+3if{sf] lg/Gt/tf / To;sf] bl3{sfnLg k|s[lt x'g'sf] Pp6f k|d'v sf/0f Tof] ;dfhdf gof“ k"“hLklt ju{ lg/Gt/ k}bf x'“b} hfg' xf] . dfcf]n] eGg' ePsf] lyof] –æxfd|f] b]zdf Ps dfn cy{Joj:yf nfu' 5, a]tg k|0ffnL klg c;dfg 5, h:tf] ls cf7 u|]8sf] a]tgdfgdf / o:t} c? s}of}+ rLh 5g\ . ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t o:tf rLhx?nfO{ s]jn ;Lldt ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] olb lng lkofcf] h:tf dfG5] ;Qfdf cfP eg] pgLx?nfO{ k"“hLjfbL Joj:yf v8f ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]5 .Æ n]lggn] eGg' ePsf] lyof]– ;fgf]:t/sf] pTkfbgn] x/]s lbg, x/]s 306f, :jtM:km"t{ ?kn] / 7"n} :t/df k"“hLjfb / k"“hLkltju{nfO{ k}bf ul//xG5 .Æ n]lggsf egfO{ p4t ul/;s]kl5 dfcf] k'gM rLgsf] l:yltdfly Wofg lbb} cufl8 eGg' x'G5 –æpgLx? -k"“hLkltx?–n]=_ dhb'/x? / kf6L{ ;b:ox?sf aLraf6 klg k}bf x'G5g\ . ;j{xf/f k+lQmx? / /fHo tyf cGo ;+:yfx?sf kbflwsf/Lx? b'j}df o:tf dflg;x? ljBdfg 5g\ h;n] a'h'{jf hLjgz}nL c+ufn]sf 5g\ .Æ o;/L s] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 eg] ;dfhjfbL ;dfhdf k'/fgf ;dfhsf 5fkåf/f l56} g} ld6\g], ef}lts tyf ;f+:s[lts hLjgdf k"“hLjfbL c;dfgtfsf s}of]+ ljz]iftfx? nfdf] ;do;Dd sfod eO/xg] / dhb'/x? tyf kf6L{ ;b:ox?sf aLraf6 gof“ k"“hLklt ju{ k}bf x'“b} hfg] ePsf]n] of] ;dfhsf] k|s[lt bL3{sfnLg aGg k'U5 . 7Ls o;}sf/0f ;dfhjfbL ;dfhdf ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGt ;DkGg ub}{ hfg clgjfo{ x'G5 . dfcf]sf] ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGtsf] d"n dd{ oxL xf] .

    P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbsf] If]qdf dfcf]n] – pTkfbs zlQmx? / pTkfbg ;DaGw, cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgf ;DaGwL dfGotfaf/] yk ljsf; ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] 5 . oL s'/faf/] s]xL rrf{ ug{ h?/L 5 . pTkfbs zlQmx? / pTkfbg ;DaGw pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ . logdf pTkfbs zlQmx? d'Vo x'G5g\ / s'g} a]nf pTkfbg ;DaGw klg d'Vo x'G5 . pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf oL b'j} kf6faLr ;Gt'ng x'g'k5{ . k|s[ltdfly ljho k|fKt ub}{ hfgsf nflu dfG5]n] h'g zlQmsf] k|of]u u5{ To;sf] gfd pTkfbs zlQm xf] . pTkfbs zlQm cGtu{t pTkfbgsf ;fwg / >d zlQm kb{5g\ . dlzg, e"ld, sRrf  dfn, cf}hf/ h:tf >dsf ;fwgx?sf] gfd pTkfbgsf] ;fwg xf] . >dzlQm eg]sf] :jo+ dg'io xf] . oxf“ pTkfbgsf ;fwg jf pks/0f xf]Og dg'iosf] e"ldsf k|wfg / lgwf{/s x'G5 . pTkfbg ;DaGw cGtu{t :jfldTjsf] :j?k, pTkfbgdf ;+nUg dfG5]x?sf] e"ldsf tyf cfk;L ;DaGw / pTkfbgsf] ljt/0fsf] :j?k h:tf tLg tTj kb{5g\ . :jfldTjsf] :j?k pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?df s'g ju{sf] lgoGq0f 5 eGg] s'/fdf cfwfl/t x'G5 / oxL g} pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] d"n kf6f] xf] . o;}n] pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] k|s[lt lgwf{l/t ub{5 . pTkfbg k|s[ofdf dfG5] / k|s[lt, dfG5] / dfG5]x?aLr ;DaGw x'G5, o;}u/L dfG5] / pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?aLr klg ;DaGw x'G5, of] ;DaGwsf] gfd pTkfbg ;DaGw xf] . ;dfhjfbL ;dfh ;lxt Oltxf;sf ;dfh Joj:yfx? pTkfbg ;DaGw x'g\ . pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] ;du|tfsf] gfd cfly{s cfwf/ xf] . cfly{s cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgfaLrsf] ;+3if{df d"ntM cfly{s cfwf/ d'Vo / pkl/;+/rgfsf] ;xfos e"ldsf x'G5 . t/ s'g} a]nf pkl/;+/rgfsf] klg k|d'v e"ldsf x'G5 . pkl/;+/rgf cGtu{t /fhgLlts ;Qf, ;]gf, cbfnt h:tf ;+:yfx? / wd{, bz{g, snf, ;+:s[lt ;lxtsf ljrf/wf/fsf ljljw ?kx? kb{5g\ . cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgfaLr ;Gt'ng sfod x'g h?/L x'G5 . pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGw, cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgf aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w / ljleGg ju{x?aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]waf6 g} ;dfhsf] ljsf; x'G5 . oL cGt/lj/f]wx? g} ;fdflhs qmflGtsf k|d'v lgwf{/s sf/s x'g\ .

    dfS;{–P+u]N;–n]lggn] pTkfbs zlQmx? / pTkfbg ;DaGw, cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgfaLrsf] kf/:kl/s cGt/s[ofaf/] /fd|f] k|sfz kfb}{ cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . k/Gt' dfcf]n] o;df cem} yk ljsf; ug'{eof] . jxf“n] …cGt/lj/f]waf/]Ú zLif{s k|l;4 /rgfdf eGg'eof] –æxf], pTkfbs zlQmx?, Jojxf/ / cfly{s cfwf/ ;fdfGo ?kdf d'Vo / lg0f{ofTds sfd u5{g, o; s'/fnfO{ gdfGg] dflg; ef}ltsjfbL x}g . t/ oxf“g]/ s] s'/f klg dfGg' kb{5 eg] slxn]sfxL+ s]xL kl/l:yltx?df pTkfbg ;DaGw l;4fGt / pkl/;+/rgf h:tf kIfx?n] klg d'Vo / lg0f{ofTds sfd ug]{ ub{5g\ .Æ rLgsf] ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsfndf pTkfbs zlQmx?sf] ljsf;df afws ag]sf] pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{ km]g{ ju{;+3if{, pTkfbgsf] lglDt ;+3if{ tyf j}1flgs k|of]usf Jojxfl/s cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;r]t ?kdf ;}4flGts kyk|bz{g ug{ / cfly{s cfwf/sf] ljsf;df tuf/f] ag]sf /fhgLlt, ljrf/wf/f tyf ;+:s[lt h:tf pkl/;+/rgfdf kl/jt{g Nofpg clgjfo{ / lg0ff{os aGg uPsf] lyof] . 7Ls To;}n] dfcf]n] qmflGtsf/L l;4fGtsf] kyk|bz{g / /fhgLltnfO{ cufl8 /fvL pTkfbs zlQmx?, cfly{s cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgfsf lzIff, ;+:s[lt nufotsf kIfx?df qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' eof] / rf}tkmL{ ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjnfO{ clgjfo{ agfpg' eof] .

    k'/fgf] ;dfhsf cjz]if tyf k"“hLjfbL clwsf/sf ;+ls0f{ lIflthsf] l:ylt / gof“ k"“hLklt ju{ k}bf eO/xg'sf] sf/0f ;dfhjfbsf] k|s[lt bL3{sfnLg x'g] / To;sf] clGtd ljhosf nflu ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGt hf/L /fVg' kg]{ ePsf] cj:yfdf ;dfhjfb jf ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] cjwf/0ffaf/] klg yk ljsf; x'g uPsf] 5 . o;af/] RofË r'g lrofcf]sf] æ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;j{Qf]d'vL clwgfosTjÆ zLif{s /rgfdf /fd|f] k|sfz kfg]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . ;f] n]vn] dfS;{sf] æk|mfG;df ju{;+3if{Æ zLif{s s[ltdf pNn]lvt rf/ kIf h;af/] dfly g} rrf{ ul/Psf] 5, cyf{t ju{e]b, pTkfbg ;DaGw tyf ;fdflhs ;DaGw h:tf s'/fx?sf] pGd"ng / ltgdf cfwfl/t ljrf/x?sf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f ;lxt :jfldTj;+u ;DalGwt kIfdfyL Wofg lbb}+ tbg'?k ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjnfO{ ;j{Qf]d'vL agfpg' kg]{ / To; k|sf/sf] clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGt hf/L /fVg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ ca ;Rrf dfS;{jfbL aGgsf nflu ju{;+3if{sf ;fy} ;j{Qf]d'vL ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj, To; cGtu{t qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tf / dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt dfGg h?/L x'G5 .

    rf}yf] M b'O{ nfO{g ;+3if{ ;DaGwL dfGotf . dfcf]n] kf6L{ leqsf] b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{nfO{ Psflt/ ;dfhdf ljBdfg ju{;+3if{sf] k|ltljDag / csf]{lt/ kf6L{ hLjg tyf To;sf] ljsf;sf] lgwf{/s tTjsf ?kdf k|:t't ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] 5 . k/Gt' ;dfhjfbdf ju{;+3if{sf] k|s[lt bL3{sfnLg x'g] ePsf]n] tbg'?k b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] k|s[lt klg bL3{sfnLg x'g] s'/f ca yk ljifo aGg uof] . !(&$ df dfcf]sf] lgb]{zgdf rLgsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] eGof] –æ;dfhdf ljBdfg ju{;+3if{sf] bL3{sfnLg k|s[ltn] kf6L{leqsf] b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] k|s[ltnfO{ lgwf{l/t ub{5 .Æ ;+ejtM of] ;+3if{ c? bz, aL; of tL; k6s klg k|s6 x'g]5 / s] klg ;+ej 5 eg] lng lkofcf], jfËldË, No" zfcf]rL, k]Ët] x'O{ / sfcf]sfË h:tf JolQmx? km]l/ klg k|s6 x'g]5g\ . æxfdLn] ju{;+3if{ / b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] k|s[ltnfO{ ks8\g ;Sof}+ eg] dfq} ltgsf] cf/f]x–cj/f]x, ltgsf pRr–lgDg Hjf/ef6fx? klg slxn] pRr tyf slxn] lgDg ?kdf lg/Gt/ k|jflxt eO/x]sf x'G5g\ / ltgnfO{ /fd|f];+u 7Dofpg tyf ltgnfO{ zfl;t ug]{ lgodx?nfO{ a'em\g ;s]df dfq} xfdLn] ltgsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu oy]i6 tof/L tyf kxn ug{ ;dy{ aGb} hfg ;St5f}+ .Æ

    dfcf]n] æcGt/lj/f]waf/]Æ /rgfdf czq'tfk"0f{ cGt/lj/f]wx? zq'tfk"0f{ / zq'tfk"0f{ cGt/lj/f]wx? czq'tfk"0f{ cGt/lj/f]wx?df ablng] s'/fsf] pNn]v ub}{ kf6L{ leq klg Tof] s'/f nfu" x'g] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . jxf“n] eGg' ePsf] lyof] –æn]lgg / :tflngsf ;xL ljrf/x? / 6«f6:sL, a'vfl/g / c? dflg;sf unt ljrf/x? dfemsf] cGt/lj/f]w k|f/Dedf zq'tfk"0f{ ?kdf b]vf k/]sf lyPgg\, t/ kl5 uP/ tL zq'tfk"0f{ ?kdf g} x'ls{P/ uP .Æ jxf“n] rLgdf klg 5g t':o', rfªsf] yfcf]x?;+usf czq'tfk"0f{ cGt/lj/f]wx? zq'tfk"0f{ aGg uPsf] s'/f klg atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfb d'VotM v|'Zrf]j;+usf] uDeL/ dte]bsf] qmddf cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf cg'ejsf] ;f/ lvRt} ædxfg ljjfbÆdf elgPsf] 5– æPstf, ;+3if{ / oxf“;Dd ls km"6 / k'gM gof“ cfwf/df gof“ Pstf o:t} 5 cGt/f{li6«o dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;sf] åGbjfb .Æ oL ;a} s'/faf6 b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] k|s[lt bL3{sfnLg x'g] dfq x}g zq'tfk"0f{ x'g] / kf6L{df km'6 k}bf x'g] s'/f klg :ki6 x'G5 . 7Ls oxL+g]/ s'g s'/fdfly klg Wofg lbg h?/L 5 eg] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;Qfdf gk'u]sf] a]nf km'6 / k'u]sf] a]nf ;+zf]wgjfbLx?af6 kf6L{ tyf ;Qf sAhf ug]{ s'/f g} a9L ;+ej b]lvg] ub{5 . To;/L x]bf{ b'j} l:yltdf kf6L{leq ;Rrf sDo'lgi6x?sf] alnof] l:ylt / ks8 x'g h?/L b]lvG5 . To;}n] dfcf]n] pQ/flwsf/Lx?sf] lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbb}+ cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . t/ pQ/flwsf/L dflgPsf] lng lkofcf]sf] if8\oGqsf/L 36gfn] l:ylt emg} uDeL/ aGg uof] . Tof] a]nf dfcf]n] ;+3if{df vfl/Psf / ;j{xf/fju{sf cufl8 a9]sf tKsfx?nfO{ k|lzlIft ub}{ hfg] / ltg}af6 kf6L{ ;+u7g agfpg] dfGotf k|:t't ug'{ eof] .

    o; ;Gbe{df b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ ;+rfng ;DaGwL dfcf]jfbL dfGotfdfly klg Wofg lbg h?/L 5 . uNtL ug]{x?k|lt dfcf]n] Psflt/ ;+3if{ / csf]{lt/ ;xof]usf] åGbjfbL gLlt c+ufNg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' eof] . t/, Tof] jxf“n] 6«f6:sL, 5g t':o' h:tf u2f/x?k|lt nfu' gx'g] s'/f klg atfpg' eof] . bz bz cf]6f 7"nf b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf cg'ejx?sf] ;f/ lvRt} !(&! df dfcf]n] eGg' eof] –ædfS;{jfb nfu' u/, ;+zf]wgjfb xf]Og, Ps h'6 xf]pm gkm'6, :ki6 / v'nf ag, if8\oGq / 5n5fd gu/ .Æ jxf“n] cufl8 eGg' eof] –æljrf/wf/fTds tyf /fhgLlts sfo{lbzf ;xL jf unt x'g'n] ;a} yf]ssf] lgwf{/0f x'G5 .Æ oL b'O{ nfO{g ;+3if{sf] k|s[ofdf cjnDag ug'{kg]{ dfGotf / s;L x'g\ . oxf“ ug{ x'g] / gx'g] s'/fnfO{ ljlw lgif]wsf] åGbjfbL tl/sfåf/f ;+lIfKt k/Gt' ;f/ule{t ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ;xL ljrf/wf/fTds tyf /fhgLlts sfo{lbzf cjnDag ug'{, dfS;{jfb nfu' ug'{, Ps h'6 x'g', :ki6 tyf v'nf aGg', oL ljlwsf ?kdf k|:t't dfGotf / s;L x'g\– unt ljrf/wf/fTds tyf /fhgLlts sfo{lbzf cjnDag gug'{, ;+zf]wgjfb nfu' gug'{, gkm'6\g', if8\oGq / 5n5fd gug'{ . b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] k|s[of lgs} hl6n x'G5 . o; k|s[ofdf s}of}+ qmflGtsf/Lx? e|d / cGof]ndf klg kg{ ;St5g\ . t/ To; k|s[ofdf dfcf]sf pQm dfGotf / s;Lx?nfO{ /fd|f];+u a'em\g / cToflws ulx/fOsf ;fy cfTd;ft ug{ ;s]df e|d / cGof]ndf kg'{kg]{ l:ylt cfp“b}g . b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] hl6n / uDeL/ l:yltdf s;n] ;xL / s;n] unt sfo{lbzf cjnDag ul//x]sf] 5, s;n] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / s;n] ;+zf]wgjfb nfu' ul//x]sf] 5, s'g PstfjfbL / s'g k'm6jfbL xf], s'g :ki6 tyf v'nf ?kdf k|:t't eO/x]sf] 5 / s'g if8\oGqjfbL / 5n k|k+rsf/L aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fx?nfO{ x/]s qmflGtsf/Lx?n] 7f]; / uDeL/ ?kdf a'em\g h?/L x'G5 . of] s'/f s;n] s] eG5 eGg] s'/fn] dfq xf]Og, d'VotM kf6L{ hLjgsf] nfdf] k|s[ofdf s;n] s] ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 / jt{dfgdf ;d]t s] ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;xL hfgsf/Låf/f lgwf{l/t x'G5 .

    b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu rLgdf ;fdfGotM hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf, cfTdfnf]rgf–cfnf]rgf / z'l4s/0f cfGbf]ngsf] ljlw cjnDag ub}{ cfpg] sfd ePsf] lyof] . t/ ha ju{;+3if{ / b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ Pp6} ljGb'df ldNg uP Tof] l:yltdf oL b'j} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf] s'~hL klg Pp6} aGg uof] / Tof] s'~hL dxfg ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt lyof] . of] dxfg\ qmflGt hgtfnfO{ :jo+ d'lQmsf nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f k|bfg ug]{ lbzfdf kl/nlIft lyof] . To;}n] oL b'j} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu kf6L{ g]t[Tjdf hgtfsf] kl/rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . 7Ls o;} sf/0f dfcf]n] eGg' ePsf] lyof] –æsfo{lbzf / ljZjb[li6sf]0fsf] k|fo;M / af/Daf/ rrf{ ug'{ kb{5 . vfnL s]xL dflg;x?nfO{ dfq atfP/ sfd rNb}g, tL s'/f ljzfn qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfonfO{ klg cjut u/fpg' kb{5 .Æ dxfg\ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] k|s[ofdf ljzfn qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfodf e/ kb}{, pgLx?nfO{ qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzf / ljZjb[li6sf]0f cjut u/fp“b} hfg] sfd eof] . of] k|lqmofdf Nofpg], cNk;+Vos d'7\7Le/x?sf] lj/f]w ug]{ / k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ PsPs u/]/ vtd kfg]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/of] . o;}u/L jfdkGyLx?nfO{ g]t[Tjsf jl/k/L uf]naGb ug]{, dWokGyLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] kIfdf tfGg] / blIf0fkGyLx?nfO{ cnUofp“b} xfGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbOof] .

    sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] ;fDojfbsf] dxfg\ cfbz{ k|fKt ug]{ cfkm\gf] P]ltxfl;s e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{sf nflu pTkfbg ;DaGw, pkl/;+/rgf / l;4fGtnfO{ cfkm\gf] xftdf lnO{ /fhgLltnfO{ sdf08df /fVt} pTkfbs zlQmx?, cfly{s cfwf/ / Jojxf/nfO{ ;r]tg wSsf / u'0ffTds 5nfËsf cfwf/df abNb} hfg' cfjZos x'G5 . o; lglDt ;j{k|yd sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;f“Rr}sf] qmlGtsf/L kf6L{ / ;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|ufdL b:tf aGg h?/L x'G5 . o; 9+usf] kf6L{ lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lb+b} dfcf]n] eGg'eof]– ækf6L{ ;+u7g ;j{xf/f ju{sf cufl8 a9]sf tTjx?af6 aGg' kb{5, Tof] cf]h:jLtf / hLjg zlQmn] e/k'/ Ps o:tf] h'emf? ;+u7g x'g'kb{5 h;n] ju{b'Zdgsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{df ;j{xf/f ju{ / qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfosf] g]t[Tj ug{ ;sf];\ .Æ kf6L{ ljkl/tx?sf PsTj xf], kf6L{df Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg x'G5 / kf6L{leq b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf pRr tyf lgDg Hjf/ef6fx? lg/Gt/ k|jflxt eO/xG5g\ . ;dfhjfbsf] clGtd ljhosf nflu ju{;+3if{ / b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] bL3{sfnLg k|s[lt, To;sf] uDeL/tf tyf ltgsf j:t'ut lgodx?nfO{ a'em\b}, oy]i6 ;ts{tf, tof/L / kxn sbdL cfkm\gf] xftdf ln+b}, tdfd ;+zf]wgjfbLx? tyf k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ k5fb}{ tyf kf6L{nfO{ Pstf ;+3if{ gof“ cfwf/df gof“ Pstfsf] k|lqmofsf aLraf6 u'0ffTds 9+un] ;+zn]lift ub}{ lg/Gt/ cl3 a9fpg h?/L x'G5 . o; lglDt dfcf]n] pRr k|sf/sf] ;}4flGts kyk|bz{g / g]t[Tj k|bfg ug'{ eof] .

    kf“rf}+M g]t[Tjsf] sfd ug]{ tl/sfsf] k|Zg . o; cGtu{t kf6L{ sfddf ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfbsf] k|of]u ug]{ / 1fg l;4fGtnfO{ hglbzf, hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf tyf sfo{k4lt h:tf ljifo;+u hf]8\g] s'/f cfp“5 . g]t[Tjsf] sfd ug]{ tl/sf eg]sf] ;fdfGo / ljz]ifsf aLr åGbfTds Pstf sfod ug'{ xf] . of] sfd Jojxf/af6 l;4fGt / l;4fGtaf6 Jojxf/df hfg], hg;d'bfoaf6 lnP/ hg;d'bfonfO{ lbg], pRr:t/Lo hgjfbL 5nkmnsf cfwf/df pRr k|sf/sf] s]Gb|Lotf xfl;n ug{ / pRr s]Gb|Lotfaf6 hgjfbsf] kyk|bz{g ug]{ / o;/L g]t[TjnfO{ Jojxf/, hg;d'bfo / hgjfb;+u hf]8\g] k|lqmofsf aLraf6 dfq} ;DkGg x'g ;St5 . o;sf] cy{ l;4fGt / Jojxf/, g]t[Tjsf] s]Gb|Ls/0f ug'{ / PsLs[t g]t[Tj nfu' ug'{, k|s[lt, ;dfh / kf6L{sf j:t'ut lgodx?nfO{ a'em\g' / ltgnfO{ qmflGtsf/L 9+un] abNg' xf] .

    hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf;+u cleGg ?kn] uf“l;Psf] Pp6f csf]{ ljifo cfTdfnf]rgf cfnf]rgf xf] . of] qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug]{ / cj;/jfbLx?nfO{ g+Uofpg] ljlw klg xf] . dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] a]nf of] ljlwnfO{ lgs} uDeL/tfsf ;fy lng] sfd ePsf] 5 . of] a]nf dfcf]n] æcfkm\gf] uNtL ;Rofpgsf nflu ;j{k|yd cfkm\g} cfTdk/LIffÆ ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg' ePsf] 5 . c?sf] cfnf]rgf ug{ eg] s'g} s;/ af“sL g/fVg] k/Gt' cfkm\gf] cfTdfnf]rgf ug{ eg] clnslt klg rf;f] gb]vfpg] kf6L{ ;b:o / g]tfx?nfO{ dfcf]n] k"/f r'gf}lt lbg' eof] . jxf“n] eGg' eof]– ætkfO{x? cfkm\gf] 6fpsf]df cfkm} cfuf] ;Nsfpg tof/ /xg' kb{5 .Æ

    g]t[Tjsf] sfd ug]{ tl/sf eg]sf] ju{;+3if{ / b'O{ nfO{g ;+3if{sf ;d:ofx? a'em\g], ltgsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu gLlt tyf sfo{qmd tof/ kfg]{ / ltgnfO{ Jojxf/df nfu' ug]{ tl/sf xf] . ;fy} of] cGt/lj/f]wsf cg]sf}+ cf/f]x cj/f]x / af+uf l6+uf df]8x?df v]Nb} qmflGtnfO{ ;xL lbzf k|bfg ug]{ snf klg xf] . o; cGtu{t ;xL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fhgLltnfO{ sdf08df /fVg', cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ ;du|tfdf a'em\g' / d'Vo cGt/lj/f]w, d'Vo k|j[lQ tyf ;f/tTjnfO{ bx|f];+u ks8\g', jfdkGyLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] jl/kl/ ;d]6\g', dWokGyLx?nfO{ tfGg', blIf0fkGyL k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ xfGg' / ljzfn qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfonfO{ uf]naGb ug'{, l;4fGt, d"n sfo{lbzf tyf /0fgLltdf b[9 / sfo{gLltdf nrsbf/ aGg' h:tf ljifox? ;d]t kb{5g\ .

    5}7f}+ M ju{;DaGwx?sf] ?kfGt/0fsf] k|Zg . of] ;dfhjfbL rLgdf pTkfbg ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;DaGwx?sf] ?kfGt/0fsf] k|Zg xf] . :jfldTjsf] d"ntM ;dfhjfbL ?kfGt/0f eP klg k"0f{tM gePsf], e":jfld tyf bnfn k"“hLklt ju{sf] cjz]if cem}+ ar]sf], dfn cy{Joj:yf tyf c;dfg a]tg k|0ffnL sfod} /x]sf] / gof“ k"“hLklt ju{ klg k|ltlbg hGdb}+ uPsf] l:yltdf ju{;DaGwsf] ?kfGt/0fsf] k|Zgn] ljz]if dxTj /fVt5 . rLgdf Tof] a]nf >d ljefhg;+u ;DalGwt tLg d'Vo e]bx? cyf{t\ pBf]u / s[lif, ef}lts / dfgl;s >d, ufp“ / zx/aLr cGt/lj/f]wx? sfod} lyP . 7f];?kdf eGg' kbf{ tL cGt/lj/f]wx? g]t[Tj / hgtf, ls;fg / dhb'/ tyf k|fljlwsx? / k|ToIf pTkfbs hgtfaLr ljBdfg lyP . ;f/df eGg' kbf{ tL cGt/lj/f]wx? d'VotM k"“hLklt / ;j{xf/f ju{aLrsf ju{;+3if{sf ?kx? g} lyP .

    of] l:yltdf ju{;DaGwx?sf] ?kfGt/0f s;/L ug]{ < o; k|Zgdf dfS;{jfbLx? / ;+zf]wgjfbLx?aLr, ;dfhjfbL / k"“hLjfbL sfo{lbzfaLr eLif0f ;+3if{ rNb} cfPsf] lyof] . ;f/f ;+zf]wgjfbLx? eGby]– ;dfhjfbL ;fj{hlgs :jfldTj d"ne"t ?kdf sfod ePkl5 ;a} zf]ifs ju{ ;dfKt x'G5g\, k'/fgf] pTkfbg ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t dflg;sf] ;fdflhs ;DaGwx?sf] juL{o :j?k vtd x'G5 . pgLx?sf] egfO{ cg';f/ Tof] l:yltdf ju{;DaGwx?sf] ?kfGt/0fsf] k|Zg} p7\t}g / pTkfbg zlQmx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ cyf{t\ j:t'x?sf] pTkfbstf a9fpg], k|ljlwdf hf]8 lbg], dlzgLs/0fsf] k|s[of t]h kfg]{ h:tf sfd g} k|fylds dxTjsf aGg hfG5g\ . dfcf]n] o; k|sf/sf ;+zf]wgjfbL jsjf;x?sf] b[9tfsf ;fy v08g ug'{ eof] . jxf“n] eGg'eof]– j:t' x}g dflg; d'Vo xf], pTkfbstf, k|ljlw / dlzgLs/0f xf]Og ;xsf/ls/0f, ;dfhLs/0f / qmflGt d'Vo xf], ;fdflhs ;DaGwx?sf] juL{o :j?k vtd x}g emg} tLa| ag]/ uPsf] 5 .

    n]lggn] eGg' ePsf] lyof]– æju{x?nfO{ k"/} vtd ug{sf nflu zf]ifsx?, e":jfldx? / k"“hLkltx?nfO{ pv]n]/ km\of“Sg' kof{Kt x'“b}g, :jfldTjsf ltgsf clwsf/x?nfO{ vtd ug'{ kof{Kt x'“b}g, pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?sf] ;d:t lghL :jfldTjnfO{ vtd ug{ h?/L x'G5, zx/ / ufp“aLrsf] e]b tyf zf/Ll/s >lds / dfgl;s >ldsaLrsf] e]b vtd ug{ h?/L x'G5 . o;sf nflu lgs} nfdf] cjlwsf] cfjZostf x'G5 .Æ dfcf]n] n]lggsf oL egfOx?dfly ljz]if Wofg lbg' eof] .

    rLgdf Tof] a]nf ;fj{hlgs ;dfhjfbL pTkfbg k|0ffnL cGtu{t b'O{ k|sf/sf :jfldTj lyP– ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] :jfldTj / ;fd"lxs :jfldTj . ;dfhjfbaf6 ;fDojfbdf ;+qmd0fsf nflu oL b'j} :jfldTjsf] Ps} k|sf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] :jfldTjdf ;+qmd0f clgjfo{ x'G5 . oxL ;+qmd0f g} :jfldTjsf] sDo'gLs/0f xf] / oxL g} jf:tjdf ;fDojfbsf] :yfkgf xf] . o;sf nflu lgs} nfdf] P]ltxfl;s cjlw cfjZos x'G5 / Tof] :jfefljs s'/f xf] . To;}a]nf g} n]lggn] eGg' ePem}+ æpTkfbgsf ;fwgx?sf] lghL :jfldTjÆ, æufp“–zx/ tyf zf/Ll/s–dfgl;s >lds aLrÆsf] e]b vtd x'G5 / o;/L g} ju{x?sf] klg pGd"ng x'G5 . t/ rLgdf Tof] l:ylt lyPg, Toxf“ ;fdflhs ;DaGw cyf{t\ ju{;DaGwsf ljz]iftfx? y'k|} lyP . oBlk ;+qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf ePsf]n] ;dfhjfbdf dfn pTkfbg, d'b|f k|0ffnL, c;dfg ljt/0f h:tf k"“hLjfbL tTjx? cj:o} x'G5g\ . k/Gt' ;dfhjfbdf of]hgfa4 cy{tGqsf] ljsf; u/L ;a} If]qdf ?kfGt/0fsf] k|s[ofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] sfd x'G5 . Toxf“ qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] d'Vo sfd pTkfbgnfO{ JolQmut d'gfkmf / ljnfl;tf xf]Og ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] /fHo;QfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg] / hgtfsf cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{ tyf ;f+:s[lts :t/ psf:g] p2]Zo cg'?k ljsl;t ug'{ x'G5 . Toxf“ dfn pTkfbg, d'b|f k|0ffnLnfO{ lj:tf/} ;dfKt kfb}{ hfg] / ljt/0f Joj:yfdf ljBdfg c;dfgtfnfO{ æof]Uotf cg';f/sf] >d / >d cg';f/sf] j]tgÆsf] k|lqmofsf aLraf6 lj:tf/} cGt ub}{ hfg] sfd x'G5 . o;} bL3{sfnLg cjlwsf] k|s[of kf/ u/]/ dfq} ;a} c;dfgtf / ju{x?sf] pGd"ng x'g ;St5 .

    ju{ pGd"ng u/L ;fDojfbdf k'Ugsf nflu pTkfbgsf] k|r'/ dfqfdf ljsf; ug{ h?/L x'G5 . t/ Tof] pTkfbstfnfO{ k|fyldstf lb+b} pGgt k|ljlw / k'/fg} tl/sfn] >d zlQmsf] k|of]u u/]/ xf]Og, ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTjåf/f qmflGtnfO{ k|fyldstf lb+b} ;+3if{sf aLraf6 hgtfnfO{ ;r]t Pj+ lqmofzLn agfO{ >d pTkfbstf a9fP/ / >lds hgtfnfO{ pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?sf] jf:tljs :jfdL agfP/ dfq} x'g ;St5 . To;}n] ;f]x| ;"qLo ;s'{n/df– æqmflGtdf hf]8 b]pm, pTkfbg a9fpmÆ eGg] gf/f k|:t't ub}{ elgPsf] 5– ædxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] p2]Zo hgtfsf] ljrf/wf/fdf qmflGtsf/L kl/jt{g Nofpg' / To;}sf] kl/0ffd:j?k ;a} sfo{If]qx?df a9L pRr, a9L tLa|, a9L /fd|f] / a9L nfebfos kl/0ffd k|fKt ug'{ xf] .Æ

    dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;+:s[lts qmflGtsf] a]nf qmflGtnfO{ k|fyldstf lb+b} pTkfbg a9fpg] / ju{;DaGwx?sf] ?kfGt/0f ug]{ sfdnfO{ s;/L cufl8 a9fOof] eGg]af/] æcfgzfg kmnfd / O:kft sDkgLsf] rf6{/Æsf] pbfx/0f k|:t't ub}{ æ/fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] zf+3fO 6]S;a'sÆdf elgPsf] 5– æcfgzfg rf6{/sf] d'n efjgf xf]– ;j{xf/f /fhgLltnfO{ sdf08df /fVg', kf6L{ g]t[TjnfO{ dha't agfpg', ph{:jL hgcfGbf]ng z'? ug'{, b'O{ ;xeflutf, Ps ;'wf/ / Psdf tLgsf] ;+of]hg :yflkt ug'{ / k|fljlws gjLs/0f tyf k|ljlws qmflGtnfO{ k"/f hf]8bf/ ?kdf cl3 a9fpg' .Æ ;f] n]vdf æ;j{xf/f /fhgLltnfO{ sdf08df /fVg' / kf6L{ g]t[TjnfO{ dha't agfpg'Æ nfO{ æju{x?sf cfk;L ;DaGwx?nfO{ xn ug]{ cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx?Æsf ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . æb'O{ ;xeflutf, Ps ;'wf/ / Psdf tLgsf] ;+of]hgÆ nfO{ ;f] n]vdf æsfo{stf{x?åf/f zf/Ll/s >ddf ;xeflutf / dhb'/x?åf/f Joj:yfkgdf ;xeflutf, ctfls{s tyf k'/fgf lgod ljwfgdf ;'wf/ / dhb'/x?, g]t[Tjsf sfo{stf{x? tyf k|fljlwssdL{x?sf] Psdf tLg ;+of]hgsf] :yfkgfÆ atfOPsf] 5 . of] tl/sfnfO{ æ;+3if{–cfnf]rgf tyf v08g–?kfGt/0fÆsf] k|s[ofåf/f ju{e]bsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ k|efjsf/L dfWodsf ?kdf Jofks agfP/ nluof] .

    dfcf] eGg'x'G5– æsf/vfgfdf ;+3if{–cfnf]rgf tyf v08g–?kfGt/0fsf] sfd s'n ldnfP/ oL r/0fx?af6 cufl8 a9\b5M . lqkIfLo ;+>ojfnf qmflGtsf/L sld6L agfpg' hgJofkL cfnf]rgf tyf v08g ug'{, ju{k+lQmx?nfO{ z'4 ug'{, kf6L{ ;+u7gnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg' / k|zf;lgs 9f“rfnfO{ k|efjsf/L tyf ;/n agfpg', cg'lrt lgod k4ltx?nfO{ ablnlbg' / sfof{nox?df sfd ug]{ dflg;x?nfO{ sfo{zfnfx?df k7fpg' .Æ of] tl/sfnfO{ s'g} sf/vfgfdf dq x}g ;a} If]qx?df lzIf0f ;+:yf hgsDo'g / pTkfbgsf x/]s OsfO{x?df Jofks agfOof] .

    sfo{stf{x?n] >d sfo{df efu lng] / ju{;+3if{, pTkfbg ;+3if{ / j}1flgs k|of]usf tLg dxfg\ qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ ;zQm agfpg]af/] dfcf]]n] klxn]b]lv g} hf]8 lb+b} cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . k/Gt' dxfg\ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] a]nf oL sfdx?nfO{ cem} ;zQm ?kdf cufl8 a9fOof] . kf6L{ g]t[Tj / ;j{xf/f /fhgLltsf] sdf08df ;+rflnt pko'{Qm cfGbf]ngx?n] of]hgfa4 ;dfhjfbL cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f, ju{;DaGwx?sf] ?kfGt/0f / ;fDojfbsf] nIotkm{ cl3 a9\gsf nflu pNn]vgLo e"ldsf lgjf{x u/] . s[lifdf tfrfO / pBf]udf tflrËaf6 l;Sg] dfGotf :yflkt eof] .

    ;ftf}+M j}rfl/s, efjgfTd tyf ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] k|Zg . of] JolQmut ;DklQ / ju{e]bdf cfwfl/t ljrf/, ljZjb[li6sf]0f / ;+:s[ltsf lj?4 ;j{xf/f ljrf/, ljZj b[li6sf]0f / ;+:s[ltnfO{ :yflkt ub}{ cl3 a9\g] bL3[sfnLg ;+3if{sf] k|Zg xf] . dfcf]n] …gof“ hgjfbÚ, …o]gfg jftf{Ú b]lv o; k|Zgdf lgs} hf]8 lb+b} cfpg' ePsf] 5 . of] Pp6f z'l4s/0f cfGbf]ng klg xf] h'g dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] ?kdf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . of] c;To, v/fa, s'?k, ljiffn' emf/kft, k"“hLjfbL tyf ;+zf]wgjfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0fsf lj?4 ;To, c;n, ;'Gb/, ;'ulGwt km"nx? tyf ;j{xf/fjfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0fsf] ljhosf] kIfdf ;+rflnt ;+3if{sf] k|Zg xf] .

    ;f]x| ;"qLo ;s'{n/df elgPsf] 5– ækf6L{leq 5b\d?kdf 3';]sf ljlzi6 a'h'{jf k|ltlglwx? / ljlzi6 k|lts[ofjfbL a'h'{jf Ps]8]lds …clwsf/L ljåfgx?Úsf] cfnf]rgf cfof]lht ug'{kb{5 / o;df bz{gzf:q, Oltxf;, /fhg}lts cy{zf:q / lzIffdf tyf ;flxTo snfsf s[ltx? Pj+ l;4fGtx?df k|fs[lts lj1fgsf l;4fGtx?df / c? If]qdf ljBdfg ljljw k|sf/sf k|ltlqmofjfbL ljrf/x?sf] klg cfnf]rgf ;fd]n x'g' kb{5 .Æ

    ^ dO{ !(^^ sf] ;s'{n/df elgPsf] 5– æ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] dxfg\ em08fnfO{ dfly p7fpg'xf];\ ljBfWofgsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ kf6L{ tyf ;dfhjfb lj/f]wL tyfslyt w'/Gw/ ljåfgx?sf] k|lts[ofjfbL k"“hLjfbL c8fgsf] k"/} kbf{kmf; ug'{xf];\, ljBfWoog, lzIff, kqsfl/tf, ;flxTo ty snf / k|sfzgsf If]qx?df k|lts[ofjfbL k"“hLjfbL ljrf/x?sf] cfnf]rgf / ltgsf] v08g ;Dk"0f{?kn] ug'{xf];\ / oL ;f+:s[lts If]qx?df g]t[Tjsf] clwsf/ l5Gg'xf];\ .Æ

    rLg ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsfndf kf6L{, ;Qf, ;]gf / ;f+:s[lts k|lti7fgdf 3';]sf k|ltqmflGtsf/L k"“hLjfb kGyLx? / slyt Ps]8]lds ljåfgx?n] qmflGtsf] lj/f]w / k|ltqmflGtsf] kIfdf cg]sf}+ j}rfl/s k|b'if0fx? km}nfpg] sfd ub}{ cfPsf lyP . To;k|sf/sf j}rfl/s k|b'if0fsf] lj/f]w tyf v08g ug'{, tL k"“hLjfb kGyLx?nfO{ kbaf6 x6fpg' / qmflGtsf] ljhosf nflu qmflGtsf/L ljrf/x?sf] hgJofkL k|rf/k|;f/ ug'{ clgjfo{ ePsf] lyof] . o; lglDt æ;+3if{–cfnf]rgf tyf v08g–?kfGt/0fÆÆsf] k4lt canDjg ul/of] .

    k"“hLjfb kGyL k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx? / slyt w'/Gw/ ljåfgx?n] hg;d'bfonfO{ lk5l8Psf] eGb} x]Kg], pgLx?nfO{ d'v{ tyf c1fgL b]Vg] / cfkm"nfO{ dxfg= a'emSs8 7fGg] ub{y] . pgLx? sGkm\o'l;ogjfbL dfGotf cg'?k clkm;/ aGgsf nflu kf6L{df nfUg] / cfTdpTyfg ug'{kg]{ s'/fsf] k|rf/ ub{y] . pgLx? ju{;+3if{, qmflGt / dfcf]ljrf/wf/fsf lj?4 slyt pTkfbstf, d'gfkmf, ef}lts pTk|]/0ff, juL{o d]n ldnfk, zflGtk"0f{ ljsf; / lgdf{0f h:tf s'/fdf hf]8 lb+b} ;dfhjfbL rLgnfO{ clttlt/ kmsf{pg / k|ltqmflGt ug{ rfxGy] . pgLx?sf] ;f]leot ;+zf]wgjfbL u2f/x?;+u 3lgi7 ;fOgf] lyof] . pgLx?n] ;RrfOsf ;fd' ;a} a/fa/ x'G5g\ eGb} ju{;+3if{sf] cGtj{:t'dfly kbf{ xfNg] / slyt dfgj :jefjsf] k"“hLjfbL pbf/tfjfbdf abg / v'n]/ s'/f ug]{ gfddf ljiffn' ljrf/x?sf] k|b'if0f km}nfpg k"/} s;/t ub{y] . pgLx?sf] k'/f hf]8 oL ;a} sfdsf lglDt lzIff, ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt ;lxtsf k|lti7fgx?df cfkm\gf] psnf}6L x}sd hdfpg' / Toxf“ ;j{xf/f ju{sf qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ l5g}{ glbg' lyof] . of] l:yltdf tL k"“hLjfb kGyL slyt w'/Gw/ ljåfgx?nfO{ ax;df ;d]t tfls{s ?kn] k5fb}{ tyf ;QfRo"t ub}{ tL k|lti7fgx? ;lxt ;a} If]qdf ;j{xf/fju{sf qmflGtsf/Lx? / jfdkGyLx?nfO{ :yflkt ug'{ lgtfGt h?/L lyof] .

    dfcf]n] af/Daf/ s'g s'/fdf hf]8 lb+b} cfpg' ePsf] lyof] eg] hg;d'bfo g} jf:tljs gfos x'G5g\, xfdL k|fozM c1fgL / s]6fs]6L x'G5f}+, ;a} a'l4dQf hg;d'bfoaf6 cfp“5 / o; dfldnfdf a'l4hLjLx? Hofb} c1fgLx'G5g\ . slyt lgdf{0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lb+b} cfkm"nfO{ lgs} tfls{s / af}l4s a'h|'s b]vfpg] tL æw'/Gw/ ljåfgx?ÆnfO{ dfcf]sf] o; k|sf/sf] dfGotf cg'?k ax;df k5fg'{ lyof] . ;+3if{–cfnf]rgf tyf v08g–?kfGt/0fsf] jf:tljs dd{ oxL lyof] . dfcf]n] eGg' ePsf] lyof]– æljWj+; ljgf lgdf{0f x'g ;St}g . ljWj+;sf] cy{ xf] – cfnf]rgf / v08g, o;sf] cy{ xf] – qmflGt . To;sf nflu ts{sf] cfjZostf kb{5 / ts{ :jo+ cfkm}df Ps lgdf{0f sfo{ xf] . klxnf] ljWj+; g} x'g'kb{5 / ljWj+;sf] k|s[ofsf] qmddf lgdf{0f :jfefljs ?kn] x'“b} hfG5 .Æ

    jf:tjdf j}rfl/s, efjgfTds / ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] sfd lgs} hl6n / uDeL/ sfd xf] . o; ;Gbe{df ;j{k|yd k'/fgf dfGotf / k4ltsf lj?4 gof“ dfGotf / k4lt :yflkt ug{ h?/L x'G5 . ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] gof“ dfGotf xf]– clzlIft / u/La eg]/ clxn];Dd x]lkb} cfPsf] tNnf] ju{, >lds hg;d'bfo g} jf:tljs cy{df k|ultsf] ;+jfxs / a'l4dfg xf] eGg] s'/f dfGg' . To:t} ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] gof“ k4lt xf]– k'/fgf ljrf/ / ju{sf lj?4 ljWj+;, qmflGt / cfd"n u'0ffTds 5nfË . P+u]N;n] O+uNof08sf] rrf{ ub}{ eGg' ePsf] lyof]– s'g} ju{ ;dfhdf hlQ g} tn x'G5, Tof] hlQ g} …clzlIftÚ dflgG5, TolQ g} a9L 3lgi7tfsf ;fy Tof] k|ult;+u hf]l8Psf] x'G5, To;sf] eljio TolQ g} dxfg\ x'G5, ;fdfGotof ;d:t qmflGtsf/L o'ux?sf] oxL g} nIf0f xf] . 7Ls o;} cy{df dfcf]n] hg;d'bfonfO{ ;f“Rr}sf] gfos / a'l4dfgsf ?kdf k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . 7Ls o;}sf/0f xfdLn] ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] gof“ dfGotfsf ?kdf tNnf] ju{, clzlIft dflgg] >lds hg;d'bfonfO{ k|ultsf] ;+jfxs, o'ugfos / a'l4dfg dfg]/ rNg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . o;}u/L k4ltsf] If]qdf klg sGkm\o'l;o;jfbL clt{ pkb]z, cfTdpTyfg / zflGtjfbL tl/sfsf lj?4 ljWj+; / qmflGtsf] tl/sf cjnDag ug'{ clgjfo{ x'G5 . hg;d'bfonfO{ x]Kg] / hg;d'bfosf] k|ltef s'l07t ug]{x?nfO{ Wj:t gkfl/sg hg;d'bfosf] l;h{gzLn Ifdtf hfu[t x'g} ;St}g . hg;d'bfosf] l;h{gzLn k|ltef hfu[t ug{ / >d pTkfbstf a9fpgsf nflu slyt pTkfbstfdf a[l4 x}g ljWj+; / qmflGt g} k|fylds dxTjsf] x'G5 . o; lglDt ;+zf]wgjfbL slyt w'/Gw/ ljåfgx?, h'g hgtfsf] k|ltefsf] ljsf; / ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] nflu tuf/f] aGb} cfPsf 5g\, nfO{ Wj:t kfg'{ clgjfo{ x'G5 .

    dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] cjlwdf pkl/;+/rgfsf ;du| If]qdf ef}ltsjfbsf] ;hLj / l;h{gzLn k|of]u ub}{ æ;+3if{–cfnf]rgf tyf v08g–?kfGt/0fÆsf] k4lt cjnDag ul/of] . o; ;Gbe{df ufp“, zx/, snsf/vfgf, lzIf0f ;+:yf, cg';Gwfg If]q, hgsDo'g, kf6L{, ;]gf, hgjuL{o tyf ;Qfsf ;+u7g ;a} 7fp“df a}7s /fVg], uDeL/ ljjfb / ax; rnfpg], 7"nf kf]i6/x? 6f“:g] h:tf ljljw sfo{qmdx?sf] cf“wLj]x/L >[li6 ul/of] . oxf“ dfcf]n] af/Daf/ eGb} cfpg' ePem}+– æs]Gb|Lotf / hgjfb, cg'zf;g / :jtGqtf, ;+sNksf] Pstf / lrQ k|zGgtf– b'j}nfO{Æ ;hLjtfk"j{s canDag ug]{ /fhgLlts jftfj/0fsf] ;[li6 ul/of] . ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] of] k|lqmofnfO{ uDeL/ jfbljjfb, v'nf / :ki6 ax;, tYo / ts{k"0f{ cfnf]rgf / ;zQm v08gsf aLraf6 cl3 a9fOof] . of] vfnL k|rf/ / lj/f]wdf dfq ;Lldt /x]g . o;n] k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ g+Uofpg], ltgnfO{ sfjf{xL  ckb:y ug]{, kf6L{, ;Qf tyf ;f+:s[lts k|lti7fg ;lxtsf ;+:yf / ;+u7gx?sf] z'b[9Ls/0f, kgu{7g tyf z'l4s/0f ug]{, k|zf;lgs 9f“rfx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L tyf ;/n agfpg], >lds hgtfsf] sfddf tuf/f] ag]sf lgod sfg"gx?nfO{ abNg], Jofks ?kdf tLg ;+>odf cfwfl/t qmflGtsf/L sld6Lx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{, ljBfyL{ / a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ ufp“ / zx/sf >d sfo{x?df k7fpg], sfof{nodf a;]/ x's'd k|df+uL ug]{ nf6 ;fx]ax?nfO{ sf/vfgf / sfo{zfnfx?df sfd ug{ k7fpg] / >lds hgtf tyf ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ z}lIfs, Ps]8]lds / ;f+:s[lts ;+:yfgx?df :yflkt ug]{ h:tf pNn]vgLo sfdx?nfO{ ;zQm ?kdf cufl8 a9fpb} nUof] . oxf“ ljkl/tx?sf] ;+3if{sf] ljZn]if0f dfq x}g ;+Zn]if0f klg ul/of] . oxf“ k"“hLjfb kGyLx? / slyt æw'/Gw/ ljåfgx?ÆnfO{ k5fg]{, lgNg] / krfpg] sfd klg ul/of] / x/]s If]qdf æ;+3if{–cnf]rgf tyf v08g–?kfGt/0fÆsf] k|s[ofaf6 gof“ cfwf/df gof“ Pstf xfl;n ug]{ sfdnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] cl3 a9fOof] . jf:tjdf of] >lds hgtfdf ljBdfg /rgfTds phf{sf] k|jfx / k|ltefnfO{ hfu/ u/L ;r]t ?kdf cfjZostfsf] /fHoaf6 :jtGqtfsf] /fHodf 5nfË xfGg] Ps o'ufGtsf/L sbd lyof] .

lgisif{ M

    ca xfdL dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf bfz{lgs dfGotfx?af6 l;Sg' kg]{ d'Vo kf7x?sf] rrf{tkm{ nfuf}+ . dfcf]sf] !(&^ df lgwg eP kZrft\ rLgdf k|ltqmflGt eof] . rLgsf k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?n] rLgL ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] !(%&–!(&^ sf] cjlwnfO{ æpu|jfdkGyL ljrf/wf/f xfjL /x]sf] dxfljgfzsf] cjlwÆ atfP / dxfg\ cu|jtL{ 5nfË, hgsDo'gsf] :yfkgf, ;dfhjfbL lzIff cfGbf]ng, dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt h:tf slyt æpTkfbs zlQmx?sf] ljsf;Æsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL l;4fGtnfO{ cufl8 ;f/] . t]Ë lzofcf] lkËn] eGof]– æpTkfbs zlQmx?sf] ljsf;sf] lgif]w u/]/ dfcf]n] uDeL/ uNtL u/] .Æ pTkfbs zlQmx?sf] ljsf; g} dfS;{jfbsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt xf] .Æ oBlk ?; nufot rLg ;lxtsf ;dfhjfbL b]zx?df klg o;/L k|ltqmflGt eP t/ tL Oltxf;sf Ifl0fs / c:yfoL 36gf dfq x'g\ . oL 36gfn] dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] dxTjnfO{ 36fpg] geO{ emg} a9fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . o; cy{df xfdLn] dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtaf6 cg]sf}+ d"Nojfg kf7x? l;Sg h?/L 5, tL kf7x? ;+lIfKtdf oL x'g\–

    klxnf] s'/f M sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ffkq b]lv dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt;Dd cfp“bf ;j{xf/f ju{sf] qmflGtsf/L ljrf/wf/f dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] PsLs[t ;dli6df ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ cfhsf] o'udf dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] ;f/tTjnfO{m ju{;+3if{, hgo'4, ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tf / dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf l;4fGtx?sf] ;dli6df a'em\g' kb{5 .

    bf]>f] M cfhsf] o'udf qmflGtsf] ljsf; / ljhosf nflu ;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfb, kmfl;jfb / ;a}vfn] k|lts[ofjfbsf lj?4 dfq x}g ;fdflhs ;fd|fHojfb, ;fdflhs kmfl;jfb / k|ltlqmofjfbdf kl/0ft eO;s]sf] ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{ klg lrGg' tyf k/f:t ub}{ hfg'nfO{ clgjfo{ zt{sf ?kdf c+lusf/ ug'{ cfjZos 5 . lsgeg] cfhsf] o'udf hgtfsf] ;fd' gf+lub} tyf k/flht x'“b} uPsf] k|ltlqmofjfb ;+zf]wgjfbsf ?kdf k'ghL{ljt ePsf] 5 / o; k|sf/sf] ;+zf]wgjfb k|ltlqmofjfbsf] /Iff sjr aGg uPsf] 5 .

    t]>f] s'/f M dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] d'Vo /0f:ynL xf]– ;fdflhs ;DaGwdf qmflGt . ;dflhs ;DaGwdf qmflGtsf] cy{ xf]– pTkfbg ;DaGw, ju{;DaGw / ljrf/wf/fsf] If]qdf qmflGt . pTkfbgsf] If]qdf qmflGt ug]{, lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u u/L pTkfbs zlQmx?sf] ljsf; ug]{, pBf]usf] cfw'lgsLs/0f ug]{ h:tf s'/f t k"“hLklt / ;+zf]wgjfbLx? klg ub{5g\ . t/ o;af6 Psflt/ JolQmut d'gfkmfsf nflu k|lt:kwf{, pTkfbgdf c/fhstf tyf ;+s6 k}bf x'G5 eg] csf]{lt/ pTkfbgdf jf:tljs cy{df ljsf; klg x'g ;St}g / o;/L ;fDojfbdf k'Ug ;lsg] s'/} cfp“b}g . o;sf] pN6f] ha pTkfbgsf ;d:t ;fwgx?sf] ;fdfhls/0f u/L ;dfhjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGw :yflkt ul/G5, ha JolQmut :jfldTjdf cfwfl/t k'/fgf] ju{;DaGwnfO{ Wj:t kf/L go“f ju{;DaGw sfod ul/G5 / k'/fgf] ljrf/wf/fsf lj?4 gof“ ljrf/wf/f ljsl;t ul/G5 Tof l:yltdf ;fDojfbdf hfgsf nflu ef}lts tyf j}rfl/s cfwf/ tof/ x'“b} hfG5 . o; cy{df pTkfbg xf]Og d'VotM pTkfbg ;DaGwdf qmflGt ug'{ ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] k|d'v sfo{ef/ aGg hfG5 . oxL sfo{ef/ ;+zf]wgjfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0f lgd"{n ug]{ dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] k|d'v p2]Zodf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtnfO{ xfdLn] pTkfbg ;DaGwdf qmflGt, pkl/;+/rgfsf ;f+u7lgs tyf j}rfl/s b'j} If]qd qmflGtsf cy{df a'em\g' cfjZos 5 .

    rf}yf] s'/f M dfcf]n] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] ;fj{ef}d ;TonfO{ rLgL qmflGtsf] ljlzi6tfdf k|of]u ug]{ s'/fdfly ljz]if hf]8 lbb} cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . oxf“g]/ xfdLn] dfcf]åf/f k|:t't of] …k|of]uÚ zAbnfO{ /fd|f];+u a'em\g h?/L 5 . oxf“ …k|of]uÚ zAbsf b'O{ cy{ 5g\ . of] k|of]u Psflt/ h8;"qjfb, cg'ejjfb, ;+zf]wgjfb, ;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHofjfb tyf ;dflhs ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf] aLrdf ePsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;fj{ef}d ;Tosf] ljsl;t gof“ l;4fGt cyf{t\ dfcf]jfbdf klg cleJoQm x'g k'u]sf] 5 . ;fj{ef}d ;Tosf] ljlzi7tfdf k|of]u :jo+ ljkl/tx?sf] PsTj xf] . o;af6 xfdLn] s] s'/f a'em\g h?/L 5 eg] qmflGtsf] l;4fGtsf] k|of]u Psflt/ ;+3if{sf aLraf6 x'G5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;+3if{sf] k|lqmofsf] kl/0ffdsf ?kdf To; k|sf/sf] l;4fGtsf] u'0ffTds ljsf; klg x'G5 . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] k|of]usf aLraf6 dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] ljsf; x'gnfO{ xfdLn] o;/L g} a'em\g' kb{5 .

    oBlk ju{b'Zdgsf lj?4sf] hLjgd/0fsf] nfdf] P]ltxfl;s cjlwsf] ju{;+3if{df clxn] ljZj;j{xf/f ju{n] ef}lts ?kdf t cjZo} xf/]sf] 5, t/ of] xf/ Ifl0fs xf] / o; xf/af6 p;n] qmflGtsf cg]sf}+ gof“ kf7x? l;St} uO/x]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf cfh ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{ ;}4flGts ?kdf klxn] eGbf s}of}+ u'0ff ;d[4 / ljhoL ;d]t aGg uPsf] 5 . cfh ;fd|fHojfbL / k|ltlqmofjfbLx? uDeL/ ljrf/wf/fTds tyf ;f+:s[lts ;+s6df km:t} uO/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] æljrf/wf/fsf] cGtÆ, æOltxf;sf] cGtÆsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{ cfkm\gf] r/d lg/fzfjfbL dfgl;stfsf] kl/ro lbO/x]sf 5g\ . k/Gt' csf]{lt/ ljZj ;j{xf/fju{sf] cfh dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf ?kdf cfkm\gf] l;4fGtnfO{ ljsl;t ug{ k'u]sf] 5 / of] ju{ qmflGtsf/L cfzfjfbn] ;d[4 5 . ;f/df eGg' kbf{ cfh k"“hLklt ju{n] sfo{gLlts ?kdf lht]/ klg /0fgLlts ?kdf xfl/;s]sf] 5, t/ ;j{xf/fju{n] eg] sfo{gLlts ?kdf xfg'{ k/] klg /0fgLlts ?kdf ljhosf] ;lGgs6 k'Ub} uO/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]n] ;a} k|ltlqmofjfbL tyf ;fd|fHojfbLx?nfO{ sfo{gLlts ?kdf ;f“Rr}sf af3 3P klg /0fgLlts ?kdf sfuhL af3 atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . of] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] /fd|f];+u a'em\g h?/L 5 .

    cfh g]kfn / ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf ;d]t dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt;Dd ljsl;t dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf lzIffx?nfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ jf gug]{, dfcf]sf of]ubfgx?nfO{ dfcf]jfbsf ?kdf c+lusf/ ug]{ jf gug]{ eGg] ljifodf uDeL/ ljjfb rln/x]sf] 5 / oxL g} cfh ljZje/ qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6x? tyf ;+zf]wgjfbLx?aLrsf] cGt/nfO{ 5'6\ofpg] k|d'v s;L aGg uPsf] 5 . xfd|f] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;lxt qmflGtsf/L cGt/f{li6«otfjfbL cfGbf]ng -l/d_ df ;+nUg kf6L{ tyf ;+u7gx? pko'{Qm lzIffx? ;lxt dfcf]jfbnfO{ c+lusf/ ug{ k'u]sf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} ljZjsf s}of}+ kf6L{ tyf ;+u7gx? Tof] lbzfdf uDeL/tfk"j{s ;+nUg aGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ . cfh dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] l;4fGtn] ;d[4 rf}yf] cGt/f{li6«osf] lgdf{0f ug]{ lbzfdf ljZjsf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ tyf ;+u7gx? lg/Gt/ lqmofzLn aGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ .

    xfd|f] kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] ;}4flGts kyk|bz{gdf dxfg\ hgo'4sf aLraf6 o;} ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtsf] k|of]udf ;+nUg aGb} cfPsf] 5 . xfd|f] of] k|of]u v'nf ju{b'Zdgsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf aLraf6 df x}g, cfkm"nfO{ sDo'lgi6 egfpg] ;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf] aLraf6 klg eO/x]sf] 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] kxn ug'{ cl3 / otf klg ;+zf]wgjfb eg]sf] jf:tjdf k|ltlqmofjfbsf] csf]{ ?k / /Iffsjr xf] eGg] s'/f g]kfnL wtL{df klg /fd|f];+u k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 . ca xfdLn] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] ;fj{ef}d ;TonfO{ k'/fgf / gof“ ju{b'Zdgsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf aLraf6 l;h{gfTds 9+un] k|of]u ub}{ To;sf] ljsf; ;d]t ug{ h?/L 5 .

d'Vo ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? M

!= dfS;{–P+u]N;–n]lgg–åGbfTds ef}ltsjfb, P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb .

@= dfcf]– bz{gaf/] kf“r s[ltx? .

#= dfcf] – Talk to people

$= dxfg\ ljjfb

%= Three Mahor Struggles on China's Philosophical Front (1949-64)

^= dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf -!(^^ dO{ / * cu:tsf_ b'O{ ;s'{n/x? .

&= /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] zf+3fO 6]S; a's .

*= dfcf] :dfl/sf .

d'Vok[i7 .. k'/fgf c+sx? .. ;Dks{ M janadesh@hotmail.com