dxfg\ hgo'4sf cf“wLdo cf7 jif{M Ps cg'e"lt

lbjfs/

cfºgf] t"kmfgL ultsf cf7f}+ jif{ k"/f u/L dxfg g]kfnL hgo'4 uf}+/jk"0f{ gjf}“ jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . of] dxfg cj;/df ;j{k|yd g'tg / ;d'Ggt g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug{ kf6L{sf] gLlt, of]hgf / g]t[Tjsf] /Iff / ljsf; ub}{ cu|k+lQmdf pleP/ cfkm\gf] k|f0ff]T;u{ ug'{ x'g] tL dxfg 1ft c1ft zxLbx? k|lt nfn ;No"6 ;lxt efjk"0f{ >bf~hnL ck0f{ ub}{, ju{;+3if{sf ljljw df]rf{ / 6«]~rx?df jxfb"/Lk"j{s nl8/xg' ePsf kf6L{, df]rf{ / ;]gfsf ;a} g]t[Tj, sfo{stf{ / cfd d"lQmsfdL g]kfnL hg;d'bfodf xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'e–sfdgf JoQm ub{5' . g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] sl/j $% jif{sf] k6\of/ nfUbf] k|;j kL8faf6 hlGdPsf] dxfg hgo'4 pd]/sf] b[li6n] cf7 jif{sf] z}zj g} ePtf klg /fli6«o cGt{/fli6«o kl/j]z / k[i7e'ld tyf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] j}rfl/s /fhg}lts kl/j];df cfTdLs / ef}lts b'j} b[li6n] :j:y, ;d[4 / kl/kSstf xfl;n ub}{ g]kfnL /fhg}lts /+ud+rdf cfkm\gf] lg0ff{os pkl:ylt hgfpg'sf] ;fy} cGt{/fli6«o hutdf ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ k|efj lbO/x]sf] 5 . dfn]dfjfbsf] cfwf/e"t k|:tfjgf k|lt b[9 x'b} / To;sf] ;[hgfTds k|of]u ub}{ cl3 a9\g ;s]df tdfd k|sf/sf cfGtl/s / afXo k|lts'ntfsf jfjh'b klg ;j{xf/f ju{n] cfºgf] ef}lts g}lts ljhonfO{ ;'lglZrt / ;lGgs6 u/fpg ;Qm5 eGg] s'/f cfºgf] cf7 jif{sf cg]sf} c;fwf/0f / cfZro{hgs kl/0ffd ;lxtsf cg'ejx?4f/f g]kfn / ljZj hutdf ;fljt ul/lbPsf] 5 .

dxfg g]kfnL hgo'4 ef}ltsjfbL 4Gbjfbsf] d"n k|:yfkgf cg'?k ljz]ift g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf / ;fdfGotM ljZj hutdf b]vf k/]sf jt{dfg j}rfl/s /fhg}lts ;d:ofnfO{ lg?k0f ug]{ dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyLo qmflGtsf/L Jojxf/sf] cleJolQm xf] . ctM o;sf] P]ltxfl;s yfngLb]lv cfh ko{Gt o;n] afX\o ?kdf ;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfb;+u eLif0f ju{o'4 / cfGtl/s ?kdf sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng leq b]vf k/]sf] ?9LjfbL cg'ejjfbL k|j[ltsf lj?4 j}rfl/s /fhg}lts ;+3{if ;+rfng ub}{ cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . l;4fGtsf] Jojxf/;+u tyf Jojxf/sf] l;4fGt;+usf] j}1flgs ;+dfof]hg g} ef}ltsjfbL bG4jfbsf] d'n ljz]iftf xf] . o; cy{df ljrf/ of]hgf;+u, of]hgf ;+u7g;+u / ;+u7g of]hgfsf] b[9 lqmofGjog;+u cGt/;+alGwt x'G5g . j}rfl/s kl/z'4tfsf] t lgs} rrf{ ug]{ t/ qmflGtsf/L Jojxf/ tyf Jojxf/Ls of]hgf k|lt pk]IFf of pbfl;gtf b]vfpg' h8;'qLo sNkgfjfb xf] eg] of]hgf lgdf{0f / To;sf] lqmofGjogdf t lgs} hf]8 lbg] t/ To;nfO{ qmflGtsf/L l;4fGt;+u uf:g] s'/fsf] dxTjnfO{ of] jf Tof] 9+un] kG5fpg' jf Go'lgs/0f ug'{ Jojxf/jfbL cg'ejjfb xf] . dxfg hgo'4 oL b'j} ef}ltsjfbL 4Gbjfb ljkl/tsf unt k|j[lt lj?4 ;'?b]lv cfh ko{Gt lg/Gt/ ;+3{if ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . oxLg]/ s] s'/fdf klg xfdL ;a} :ki6 x'g' kb{5 eg] ;f/tM oL g} k|j[lt t/ ?kdf cln leGg b]lvg] csf]{ k|j[lt— gj jfdk+yL k|j[lt lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf] oBlk Tolt rrf{df geP klg sd dxTj /x]sf] 5}g . ;fdfGotM dfS;{ n]lgg s} cjlw b]lv / vf; u/L !($) sf] bzsjf6 cfnf]rgfTds dfS;{jfb (Critical marksim) sf kIfkflt eP/ b]vf k/]sf] of] k|j[ltn] ef}ltsjfbL 4Gbjfbsf] ;+1fgnfO{ 4GbfTds ts{ zf:qsf ?kdf lnb} ;}4flGts ;d[4L / To;sf] dxTjsf] af/]df t v'a} hf]8 lbg] t/ qmflGtsf/L Jojxf/ k|lt eg] pk]Iffefj jf cs{d0otf k|s6 ub}{ cfPsf] of] wf/f oBlk !(*) sf] bzs;Dd cfpbf ;Lldt k|f1x? ljrsf] jf}l4s ljnf; jf ljv08g / lj;{hgdf kl/0ft x'g k'u]sf 5g . t/ klg 4GbfTds ts{zf:qsf] :jLs/0f t/ kbfy{ cyf{t ef}lts hutsf] PsLs/0f cyf{t s]Gb|Ls/0f ;DaGwL ef}ltsjfbL 4Gbjfbsf] l;4fGt / Jojxf/sf] c:jLs/0f ug]{ of] gj jfdk+yLo k|j[lQn] Psftkm{ gsf/fTds 4GbjfbL kåltsf] cg';/0f ug]{ / ;}4flGts ;d[l4 / kl/z'4tf sf] kIf kf]if0f ub}{ JolQmjfbL c/fhstfsf] sf]0faf6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+s'rLt / l;ldt agfpg] tyf Jofjxfl/s ?kdf :j:km"t{tfjfbL / ;'wf/jfbL sf]0faf6 blIf0fk+yL z+zf]wgjfb tyf ;'wf/jfb;“usf] e4f 3fnd]ndf hf]8 lbg] ?kdf clxn] klg a]nf jvt ljZjsf sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf cleJoQm x'g] u/]sf] 5 . dxfg hgo'4sf] oL cf7 jif{n] h8;'qLo ;+zf]wgjfb tyf cg'ejjfb ;“u} gj–jfdk+yL ;'wf/jfbnfO{ ;d]t /fd|};“u ;txdf NofO{lbPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} kf6L{ leq slyt b'O{nfOg ;+3if{sf] gfddf lvrnf] / c•L yfKg] t/ b'Zdg ;fd' kg]{ ljlQs} l6Dd'/ d'vdf nfu]sf] h'uf em}+ vq\ofs v'q's kg]{ / ;j} jfGtf ug]{ kf6L{ leqsf cfTd;dk{0fjfbL k|j[lt tyf cfnf]s k|j[lQ ;“u} cGo ljljw ?ksf blIf0fk+yL k|j[lQ / kfqx? klg cf7 jif{sf qmddf emgemg pbf¨Lb} / k/f:t x'b} uPsf 5g\ .

ljsf; ;DaGwL dfn]dfjfbsf] cfwf/e't bfz{lgs k|:yfkgf ;+u} ljz]iftM wSsf, qmde+u, 5nf¨ / dxfljQLsf] k|s[ofdf hf]8 lbb} ljsl;t k|r08kyn] j}rfl/s ;+3{if dfq xf]O{g cfºgf] ju{ ;+3{ifsf] of]hgf lgdf{0f / lqmofGjogsf] k|s[ofdf ;d]t z'? b]lv g} oxL k|:yfkgfnfO{ ;dfof]lht ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . b]zJofkL ljb|f]x (Rebel) sf] z+v3f]if ;lxtsf] dxfg yfngL, ljut cf7 jif{sf k|To]s sfo{ of]hgfsf] k|f/De ;fy} /0fg}lts r/0fdf k|j]zsf x/]s k|s[ofx?, tL cfkm}df qmde+u wSsf 5nf¨ lyP eg] cf– cfºg} ;fk]IFtfdf tLgn] cfkm} leq / afxL/ klg cg]sf} dxfljklQsf] ;[li6 / ;dfwfg klg ub}{ cfP . o; cy{df dxfg hgo'4sf cf7 jif{sf k|To]s sfo{g}lts / /0fg}lts of]hgfx?n] cf–cfºgf ;fk]IFtfdf cfºg} df}lnstf, ljlzi6tf / eJotfnfO{ lrlqt u/]sf] 5 . lb3{sfnLg hgo'4 / ;z:q hgljb|f]xsf] ;dfof]hg u/L ljsl;t ePsf] k|r08kysf] gof“ /fhg}lts sfo{lbzf cg'?k cufl8 a9L/x]sf] dxfg g]kfnL hgo'4 /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngaf6 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0f tkm{ p4lts/0fsf] qmd;+u} Psftkm{ cfºgf] kmf}hL /0fgLltdf kl/jt{g (Shift) ;“u} csf]{ tkm{ b]zJofkL hftLo / If]qLo :jfoQ ;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ffsf] k|s[ofaf6 cl3 jl9/x]sf] 5 . o;n] jt{dfg kl/j]zdf cfwf/–Onfsfsf] ;'b[9 / lj:tf/ ub}{ k|Tofqmd0f tyf b]zJofkL hg;+3{ifsf] ljsf;;+u ;z:q ljb|f]xsf] tof/Lsf] a'emfO{df of] jf Tof] ?kdf b]vf kg]{ Psf¨L / oflGqs b[li6sf]0fnfO{ :ki6 ub}{ k|r08ky sf] gof“ sfo{lbzf cg'?k Psftkm{ cfwf/–Onfsfsf] ;'b[9 lj:tf/ ;lxt k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/L / csf]{tkm{ b]zJofkL hg;+3{ifsf] ljsf; ub}{ ;z:q ljb|f]xsf] tof/LnfO{ Ps};fy ;dfof]lht ub}{ cl3 al9/x]sf] s'/f :ki6 5 . cfjZostf / cfslidstf cGt{lglxt of] sfo{of]hgf o; cy{df ljz]iftM g]kfn / ;fdfGotM ljZjs} nflu klg csf]{ gof“ qmde+utf / 5nf¨ x'g k'u]sf] 5 .

dxfg hgo'4sf cf7 jif{sf] ljsf;qmdn] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf nfdf] ;do b]lv b]zelQmsf] cfj/0fdf n'Sb} hgdfg;df e|d lbb} cfPsf] ;fdGtL /fhtGq / gf]s/zfxL tyf bnfn k"“hLklt ju{ ljrsf] u7aGwg / pgLx?jLrsf] ?kdf b]lvg] leGgtf;+u} b]zeQm / ;fdGtjfb Ps};fy /xg g;Sg] oyf{ytfnfO{ /fhf lj/]Gb|sf] j+z ljgf; / 1fg]Gb| zfxsf] /fHo/f]x0f;+u} ljsl;t 36gfqmd ;lxt kbf{kmf; ul/lbPsf] 5 eg], cfºgf] :jfy{df vnn k'Ug] ljlQs} slyt k|hftGq / dfgj clwsf/sf] cfj/0f leqsf] ;fd|fHojfbL ljz]iftM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbL tyf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL zfzs ju{sf] kmf;Li6 tyf bfgjL ?knfO{ klg dxfg hgo'4sf] cf7 jif{n] g]kfn / ljZj hg;d'bfo ;dIF /fd|};+u pbf¨f] kfl/lbPsf] 5 . cfkm'nfO{ k'“hLjfbL k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] dl;xf 7fGg] g]kfnsf ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts kf6L{x? cfºgf] ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] /IFf / ljsf; ug{sfnflu j}rfl/s /fhg}lts :jtGqtf, :ki6tf / b[9tfdf slt v/f /x]5g eGg] tYo klg ca lbgsf] 3fd em} 5n{¨ x'b} uPsf] 5 eg] slyt ;[hgfTdstfsf] cfj/0fdf cfkm'nfO{ n'sfpb} cfPsf] g]kfnL jfd cfGbf]ngsf blIf0fk+yL ;+zf]wgjfbL / dWodfuL{ ;'wf/jfbL u'6sf pku'6x?sf] s'kd08'stf, kfv08tf, sfo/tf / lgl/xtfnfO{ klg dxfg hgo'4sf oL cf7 jif{n] j}rfl/s / Jojxfl/s ?kdf /fd|};+u phfu/ ul/lbPsf] 5 .

æHjf/ef6fsf] lj?4 hfg' g} qmflGtsf] lgod xf] / To;/L dfq gof“ Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0f x'g ;Sb5Æ . cWoIf s= k|r08sf] of] egfO{nfO{ rl/tfy{ ub}{ dxfg g]kfnL hgo'4n] cfkm\gf] cf“wLdo cf7 jif{ j}rfl/s / Jofjxfl/s b'j} b[li6n] ljljw Hjf/ef6fsf] ;fdgf ub}{ ;kmntf k"j{s gjf}“ jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . ef}ltsjfbL 4Gbjfbsf] ljsf;sf] ;/naf6 hl6n tyf ;lk{n k|s[of cg';f/ o;sf cufl8 jfx\o / cfGtl/s b'j} ?kdf cem} sof}+ hl6ntf / c;fwf/0f r'gf}tLx? cfpg cjZoDefjL 5 . tLgsf] ;fdgf ub}{ cufl8 j9\gsf nflu xfdL ;j} qmflGtsf/Lx?sf sf“wdf Psflt/ dfn]dfjfbL ljZj b[li6sf]0f, lrGtg k4lt / sfo{k4ltdf k|r08kyn] u/]sf] gof“ ljsf;sf] jf/]df cem} gof“ 9+un] cWoog / ;Zn]if0f ug]{ / csf]{ tkm{ blIf0fk+yL cfTd;dk{0fjfb tyf cfTd;'/IffjfbL k|j[lt lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ cem ltI0f agfpb} pRr ;xf;, ;+sNk / ;[hgfTdstf ;lxt lqmofGjogdf hfg' kg]{ uxg sfo{ef/ cem} a9]sf