æ=====hlt ;'s} abgfd / 3[l0ft ePklg Oltxf;sf] d+raf6 lg/+s'z ;fdGtL zf;sx? cfkm'v'zL aflxl/g tof/ x'“b}gg\ . To;sf lgldQ hgtfsf tkm{af6 ljljw ;+3if{sf andf plgx?nfO{ unxTofP/ ldNsfpg' clgjfo{ x'G5 .Æ — k|r08
g] s kf -dfcf]afbL_sf cWoIf tyf hgd'lQm z]gf g]kfnsf ;af]{Rr sdf08/ sd/]8 k|r08 af6 ;d;fdlxs g]kfnL /fhg}lts laifodf hgfb]z ;fKtflxsnfO{ lbg'ePsf] cGt/atf{====
!= b]zsf] jt{dfg
/fhg}lts kl/l:yltnfO{ s;l/ x]l//xg' ePsf] 5 < k'/fgf] ;Qfdf kl/jt{g /
lgjf{rg 3f]if0ffsf] rrf{ rln/x]sf] ;Gbe{df ljBdfg ;+s6sf] lgsf;af/] kf6L{sf]
wf/0ff :ki6 ul/lbg' x'GYof] ls <
pQ/ M–
cfh b]z, k|hftflGqs u0ftGq / lg/+s'z ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf aLrdf clGtd / lg0ff{os
;+3if{sf] P]ltxfl;s 3l8af6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . @!cf}+ ztflAbsf] P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf
/ hg;d'bfosf] ljzfn ax'dtsf] r]tgfn] u0ftflGqs /fHo k|0ffnLnfO{ ckl/xfo{
agfO;s]sf] 5 . t/, hlt ;'s} abgfd / 3[l0ft ePklg Oltxf;sf] d+raf6 lg/+s'z
;fdGtL zf;sx? cfkm'v'zL aflxl/g tof/ x'“b}gg\ . To;sf lgldQ hgtfsf tkm{af6
ljljw ;+3if{sf andf plgx?nfO{ unxTofP/ ldNsfpg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . clxn] ;z:q /
zflGtk"0f{ ;+3if{sf ;a}?kx?sf] k|of]u ub}{ g]kfnL hgtf Tolx P]ltxfl;s
k|ls|ofnfO{ clGtd?kn] ;kmn kfg{ cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . of] j:t'ut P]ltxfl;s
;Gbe{df k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfdf x'g] ;/sf/ kl/jt{g jf slyt lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ffn]
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf]Og To;n] l:yltnfO{ cem u+eL/, h6Ln / /Qmkftk"0f{dfq
agfpg] tYo Oltxf;l;4 /x]sf] 5 . oxf“ of] s'/f klg :ki6 x'“b}+ cfPsf] 5 ls g]kfn
/ g]kfnL hgtfsf b]z / ljb]zL b'Zdgx? ;d:ofsf] s'g} zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg xf]Og
cfkm\gf] lglxt :jfy{ cg';f/ l:yltnfO{ u+eL/, h6:n / /Qmkftk"0f{dfq agfpg
rfxfG5g\ . of] l:yltdf b]z / hgtfk|lt jf:tljs lhDd]jf/Laf]w ug]{ ;Dk"0f{
hg–kIfLo zlQmx? slyt ;/sf/ kl/jt{g / lgjf{rgsf] v]nsf] e|ddf gkl/ cfGbf]ngnfO{
lg0ff{os?klbg Psh'6 x'g cfh Oltxf;sf] cx“ st{Jo x'g cfPsf] 5 . lg/+s'z ;fdGtL
b/jf/ / j}b]lzs ;fd|fHojfbsf] u'? of]hgf (Grand
design) cGtu{t x'g]
;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] v]n Pp6f e|d / wf]vf l;jfo c? s]xL xf]Og .
xfd|f] kf6L{n] b]zdf ljBdfg ;+s6sf]
zflGtk"0f{ /fhg}lts ;dfwfgsf] ;j{dfGo k|hftflGqs ljlw–cfd hgtfnfO{
cfkm\gf] efUosf] km}znf cfkm} ug{ lbg] ljlwdf hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . ha;Dd
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf gfOs]x? g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{sf]
;§f clxn] h:t} ljb]zL k|e'x?sf] O;f/fdf bdg / if8oGqsf]dfq ;xf/f lnO/xG5g\
ta;Dd ;+s6sf] zflGtk"0f{ lgsf; ;+ej 5}g . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ /
;+ljwfg–;efsf] lgjf{rg g} To:tf] k|hftflGqs ljlw xf] h;n] b]zdf ljBdfg ;a}
;d:ofx?nfO{ 7Ls 9+un] ;+jf]wg ug{ ;Sb5 . olb s;}n] b]zsf] k|d'v d'4fnfO{
;+jf]wg gul/ ;d:of, ;dfwfgsf] ;kgf b]v]sf] 5 eg] Tof] b'Z;kgfdfq x'g] 5 .
@= tkfO{x?n] xfn} lgs} k|efjsf/Lvfnsf] Ps
dlxg] sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff ug{'ePsf] 5 . olta]n} of] ;zQm sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff
ug{'kg{] cfjZostfsf] dx;'; lsg ug{'eof] <
pQ/ M–
;fdGtL k|ltudgsf/L s'Voft b/af/ xTofsf08b]lvg} xfd|f] kf6L{n] b]zdf u0ftGqsf]
:yfkgfsfnflu ;+;bleq / aflx/sf ;a} hgkIfLo /fhg}lts zlQmx?;+u Pstfa4 ;+3if{sf]
P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfdf ljz]if hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] cfkm\gf tkm{af6
To;sfnflu kmf}hL / u}X kmf}hL b'a} k|sf/sf ;+3if{sf sfo{s|dx? ;~rfng ub}{
cfPsf] oyfy{klg :ki6 g} 5 . clxn] /fhg}lts 36gfs|dsf] ljsf;n] ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts
bnx?nfO{ klg ;fdGtL k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;zQm?kn] ;8sdf pqg afWo kfl//x]sf] 5 .
;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts bnx?;+u ;DalGwt o'jf zlQmn] ;8sdf u0ftGqsf] gf/f 3GsfO/x]sf]
5 . /fhg}lts kl/jt{gsf] of] ;+j]bglzn 3l8df b]zdf cfd"n kl/jt{gsf lgldQ /
jiff}{b]lv o'4/t Pp6f qmflGtsf/L kf6L{sf x}lzotn] xfdLn] cfGbf]ng/t ;a}
/fhg}lts zlQmx?nfO{ u0ftGqsf] Go"gtd nIodf Pstfa4 x'g cfJxfg ub}{ ;8ssf]
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ / Tof];+u tfnd]n sfod ug]{ ljz]if cfjZostf dxz'; u/]/
g} ;+3if{sf] gof“ sfo{s|d 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] .
#= tkfO{x?n] cufl8
;fg{'ePsf ;+3if{sf gof sfo{qmddf pkTosfnufot ;a} lhNnfsf ;b/d'sfddf zfxL ;/sf/L
afxgx?sf] cfjthfjtdf gfsfjGbL / ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] s/ tyf dx;'n p7fpg
tyf /f]s nufpg] 3f]if0ff ug{'ePsf] 5 . clxn] g} To; sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ sltsf]
;+ej 5 <
pQ/ M–
klxnf] s'/f k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] cl:tTj, hgtfdf geP/ hgo'4sf] a9\bf] cfs|dstfsf cufl8
l;lyn aGb} uPsf] slyt zfxL ;]gfdf dfq l;ldt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . bf];|f] s'/f, lhNnf
;b/d'sfd / /fhwfgL df ;d]t ljut s]xL ;dob]lv ljleGg k|sf/sf gfsfalGbsf sfo{s|dx?
;kmn x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ . t];|f] s'/f, k'/fgf] ;8]sf] ;QfnfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] s/ gltg{ ;fdfGo cfJxfg xfdLn] ub}{
cfPsf] k[i7e"dL ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/f xf] . of] ;Gbe{ / k[i7e"dLdf
clxn] 3f]lift sfo{s|d nfu' x'g ;Sg] tYo :jtM :ki6 5}g / <
$= lj:d[ltdf x/fpg
yfln;s]sf dlNns cfof]un] ls6fg u/]sf ck/fwLx?nfO{ ;d]t sfjf{xL ug{] sfo{qmd
Nofpg'ePsf] 5 . oltv]/ Tof] s'/f lsg ;Demg'eof] <
pQ/ M–
dlNns cfof]uåf/f ls6fg ul/Psf ck/flwx?nfO{ sfo{jfxL ug]{ k|Zg )$^ ;fnsf]
P]ltxfl;s hg–cfGbf]ng;+u ;DalGwt u+eL/ /fhg}lts k|Zg xf] . xfdLn] )$^ ;fnsf]
b/jf/;+usf] ;+emf}tf / To;kl5 ag]sf ;/sf/x?n] e|i6 k+rfotL n"6]/fx?;+u
u/]sf] ;f“7uf“7 / ;xsfo{sf] nuftf/ lj/f]w ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . cfh slyt
pbf/tfk"j{s 5'6 lbOPsf tLg} e|i6 k+rfotL ;fdGtL tTjx?n] g} ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts
bnx?sf 6fpsf]df lu/ v]ln/x]sf 5g\ . )$^ ;fnsf] hg–cfGbf]ngsf] efjgfdf cfwfl/t
dlNns cfof]usf] l/kf]6{nfO{ a]jf:tf ubf{ lgSn]sf] 3fts kl/0ffd k|lt cfd hgtf
Pj+ ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ ;d]t ;fjwfg u/fpg] tyf eljiodf To; k|sf/sf] ulNt
gbf]xf]¥ofpg] /fhg}lts / dgf}j}1flgs jftfj/0f tof/ kfg]{ u+eL/ k|oTgsf?kdf
xfdLn] olta]nf of] sfo{s|d 3f]if0ff u/]sf xf}+ .
%= o;k6s …cfd
/fhgLlts x8tfnÚ eg]/ gof zAbfanLsf] k|of]u ug{'ePsf] 5 . klxn]sf] eGbf of] km/s
k|s[ltsf] xf] ls <
pQ/ M–
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{?kn] c:jLsf/ ug]{ kl/l:ylt / ;+3if{sf
sfo{s|dx?sf] ;du| k|s[ltsf sf/0fn] xfdLn] cfd /fhg}lts x8\tfn eg]sf 5f}+ . slyt
;/sf/L s[ofsnfksf lj?4 gfsfalGb, k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ s/, dxz'n gltg{ /flvPsf]
sfo{s|d dlNns cfof]uåf/f lsl6Psf / cGo e|i6 tTjx?dfly sfo{jfxL h:tf] ;+3if{sf?kx?sf]
ljz]iftfn] g} of] ljlzi6 k|s[ltnfO{ O+lut u/]sf] 5 .
^= clxn]sf] sfo{qmd
x]bf{ /0fgLlts zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] l:yltaf6 cfqmfdslt/ km8\sf] df/]sf] cfef; ldN5 .
s] To:t} xf] <
pQ/ M–
g]kfnL hgo'4 /0fg}lts k|Tofs|d0fsf] ;+3f/df cfOk'u]sf] tYo ef]hk'/, a]gL
nufotsf b]zJoflk sfo{jfxLx?n] :ki6 ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/, clxn]sf] ;+3if{sf]
sfo{s|dnfO{ g} /0fg}lts cfs|d0fsf] sfo{s|dsf?kdf a'em\g' eg] ;lx x'“b}g . of]
sfo{s|dn] k|Tofs|d0fsf] k|j]zsf lgldQ k"nsf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sb5 . b]zdf
ljBdfg hg–cfGbf]ngsf] ljlzi6 kl/l:yltdf cufl8 ;fl/Psf] ;+3if{sf] of]
sfo{s|dnfO{ ljlzi6?kdf g} a'em\g' pko'Qm x'g] 5 .
&= dfcf]jfbL
/ ;+;bLo zlQmaLr ;femf sfo{qmddf ;xdlt
agfP/ b'j}sf] ;femf zq' lg/s+'z ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] lj?4 hfg] ;lsb}g lyof] / ;Defjgf geP/} tkfO{x?n] 5'§} sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff ug{'ePsf] xf]
<
pQ/ M–
g]kfndf ;+;bjfbL k|d'v /fhg}lts bnx?sf cfkm\g} l;df / afWotfx? 5g\ . xfdLn]
cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 w]/} klxn] b]lvg} u0ftGqsf kIfdf ;femf sfo{s|d agfP/ cufl8
a9\g ;+;bLo zlQmx?;+u ;d]t k|:tfj /fVb} cfPsf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs g} 5 . clxn] Tof]
k|:tfjsf] kIfdf s|dzM k|ult klg eO/x]sf] 5 . t/, tTsfn ;+o'Qm df]rf{ sfod u/]/
hfg] :t/;Dd To;sf] ljsf; eO;s]sf] 5}g . clxn] Tof] Ps, csf{df lgoldt ;+ks{
ug]{, cf–cfkm\g} 9+un] t/, Pp6} ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGqdfly k|xf/ ug{ cfklz
tfnd]n sfod ug]{ :t/;Dd cfOk'u]sf] 5 . xfd|f] cfkm\gf] sfo{s|d j:t't Tolx
tfnd]ndfly cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 .
*= tkfO{x?n]
sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff ug{'cl3 PsLs[t
cfGbf]ngsf nflu k|:tfj ug{'eof] ls †
pQ/ M–
To;sf lgldQ ;+;bLo zlQmx?;+u xfd|f] lgoldt ;+ks{ / 5nkmn rln/x]sf] 5 . of]
sfo{s|dsf] 3f]if0ffsf ;Gbe{df klg cfGbf]ngsf/L ;+;bLo kf6L{x?sf] ;Nnfx,
;'emfjsf] df“u ul/Psf] lyof] . xfd|f] tkm{af6 cfGbf]ngsf/L /fhg}lts bnsf
g]t[Tjx?;+u cfGbf]ngsf] gf/fnfO{ u0ftGqsf] :t/;Dd p7fpg / Tof] klg ;+ej geP
;+ljwfg–;efsf] lgjf{rg;Dd hfg cfu|x eO/x]sf] 5 . lsgsL b]zdf ljBdfg ;+s6sf]
;dfwfg cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; lbg] gof“ ;+ljwfg lagf ;+ej 5}g . clxn] ljsf;
eO/x]sf] /fhg}lts 36gfs|d / cfGbf]ngsf] ;Gbe{ / ;fk]Iftfdf ;j{blno ;/sf/ jf
;+;b k"g:yfkgfsf s'/fx? w]/} kl5 kl/;s]sf] oyfy{nfO{ ;a}n] ;dod} a'em\g'
b]zsf lgldQ cfjZos eO;s]sf] 5 . u0ftGq / ;+ljwfg–;efsf] lgjf{rgdf xfd|f] hf]8
Tolx cfjZostfsf] kl/0ffd xf] .
(= ljb]zL zlQmx?n]
;+;bjfbL / /fhfaLr Pstf u/fP/ tkfO{x?sf] lj?4 n8fpg ul//x]sf] kxnnfO{ oxf“n]
s;/L lng'ePsf] 5 <
pQ/ M–
g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfjZostf / cfs+IffnfO{ a]jf:tf ug]{ / cfkmg}
k|lts[ofjfbL :jfy{dfq x]g]{ sltko ljb]zL zlQmx?n] ;+;bjfbL ;fdGtL b/jf/ aLrdf
;+emf}tf u/fP/ k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ oyfjt /fVg] lbjf ;kgf b]lv/x]sf 5g\ . t/,
g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts w/ftnnfO{ /fd|f];+u a'em]sf] s'g}klg zlQmn] To;af6 ;d:ofsf]
;dfwfg x'g} g;Sg] oyfy{nfO{ klg plQs} /fd|f];+u a'em]sf] 5 . b/jf/ xTofsf08b]lv
slyt ;+s6sfn / c;f]h !* sf] v'Nnf k|ltudg;Ddsf] l:yltn] To;l/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
x'g g;Sg] tYonfO{ k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5 .
!)= olta]nf ;j{bnLo
;/sf/ / ;+;bLo r'gfjsf] ljifonfO{ lgs}
hf]8tf]8n] rrf{ rnfOPsf] 5 .
cfGbf]ngsf/L ;+;bjfbLx?sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g / r'gfj ug{] s'/f eof] eg]
tkfO{+x?n] To;nfO{ s;/L lng'x'G5 <
pQ/ M–
of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ d"ntM dfly g} &g+= df uO;s]sf] 5 . km]/Lklg xfd|f]
s'/f Psbd} l;wf / :ki6 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] dxfg hgo'4nfO{ ;+jf]wg gul/ aGg]
æ;/sf/Æ jf 3f]if0ff ul/g] ælgjf{rgÆ sf] s'g} cf}lrTo x'g] 5}g . xfdL cfkm\gf]
;Dk"0f{ zlQmsf;fy To;sf] lj/f]w ug]{ 5f}+ . cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sfnflu
gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] kxn ePdf xfdL To;sf] :jfut ug]{ 5f}+ .
!!= Ps} k|s[ltsf] cfGbf]ngdf
;xefuL ePsf hgdf]rf{sf sfo{stf{dfly zfxL ;/sf/n] u/]sf] bdgsf/L Aoaxf/nfO{
oxfx?n] s;/L x]l//xg'ePsf]5 <
pQ/
M– …km"6fp / zf;g u/Ú eGg] ;fdGtL
tTjx?sf] abgfd if8oGqsf/L gLltsf] cleJolQmsf?kdfg} hgdf]rf{sf sfo{stf{x?dfly
ljz]if bdg eO/x]sf] 5 . t/, ;fdGtL tTjx?sf] of] 3[l0ft / t"R5 x/stn]
gsf/fTds?kdf ePklg cfGbf]ngdf phf{ yKg] sfd g} ul//x]sf] 5 .
!@= ;+o'Qm /fi6«
;+3n] dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/sf aLr jftf{ ug{] s'/fnfO{ hf]8 u/]sf] lyof] / To;df
tkfO{x?n] :jfutug{'ePsf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm
/fi6« ;+3 of c? s'g} cGt/fli6«o lgsfon] jftf{sf] nflus'g} To:tf kxn t u/]sf]
5}g <
pQ/ M–
jftf{sfnflu cfGtl/s kxnx? w]/}lt/af6 eO/x]sf 5g\ . clxn];Dd g]kfnL hgtfsf]
kl/jt{g, zflGt / k|ultsf] cfs+Iff cg';f/ jftf{sf] jftfj/0f aGg glbg ;fdGtL
b/jf/Lof / ltgsf ljb]zL dflnsx?g} lhDd]jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . t/, 36gfs|d /
cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf; Pj+ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 nufotsf s}of}+ ljb]zL ;+3, ;+:yf /
zlQmx?sf] kxnsf] kl/0ffd ;sf/fTds jftfj/0fsf] ljsf;klg eO/x]sf] 5 .