dxfg\ hgo'4sf cf7 aif{ M gof“ ljrf/, gof“ ;+/rgf / gof“ ;“:s[lt
8f= Clif/fh a/fn
g]kfnL w/tLdf
cfkm\g} ljlzi6tfsf;fy cf/De ePsf] hgo'4 ca cf7f}+ aif{ k'/f u/L gjf}+ aif{df
k|j]z ub}{5 . Wj+; / lgdf{0fsf] o; dxfg\ k|s[ofdf gof“ ;Qfsf] hGd ePsf]
5 . o; gof“ ;Qf gof“ oyfy{sf] ;jn / j}rfl/s–ef}uf]lns d'lt{s[t kIf
xf] . o;n] ;f}Gbo{af]wfTdstfsf] kIfdf klg gof“ kIfnfO{ pb\3fl6t u/]sf]
5 . o;aLr gof“ ljrf/sf] ;f}Gbo{zf:qLo kIf klg k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf]
?kdf d'lt{s[t ePsf] 5 . ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] If]qdf oL cf7 aif{df
36gf–k|;Ësf] IF]qdf, l;h{gfsf] kIfdf tyf l;Ëf] cfGbf]ngsf kIfdf s] s:tf l:ylt
/x], s]–s:tf ;sf/fTds k|flKt / pknlAwx? /x] ltgsf] P]ltxfl;s tyf ljZn]if0ffTds
vf]hd'ns ljj/0f / ljZn]if0f cfjZos 5 . tfklg o; n]vdf d"n ?kdf gof“
ljrf/sf] s]Gb|Lotfdf /xL gof“ ;f“:s[lts d"Noaf]wsf kIfdf s]xL eGg] hdsf]{
ul/Psf] 5 .
hgo'4sf] cf/De / ljsl;t gof“
ljrf/
dxfg\ hgo'4sf] yfngL g]kfnL ;dfhdf Pp6f gof“ ljrf/ / gof“ sfo{sf]
yfngL lyof] . o; cleofgsf] yfngL ljrf/ / Jojxf/sf ;Gbe{df g]kfnL sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngsf] If]qdf Pp6f km8\sf] lyof] . h;nfO{ csf]{ kbfjnLdf 5nfª klg
eGg] ul/G5 . OlR5t egf}+ nlIft cfbz{nfO{ qmflGtsf/L oyfy{df kl/0ft ug]{
dxfg\ p2]Zosf ;fy cf/De ul/Psf] o; gof“ ljrf/ ;+3if{ / o'4s} qmddf ljsl;t /
lj:tfl/t x'“b}, o;n] gof“ d'No / ljlzi6tfnfO{ ;d]6\b} ca @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf]
hgjfbsf] ?kdf ;fj{ef}d ljrf/sf] ?kdf :yflktf]Gd'v ag]sf] 5 . o;} gof“
ljrf/n] k|r08kysf] ;+1f kfPsf] 5 . k|r08kysf] ?kdf cfPsf] gof“ ljrf/sf]
JofVof ljZn]if0f k|z:t ePsfn] o;sf] yk ljZn]if0f cfjZos b]lvb}g . clxn]
;f}Gbo{zf:qLo kIfdf o;sf] e"ldsfsf] ;]/f]km]/f] dfq bf]>f] l6Kk0fLsf]
;Gbe{ xf] .
k|r08kysf] ;DaGw /fhgLltdf dfq ;Lldt 5}g, o;n] ;fdflhs hLjgsf
ljljw kIfx? bz{g, cy{zf:q, ;“:s[lt ;a}nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . k|r08ky gof“
d"Nojf]wsf nflu bfz{lgs cfwf/ xf] . gof“ ;“:s[lt oxL gof“
d"Nojf]wsf] pkh xf] . To;}n] k|r08ky gof“ ;“:s[lt lgdf{0fsf]
;f}Gbo{zf:qLo cfwf/ xf] . ;f}Gbo{zf:q d"ntM bfz{lgs k|ju{l;t ;Da4 kIf
xf] . o;n] l;h{g l;4fGtsf ljljw kIfnfO{ ;}4flGts tyf Jojxfl/s lbzfaf]w
u/fp“5 . k|Zg k|r08åf/f slt syf jf sljtf n]lvP jf sltj6f ;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf]
gfdlbP/ n]v n]lvP eGg] xf]Og . o;nfO{ dfq cfwf/ dfGbf klg snd tyf ;Djf]wg
-hg;f“:s[lts ;+3sf] klZrd If]qLo k|sfzg @)^)_ df s= k|r08sf ;flxlTos
cGtjf{tf{x?n] j[xt\ / 3lge"t ?kdf k|sfz kfb{5g\ . olt dfq klg oy]i6
5g\ .
k|r08ky / ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] s'/f ubf{ lrGtgsf] k|d'v vf]tnvftnsf]
kIf o;sf] j}rfl/s w/ftn x'g' kb{5 . ;f}Gbozf:qLo >f]tx?sf] vf]hL
ug'{kb{5 . gof“ ;Qf lgdf{0fsf] o; k|s[ofdf ljsl;t ljrf/ / o; ljrf/sf]
lbzfjf]wdf lgld{t gof“ r]tgfsf aLraf6 gof“ ;“:s[ltsf] ;f}Gbo{zf:qLo kIf
vf]h]kl5 dfq oyfy{ xft nfUb5 . ;dfhdf JofKt ;fdGtL tyf ;fd|fHojfbL
;“:s[ltsf] tLa| e08fkmf]/ ub]{ hgo'4 / o;sf] ;DaGw k|sfzdf Nofp“b} JoQm ul/Psf
lgDg egfOn] o; kIfdf Pp6f ;l6s pQ/ k|:t't ub{5 . h:tf] s= k|r08 eGg'x'G5-
æhgo'4 o:tf -;fdGtL tyf k'hLjfbL ljs[lt_ ;f“:s[lts ljs[ltsf lj?4 Ps ;f“:s[lts
qmflGt klg xf] . ;f“:s[lts If]qdf
klg k'/fgf] Wj+; / gof“sf] lgdf{0f cyf{t c;To, clzj / s'?ksf] Wj+; tyf ;To, lzj
/ ;'Gb/sf] :yfkgf hgo'4sf] nIo xf] .Æ -g]kfnL qmflGtsf ;d:of efu #,
!#)-!#!_ o;n] hgo'4sf] s]Gb|Lo efj / ;f}Gbof{Tds kIfnfO{ /fd|f]l;t k|sfz
kf/]sf] 5 .
gof“ ljrf/ / ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ng
gof“ ljrf/
zf:qdf geO{ Jojxf/df cem a9L Aojxf/df d"lt{s[t x'g' o;sf] ljz]iftf
xf] . o;sf] cleofg;“u;“u} oyfy{n] klg gof“ ?k / ;f/df k|s6 x'g' clgjfo{ g}
lyof] . k'/fgf]nfO{ lj:yfkg u/L gof“n] :yflkt x'g' :jefljs xf] . Wj+;
/ lgdf{0fsf] oL cf7 aif{df lgdf{0fsf] If]qdf y'k|} y'k|} sfdx? ePsf 5g\ .
oxf“ ;du| tYofÍ olt ;+lIfKt n]vdf ;+ej 5}g . Psflt/ ;+3if{sf] qmddf dfgj
cflh{t Tofu, jlnbfg, ;dk{0f / ljb|f]xdf y'k|} syf / ufyf gof“ d"Nosf] ?kdf
:yflkt ePsf 5g\ csf]{lt/ ;dfhdf ljBdfg k/Dk/fut rf8kj{, /Lltl/jfh, wfld{s
s';+:sf/x? / cGwljZjf; cflb h:tf ;“:sf/x?nfO{ lj:yfkg ub}{ gof“ ljsNk lbg] gof“
cleofg klg rfn' ul/Psf 5g\ . gof“ ljrf/n] cfjZostf cg';f/ Wj+; /
lgdf{0fsf] k|s[ofnfO{ lg/Gt/ ultzLn agfO{/x]sf] 5 / o;} qmddf gof“ ;“:s[ltsf
gjLg ?kx?n] 7f]; ?k lnPsf 5g\ . o:tf] 7f]; ?k lnPsf] kIfnfO{ b'O{ efudf af“8\g
;lsG5 . Pp6f dfG5]n] ;+3if{sf qmddf cfh{g u/]sf] cflTds–ef}lts kIfsf]
;fj{ef}dd"Nodf cfwfl/t kIf / csf]{ ;fdflhs hLjgsf rf8kj{ wfld{s k/Dk/fl;t
hf]l8Psf] ;f“:s[lts kIf .
klxnf] kIf M
of] d"nt JolQmn] ;+3if{sf qmddf cflh{t u/]sf] d"Nosf] s]Gb|Lotfdf cfwfl/t
5 . of] d"nt ljifo / ljifdL jLrsf] ;f}Gbof{Tds kIfnfO{ emNsfpg]
d"Noaf]wsf] k|Zg xf] . o;nfO{ lgDg a'“bfdf JoQm ug{ ;lsG5 -
!_ j}rfl/s ;+3if{sf] pRrtd\ ?k
@_ gof“ cfbz{sf] :yfkgf
#_ gjLg d"Nojf]wsf] ljlzi6tf
$_ Tofu, jlnbfg / pbft efj–r]tgfsf] pb\3f]if0f
%_ gjLg laDj / k|tLsx?sf] lgdf{0f
bf]>f] kIf M of] kIf d"ntM
wfld{s /Lltl/jfh cflbsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df s]Gb|Lt kIf xf] . dfcf]jfbLsf] gof“
;Qfdf oL ljljw kIfsf] af/]df s]–s:tf] l:ylt 5 / s] s] Wj+; ePsf 5g\ / s]–slt
lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ of] ;j{q rf;f]sf] ljifo klg xf] / ;a}n] cg'e"t ug'{kg]{
ljifo klg xf] . oL kIfn] gof“ ;Qfsf] ljlzi6 l:ylt nufot cfwf/ / clw/rgf
;DaGwdf klg dxTjk"0f{ kIfdf k|sfz kfb{5g\ . ;Qfsf] /fhgLlts k|flKt /
;“:s[lt lgdf{0fsf] ljlzi6 kIf, cfjZostf / cGt/lj/f]wsf] ljlzi6 kIfdf clw/rgf
k|d'v x'g] s'/fnfO{ klg of] kIfn] k|sfz kfg]{ ub{5 . o; If]qdf gof“
ljrf/n] gof“ ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0fsf] lgDg kIfdf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/]sf] 5M
!_ j0f{ / hftsf cfwf/df ul/g] hftkft 5'jf5't cflbsf]
lgif]w / ;j{xf/fjfbL dfgjtfjfbL r]tgfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/
@_ k'/fgf rf8jf8, /Lltl/jfhsf] :yfgdf gof“ rf8jf8 /
kj{sf] :yfkgf
#_ cGwljZjf;, hfb"–6"gf, af]S;L, wfdL–emf“qmL
cflb af/]sf] cj}1flgs lrGtg lj?4 j}1flgs lrGtgsf] k|rf/ k|;f/
$_ k/Dk/fut / ?9LjfbL lrGtgl;t uf“l;Psf ljleGg ;“:sf/ tyf
sd{sf08x? hGd, d[To', ljjfx, j|taGw cflbnfO{ gof“ ;f“:s[lts d"Nosf cfwf/df
?kfGt/0f tyf lj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{df tLa|tf
%_ cfrf/–ljrf/ hLjg z}nL, ;/;kmfO, k|tLs lrGxx?sf]
:yfkgf, kof{j/0fLo ;'wf/df hf]8, cyf{t ef}lts ;f“:s[lts pTkfbg, k|:t'tL /
lgdf{0fdf hf]8
^_ hftLo–/fli6«o, If]qLo, ;f“:s[lts ljlzi6tfnfO{ Wofgdf
lbb}+ km\o'hgsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ juL{o d"Nodf ?kfGtl/t ug]{ Jojxfl/s kIfdf
hf]8
gof“ ;Qfl;t
hf]l8Psf o:tf ljljw ;f“:s[lts kIfx?sf af/]df gof“ ;Qf–lgb]{lzsfdf s]xL s'/fsf]
lgb]{zg klg ul/Psf] 5 . clxn] ;Qf lgdf{0f ePkl5 d"ntM gof“
;“:s[ltnfO{ cfd hgtfdf af]w u/fpg' g} gof“ ;“:s[lt lgdf{0f tkm{sf]
dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] . olt x'“bfx'“b} klg o; kIfdf cem} s]xL s'/fdf Wofg
lbg' cfjZos b]lvG5 .
!_ j}rfl/s ;+3if{nfO{ cem} of]hgfj4, Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L
?kdf, ljleGg df]rf{df l:ylt cg'?k If]qut–kIfut k|wfg / uf}0f ls6fgu/L b[9tfsf
;fy cl3 a9fpg' cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu ;"rgf, ;~rf/ k|sfzg cyf{t\ ljleGg
;"rgf dWodnfO{ r'l:tnf], km'lt{nf], Jojl:yt / u'0fo'Qm agfpg' cfjZos
5 .
@_ Tofu, jlnbfg / cfTdf]T;u{sf syf, ufyf, 36gfqmdx?nfO{
ljleGg ?k dfWodx? dfkm{t cfd hgtfdf :yflkt ug'{ cfjZos 5 . lj/f]wL kIf tyf
k'/fgf] ;Qfn] :yflkt u/]sf ;f“:s[lts ljDjx?nfO{ eTsfP/ gof“ laDj / k|tLs
:yfkgfsf] sfo{nfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{, ;lxbsf] /utsf] d"Nojf]w cfd hgtf tyf
jf}l4s–;f“:s[lts If]q nufot ;fdflhs hLjgsf] x/]s kIfdf u/fpg' kg]{ s'/fdf cem}
Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 .
#_ ;"rgf ;fd|fHo, ;f“:s[lts ;fd|fHojfb lj?4 tLa|
;+3if{ / e08fkmf]/ cleofg rnfp“b} hgjfbL e"d08nLs/0f / x:tIf]ksf]
k|s[ofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg' cfjZos 5 .
$_ ljleGg hfthflt tyf blnt kIfl;t ;Dj4 ;d:ofx? tyf rf8jf8,
/Lltl/jfh cflb ;“:sf/l;t ;Dj4 ;d:ofnfO{ ;}4flGts kIfaf6 dfq geO{ Jojxfl/s
kIfaf6 s[ofTds pbfx/0f k|:t't ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'kb{5 . of] sfdsf]
pbfx/0f ?kdf cfGtl/s kIfn] g} cu|;/tf lng'kb{5 .
%_ uLt, ;+uLt tyf ;flxTo l;h{gfsf] If]qnfO{ c“em} tLa|tf
lbg' cfjZos 5 . ;dosf] cfjZostfcg';f/ ck]/f, n3'gf6s, Joª\Uod"ns
sfo{qmd pRr:t/sf uf]i7L tyf n]vgdf hf]8 lbg'kb{5 . To;}u/L gof“ ;Qfsf]
ljsf;sf nflu ;f“:s[lts k|lti7fg lgdf{0f ug]{ tyf ;f“:s[lts ufp“x? lgdf{0f ug]{
s'/fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg' cfjZos 5 .
^_ k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{ lrGtgsf] ;}4flGts Jojxfl/s, z}lIfs
;f}Gbof{Tds d"NonfO{ b/f]l;t ks8\g], o;sf] dxTj / ljlzi6 kIfnfO{ zAb /
sd{df cfTd;ft ug]{ / u/fpg] s'/fdf klg plQs} Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 .
o:tf s]xL kIfdf
Wjfg lbg'kg]{ k|;Ë Psflt/ 5 eg] csf]{lt/ dxfg\ hgo'4 h'g ult / tLa|tfsf ;fy cl3
a9]sf] 5 o;n] cfzf / pT;fxsf y'k|} kIfx?nfO{ klg pb\3fl6t u/]sf] 5 . oL
a'“bfnfO{ lgDg lsl;dn] k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 -
!_ dfn]df / k|r08kysf] cfnf]sdf @!cf]+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbsf]
cjwf/0ff h;/L :yflkt / lj:tfl/t x'“bf] 5 . o;n] afx\o / cfGtl/s r'gf}tLsf]
;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtfsf ;fy ;'Gb/ eljiosf] ;DefjgfnfO{ k|i6?kdf k|blz{t u/]sf]
5 .
@_ ;dosf] cfjZostf cg';f/ uLt, ;+uLt lgdf{0f, k|:t'lt,
k|bz{g / gjLgtf lbg] cflb kIfdf h]–h:tf k|flKt / pknlAw b]lvPsf 5g\ o;n] klg
o;sf] ;'Gb/ eljionfO{ ;Í]t ub{5 . vf; u/]/ o'jf k':tfsf] k|jfxdo h'g l:ylt
b]lvPsf] 5 Tof] dxTjk"0f{ ;Í]t xf] .
#_ ;"rgf cftÍ tyf ;}4flGts ;d|fHojfbnfO{ :yfgLo,
If]qLo ?kdf k/f:t ug{ ul/Psf of]hgf / sfo{qmdn] klg qmflGtsf/L ;f“:s[lts
cfGbf]ngsf] ;'Gb/ eljionfO{ cf}+Nofp“5g\ .
cGtdf, hgo'4sf]
of] cf7aif{n] gof“ ljrf/ xfd|f ;fd' k|:t't u/]sf] / o;sf] /0fgLlts dxTj /x]sf]
s'/f Aojxf/åf/f g} k'li6 ePsf] 5 . k|r08ky ca ljlzi6tfdf dfq ;Lldt geO{
;fj{ef}d d"Nosf ;fy ljsl;t eO{ @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbsf] ?kdf :yflkt x'g
nfu]sf] oyfy{ klg xfd|f ;fd' ljBdfg\ 5 . gof“ ljrf/n] gof“ ;“:s[ltsf] hGd
u/fPsf] 5 / gof“ ;“:s[lt gof“ ljrf/nfO{ ;d[4 kfg{ s[ofzLn /x]sf] 5 . ;fy}
;don] ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem ;zQm agfpg' kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf] 5 .
ev{/} qmflGtsf/L ;f“:s[ltssdL{x?sf] k|sfzg ;Djf]wgnfO{ s= k|r08n] lbg'ePsf]
cGt/jftf{df JoQm lgDg egfOaf6 gof“ ljrf/n] ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ngaf6 rfx]sf]
e"ldsfnfO{ a'em\g ;lsG5 -
æhg;d'bfosf]
P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]xsf] k|s[ofnfO{ clGtd ljhodf kl/0ft ug{ ;f“:s[ltssdL{x?n]
cfkm\gf] >d / ;LknfO{ clwstd\ lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy vr{ u?g\ eGg] g} d]/f] sfdgf
5 .Æ
o; e"ldsf
k"/f ug{ cflTds–ef}lts ?kaf6 cfkm"nfO{ x/xd];f td\tof/ /fVg'df g}
xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf] ;fy{stf lge{/ ub{5 .