THE ROOT CAUSE  MUST BE ADDRESSED

                                                                    -Karma
 All of us will agree that Nepal is facing enormous problems at present. We must be clear that these problems did not appear suddenly, but were just underneath the surface of Nepali society since a long time ago and the Maoists have brought them out in the open. It would be very naive to think that Nepali society will emerge from these problems overnight. To solve these problems and tackle the grave challenges for a long term solution,  their root cause must be addressed scientifically. Otherwise these problems will only be suppressed for the time being. Similarly, a qualified doctor never prescribes medicine to patients without identification of the cause of the disease first. Temporary measure might be to prescribe a pain killer, but only temporary measures might be counter productive in the long run. It will hide those problems to be identified and later on, once they are identified, it will be too late to cure them. So a pain killer or temporary measures could act in like fashion, they could be a slow poison and counter productive to their long lasting solution. Similarly in Nepal, it is impossible to tackle these problems for a long lasting peace while ignoring the root cause of problems in Nepali society. 

It is said that the socio-economic structure is the base or foundation of society and politics, culture, economy, etc., are the super-structures of that base. Or let us put it in this way that super-structures are a reflection of the base, so that the super-structure and base have a dialectical relationship. So, without drastic change in base of society, it is impossible to carry on real effective changes in the super-structure of society. Of course, the base can also be affected due to the changes in it's super- structure. But if we want to have real, fundamental change, then we must be prepared to effect change from the bottom up, rather than from the top down. This is the right starting point to change  society. For example, if we wish to construct a building properly, then its foundation must be solid, of strong concrete. If its foundation is weak or rotten, then no matter how beautiful and strong its roof, it might still collapse at any time. So if we are looking forward to a Nepal which is strong, developed, prosperous, civilised, peaceful, and fully democratic based on a society espousing the values of justice, equality and freedom, we must be prepared to bring about drastic change in the very foundation of Nepali society which is literally rotten to its core.
Unfortunately, Nepalese policy makers have, in the past as now, always preferred to effect only nominal changes in the super-structure while keeping the foundation more and less the same. It is like someone repairing the roof of the house without replacing its rotten foundation, so that the house might collapse any time. Again it is very true of Nepali society, too. Especially since the Sugauli treaty, the Nepalese socio - economic structure has basically been semi- feudal and semi-colonial. This represents the biggest obstacle for the progress of our society. As the reflection of the base of Nepalese society, our culture, politics, economy, etc., are distorted beyond recognition. As a result, our society is facing rampant corruption, bad governance, severe poverty, high unemployment, inequality based on inhumane discrimination against various oppressed ethnic groups. In consequence, Nepal is considered one of the most deprived and least developed, poorest countries in the world, ravaged by yet another phase of bloody civil war. Of course, the blame goes to various political leaders or policy makers, but the main reason which must be acknowledged is that the Nepalese ruling class has never sincerely tried to bring about drastic and effective change from the very foundation of society. Any changes made have been purely cosmetic.

In the context of the possible forthcoming negotiations between the Maoists and the government, it is high time to address the root cause of the country's problems. It is clear that the root cause of the problems of Nepali society are the backward reactionary semi-feudal and semi- colonial socio-economic structure. It appears that a handful of reactionary feudalists, compradors and bureaucratic capitalists form the ruling classes and have been collaborating with foreign monopolist capitalists contrary to Nepal's national interest. The backward socio-economic structure created as a result acts to serve the interests of this tiny group of ruling
classes as well as serving their foreign master's interests as well. This development has acted to suppress the Nepalese masses, who have, in consequence, been unable to recognise their true interests. Therefore it is my belief that the backward socio-economic structure must be replaced by one which is conducive to the interests of the mass of the population. Only then can we expect to translate the present chaos into long lasting peace, progress, prosperity, harmony and freedom.


        We should be very clear that even if the Maoist movement had not appeared at this moment, some sorts of problems still would have appeared in other forms in our society. Even if the Maoists were to join the so-called mainstream of the nation or if they could be brought under control by means of force, I believe that as long as we merely implement nominal changes while ignoring their fundamental cause,  it is quite possible that Nepalese society will continue to face tremendous problems. If we continue to desist from tackling the severe poverty, high unemployment, rampant corruption, bad governance and discrimination against indigenous, so-called untouchable and other oppressed ethnic groups, then it is very possible that it may be their turn to launch hostilities against the state. While this may paint a very gloomy and pessimistic picture, but, unfortunately, this is the bitter reality of our
society: although these people share a large percentage of the population, they have been oppressed and exploited brutally since a long time ago, in respect to their culture, language, politics and economy by a tiny ruling minority who are mostly from the so-called high caste strata of Nepalese society, by using all sorts of suppressive methods. If Nepalese society were to face ugly communal hostilities which might threaten  Nepal's sovereignty, harmony and unity, the ruling class and high caste strata will be responsible for the creation of these dire consequences. Let us be open and honest and not try to hide the facts. For example, how big is the presence of large portions of these oppressed ethnic groups in high level politics, the armed forces, bureaucracy, in the academic field, key financial sectors and in other leading sectors of nation? The answer is, an only very nominal number. Therefore, without the proper representation of all of ethnic groups in every aspect of society, how can we expect a long lasting peace in Nepal?  It would therefore, appear that the only way to solve the problems is to bring about drastic changes in society from its base. From now on, the Nepalese peoples want to see these changes in action and not only in words, by empty promises. I do believe that all of us more or less agree that the best way is always to prevent the causes of diseases rather than to cure the disease once it attacks.  The wise way is to address cause of problems rather than to take just temporary measures to solve them. Therefore, the solution must be to look forward and not backward and thereby to address the root cause of problems in our society to ensure the development and preservation of its rich heritage threatened now by its immanent destruction.