hgo'4, snfTds l;h{gf / k|r08kysf] ;f}Gbo{zf:q
r}tGo
!– ljifo k|j]zM
g]kfndf ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 gof“ hgjfbL
u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf u/L ;dfhjfb x'“b} ;fDojfb tkm{ cufl8 a9\g] dxfg\ p2]Zon]
g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf ! kmfu'g @)%@ b]lv ;~rflnt hgo'4n] cf7 jif{
kf/ u/L gjf}+ jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . clxn] dxfg\ hgo'4 /0fgLlts ;Gt'ng /
k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] 5 . of] cf7 jif{sf cjlwdf dxfg\
hgo'4n] ;fdflhs hLjg / r]tgfsf] If]qdf ef/L pyn k'yn k}bf u/]sf] 5 .
k|:t't n]vdf
hgo'4åf/f pb\3fl6t gof“ oyfy{, To;sf] snfTds k|ltlaDag / ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] If]qdf
k|r08kyåf/f ePsf] ljsf;af/] ;+lIfKt ?kdf rrf{ ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
@– gof“ oyfy{sf] pb\3f6gM
dxfg\ hgo'4sf aLraf6 g]kfnL wtL{df gof“ oyfy{sf] pb\3f6g
ePsf] 5 . cf7 jif{sf] cjlwdf k'/fgf] d/0fzLn oyfy{ / gof“ hLjgzLn oyfy{aLr
eLif0f ju{o'4 rNb} cfPsf] 5 . of] k|lqmofdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / ;xof]uL
;+u7gx?dfly slyt cft+sjfbsf] cf/f]k nufOPsf] 5 . hg;d'bfosf ;fy} /fhgLlts,
kmf}hL tyf ;f“:s[lts kmf“6 / ljleGg df]rf{df ;+3if{/t emG8} cf7 xhf/ hlt jL/
of]4fx?n] zxfbt k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . hgjfb, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf / n]vs
snfsf/x?sf] cleJolQm :jtGqtfdfly eLif0f wfjf af]lnPsf] 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf]
bdgsf nflu j}b]lzs k|ltlqmofjfb d'VotM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] gf+uf] x:tIf]k
tLj| ?kdf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kysf]
lgb]{zgdf b'Zdgsf oL bdg cleofg / r'gf}ltx?nfO{ k/f:t ub}{ dxfg\ hgo'4 tLj|td
5nf+usf ?kdf ljsl;t x'“b} u}/x]sf] 5 .
of] cf7 jif{sf]
cjlwdf ljzfn u|fdL0f Onfsfx?df k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] Wj+; / gof“ /fHo;Qfsf]
lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof ;zQm 9+un] cufl8 a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ufp“ / lhNnf x'“b}
k|fb]lzs :JffoQ hg ;/sf/x?sf] lgdf{0f e} ;s]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f Onfsfx?df
ljsf; / lgdf{0fsf sfdx? ;DkGg x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . lxGb' wd{sf] k|e'Tj / /fhtGqsf
;fy} hftLo, If]qLo, lnuL+o pTkL8g / hft kft h:tf e]befjsf lj?4 wd{ lg/k]Iftf,
u0ftGq, :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / kf/:kl/s ;b\efjdf cfwfl/t /xL hgtfn] hgjfbsf]
cEof;sf] k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fO/x]sf 5g\ . k'/fgf ;f“:s[lts d"Nox?sf]
lj36g / gof“ ;f“:s[lts d"Nox?sf] ;+36gsf] k|lqmof zfgbf/ ?kdf ljsl;t x'“b}
u}/x]sf] 5 . k|r08kysf] gof“ ljrf/ hlGdPsf] 5 . gof“ ljrf/sf]
lgb]{zgdf gof“ 9+usf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, gof“ 9+usf] hg;]gf, gof“ 9+usf] ;+o'Qm
df]rf{, gof“ ;Qf / gof“ ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f x'“b} u}/x]sf] 5 . clxn] /fhgLlts,
cfly{s / ;f“:s[lts ?kdf gof“ g]kfnsf] ;'Gb/ dfglrq tof/ aGb} u}/x]sf]
5 .
#– snfTds l;h{gzLntfM
g]kfnL ;dfhdf
d/0fzLn oyfy{ / hLjgzLn oyfy{sf aLr rNb} cfPsf] of] ju{o'4 ;flxTo / snfdf ;zQm
?kdf k|ltlalDat x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . of] k|lqmofdf ljleGg wf/fx?aLrsf] j}rfl/s
;+3if{ lgs} tLj| aGb} uPsf] 5 / of] ;+3if{df k|ultjfb cu|k+lQmdf /x]sf] 5
. ca ;j{k|yd k|ultjfb / To;sf] ;xof]uL wf/fsf] rrf{af6} laifonfO{ cufl8
a9fcf}+ .
sljtfsf] If]qdf
Psflt/ klxn]b]lv n]Vt} cfPsf k|ultzLn sljx?sf] Pp6f ljzfn lx:;f s[ofzLn /x]sf]
5 eg] csf]{lt/ k|z:t} gof“ sljx?sf] klg pbo x'“b} uPsf] 5 . oL b'j}
k':tfsf k}+tL; hgf sljx?sf sljtfsf] ;+o'Qm ;+sngsf ?kdf æ;dsfnLg g]kfnL sljtfÆ
-@)%&_ k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . of] cjlwdf s[i0f ;]g æOR5'sÆ sf] æOltxf;sf]
o; 38LdfÆ -@)%%_ tyf æaGbL / rGb|flul/Æ -@)%&_, dl0f yfkfsf] æalu/x]sf] ;'g
sf]zLÆ -@)%*_, u+uf >]i7sf] æd k|ltw|'jLo ofqLÆ -@)%%_ tyf æh"gsf]
b]zaf6Æ -@)%&_, O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnLsf] æo;/L b]z dl//x]5Æ -@)%(_, kf]if/fh
kf}8]nsf] æzxLb ufyfÆ -@)%*_, lbn
;fxgLsf] ælkmln+ufÆ -@)%&_, nf]s]Gb|
lji6sf] æ/utsf] Oltxf;Æ -@)^)_, clgn zdf{sf] ædgsf vf8nx?Æ -@)^)_ cflb sljtf
;+u|xx? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . k|ultjfb / o;sf] ;xof]uL wf/fsf k"0f{
lj/fd, ;To kxf8L, u0f]z e08f/L, cfx'lt, dft[sf kf]v|/]n, aneb| ef/tL,
k"0f{ j}B, /fhefO hsdL, :g]x ;fogL, /fh s'df/ s]=;L= cflb sljx?sf] o;
If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /lxcfPsf] 5 .
syfsf] If]qdf
of] cjlwdf dxTjk"0f{ pknlAwx? xfl;n ul/Psf 5g\ . 3gZofd 9sfnsf]
æcfhsf] dxfef/tÆ-@)%%_, Clif/fh a/fnsf æjg dfG5]sf] syfÆ -@)%$_ tyf æ;}Go
pkxf/Æ-@)%*_, /f]lxt bfxfnsf] æO:kftn] ag]sf dfG5]x?Æ-@)%^_, k'Go sfsL{sf]
ædvdnLÆ-@)%^_, lj/xLsf] æcghfg lj/xLsf syfx?Æ-@)%%_, ;L=kL= uh'/]nsf]
æk|lt/f]wÆ-@)^)_, u+uf >]i7sf ædxf;d/sf ofqLx?Æ -@)%^_ nufotsf syf ;+u|xx?
k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .
cg'e"lt–;+:d/0f,
n]v / lgaGwsf] If]qdf klg of] cjlw cToGt} phf{zLn /x]sf] 5 .
cg'e"lt–;+:d/0fsf] If]qsf pknlAwx?nfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbO{ snd -;flxlTos
q}dfl;s_ n] k"0ff{+s !* ;+:d/0f ljz]if c+s k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . ;f]
c+sdf zlQm nD;fn, ;L=kL= uh'/]n, efis/, j;Gt kf]v|]n, u+uf >]i7, k|Hhj,
rlDsnf] tf/f, /fh]Gb| yfkf æk|jfxÆ, k"0f{ axfb'/ clwsf/L, sjLGb| /fh zdf{,
gjLg ;+3if{ nufotsf n]vssf /rgfx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . of] If]qdf s[i0f b]j
ofbjsf] klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . olQdfq xf]Og of]
ljwfnfO{ hgfb]z, hgcfx\jfg, hgcfjfh nufotsf ;fKtflxs klqsfx?sf ;fy} cGo ljljw
k|sfzgx?n] ljz]if dxTj lb+b} cfPsf 5g\ . o;}
k|lqmofdf uf]kLGb| kf}8]nsf] æsd/]8df gfp“ bl/PgÆ-@)%&_, k|]d ;'wfsf]
æk|ltalGwt sndÆ -@)^)_ nufotsf lgaGw ;+u|xx? klg k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .
of] cjlwsf]
clGtdlt/ cfp“bf pkGof; n]vgsf] If]qdf klg k|ult x'g yfn]sf] b]lvG5 .
3gZofd 9sfnåf/f /lrt æ/ftf] cfsfzÆ -@)^)_ / u+uf >]i7sf] æHjfnfd'vLdflysf]
ofqfÆ -@)^)_ pkGof;x? k|sflzt e};s]sf 5g\ .
uLt tyf ;+uLtsf]
/rgf / ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ug]{ sfddf s]Gb|Lo ?kdf ;fdgf kl/jf/ / :yfgLo
?kdf ljleGg kl/jf/x?af6 dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfpg] sfd ePsf]
5 . o;} k|lqmofdf lIflth kl/jf/ u08sLaf6 æo'usf] cfjfhÆ tyf æo'4 d}bfgÆ,
kl/j]z kl/jf/ /fKtLaf6 æPs} /ftdf wtL{ xlNnof]Æ tyf æca l5§} xfd|f] cfwf/ If]q
aGb}5Æ, ;]g–RofË kl/jf/ sf7df8f}+af6 æPSsfO;f}}+ ztfAbLsf] hgo'4Æ, z}n'Ë kl/jf/
hgsk'/af6 æd'lQmo'4sf w'gx?Æ, s]Gb|Lo ;fdgf kl/jf/af6 æ/ftf] 3fdÆ qmflGtsf/L
uLlt Sof;]6x? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} æl;:g]Æ, æhnhnfÆ, æk|lt/f]wÆ,
æd'lQm o'4sf w'gx?Æ / dfOnf nfdfsf] æ/ftf dfG5]x?Æ -@)^)_, nufotsf uLlt ;+sngx?
klg k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . of] If]qnfO{ pj{/ agfpg]df dl0f yfkf, lxtdfg zfSo,
v'zL/fd kflv|g, k"0f{ 3tL{, dfOnf nfdf, s'ndfg du/, r'Gg' u'?+u, h'un,
8L=aL= yfkf, ;Togf/fo0f eut cflbsf] ljz]if e"ldsf /lxcfPsf] 5 . ;fy},
ljleGg snfsf/x?af6 b]zsf ljleGg efux?df ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd k|:t't ug]{ k|lqmofdf
;fgf gf6s / ljleGg k|sf/sf cf]k]/fx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd klg ePsf] 5 . of]
If]qdf hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf ;f“:s[lts l6dx?n] klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf
lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ;+:s[ltwf/L ;]gf / aGb"swf/L ;]gfsf aLr
/fd|f] Pstf sfod /lxcfPsf] 5 .
of] gof“
oyfy{nfO{ pb\3fl6t u/L ;flxTo l;h{gf ug]{ sfo{df sf/fuf/df aGbL agfOPsf
of]4fx?sf] klg ljz]if e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . l;Gw'nL h]ndf /x]sf u+uf
>]i7, /fdaxfb'/ /fodfemL / an/fd ltldlN;gfåf/f /lrt ;+o'Qm sljtf;+u|x
ætfgfzfxnfO{ k|ZgÆ -@)%#_ of] cjlwsf] klxnf] s[lt xf] . o;} k|lqmofdf
l;Gw'nL h]naf6 æaGbL cfjfhÆ -@)%$_, /f]Nkf sf/fuf/af6 æhl~h/n] af“lwPsf xftx?Æ
-@)%$_, sf7df8f}+sf] s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/af6 æaGbL cfjfhÆ -@)%%_, uf]vf{ h]naf6
ækvf{nleqsf l;h{gfx? -@)%^_, / s]Gb|Lo dlxnf aGbL u[x sf7df8f}+af6 ækvf{nleqsf
;Gb]zÆ -@)%&_ cflb klqsf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .
of] cjlwdf
/lrPsf o; k|sf/sf clwsf+z s[ltx?n] ;dfhjfbL oyfy{jfbnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ hgo'4åf/f
gof“ oyfy{sf ?kdf ;fdflhs hLjg, hg;d'bfo / 5fkfdf/ of]4fx?sf ljrf/ /
cg'e"ltx?nfO{ snfTds ?kdf k|ltlaDag ug]{ sfddf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf
lgjf{x u/]sf 5g\ . logn] kmfl;jfbL pTkL8g / tdfd k|sf/sf s'?ktfx?sf ;fy}
;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfb / ;+zf]wgjfbsf] tLj| lj/f]w / hgo'4 tyf hg;d'bfoåf/f
v]lnPsf Tofu, jL/tf / alnbfgsf ufyfx?sf] b[9 kIfkf]if0f ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
oL /rgfx?df hgo'4df ;+nUg jL/ jL/+ugfx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] gof“ Oltxf; /Rg] gfos /
gflosfsf ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
of] cjlwdf
k|ultjfbsf ;xof]uL wf/fsf ljleGg n]vs, snfsf/x?n] klg dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df– /d]z ljsnsf] æTof]
/f]df~rs /ftÆ, æcft+sdf af“r]sf] j:tLÆ, ljho rfln;]sf] æ/utsf] d"NoÆ, t]h
k|sfz >]i7sf] æcft+s} cft+sÆ h:tf /rgfx? klg Wofglbg of]Uo 5g\ .
hgo'4åf/f
pb\3fl6t gof“ oyfy{sf] snfTds k|ltlaDagn] 5f]Psf] gof“ p“rfOaf/] cjut x'gsf
nflu pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf slj s[i0f ;]g æOR5'sÆ åf/f /lrt lgDg sljtf+znfO{ k|:t't
ug{ ;lsG5M
ænfdf]
c“Wof/f] /ftkl5
emNdnfpg]
pHofnf] k|eft h:t}
cfhsf] sfnf]
c“Wof/f] lr/]/
xfd|f] cf:yfsf]
;fDojfb
Ps g Ps lbg h?/
em'Nsg] 5 .
/, ;f“rf]
cy{df ha;Dd
cfhsf] of] s'?k
wtL{
dfgjhfltsf]
;'Gb/ j:tLdf ablng ;Sg] 5}g
ta;Dd hf/L /xg] 5,
;'Gb/ ;+;f/ lgdf{0f ug]{ xfd|f] ;+sNksf] ofqf
ta;Dd hf/L /xg] 5
;femf ;+;f/ lgdf{0f ug]{ xfd|f] ;+3if{sf] ofqf
/, of] PSsfOzf}+ zbL xfd|f] d'lQmsf] dxfg\ zbL x'g]5 †
/, of] t];|f] ;x;|fAbL
xfd|f] ljhosf]
dxfg\ ;x;|fAbL x'g]5 † †Æ
-aGbL / rGb|flul/, k[= %%_
k|:t't sljtf+zdf
;fDojfbsf] ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ lgdf{0f ug{ dxfg\ hgo'4sf] ;+sNksf] ofqfnfO{ cToGt}
dgdf]xs 9+un] k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . of] sljtf+z åGbfTds ef}ltsjfbL
ljZjb[li6sf]0fn] ;d[4 /x]sf] 5 . oxf“ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbL cyf{t\ t];|f]
;x;|fAbLnfO{ d'lQm / ljhosf] dxfg\ ztfAbL x'g] pb\3f]if ul/Psf] 5 . of]
qmflGtsf/L cfzfjfbn] e/k"/ 5 . dxfg\ ;f“:s[lts of]4f s[i0f ;]g /lrt
æaGbL / rGb|lul/Æ g]kfnL dfq xf]Og ljZj k|ultjfbL ;flxTos} cfhsf] PSsfO;f}+
ztfAbLsf] Ps pTs[i6 k|f?k aGg uPsf] 5 .
dxfg\ hgo'4sf]
lj/f]wdf d/0fzLn oyfy{ / kmfl;jfbL /fHocft+ssf] kIfkf]if0f ub}{ k|ltw|'jLo
wf/fn] of] cjlwdf slxn] n's]/ / slxn] v'n]/ 6fpsf] p7fpg] u/sf] b]lvG5 .
o; ;Gbe{df jfns[i0f kf]v|]nsf] æt“ klg d5{;\ d klg d5'{Æ -ul/df, c;f}h @)%%_,
w|'j ;fksf]6fsf] ækf7fGt/Æ -dw'ks{, ;fpg @)%^_, s'df/ 1jfnLsf] æcGwsf/Æ
-;dsfnLg ;flxTo @%_, dx]z ljqmd zfxsf] æ5fkfdf/sf] 5f]/f]Æ -dw'ks{, df3 @)^)_
cflb syf, uf]kfn k/fh'nLsf] ædxfsfnLdf gbL k|j]zÆ -ul/df @)%(_, ljof]uL a'9fyf]sLsf]
æuf]kfn / uf]kfnx?Æ tyf afaf a:g]tsf] æ/St kf]v/LÆ -ul/df @)%( ;fpg_, pk]Gb|
>]i7sf] æof] b]zdfÆ -dw'ks{ df3 @)^)_ cflb sljtfx? / /fh]Zj/ b]jsf]6fsf]
pkGof; æ8anLÆ -@)^)_ nufotsf ljleGg /rgfx? Wofglbg of]Uo 5g\ .
ax'bnLo
hgjfbk|lt k|lta4 Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tj d08nL / To;sf kIfw/x?n] ;+zf]wgjfbL wf/fsf]
k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ . k|bLk g]kfnsf] æcfsfz u+ufsf] tL/}tL/Æ -@)%&_
pkGof; hgo'4sf] lj/f]w / kmfl;jfbL bdgsf] kIfkf]if0f ug]{ sfddf cToGt} lgs[i6
?kdf k|:t't ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nfsf] æh"gsL/Lsf] ;+uLtÆ
-@)%^_ nfO{ klg ;+zf]wgjfbs} lsQfdf /fVg ;lsG5 . oL b'j} pkGof;df
;fd|fHojfbL 8n/sf] b'u{Gw cfp“5 / logn] dxfg\ hgo'4åf/f pb\3fl6t oyfy{sf]
ljb|"kLs/0f u/]sf 5g\ .
qmflGt /
k|ltqmflGtsf] aLrdf ;flxTo / snfsf] If]qdf klg Pp6f wf/f /x]sf] 5 . o;n]
ju{;+3if{sf] If]qdf ck|lta4tf jf t6:ytfsf] kIfkf]if0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;
;Gbe{df sltko k|ultzLn n]vsx?sf klg s]xL /rgf o; k|sf/sf] dWodfuL{ ljrngdf
km“;]sf b]lvG5g\ . O:dfnLsf] ælh/f] dfOnÆ, /d]z ljsnsf] æh+unb]lv
h+unlt/}Æ -d"Nof+sg k"0ff{+s– !)@_ o;} ljrngsf pbfx/0f x'g\ .
$– ;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf] If]q
dxfg\ hgo'4sf]
of] cjlw cToGt} ljlzi6 / eJo /x]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] eJotf / ljlzi6tf snf /
;f}Gbo{ lrGtgdf cleJoQm ePsf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf dxfg\ hgo'4sf] kIfkf]if0f /
lj/f]wdf ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] If]qdf ljleGg wf/fx? lqmofzLn /x]sf 5g\ . tL
wf/fx? d"ntM o; k|sf/ 5g\M
-s_ dfS;{jfbL wf/f
g]kfnL ;f}Gbo{
lrGtgsf] If]qnfO{ pj{/ agfpg] sfddf dfS;{jfbL wf/fn] lgs} dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . of] wf/fdf g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf
ljleGg cjlwdf ;xefuL /lxcfPsf s}of}+ n]vs, lrGts / ;dfnf]rsx?sf] of]ubfg
/lxcfPsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df zlQm nD;fn, lgg' rfkfuf“O{, 3gZofd 9sfn, Clif/fh
a/fn, tf/f sfGt kf08], hubLz rGb| e08f/L, gGbLz clwsf/L nufotsf n]vsx?sf] gfd
lng ;lsG5 .
of] l;+uf]
cjlwdf ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt / ;f}}Gbo{lrGtgsf] kmf“6nfO{ gof“ 9+un] cufl8
a9fpg]df æsndÆ -;flxlTos q}dfl;s_ sf] e"ldsf cu|k+lQmdf /x]sf] 5 .
snd n]Vt5– æsnd ;f/f s'?ktfsf lj?4 ;'Gb/tfsf] lgdf{0fdf ;+3if{/t 5 / dfS;{b]lv
dfcf];Ddn] :yflkt u/]sf ;f}Gbo{zf:qLo d"Nox?nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ g]kfnL nf]s
k/Dk/f cg'?k ofqfsf] dfu{ to ub{5 . snd cfkm\gf] af6f]df k|i6 5 / nIodf
b[9 5 . snd of] b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQmsf lglDt lxdfn / kxf8sf psfnL–cf]/fnL,
uf}+8f–uN5]8f / t/fO{sf kmf“6df /fli6«o d'lQmsf] nfdf] n8fO{+ nl8/x]sf
qmflGtsf/L tyf d'lQmsfdL hgtfsf] dxfofqfnfO{ ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] kIfaf6 yk
phf{ k|bfg ug]{ b[9tf k|s6 ub{5 / Tof] ;fd"lxs :j/df :j/ ldnfpg
rfxG5 . of] g} sndsf] jt{dfg ofqfsf] lbzf / ult xf] .Æ -snd,
;DkfbsLo, k"0ff{+s !*_ .
æsndÆ sf]
ofqfsf] lbzf / ult p;sf] o;} k|lta4tf cg'?k cufl8 a9\b} cfPsf] 5 . k/Gt',
csf]{lt/ dfS;{jfbL wf/fleq} cg]sf}+ ljrngx? klg b]lvg] u/]sf 5g\ . lgg'
rfkfuf“O eGb5g\– æd'n'ssf] of] uDeL/ cTof;nfUbf] cj:yfsf sf/0f hgtfdf ;+;bLo
Joj:yfk|lt c;Gtf]if a9\g' / o;sf] ljsNksf] vf]hL x'g' c:jfefljs lyPg cfh slyt hgo'4n]
cfkm\gf] jr{:j :yflkt ug'{df p;sf] ;xL sfo{lbzf / gLltsf] sf/0feGbf hgtfsf] oxL
ljsNksf] vf]hLn] a9L sfd ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f k|i6 g} 5 . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg
cw{;fdGtL cw{cf}klgj]lzs ;Dk"0f{ lsl;dsf zf]if0f–pTkL8gaf6 d'Qm ;fDojfbL
cfbz{cg'?k gof“ hgjfbL u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf g]kfnsf cfd"n kl/jt{gsf/L zlQmx?n]
ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ / To;lglDt pgLx? lqmofzLn klg 5g\ . To:tf zlQmx?dWo]
t'ngfTds ?kdf j}rfl/s lx;fan] a9L ;xL b]lvPsfx?n] hgtfdf cfkm\gf] jr{:j /fd|/L
:yflkt ug{ g;s]sf sf/0f vf; vf; ;jfndf pu|jfdkGyL, h8;"qjfbL, clwe"tjfbL
/ JolQmjfbL–c/fhstfjfbL ;f]+rx?af6 / ;fdflhs kmf;LjfbL Jojxf/af6 u|:t tyflk
qmflGtsf/L lsQfdf /x]sf] hgo'4 rrf{ Pj+ cfsif{0f–ljsif{0fsf] ljifo ePsf]
5 .Æ -j]bgf, k"0ff{+s ^%, k[= &#_ . pgsf oL egfOx? hgo'4åf/f
pb\3fl6t gof“ oyfy{nfO{ /fd|f];“u cfTd;ft ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf] o;
k|sf/sf] lrGtgnfO{ dWodfuL{ tyf ;f/;+u|xjfbL ljrngsf ?kdf a'em\g' kb{5 .
t/ klg pgnfO{ xfdLn] d"ntM dfS;{jfbL lsTtfs} dfGg' kb{5 .
-v_ k|ltlqmofjfbL wf/f
g]kfndf nfdf]
;dob]lv ;flxTo, snf / ;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf] kmf“6df ;fdGtL cflehfTojfb / a'h'{jf
cfw'lgstfjfbsf] jr{:j sfod /lxcfPsf] 5 . o;n] k|ltlqmofjfbL ljrf/wf/f /
cfbz{jfbL ljZjb[li60fsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . of] wf/fsf] cflwsfl/s ;+rfng
g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgaf6 x'“b} cfPsf] 5.
;fdGtL
cflehfTojfbsf k[i7kf]ifs /lxcfPsf g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf tfTsflns pks"nklt
dbgdl0f bLlIft dxfg\ hgo'4sf lj?4 cToGt} lgs[i6 tl/sfn] k]z x'“b} cfPsf
5g\ . pgn] cfkm\gf] æhgo'4 xf]Og z'4 cft+sjfbÆ zLif{s n]vdf æk|x/L /
;]gfsf] k|of]u u/]/ hgo'4sf] bdg ug]{Æ s'/f atfPsf 5g\ -sflGtk'/ !@ c;f/ @)%%_.
!! ;]K6]Da/sf]
36gfnfO{ lgx'“ agfO{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbåf/f rnfOPsf] slyt cft+sjfb lj/f]wL
cleofgsf] k|;+zf / dxfg\ hgo'4sf] lj/f]w ug]{ sfddf a'h'{jf cfw'lgstfjfbsf
sltko k|jQmfx? nfu]sf 5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df ;gt /]UdLsf lgDg egfOx? Wofglbg
of]Uo 5g\ . pgL eGb5g\– æ=====clxn] ljZj hgdt cft+sjfbsf] ljkIfdf plePsf]
5 . lx+;f, xTof / cft+s ljgfzsf/L k|j[lQ x'g\ . g]kfndf klg lx+;f /
cft+sn] lj:tf/} u[xo'4sf] :j?k lng yfn]sf] 5 . of] lx+;f / cft+ssf] l5§}
cGt gx'g] xf] eg] o; d'n'ssf] lgolt ljWj+; g} x'g]5 . .Æ -;dsflng
;flxTo, ;DkfbsLo, c+s $#_.
;flxlTos klqsf
æul/dfÆ n] ju{;dGjojfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0fsf cfwf/df a'4, nlDagL, zflGt, k/]jf
cflbsf] s'/f u/]/ cGofok"0f{ o'4sf] kIfkf]if0f / Gofok"0f{ o'4sf]
lj/f]w ug]{ sfd cg]sf}+ ;DkfbsLox? ub}{ cfPsf] 5. ul/df eGb5– æo'4 u/]/ o'4
lhTg' cfjZos 5}g .Æ -k'if @)^)_ .
-u_ ;+zf]wgjfbL wf/f
dfS;{jfbsf]
tf]8d/f]8 tyf ckJofVof ug'{ / ju{;+3if{, ;z:q ;+3if{ tyf ;j{xf/f clwgfostTjsf
lj?4 ju{;dGjojfb / ;+;bjfbsf] k'k{If ug'{ g]kfnL ;+zf]wgjfbsf] ljz]iftf
xf] . ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] kmf“6df of] a'h'{jf cfw'lgstfjfbsf] kIfkftL /x]sf]
5 . o;n] ;flxTo, snf / ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] kmf“6df ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] l;4FGt
c+ufn]sf] 5 . of] wf/f dxfg\ hgo'4sf] k|jntd lj/f]wL /x]sf] 5 .
df]bgfy k|l>t, k|lbk g]kfn, /fdrGb| e§/fO{, /3'kGt of] wf/fdf lqmofzLn /x]sf
5g\.
df]bgfy k|l>t eGb5g\– æclxn] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] Pp6f af9L
b]lvPsf] 5 .=======lgZro g} Tof] clxn] rrf{df 5– lxhf] DofGdf/, k]?, ef/t
/ lkmlnlkG; h:t}} . of] ;fpg] e]nn] s]xL ;dokl5 lgZro g} lxp“bsf lbg
b]Vg]5 .Æ -d'lQm df]rf{, @)%& kf}if–r}q_ .
oltdfq xf]Og,
hgo'4sf aLraf6 ;flxTo, snf, ;f}Gbo{lrGtg / ;+:s[ltsf] If]qdf k|ult / ljsf;
x'“b} uPsf]df ax'bnLo hgjfbsf kIfw/x? cToGt} cfqmf]lzt aGb} uPsf 5g\ .
/3'kGtn]– ædfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf lj?4 ax; 5]+8\gÆ cfx\jfg u/]sf 5g\ .
-lem;ld;] k"0ff{+s–#^, jif{ @# sf] ;DkfbsLo_ . To:t}, cWoIf s=
k|r08åf/f k|:t't aGb"s, snd /
dfbnsf] PsLs[t sdf08sf lj?4 ;+zf]wgjfbLx? n]Vt5g\– æsnd / dfbn
aGb"ssf] bf; x'g ;St}gg\ .Æ
-d'lQm df]rf{, jif{, @&, c+s !& sf] ;DkfbsLo_ .
%– k|r08kysf] ;f}Gbo{zf:qM
g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
ljlzi6tfdf dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] l;h{gfTds k|of]usf aLraf6 k|r08ky
hlGdPsf] xf] . k|r08ky g]kfnL qmflGtsf ljlzi6 cg'ejx?sf] ljrf/>+[vnf
xf] / o; cGtu{t ;f}Gbof{Tds ljrf/ klg kb{5 . dfn]df / k|r08kysf]
;f}Gbo{zf:q dfly atfOPsf tdfd k|sf/sf unt lrGtg / k|j[lQsf lj?4 ;+3if{/t
/lxcfPsf] 5 .
;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf]
If]qdf s= k|r08sf ljrf/x? ljleGg n]v, b:tfj]h, cGtjf{tf{ / hgo'4sf ;du|
of]hgfx?df c+z–c+zsf ?kdf cleJoQm x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ . o;} k|lqmofdf jxf“n]
æsndÆ -;flxlTos q}dfl;s k"0ff{+s @%÷@^_ df lbg' ePsf] cGtjf{tf{ ;flxTo,
snf, ;+:s[lt / ;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf] If]qdf ;+s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . ;f]
cGtjf{tf{df jxf“n] dxfg\ hgo'4åf/f pb\3fl6t gof“ oyfy{, ;f“:s[lts tyf
;f}Gbof{Tds d"Noaf]w, ;flxTo / snfsf] /fhgLlt;“usf] ;+aGw, :jtGqtf /
k|lta4tf, aGb"s, snd / dfbnsf] PsLs[t sdf08, ;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfb /
;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] lbzfaf]w, n]vs snfsf/x?sf] j}rfl/s tyf
;f“:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] cfjZostf cflbaf/] /fd|f] k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] 5 . o;
cltl/Qm jxf“sf ;f}Gbof{Tds ljrf/x? æ;+af]wgÆ -;flxlTos klqsf, @)^)_ df lbOPsf]
cGt/jf{tf{df klg ;zQm ?kdf d'vl/t ePsf 5g\ .
;f}Gbo{af]w
;f“:s[lts d"Noaf]wsf] wtL{df v8f ePsf] x'G5 . ;To, lzj / ;'Gb/
;jf]{Rr ;f“:s[lts d"No x'g\ . dfS;{jfbn] oL d"Nox?sf] ljsf;
;+3if{sf aLraf6 x'g] s'/f dfGb5 / s= k|r08n] of] s'/fnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s
cfTd;ft\ ug'{ ePsf] 5 . s= k|r08 eGg'x'G5– ædfS;{jfbn] c;To, v/fj / s'?ksf
lj?4 ;+3if{sf qmddf g} ;To, c;n / ;'Gb/ rLhsf] ljsf; x'G5 eGg] tYonfO{ cfTd;ft
ug{ l;sfp“5 .Æ -g]kfnL qmflGtsf ;d:ofx?, efu– !, k[[[[= #_ . j:t'tM
dxfg\ hgo'4sf] k|lqmofdf c;To, v/fa / s'?ksf lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf aLraf6 gof“
:ff“:s[lts d"Nox?sf] ljsf; x'“b} u}/x]sf] 5 .
;flxTo, snf /
;+:s[ltsf] kmf“6df x'“b} cfPsf sfdsf] k|ult, ;d:of / cfjZostfaf/] s= k|r08n]
ljz]if Wofglb+b} cfpg' ePsf] 5 . ;f“:s[lts If]qdf kf6L{sf] gLltaf/] :ki6
kfb}{ s= k|r08 eGg'x'G5– æhgo'4sf] P]ltxfl;s kxnkZrft\ b]zJofkL ?kdf ;f“:s[lts
6f]nL / sfo{qmdsf] ljsf;sf] nx/åf/f tyf s]Gb|Lo ?kdf slj–snfsf/x?sf n]v, /rgf /
k|sfzgsf] lg/Gt/ ljsf;åf/f cfh b]zdf j:t'tM Pp6f ljzfn ;f“:s[lts kmf}hsf] ljsf;
eO/x]sf] 5 . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf lzIff Pj+ Oltxf;sf cg'ejaf6 kf7
l;Sb} kf6L{n] o; df]rf{sf] g]t[Tjsf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] k|ZgnfO{ cToGt hf]8
lbg rfxG5 . ;fy} hgo'4sf] tLj| ljsf;sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;+u7gfTds
;'b[9Ls/0f, o'4sf cg'ejdf cfwfl/t pkGof;, lel8of] tyf cl8of] Sof;]6x?sf] ljsf;
/ k|rf/–k|;f/sf] sfdnfO{ kf6L{ k|fylds dxTjsf] sfd 7fGb5 . cg'ejn]
k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 ls csf]{ gof“ prfOdf p7]/ ;f“:s[lts df]rf{sf sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt
kfg'{n] efjL cfd ljb|f]xsf] tof/Ldf u'0ffTds k|ult xfl;n x'g]5 .Æ -dxfg\
cu|ufdL 5nf+uM Oltxf;sf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf, k[= &^–&&_ .
;f}Gbo{ lrGtg;“u
;+alGwt k|lta4tf / :jtGqtf nufotsf ljleGg ljifox?dfly k|sfz kfb}{ s= k|r08
eGg'x'G5– ædxfg\ hgo'4sf qmddf hg;d'bfon] k|bz{g ul//x]sf] Tofu, tk:of, jL/tf /
alnbfgsf] cf]h / ul/dfnfO{ snfTds cleJolQmåf/f hg;d'bfos} n8\g] pT;fx / Pstf
alnof] kfg]{ k|lta4tfk"0f{ kxn g} cfhsf] ;f}Gbo{af]wsf] jf:tljs dfkb08
xf] . hg;d'bfosf lj?4 k'/fgf] kmfl;jfbL ;Qfåf/f eO/x]sf] cTofrf/sf lj?4
cfjfh gp7fpg] tyf hg;d'bfosf] ljb|f]x / qmflGtsf/L kxnsf lj?4 eO/x]sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL
/ ;+zf]wgjfbL ljif–jdgsf] k|ltsf/ gug]{ ;flxTo hgtfsf] lgldQ ljiffn' dfq
x'g]5 .Æ -snd k[= #^_ .
pko'{Qm egfOx?
;f}Gbof{Tds b[li6n] ljz]if ;}4flGts dxTjsf /x]sf 5g\ . oxf“ Psflt/
k|lta4tf / :jtGqtf aLrsf] åGbfTds ;DaGwnfO{ lgs} k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf]
5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;f}Gbo{af]wnfO{ ju{;+3if{;“u cleGg ?kdf uf“l;Psf] 5 .
olQdfq xf]Og, cWoIf s= k|r08åf/f k|:t't PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;sf]
dfGotfn] ;flxTo, snf / ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] If]qdf l;h{gfTds :jtGqtfnfO{ csf]{ gof“
p“rfOdf ljsl;t t'NofPsf] 5 . of] dfGotfsf] /fhgLlts / kmf}hL If]qdf dfq
xf]Og ;f“:s[lts / ;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf] If]qdf klg ljz]if dxTj 5 .
slyt
pQ/–cfw'lgstfjfbsf] jsfnt ub}{ cfPsf] lrGtg k|0ffnL / To;sf] ;+/Ifs cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 s= k|r08 eGg'x'G5– æzLto'4sf] ;dflKtkl5 ;fd|fHojfbLx?n]
u/]sf] æOltxf;sf] cGtÆ / ægof“ ljZj Joj:yfsf] pboÆ sf] bfjLnfO{ k"0f{tM
em'6f] jsjf; ;fljt ub}{ cfh ljZjsf ;a} cfwf/e"t cGtlj{/fwx? tLj| ePsf
5g\ . ;fd|fHojfb / pTkLl8t /fi6« Pj+ hgtfsf aLrsf] ljZjsf] k|d'v
cGtlj{/f]w dfq ljikmf]6s ePsf] 5}g, clkt' cGt/;fd|fHojfbL cGtlj{/f]w klg emg\
rs]{/ uPsf] 5 .Æ -PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;–k[= #_ . s=
k|r08sf oL egfOx? Oltxf;sf] cGt / Ps w|'jLo ljZjJoj:yfsf] kIfkf]if0f ug]{
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 kl/nlIft /x]sf 5g\ .
;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf]
If]qdf k|r08kyn] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbnfO{ ;d[4 / ljsl;t t'Nofp“b} cfPsf]
5 . k|r08kysf ;f}Gbo{zf:qLo ljlzi6tfx?sf] ;du| cWoog of] 5f]6f] n]vdf ;+ej
5}g . t/ klg oxf“ To;sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ljz]iftfsf] pNn]v ug'{ cfjZos
5 . Tof] xf]– k|r08kysf] æpbfQÆ ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff . s= k|r08n] hgo'4sf]
df}lnstf, ljlzi6tf / eJotfaf/] af/Daf/ k|sfz kfb}{ cfpg' ePsf] 5 . ;fy},
jxf“n] hgo'4df ;+nUg hg;d'bfo / qmflGtsf/L of]4fx?sf Tofu, jL/tf / alnbfgsf
;jf]{s[i6 sLlt{dfgx?sf] klg k|z:t} pNn]v ug'{ ePsf] 5 . oL ljifox? æpbfQÆ
sf] cjwf/0ff;“u ;DalGwt 5g\ . æpbfQÆ sf] cy{ hLjg, lrGtg / cfr/0fsf If]qdf
ct'ngLo, ;LdfxLg / cfZro{hgs ?kdf cgGt p“rfO xfl;n ub}{ cufl8 a9\g' xf] . j:t'tM dxfg\ hgo'4åf/f pb\3fl6t
gof“ oyfy{ o:t} 5 . of] Pp6f
pTs[i6 k|f?ksf] cgGt vf]h klg xf] . s= cWoIfn] æsndÆ sf] cGtjf{tf{df cfhsf
rl/q gfosx?sf] /]vf+sgsf nflu uf]sL{ / n' z'gdf dfq ;Lldt g e} dxfg\ ;j{xf/f
;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] k|lqmofdf ljsl;t æ/ftf] nfnl6gÆ sf] p“rfO 5f]P/ To; eGbf
klg cem} dfly p7\g' kg]{ ;'emfj lbg' ePsf] lyof] . j:t'tM of] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf]
pbfQ ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffdf ePsf] yk ljsf; xf] .
k|r08kysf]
;f}Gbo{zf:q g]kfnL hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] ;f}Gbo{zf:q xf] . o;n] g]kfnL ;j{xf/f
ju{, hghflt, If]qLo, dlxnf tyf blnt ;d'bfo ;lxt cfd hg;d'bfodfly x'“b} cfPsf
tdfd zf]if0f / pTkL8gsf lj?4 qmflGt / d'lQmsf] efjgf d'vl/t ub{5 .
k|r08kysf] ;f}Gbo{zf:q ;+3if{zLn hg;d'bfosf ;+j]bgf, Tofu, jL/tf / alnbfgsf
ufyfx?sf] ;f}Gbo{zf:q xf] . o;}u/L, k|r08kysf] ;f}Gbo{zf:q tdfd aGwg, bdg
/ pTkL8gsf lj?4 hgtfsf] l;h{gfTds phf{sf] åf/ pb\3fl6t ub}{ ;'Gb/, pbfQ /
;fd~h:o k"0f{ gof“ ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ dxfg\ p2]Zodf cfwfl/t hgo'4 /
lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] ;f}Gbo{zf:q xf] .
k|r08kysf] ;f}Gbo{zf:qn] dxfg\ hgo'4sf aLraf6 ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt /
;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf] If]qdf ljlzi6 lgodx?sf] pb\3f6g u/]sf] 5 . k|r08kysf] ;f}Gbo{zf:q
c;To, v/fa / s'?ksf lj?4 ;To, c;n / ;'Gb/sf] gof“ prfO xfl;n ub}{ cfkm\gf]
ljsf;sf] ofqfdf u'0ffTds 9+un] cufl8 a9\b} u}/x]sf] 5 . k|r08kysf]
;f}Gbo{zf:q PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dfn]dfjfbsf] ljsf;sf] ;f}Gbo{zf:q xf] .
;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfb / ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 l;+uf] ;fdflhs tyf ;f“:s[lts
qmflGtnfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu k|r08kysf] ;f}Gbo{zf:qn] xfdLnfO{ gof“ j}rfl/s
phf{ k|bfg ub{5.
^– pk;+xf/M
hgo'4åf/f
pb\3fl6t gof“ oyfy{, snfTds l;h{gzLntf, ;f}Gbo{ lrGtg / k|r08kysf]
;f}Gbo{zf:qaf/] ul/Psf] of] rrf{ cToGt} ;+lIfKt /x]sf] 5 . oxf“ w]/} n]vs
snfsf/x?sf gfd 5'6\g uPsf 5g\ t/ klg ljljw lrGtg / k|j[ltx?nfO{ eg] ;d]6\g]
k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . hgo'4sf] cf7 jif{sf] of] cjlwdf ;flxTo, snf / ;f}Gbo{
lrGtgsf] If]qdf cToGt} d"Nojfg ;fdu|Lx? tof/ x'“b} uPsf 5g\ . ltgsf]
cWoog, ljZn]if0f / ;+Zn]if0fsf nflu xfdLn] cys kl/>d ug{ h?/L 5 . of]
cWoogaf6 s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt / ;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf] If]qdf dxfg\
hgo'4åf/f pb\3fl6t gof“ oyfy{ w/} g} ;+d[4 / cf]h:jL aGg uPsf] 5 . of]
wf/f;“u n8\g] ;}4flGts ;fdYo{ / x}l;ot ca
;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfb / ;+zf]wgjfb;“u 5}g . af6f] hl6n eP klg of]
wf/fsf] clGtd ljho ;'lglZrt 5 .
ldltM $ kmfu'g @)^)