o'4df]rf{sf s]xL cg'e"ltx?
k|df]b
ljZj
;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|b:tf g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ n] @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut]af6 dxfg\
hgo'4sf] ;'?jft u¥of] . ToxL j]nfb]lv kf6L{n] kmf}hL / u}/kmf}hL sfdnfO{
cl3 a9fp“b} ljleGg r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ub}{ cfºgf] ljsf;sf] ultnfO{ cl3 a9fp“b}
hfg] qmddf ;]gf lgdf{0fsf] ultnfO{ klg cl3 a9fp“b} nUof] . ljleGg vfnsf
kmf}hL, /fhg}lts, ;}4flGts / j}rfl/s df]rf{x?df ljho k|fKt ub}{ cfºgf] ;Ifd /
h'emf? PstfnfO{ alnof] kfb}{ uPkl5 cflQg k'u]sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL zfifs ju{ Pskl5
csf]{ xf/sf] cj:yfdf k'U5 / jftf{sf] s'/fnfO{ cl3 ;f5{ . jftf{af6 cfd
hgtfsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ g;s] klg cfºgf] tkm{af6 /flvg] ;a} Ph]08f;lxt xfd|f]
uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ jftf{sf] lglDt cl3 a8\b5 . @ r/0fsf] jftf{;Dd hf“bf klg
s'g} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g g;Sg] cj:yf cfp“5 / xfd|f] klg lelq tof/L cfºg} ultdf
x'G5 . k|ltlqmofjfbL xTof/f] ;/sf/sf] jftf{ e+u ug]{, xfd|f] cfwf/
If]qnfO{ klxnf sAhfdf lng] / xfd|f] kf6L{sf] d'Vo zlQmnfO{ l;Wofpg] if8\oGqnfO{
cToGt uDeL/tfsf;fy lnP/ j}rfl/s df]rf{ n8\b} lyof] . h'g a]nf xfdL klg kf6L{sf]
gLlt cg';f/ cfºgf] ;}Go zlQmnfO{ r':t / PS;kf]6{ agfp“b} kmf}hL tof/Lsf] lglDt
cl3 a9of}+ .
h'g a]nf d
cfkm'nfO{ kf6L{n] $ g+ sDkgLsf] lhDd]jf/L lbPsf] lyof] . ;a} sDkgLsf
sd/]8x?nfO{ kmd]{zgdf /fVb} ha dnfO{ kf6L{n] lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{ ;nf{xLsf]
r'/]af6 ofqf cl3 a8\5 . dnfO{ cfºgf] u[x lhNnf l;Gw'nLaf6 ;a} ;fyLx?n]
ljbfO u/]/ k7fpg' x'G5 . To;kl5 d cfºgf] sDkgL lnP/ bf]nvf lhNnflt/
nfU5' . w]/} lbgsf] nfdf] ofqfkl5 bf]nvf lhNnf k'luG5 . rf/}lt/af6
d':s'/fO{ /x]sf] lxdfnn] $ g+ sDkgLnfO{ :jfut u/]sf] cg'e"lt
x'GYof] . Toxf“ ;a} sDkgLsf sdf08/ sd/]8x?n] cf–cfºgf] 6LdnfO{ lnP/ cfpg'
x'G5 . 6Ldx? aLrdf klg lr/–kl/lrt ;fyLx?;“u cf–cfºgf] cg'e"lt ;f6f;f6
ub}{ /xG5f}+ / xfd|f] klg kf6L{{sf] of]hgf k'/f ug{ l/SsLdf hfg] ;Nnfx x'G5 .
h; cg';f/ l/SsL lt/ nfU5f}+ . Tolta]nf kf6L{n] Ps} /ftdf wtL{ cfsfz
xNnfpg] u/L k"j{, klZrd / dWou/L # j6f sdf08df wSsf lbg] u/L of]hgf
agfPsf] lyof] . h'g a]nf jftf{ e¨ u/]/ gof“ o'4sf] ;'?jft ug]{ lbgnfO{
kv]{/ xfdL klg al;/x]sf lyof}+ . cfh eGbf ef]ln lbg glhs} cfO{;s]sf]
lyof] . xfdL klg cfGtl/s sfo{ / l/SsL ;s]/ ;a} tof/L k'/f u/L ;s]sf
lyof}+ . xfd|f] clGtd 6fu]{6 ;u/dfyfsf] sfvdf /x]sf] lhNnf ;f]n'sf] ;Nn]/L
lyof] . cfGtl/s tof/L ub}{ pQm Aof6ndf cfO{kg]{ lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k'/f ug{
cfs{ 5'6\ofpg] qmddf $ g+ sDkgLnfO{ l;l8of] sfof{no, jfl0fHo a}+s, sf/fuf/
k/]sf] lyof] . ;a} ;]gfgL sd/]8x?nfO{ gSzf cWoog u/fp“b} P;N6, /Lhe{ / :6s
nufot u|'k 6f]nL ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] . h; cg';f/ kmd]{zg ldnfP/ clGtd
tof/L ;ls Aof6nsf] clGtd ;]N6/lt/ nfU5f}+ . h'g xfd|f] clGtd lbg
lyof] . )%*÷*÷* ut] ;a}lt/ Ps} ;fysf] wSsf -z]s ck_ ;kmn kfg{ xfdL cl3
a9\5f}+ . crfgs af6f]df Pshgf sd/]8sf] ;fydf ePsf] u|Lg]6 ljikmf]6 eP/
xfd|f] 6fu|]6 klxnf g} PS;kf]h x'G5 . xfdL aLrdf cndNn k/]/ km]l/
kmls{G5f}+ . ef]lnkN6 /]l8of]df ;dfrf/ ;'Gbf klZrdsf] bf¨, dWosf] :ofªhf
k"0f{?kdf sAhf u/]sf] ;dfrf/ ;'lgG5 . ;a} ;fyLx? xlif{t x'G5g\ .
xfdL cfºgf] cfGtl/s sf/0faf6 aLr af6f]df k'u]/ kms{g' kbf{ cToGt} lrlGtt /
cfqmf]lzt klg ly+of} / xfdL km]/L …)Ú u'k|sf sd/]8x? a;L csf]{ Aof6nsf] nflu
;Nnfx u/L cfGtl/s l/SsLdf hfG5f}+ . cGo :yfgdf ;dosf] klg rfkn] ubf{ ToxL
klxnfs} 7fp‘df pko'Qm x'g] ;Nnfx eof] . /, xfdLn] km]/L cfºgf] 6Ld lnP/
;Nn]/L ;b/d'sfd lt/ nfU5f}+ . xfd|f] $ g+ sDkgLsf] efudf lhNnf k|x/L
sfof{no g} lyof] . sl/a /ftsf] !) ah]lt/ ;'? eof] cfqmd0f, ljxfg % ah];Dd
leif0f n8fO{ eof] . $ g+ sDkgLn] cfºgf] efudf k/]sf] lh=k|=sf=, sf/fuf/ /
a}+s sAhfdf lnP/ ;a} ;fdfu|Lx? cfºgf] dftxtdf lnPsf] lyof] . d'Vo zfxL
;]gfsf] SofDk eg] af“sL g} lyof] . eL8Gtsf] qmddf w]/} sd/]8x? 3fon
cj:yfdf / s]xL sd/]8x?sf] zxfbt eO{/x]sf] lyof] . xfd|} cfºgf] s]xL
sdhf]/Ln] ubf{ ;}lgs SofDk k"0f{ Aof6n ;kmn kfg{ g;s] klg cfºgf] cfs{nfO{
eg] zfgbf/ ;kmn kf/L, csf]{ cfs{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ hf‘bf ;don] g]6f] sfl6;s]sf]
x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ /L6«L6sf] sf;g xf]n sdf08/af6 cfp“b5, ;a} cfºgf] cfs{af6
3fO{t] / zxLb x'g' ePsf sd/]8x?nfO{ lnP/ ;'/lIFt ;]N6/lt/ kms{G5f}+ .
af6f]df zxLb sd/]8x?sf] zjnfO{ ;b\ut u/L 3fon sd/]8x?nfO{ lnP/ lx8\5f}+ .
k"j{df klg leif0f cfqmd0f u/]/ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfºgf] ;fxl;s sbdnfO{
cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k'/fpb5 eg] g]kfnsf zfifsju{x? cflQP/ b]zdf ;+s6sfn nufO{
b]znfO{ g} /utfDo agfpg zfxL ;]gf kl/rfng u/]/ gfsfaGb, 3]/fp / lk5f nfUb}
lx8\g yfn] . xfdL eg] pgLx?sf] gfsfaGbL, if8\oGqnfO{ 3]/f tf]8\b} cfºgf]
sfo{IF]q lt/ nfU5f} . s/La Ps dlxgf;Dd pgLx?sf] 3]/fjGbL tf]8b} xfdL cfºgf]
sfo{If]qdf k'luG5 .
xfdL hltv]/ klg
leif0f n8fOdf ePsf sf/0f km]/L csf]{ n8fOsf]
tof/Ldf nfU5f}+ / Toltv]/sf] xfd|f] $ g+ sDkgLsf] e"uf]n t/fO{sf]
;dyn e"–efudf g} kYof{] . l/SsL ug{ klg t/fO{df g} hfg' kYof]{ .
b'Zdgn] ;'/lIft 7fg]/ a;]sf] ;nf{xL lhNnfsf] nfnaGbL rf}sLnfO{ g} clGtd 6fu]{6 agfpg] nIolt/ xfdL
nfUof}+ . h;n] P]ltxfl;s dxTj klg /fv]sf] x'“bf To;nfO{ g} of]hgf
agfof}+ . Tof] n8f‘Osf] k"0f{ sdf08 cfkm}n] ug'{ kg]{ x'gfn] d
lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{ uDeL/ / cft'/ lyP . ;a} hgd'lQm ;]gfgL sd/]8x?nfO{ $ g+
sDkgLn] dfq pQm PS;g ug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf uDeL/ agfp“b} gSzf cWoogsf ;fy clGtd
;]N6/df k'luof] . To;kZrft ult lnP/ nfnaGbLlt/ nfU5f}+ . dx]Gb|
/fhdfu{sf] P]ltxfl;s 7fp“df /x]sf] nfnaGbL k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ sAhf u/]/ Toxf“ ePsf
;a} o'4 ;fdfu|L, a}+sdf /x]sf] gub tyf lhG;L ;fdfg sAhf u/L Toxf“af6 ;kmntf
xfl;n ub}{ kmlsG5f}+ / Tof] df]rf{df s= ;'lzn, s= sfod / s= lg/fhg u/L # hgfn]
cToGt zfx;k"j{s jlnbfg ug'{ eof] . tL dxfg zxLbx?sf] ck'/f] ;kgf k'/f
ug]{ c7f]6sf ;fy nfU5f}+ .
xfd|f] kf6L{sf]
;+u7gdf ePsf] ljsf;;“u} ;}Go ;+/rgfdf klg k"j{df @ j6f j6flnog agfpg]
lg0f{o x'G5 . ;f]n'–;Nn]/L 5}7f}+ j6flnogsf] sdf08/sf] lhDdf dnfO{ k/]sf]
lyof] . hxf“ To; j6flnog cGtu{t # j6f sDkgL lyP . tL sDkgLx?nfO{
cfºgf] sfo{If]qdf kl/rfng ub}{ ;kmn, c;kmn / u}/kmf}hL tyf kmf}hL sfdx? ub}{
b'O{j6f j6flnogn] zlQmzfnL b'Zdgsf] Aof/]s sAhfsf] of]hgf agfOG5 . Tof]
clGtd tof/Ldf k'u]sf] j]nf PS;kf]h x'G5 . To;kl5 xfdL l;w} l;Gw'nL
lhNnfsf] ledfg ;z:q k|x/L SofDknfO{ sAhf ug]{ of]hgf agfP/ hfG5f}+ .
ledfgdf /x]sf] b'Zdgsf] kmf]6L{lkms]zg clt g} dha't /x]5 . t/ klg hlt;'s}
dhj't ePklg hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] of]hgfdf k/]kl5 cfqmd0f ;kmn gx'g] s'/} lyPg .
d cfkm'nfO{ blIF0f ;fO8 sdf08 k/]sf] lyof] . leif0f cfqmd0fkl5 k"0f{
;kmntf xfl;n u5f}+ . h;df xf]gxf/ sDkgL eL=;L=nufot @$ hgf sd/]8x/n] cToGt
pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ x'G5 . Tof] jlnbfgnfO{ zlQmdf abNb} To;sf] abnf lng
km]/L xfdL ?Dhf6f/ k'U5f}+ . ;a} Toxf“sf jfx\o tyf cfGtl/s tof/Ldf sdhf]/
ePsf] sf/0f xfdL Tof] ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;Sb}gf} tfsL Tof] 7fp“df n8fO ;'?
x'g'eGbf k"j{ g} xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{ ultljlw b'Zdgn] yfxf kfO{;s]sf] /x]5
/ b'Zdg Pn6{ eO{;s]sf] lyof] . Tolt eP klg kxn sbdL lng] sfd eof] / 7Ls}
;do cg'?k kmfo/ pb3f6g eof] . sl/a !) ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd o'4n] 3lge"t
?k lnof] . ljxfg ldld{/] pHofnf] x'“bf;Dd nl8/x]Yof}+ / s]xL ;dokl5
b'Zdgsf] dflyaf6 gfO6 lehg x]lnsf]K6/ NofP/ cfºgf] SofDknfO{ hf]ufpg ;kmn
eof] . k|ltlqmofjfbL zfxL ;]gfsf sdf08/;lxt s]xLsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg]
xfd|f] tkm{ @$ hgf xf]gxf/ sd/]8x?n] pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
xfdL Tof] df]rf{df k/flht eP klg xhf/f}+ Aof6n lhTg] hf]lznf] k|]/0ff ldn]sf]
lyof] . xfdLn] ljutdf ePsf sdL–sdhf]/Laf6 kf7 l;Sb} cl3 a8\g] c7f]6sf;fy
P]ltxfl;s nfxfg O=k|=sf= tyf a}+sx? ;fgbf/sf;fy sAhf ug]{ sfo{ eof] .
t/n /fhg}lts
cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ bf];|f] k6ssf] o'4 lj/fd, jftf{ k|lqmof t]>f] r/0fsf]
jftf{sf] k|lqmofdf hfg] qmddf ;'? ePsf] o:tf] lsl;dsf] kmf}hL cj:yfnfO{ dWo]gh/
ubf{ km]/L klg hf]8bf/sf ;fy kmf}hL sfjf{xL cufl8 a9fO{ kmf;LjfbL /fHo;QfnfO{
7"nf] emfk6 lbg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . lsgsL jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ nDAofp“b} nfg]
/ kf6L{nfO{ lgz:q agfpg] gLlt kl5Nnf] r/0fsf] jftf{df ckgfO{ /x]sf]
lyof] . h;n] ubf{ kf6L{n] km]/L klg jftf{ ug'{sf] s'g} cf}lrTo gePsf]
aQmAo ;fj{hlgs u/] kZrft\ lg0ff{os o'4 n8\gsf] lglDt ;}Go k+lQmsf sd/]8x? ;hu /
;t{s /xg h?/L eof] . To;kl5 xfd|f] tkm{jf6 ePsf ljs]Gb|Lt sf/jfxLx?df
zfgbf/ ;kmntf k|fKt x'‘b} uO/x]sf] 5 . lsgsL k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfn] xfdLnfO{
aRrfnfO{ ld7fO{ b]vfP/ kmsfPsf] h:tf] gf6s km]/L /Rb}5, To;nfO{ k5fg{sf] lglDt
klg xfdL ;Dk"0f{ ;]gf, kf6L{ ;+u7g, df]rf{ ;r]t eO{ /0fg}lts ;+t'ngsf]
cj:yfaf6 k|Tofqmd0fdf hfgsf] lglDt jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf ljutsf] eGbf pRr ;fx;,
ljj]s, jlnbfgL efjn] cf]tk|f]t x'g clgjfo{ lyof] . oltj]nf xfdLn] dxfg u'?
s= dfS;{sf] egfO{– All philosophers have only interpreted the world in various way but the
point is to chang nfO{ b[9tfsf;fy cfTd;fy ug{ h?/L 5 .
-n]vs hgd'lQm
;]gf g]kfn kfrf}+ lau|]8 sdf08/ x'g'x'G5 ._