cfwf–;+;f/
gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f / dlxnf clwsf/sf] k|Zg
– sNkgf wdnf
dlxnf
pTkL8gsf] ;'?jft ju{x?sf] ljefhgkZrft\ ePsf] Oltxf;nfO{ dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;jfndf
rf;f] /fVg] ;a}n] Psk6s kN6fpg h?/L 5 . dlxnf d'lQmsf] k|Zg juL{o d'lQmsf]
cleGg c¨ ePsfn] juL{o d'lQm lagf dlxnf d'lQm ;Dej 5}g . of] j:t'ut
oyfy{tfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ juL{od'lQm cfGbf]ng;“u}
Psfsf/ ub}{ cufl8 a9fpg' g} jf:tljs d'lQm rfxg]x?sf] st{Jo x'g cfp“5 .
juL{o / ln¨Lo zf]if0fsf] bf]xf]/f] h~hL/ r'“8fNg dlxnfx?n] klxnf] ;ª\3if{
/fHo;Qf;“u ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ slxNo} klg s;}n] e'Ng' x'“b}g .
d'n'sdf
36gfqmdx?sf] ljsf; lbgk|ltlbg cGbfh ug{ g;lsg] k|sf/n] eO/x]sf] 5 / cu|ufdL
lgsf; kfpg d'n's cft'/ 5 . qmflGtsf/L, ;+;bjfbL / /fhfjfbL lq–kIfLo
zlQm;Gt'ngsf] of] cj:yfdf b]z uDeL/ df]8df b'O{j6f af6f] -cu|udg / k|ltudg_ sf]
bf];f“wdf plePsf] 5 . of] cj:yfdf gof“ / k'/fgf] ;QfaLrdf jftf{–k|lqmof rln/x]sf]
5 . Psflt/ qmflGtsf/L zlQm, h;n] cu|udgsf] km8\sf] dfg{ /fhg}lts kf6L{,
gful/s ;dfh, a'l4hLjL, kqsf/ x/]s hftLo, If]qLo, ln¨Lo ljleGg tx / tKsfnfO{
k|ltudgk|lt ;r]t /x“b} b]znfO{ cu|ultdf n}hfg ;Sg] tLgj6f a6dnfOg– -!_ uf]nd]r
;Dd]ng, -@_ cGtl/d ;/sf/ / -#_ cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf ul/g] ;+ljwfg ;efdf dfq
x'g ;Sb5 eg]/ v'nf / :ki6 elg/x]sf] 5 .
k|ltudgsf/Lx?
zflGtk"0f{ cu|ufdL lgsf; vf]lh/x]sf ;jf b'O{ s/f]8 g]kfnL hgtfsf]
hgefjgfdfly s'7f/f3ft ub}{ jftf{ layf]Ng] / cfkm\gf] n"6sf] :ju{
l6sfO/fVg] if8\oGq ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f o'4lj/fd / cfrf/;+lxtfdf ;xdlt ePkl5
;]gfåf/f 36fOPsf 36gfx?n] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . jftf{ ef“8\g v'nf ?;n] cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfb / zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf pBt\ /x]sf] kfOG5 . of] cj:yfdf cfd
zf]lift–pTkLl8t hgtfn] ;+;bLo zlQmsf] e"ldsf df}gtf / cu|udgk|ltsf]
csd{0otfdfly k|Zg ul//x]sf 5g\ .. cu|udgsf] kIfdf ls k|ltudgsf] kIfdf <
o;sf] pQ/ ;+;bjfbLx?n] :ki6 kfg{ h?/L x'G5 . oxL jftf{–k|lqmofsf] aLrdf
dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ;fy;fy} dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsf / dlxnf pTkL8gsf d'2fx?sf
;jfndf ljleGg sf]0faf6 s'/fx? pl7/x]sf] 5 . x/]s kl/jt{gd'vL cfGbf]ngsf]
;kmntf / c;kmntfsf] lgwf{/0f dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfn] u5{ eGg] s'/f xfd|f] kf6L{
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / xfd|f] ;+u7g c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ n] /fd|f];“u
a'em]sf] 5, To;}n] jftf{–k|lqmofdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] k|Zg p7\g' hfoh 5 .
xfdL To;sf] ;/xfgf ub{5f}+ t/ l;¨f] cfGbf]ng / To;n] xfl;n u/]sf pknlAwx? cfd
g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] pknlAw xf] eGg] ga'em\g' / jftf{sf] df]rf{df ef}lts
pkl:yltnfO{ d'Vo dfg]/ l;¨f] cfGbf]ngk|lt cljZjf; ug'{ b'MvbfoL s'/f
x'g\ .
canf /
c;xfosf] ?kdf lrlqt ul/Psf dlxnfx?sf] 7"nf] kª\lQmnfO{ xfd|f] ;+u7gn]
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kysf] j}rfl/s xltof/n] n}; agfP/ zf]if0fo'Qm
/fHo;Qfsf] lj?4df ljb|f]x ug{ l;sfof] . of] dxŒjk"0f{ pknlAw
xf] .. clxn] u|fdL0f a:tLx?sf lxhf]sf ;fdfGo elgg] dlxnfx? juL{o d'lQm
cfGbf]ngdf nfda4 eP/ o'4 d}bfgdf 8l6/x]sf 5g\ . kf6L{sf] tNnf] txdf
k'?ifx?sf] a/fa/L h:t}sf] ;ª\Vofdf ;+u7s, ;]gf / ;Qfdf dlxnf ;xefuL 5g\ eg]
dflyNnf] txdf tnsf] t'ngfdf s]xL sd} /x]sf 5g\ . ;dfg ;xeflutfnfO{ pRr
tx;Dd l56f]eGbfl56f] a[l4 ug{sf] lglDt tNnf] txb]lv g} kf6L{, ;]gf, ;Qf /
df]rf{sf] If]qdf ljz]if Joj:yf ul//fv]sf] 5 . cu|ufdL r]tgf / dfS;{jfbL
ljrf/af6 n}; dlxnfx?sf] Tofu, alnbfg, jL/tf / zf}o{n] hgo'4nfO{ clxn]sf]
zlQm;Gt'ngsf] of] cj:yf;Dd NofOk'¥ofpg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf]
5 . dlxnfx?sf] Tofu, alnbfg / ;j{xf/fju{k|ltsf] lgi7fdf pgLx?sf]
OdfGbfl/tf, nugzLntf / bIftfsf] cufl8 ;QfkIf /fhg}lts ?kaf6 k/fhLt ePsf]
oyfy{tf 5n{¨ g} 5 . o;sf] afah'b ;QfkIf ef}lts cfqmd0f, xTof, anfTsf/,
a]kQfnufotsf qm"/ oftgfn] ju{b'Zdgsf] cufl8 Psfwafx]s gem'Sg', kf6L{ /
qmflGtk|lt u2f/L ug'{sf] cnfjf ju{b'Zdgk|lt 3[0ff / cfqmf]zefjn] k|lt/f]w ug{
;Sg] yk pmhf{ k|bfg u¥of] . dlxnfx?sf] of] ;fx;n] …b'Mvn] dflg;nfO{
:kfltnf] agfp“5Ú eGg] h]gL dfS;{sf] egfOnfO{ k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . dlxnfx?nfO{
cjnf / c;xfo eg]/ lrgfpg]x?nfO{ r'gf}lt lb+b} jL/f¨gfsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug{ ;Sg'
csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ pknlAw xf] . qmflGtdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf qmflGt ;kmn
kfg{nfO{ dfq xf]Og k|ltqmflGtsf] vt/fnfO{ /f]Sg ;d]t dlxnfx?sf] ;dfg ;xeflutf
x'g'k5{ eGg]df xfdL cToGt} uDeL/ 5f}+ . o;df s;}n] zª\sf ug'{ kb}{g .
b]znfO{
cfhsf] ljifd kl/l:yltaf6 d'Qm u/fP/ pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, If]q / ln¨sf
hg;d'bfonfO{ ;fj{ef}d agfpg' b]z / hgtfk|lt dfof x'g] hf]–sf]xLsf] st{Jo
xf] . hgtf kl/jt{gsf ;+afxs x'g\ To;}n] Pskl5 csf]{ kl/jt{g
rfxG5g\ .. of] lj1fgsf] lgod ljk/Lt ;+ljwfgdf ckl/jt{gLo wf/fx? /fv]/
hgtfnfO{ clwsf/;DkGg agfpg 8/fP/ oyfl:yltjfbs} kIfkf]if0fdf b]lvPsf ;a}vfn]
if8\oGqsf] cGTo ul/g'k5{ . of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ cfd"n kl/jt{g u/]/
hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d agfpg] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f gu/L ca
b]zsf] :jtGqtf / ;d[l4 ;Dej 5}g . dlxnf d'lQmsf] k|Zg juL{o d'lQmsf] cleGg
c¨ ePsfn] clxn] b]znfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf; lbg;Sg] /fhgLlts d'2fx?n] dfq dlxnfx?sf]
clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ ;Sb5 eGg] xfd|f] 7DofO 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qf ;+/rgfåf/f
dlxnfx?dfly nflbPsf] e]befjk"0f{ cfly{s, /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs, wfld{s,
;f“:s[lts c;dfg sfg'gsf] cGTo / /fHo;+/rgfdf dlxnfx?sf] /fhgLlts k|ltlglwTj
k'?if ;/x ;dfg clwsf/ :yflkt ug]{, ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu jt{dfg
l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{ oyf]lrt Joj:yf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efåf/f
lgld{t gof“ ;+ljwfgn] dfq ug{ ;Sb5 . t;y{, gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf]
k|lqmofnfO{ ;kmnLe"t kfg{ ljleGg tx / tKsfsf] ;Dk"0f{ Wofg / tfut
s]lGb|t ug'{ g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .
cfkm\gf cleef/fx¿ k"/f ug{ ;ª\3if{df 86f}+
sfd/]8x¿,
xfdLn] xfd|f cleef/f / ltgnfO{ k"/f ug]{ gLltx¿af/] s'/f a'¤of}+ . ca
oL gLltx¿ nfu" ubf{ jf oL cleef/fx¿ k"/f ubf{ xfdLn] s:tf] wf/0ff
lng'knf{ t <
jt{dfg
cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o kl/l:yltn] xfdL / ;f/f lrlgof“ hgtfsf lglDt pHofnf]
eljiosf] 9f]sf p3fl/lbPsf] 5 / ce"tk"j{ cg's"n l:yltx¿ k|bfg
u/]sf] 5 . of] s'/f k|:6 / zÍf/lxt 5 . t/ o;sf ;fy;fy} uDeL/ sl7gfOx¿
klg cem} 5“b} 5g\ . pHofnf] kIf dfq b]Vg] t/ sl7gfOx¿rflx+ gb]Vg] dflg;
kf6L{sf cleef/f k"/f ug{sf lglDt k|efjsf/L ¿kn] n8\g ;Sb}g .
xfd|f]
kf6L{n] lrlgof“ hgtfl;t ldn]/ hfkfglj/f]wL k|lt/f]w o'4sf cf7 jif{ ;d]t u/L
rf}aL; jif{sf] kf6L{ Oltxf;df ch¨ 7"nf] zlQm lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .
xfd|f] sfdsf] ;kmntf k|:6 / zÍf/lxt 5 . t/ o;sf ;fy;fy} xfd|f] sfddf
vf]6x¿ klg cem} 5“b} 5g\ . ;kmn kIf dfq b]Vg] / vf]6x¿rflx+ gb]Vg] dflg;
klg To;} u/L kf6L{sf cleef/fx¿ k"/f ug{sf lglDt k|efjsf/L ¿kn] n8\g
;Sb}g .
!(@! df
cfºgf] hGd ePb]lv otfsf rf}aL; jif{df xfd|f] kf6L{ pQ/L cleofg, s[lifut
qmflGtsf/L o'4 / hfkfglj/f]wL k|lt/f]w o'4 u/L tLg dxfg\ ;‹if{x¿ x'“b} cl3
a9]sf] 5 . oLdWo] kl5Nnf] ;‹if{ cem} rln/x]s} 5 . Psbd ;'?b]lv g}
xfd|f] kf6L{ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5, lsgeg] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb
ljZj ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;aeGbf ;xL / ;aeGbf qmflGtsf/L j}1flgs ljrf/sf] :jR5 lgrf]8
xf] . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] ljZjJofkL ;TonfO{ lrlgof“ qmflGtsf] 7f];
Jojxf/l;t uf“:g yflnPkl5 lrlgof“ qmflGtn] Psbd} gf}nf] ¿k/¨ wf/0f u¥of] /
gf}nf] hgjfbL qmflGtsf] ;f/f P]ltxfl;s r/0fsf] pbo eOxfNof] .
dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL l;4fGtn] ;';lHht ePkl5 lrlgof“ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] lrlgof“
hgtfsf lglDt Pp6f gf}nf] sfo{z}nLsf] l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . of] Pp6f To:tf]
sfo{z}nL xf]; h;n]
hg;d"xl;t gª\df;'sf] ;DaGw uf“:b} / cfTdfnf]rgfsf] k4lt c“ufNb} d'VotM
l;4fGtnfO{ Jojxf/l;t uf“:g] sfd u5{ .
;+;f/el/sf
;j{xf/fju{sf] ;‹if{sf] Jojxf/nfO{ k|ltlalDat ug]{ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] ;j{JofkL
;TonfO{ lrlgof“ ;j{xf/fju{ / hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L ;‹if{sf] 7f]; Jojxf/l;t
uf“;]kl5 lrlgof“ hgtfsf lglDt of] Ps ch]o xltof/ aGb5 . lrlgof“ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{n] of] xltof/ k|fKt ul/;s]sf] 5 . o; l;4fGtsf ljk/Lt rNg] s§/tfjfb /
cg'ejjfbsf] x/]s cleJolQml;t bl/nf] ;‹if{ ub}{ xfd|f] kf6L{ x's]{sf] / cl3
a9]sf] 5 . s§/tfjfb 7f]; Jojxf/af6 cnlUuPsf] x'G5 / Jojxf/jfbn] rflx+
6'qmf6'qmL cg'ejx¿nfO{ ;j{JofkL ;To 7fGg] e"n ub{5 oL b'j} vfnsf cj;/jfbL ljrf/ dfS;{jfbsf] pN6f]
rN5g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{n] cfºgf] rf}aL; jif{sf] ;‹if{df oL unt ljrf/x¿sf lj?4
;kmntfk"j{s ;‹if{ u/]sf] 5 / cem} klg ;‹if{ ul//x]s} 5 . o; k|sf/
o;n] cfkm"nfO{ ljrf/wf/fTds b[li6n] cf}wL ;'b[9 kf/]sf] 5 . clxn]
xfd|f] kf6L{df !@,!),))) ;b:ox¿ 5g\ . tLdWo]sf] cTolws dflg;x¿ k|lt/f]w
o'4sfndf kf6L{df etL{ ePsf x'g\ / ltgsf] ljrf/wf/fdf cg]sf}+ cz'l4x¿ /x]sf
5g\ . o'4cl3 kf6L{df etL{ ePsf s]xL ;b:ox¿sf xsdf klg oxL s'/f ;f“rf] 7x5{ . s]xL jif{ otfsf] z'4Ls/0f
sfo{ clt g} ;kmn ePsf] 5 / oL cz'l4x¿ ldNsfpg] sfddf o;n] lgs} g} k|ult u/]sf]
5 . o; sfdnfO{ rfn" /fVg'k5{ / æeljiodf uNtLaf6 hf]lug lat]sf
uNtLx¿af6 l;Sg]Æ / æ/f]uLnfO{ arfpg /f]u lgsf] kfg]{Æ efjgfcg';f/ kf6L{leq c¿
a9L lj:t[t ¿kdf ljrf/wf/fTds lzIffsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . l;4fGt / Jojxf/sf]
3lgi7 Ps¿ktf xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ c¿ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿af6 5'6\ofpg] s;L xf] eGg]
s'/f a'¤g xfdLn] kf6L{sf ;a} txsf g]t[TjbfoL sf8/x¿nfO{ ;dy{ agfpg}k5{ ..
To;sf/0f ljrf/wf/fTds lzIff dxfg\ /fhgLlts ;‹if{x¿sf lglDt ;Dk"0f{
hgtfnfO{ Pstfa4 ug]{ sfddf xfdLn] v'a /fd|/L u|x0f ug'{kg]{ Pp6f s8L xf] .
o:tf] gu?Gh]n kf6L{n] cfºgf] s'g} klg /fhg}lts cleef/f k"/f ug{
;Sb}g .
xfd|f]
kf6L{nfO{ c¿ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿af6 5'6\ofpg] csf]{ s;L s] xf] eg] xfdLn] Jofks
hg;d"xl;t clt 3lgi7 ;DaGw /fv]sf 5f}+ . lbnf]Hofgn] hgtfsf] ;]jf ug'{
/ Jofks hg;d"xaf6 slxNo} PsIf0f;Dd klg gcnlUug', x/]s s'/fdf JolQmx¿ jf
;d"xx¿sf] lxtnfO{ xf]Og, Jofks hg;d"xsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ cl3
a9\g' / hgtfk|ltsf] xfd|f] pQ/bfloTj / kf6L{sf g]t[TjbfoL c¨x¿k|ltsf] xfd|f]
pQ/bfloTjsf] P]Soa4tfnfO{ a'em]/ rNg' g} xfd|f] sfdsf] k|:yfgljGb' xf] .
sDo'lg:6x¿n] ;Tosf kIfdf 86\g xb{d tof/ /xg'k5{, lsgeg] ;To hglxtsf kIfdf x'G5,
sDo'lg:6x¿n] cfºgf uNtL ;Rofpg xb{d tTk/ /xg'k5{, lsgeg] uNtLx¿ hglxtsf
k|lts"n x'G5g\ . ljt]sf rf}aL; jif{sf] cg'ejn] xfdLnfO{ s] s'/f
l;sfPsf] 5 eg] ;xL cleef/f, gLlt / sfo{z}nL vf; ;do / :yfgdf csf6\o ¿kn] Jofks
hg;d"xsf dfux¿ cg's"n x'G5g\ / ltgn] hg;d"xl;tsf] xfd|f]
;DaGwnfO{ csf6\o¿kn] bl/nf] kf5{g\, clg unt cleef/f, gLlt / sfo{z}nL vf; ;do /
:yfgdf csf6\o ¿kn] Jofks hg;d"xsf dfux¿ k|lts"n x'G5g\ / ltgn]
csf6\o¿kn] xfdLnfO{ hg;d"xaf6 cnUofp“5g\ .. s§/tfjfb, cg'ejjfb,
x}sdjfb, k'R5/jfb, ;ÍL0f{tfjfb, gf]s/zfxL / sfddf b]vfOg] cx+sf/L k|j[lQh:tf
b'u'{0fx¿ lgZro g} xflgsf/s / c;x\o x'gfsf sf/0f / o:tf /f]ux¿af6 u|:t ePsf]
dflg;n] ltgnfO{ kG5fpg}kgf{sf] sf/0f s] xf] eg] ltgn] xfdLnfO{ Jofks hg;d"xaf6
cnUofp“5g\ . xfd|f] dxflwj]zgn] rª\v eP/ s'g} klg kbsf] sfd/]8
hg;d"xaf6 gcnlUuof];\ eGg] s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg l;¨} kf6L{nfO{ cfx\jfg
ug'{k5{ . o;n] x/]s sfd/]8nfO{ hgtfnfO{ dfof ug{ / hg;d"xsf] cfjfh
Wofgk"j{s ;'Gg l;sfpg'k5{ . pm hxf“;'s} uP klg p;n] cfkm"nfO{
hgtfeGbf dfly /fVg'sf] ;§f gª\–df;'em}+ pgLx¿;“u} uf“:g'k5{, hgtfsf] To; avtsf]
:t/cg';f/ ltgnfO{ Ao"“emfpg jf ltgsf] /fhgLlts r]tgfnfO{ psf:g / ltgnfO{
cfºg} v';L/fhLn] ;¨l7t x'g d2t ug{ / Tof] vf; ;do / :yfgsf] leqL / aflx/L
kl/l:yltx¿ ;'xfp“bf vfNsf ;a} cTofjZos ;‹if{x¿ yfNg d2t ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/f klg
o; dxflwj]zgn] x/]s sfd/]8nfO{ l;sfpg'k5{ . h'g;'s} vfnsf] sfddf klg
x}sdjfb unt x'G5, lsgeg] hg;d"xsf] /fhgLlts r]tgfsf] txnfO{ gf3]/ cufl8
plk|m+b} / :j]R5fk"0f{ hgsfo{sf] l;4fGtnfO{ pNn‹g ub}{ o;n] pQfpnf]kgfsf]
/f]usf] k|bz{g u5{ . xfd|f sfd/]8x¿n] cfkm"n] a'em]sf hlt hDd} s'/f
hg;d"xn] a'em]sf x'G5g\ eG7fGg' x'“b}g . hgtfsf dfemdf uP/ hf“ra'em
u/]kl5 dfq} hg;d"xn] s'g} s'/f a'em]sf 5g\–5}gg\ / pgLx¿ d}bfgdf pqg tof/
5g\–5}gg\ eGg] s'/f kQf nufpg ;lsG5 . xfdLn] o;f] u¥of}+ eg] xfdL
x}sdjfbaf6 hf]lug]5f}+ . k'R5/jfb klg ;a} vfNsf sfddf unt g} x'G5, lsgeg]
hg;d"xsf] /fhgLlts r]tgfsf] txaf6 tn v:b} / hg;d"xnfO{ cl3lNt/
8f]¥ofpg] l;4fGtnfO{ pNn‹g ub}{ o;n] l9nf;':tLsf] /f]usf] k|bz{g u5{ .
xfd|f sfd/]8x¿n] cfkm"n] clxn];Dd ga'em]sf hlt s'/f hg;d"xn] klg
a'em]s} 5}gg\ eG7fGg' x'“b}g . w]/}h;f] s:tf] x'G5 eg] Jofks hg;d"xn]
xfdLnfO{ pl5G5g\ / Ps kfOnf cl3 nDsg] dg u5{g\, t/ xfd|f sfd/]8x¿rflx+ cem}
s]xL lk5l8Psf tŒjx¿s} kl5kl5 nflu/x]sf x'G5g\, lsgeg] Jofks hg;d"xsf
cu'jfx¿sf x}l;otn] sfd ugf{sf] ;f6f] o:tf sfd/]8x¿n] ltg} lk5l8Psf tŒjx¿s}
ljrf/x¿sf] k|bz{g ub{5g\ / sxf“;Dd eg] tL Jofks hg;d"xs} ljrf/ ;xL eG7fGg]
uNtL u5{g\ . 5f]6s/Ldf eGg] xf] eg] s'g} klg sDo'lg:6sf jrg / sfdx¿
hgtfsf] Jofks ax';ª\Vofsf] ;jf]{Rr lxtx¿cg'¿k 5g\–5}gg\ / ltgn] hg;dy{g kfPsf
5g\–5}gg\ eGg] s'/f g} ltgnfO{ hf“Rg] ;jf]{Rr s;L xf] eGg] s'/f x/]s sfd/]8nfO{
a'emfpg}k5{ . hgtfdf e/ k?Gh]n, hg;d"xsf] cgGt l;h{gf–zlQmdfly b[9
ljZjf; u?Gh]n / o;/L ltgx¿dfly ljZjf; u/L ltgLx¿;“u Psfsf/ x'Gh]n xfdLnfO{ h:t}
zq'n] klg k5fg{ ;Sb}g / xfdLrflx+ h:tf];'s} zq'nfO{ klg k5fg{ / h:tf];'s}
lj£gafwf klg x6fpg ;S5f}+ eGg] s'/f a'¤g xfdLn] x/]s sfd/]8nfO{ d2t
ug}{k5{ .
;Rrf lbnn]
cfTdfnf]rgf ug'{ xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ c¿ ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿af6 5'6\ofpg] cem
csf]{ s;L xf] .. xfdL eGg] u5f}{+– sf]7f ;w}+ ga9f/] w"nf] y'lk|G5,
;w}+ gwf]P cg'xf/ kmf]xf]/ x'G5 . xfd|f sfd/]8x¿sf duhdf / xfd|f] kf6L{sf
sfddf w"nf] y'lk|g ;S5 To;}n] ltgnfO{ a9fg]{ / w'g] vf“rf] k5{ .
…au'jf kfgL slxNo} af;L x'“b}g / 9f]sfsf s's'{Rrfdf slxNo} wld/f nfUb}gÚ eGg]
pvfgx¿sf] cy{ s] xf] eg] lg/Gt/sf] ultn] oL lrhx¿nfO{ xflgsf/s sL/f / c¿
sL6f0f'x¿af6 hf]ufp“5g\ . xfd|f] sfdsf] lgoldt ¿kn] hf“ra'em ug'{ / o;}
hf“ra'emsf qmddf Pp6f hgjfbL sfo{z}nLsf] ljsf; ug'{, cfnf]rgf / cfTdfnf]rgf
b'j}b]lv g8/fpg' / æhfg] lht s'/f gn'sfO{sg egÆ, æaf]Ng]nfO{ bf]if gb]pm t/
p;sf s'/fb]lv xf]l;of/ xf]pmÆ / æe"n u/]sf] eP ;'wf/ gu/]sf] eP To;af6
hf]luP/ a;Æ h:tf nf]slk|o lrlgof“ cfxfgx¿nfO{ nfu" ug{' g} xfd|f sf8/x¿sf
duh / xfd|f] kf6L{sf] z/L/nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf] /fhgLlts kmf]xf]/, don /
xflgsf/s sL6f0f'x¿af6 hf]ufpg] Pp6} dfq k|efjsf/L pkfo xf] . æeljiodf
uNtLaf6 hf]lug ljt]sf uNtLx¿af6 l;Sg] / /f]uLnfO{ arfpg /f]u lgsf] kfg]{Æ
p2]Zon] rnfOPsf] z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ng cf}wL k|efjsf/L x'gfsf] sf/0f s] xf] eg] xfdLn]
u/]sf cfnf]rgf / cfTdfnf]rgf ljs[t vfnsf geO{ ;Rrf lbnn] ul/Psf /
OdfGbf/Lk"0f{ lyP . xfdL lrlgof“ sDo'lg:6x¿ Jofks lrlgof“ hgtfsf
;jf]{Rr lxtx¿nfO{ g} cfºgf ;f/f sfdsfaf{Ox¿sf] cfwf/ agfp“5f}+ / xfd|f] nIo
Gofof]lrt 5 eGg] s'/fdf xfdL k"/} ljZj:t 5f}+ . o;sf lglDt slxNo} klg
JolQmut :jfy{sf] d'v gx]/L xfdL cfºgf] hLpHofg;d]t alnbfg ug{ ;w}+ tTk/ 5f}+
eg] hgtfsf] vf“rf];“u gldNg] s'g} klg ljrf/, b[li6sf]0f jf k4ltnfO{ TofUg xfdL
cfgfsfgL ug{ ;S5f}+ / < xfdL cfºgf ;kmf cg'xf/df /fhgLlts w"nf]–don kg{
lbg jf cfºgf :j:y z/L/df xflgsf/s sL6f0f' k:g lbg /fhL x'g ;S5f}+ / <
hgtfsf] lxtsf lglDt cgluGtL ;lxbx¿n] cfºgf hLpHofg ck{0f u/]sf 5g\ / ltgnfO{
;Dem“bf xfdL af“lr/x]sfx¿sf] dg To;} kL/n] el/P/ cfp“5 . p;f] eP xfdLn]
TofUg} g;Sg] s'g} JolQmut :jfy{ cyjf xfdLn] TofUg} g;Sg] s'g} unt ljrf/ x'g
;Snf / <
sfd/]8x¿, of]
dxflwj]zg 6'l¨Pkl5 xfdL df]rf{df hfg]5f}+ / o; dxflwj]zgsf k|:tfjx¿af6 lgb]{lzt
x'“b} hfkfgLx¿nfO{ clGtd ¿kdf k/flht ug{ / gf}nf] rLgsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;‹if{
ug]{5f}+ . of] nIo k|fKt ug{sf lglDt xfdL xfd|f b]zsf ;f/f hgtfl;t Pstfa4
x'g]5f}+ . d km]l/ klg eG5', hfkfgL cfqmd0fsf/Lx¿nfO{ clGtd ¿kdf k/flht
ug]{ / gf}nf] rLgsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ kIfdf pleg] s'g} klg ju{, kf6L{ ;d"x jf
JolQml;t xfdL Pstfa4 x'g]5f}+ . of] nIo k|fKt ug{sf lglDt ;¨7g /
cg'zf;gsf] hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf l;4fGtx¿sf cfwf/df xfdL xfd|f] kf6L{sf ;a}
zlQmx¿nfO{ 7f]; ¿kdf Pstfa4 ug]{5f}+ . kf6L{sf] sfo{qmd, ;+ljwfg /
lg0f{ox¿nfO{ dfg]/ rNg] s'g} klg sfd/]8l;t xfdL Pstfa4 x'g]5f}+ . pQ/L
cleofgsfndf xfd|f] kf6L{df ^),))) eGbf sDtL ;b:o lyP . ltgdf klg
w]/}h;f]nfO{ kl5 zq'n] l5GgleGg kf¥of] .. s[lif qmflGt o'4sf sfndf xfd|f
;b:ox¿sf] ;ª\Vof #,)),))) eGbf sDtL lyof] / ltgdf klg w]/}h;f]nfO{ zq'n] To;/L
g} l5GgleGg kf¥of] . clxn] xfd|f ;b:ox¿sf] ;ª\Vof !@,)),))) eGbf w]/}
5 . o; k6s xfdLn] s'g} xfntdf cfkm"nfO{ zq'sf xftaf6 l5GgleGg kfg{
lbg' x'“b}g . xfdLn] oL tLgsfnsf cg'ejaf6 kmfObf p7fpg ;Sof} eg], xfdLn]
ljgd| eP/ cxÍf/af6 cfkm"nfO{ hf]ufof}+ / kf6L{leqsf ;a} sfd/]8x¿ /
kf6L{aflx/sf ;f/f hgtfl;tsf] PstfnfO{ cem bl/nf] kfg{ ;Sof}+ eg] xfdL s] s'/f
7f]s]/ eGg ;S5f}+ eg] zq'n] xfdLnfO{ l5GgleGg kfg]{ s'/f t k/} hfcf];\, a?
xfdLn] g} hfkfgL cfqmd0fsf/Lx¿ / ltgsf rfKn';] kfNt' s's'/x¿nfO{
b[9tfk"j{s, ;jf{¨L0f¿kn], l;¨} / k"/} Wj:t kfg]{5f}+ / To;kl5 gf}nf]
hgjfbL rLgsf] lgdf{0f ug]{5f}+ .
ltg} qmflGtsf/L
cjlwx¿sf] cg'ejn] / ljz]if u/]/ hfkfglj/f]wL k|lt/f]w o'4sf] cg'ejn] xfdL /
;Dk"0f{ lrlgof“ hgtfnfO{ s] s'/fdf kSsf ljZj:t t'NofPsf] 5 eg] lrlgof“
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf k|oTgx¿ geO{sg, lrlgof“ hgtfsf d]?b08sf ¿kdf lrlgof“
sDo'lg:6x¿ gpleO{sg rLgn] slxNo} klg :jfwLgtf / d'lQm cyjf cf}Bf]lusLs/0f /
cfºgf] s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g .
sfd/]8x¿ †
tLgf]6f qmflGtx¿sf] cg'ejaf6 ;';lHht lrlgof“ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ xfdLl;t ePsf]
x'gfn] cfºgf] dxfg\ /fhgLlts cleef/f k"/f ug{ ;Sg] s'/fdf dnfO{ kSsfkSsL
ljZjf; 5 .
xhf/f}+–xhf/
;lxbx¿n] hgtfsf lglDt jL/tfk"j{s cfºgf] hLpHofg ck{0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
nf}, xfdL ltgs} em08fnfO{ dfly–dfly prfnf}+ / ltgsf] /utn] /ftfDd] ePsf] af6f]
x'“b} cl3 nDsf}+ .
l5§} g}
gf}nf] hgjfbL rLgsf] hGd x'g]5 . nf}, To; dxfg\ lbgnfO{ clejfbg
u/f}+ . q