k|n];n]
uf]i7L ug]{
;+ljwfg
;efsf] kIfdf ;xdlt
kf“r bn
/fhflj?4 plqP
dfcf]jfbLåf/f
ufp“–a:tLdf l/ª dfr{ cleofg
dfn]
;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf
zfxL
;]gfåf/f 7fp“–7fp“df vfgtnf;L
cGt/f{li6«o
k|]; :jtGqtf lbj; ;DkGg
ljz]if
lhNnfdf ljzfn hg;ef
cfGbf]ng
jftf{sf] ;kmntfsf nflu p7fpg'k5{
t/fOsf
lhNnfx?df ls;fg hfu/0f cleofg
jL/ zxLb
1fdk|;fb rfln;]sf] ;+lIfKt hLjgL
lhNnf ;Dd]ngsf] nx/
;NofgLx? eG5g\
o;/L ylk/x]sf 5f}+ gof“ ;Qfsf
gof“ cg'ejx?
zfxL ;]gfn] eTsfP, hg;]gfn] agfP
lzIff /fHosf] bfloTj x'g'kg]{
hg;]gfsf]
l/ª cleofg ;'?
cGt/;Djfb
sfo{qmd ;DkGg
ljleGg
df]rf{x?sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ngx?
zxLb
rf}tf/f] pb\3f6g
wflbª h]nsf]
va/
vf]6fªdf
ls;fg hg;ef
lhNnfJofkL
;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd
clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng
Onfddf dlxnf
;Dd]ng
/fHoåf/f
kqmfp ul/Psf k|=c= cem} a]kQf
hgjfbL
k|fylds kf6L{ :s"n :yfoL ?kdf ;~rfng
e|i6frf/
u/]/ Pdfn]sf g]tfx?n] ufp“ 5f]8]
sflnsf]6df
k|zf;lgs Hofblt sfod}
lhNnf
;Dd]ng ;DkGgM;f]n'af6 k|eft rnfpg]
k|n];n]
uf]i7L ug]{
sf7df8f}+÷
5}6f}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] rog u/]sf] gof“ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] lgwf{l/t u/]sf s]Gb|Lo
sfo{qmdcGtu{t k|ultzLn n]vs ;+3n] oxL a}zfv @* ut] cfOtaf/sf lbg …jt{dfg
;ª\s6sf] lgsf;df n]vsx?sf] e"ldsfÚ ljifos k|jrg uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf]
s'/f k|n];sf jt{dfg dxf;lrj 3gZofd 9sfnn] hgfpg'ePsf] 5 .
pQm lbg
lbp“;f] !M#) ah] kb\dsGof SofDk;sf] 8]lg; xndf cfof]hgf x'g] pQm sfo{qmddf lgg'
rfkfufO{“, 8f= Clif/fh a/fn, 8f= hubLzrGb| e08f/L, k|bLk 1jfnL, g/xl/ cfrfo{,
O{Zj/jNne, ofbj v/]n, ;'wf lqkf7L, e'jg 9'¨fgf cflb jQmfx?n] af]Ng] sfo{qmd
/x]sf] s'/f klg hgfOPsf] 5 . k|n];n] pQm lbg ;Dk"0f{ ;flxTofg'/fuL
tyf ;r]t hg;d'bfonfO{ pkl:yt eOlbg' x'g cg'/f]w klg u/]sf] 5 . o;}aLr
k|n]; dsjfgk'/ lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] u7g ut a}zfv ^ ut] dxf;lrj 3gZofd 9sfns}
cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] va/ klg k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
;+ljwfg
;efsf] kIfdf ;xdlt
sf7df8f}+÷
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f k|:t't ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfuk|lt
lhNnf–lhNnfdf ;j{bnLo ;xdlt hgfOPsf ;dfrf/ hgfb]znfO{ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ .
ut zlgaf/
Pdfn] /;'jfsf] cfof]hgfdf cfof]lht ;efdf sf+u|];, Pdfn], /fk|kfnufot bnsf
g]tfx?n] cfkm"x? ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj/f]wL gePsf] hgfPsf 5g\ . /;'jfsf]
sflnsf:yfgdf cfof]lht pQm ;j{bnLo a}7sdf dfcf]jfbLsf kf6L{ k|ltlglw hubLz /
lhNnf hg;/sf/ pk–k|d'v dfwj nfld5fg]n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf pleg ;a}df cfx\jfg
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L lhNnf
;+o'Qm hg;ldlt bf]nvfsf] cfof]hgfdf xfn} ;DkGg pRr:t/Lo cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf
;a}n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf ;xdlt hgfPsf] va/ 5 . sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbLsf
k"jf{~rn If]qLo Ao'/f] ;b:o Pjd\ lhNnf O~rfh{ s= b]zaGw', bf]nvf lhNnf
hg;/sf/ k|d'v zª\s/ nfdf, lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= cl:dtf, Pdfn] k|ltlglw O{Zj/rGb|
kf]v/]n, /fk|kf lhNnf cWoIf ;'Gb/k|sfz v8\sf, a'l4hLjL zlQms[i0f >]i7
nufotn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}aLr g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ nlntk'/ lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt Pl/of gDa/ @ sf] cfof]hgfdf ut z'qmaf/ Ps
;j{kIfLo cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . @ gDa/ Pl/of k|ltlglw s=
;Gtf]ifsf] ;~rfng tyf nlntk'/ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= jL/ansf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg
ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf Pdfn] nlntk'/ lhNnf ;b:o uDeL/ /fgf, n]nf uflj;sf
k"j{cWoIf dL7f/fd s]=;L=, b]jLrf}/ uf=lj=;=sf k"j{ cWoIf g/axfb'/
/fO{ nufot $% hgf /fhg}lts kf6L{ k|ltlglw, kqsf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf JolQmx?sf]
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . pkl:yt ;a}n] dfcf]jfbLåf/f k|:t't Ph]08f ;sf/fTds
ePsf] atfP .
kf“r bn
/fhflj?4 plqP
sf7df8f}+÷
@)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt pknlAwx? /fhfsf] c;f]h !* ut]sf] 3f]if0ffaf6
ckxl/t x'g k'u]sf]n] To;sf] k'ga{xfnLsf] dfu ub}{ kf“r ;+;bLo /fhgLlts bnx?n]
cfOtaf/ v'nfd~raf6 ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ .
lj3l6t
k|ltlglw ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ sf+u|];, Pdfn], hgdf]rf{ g]kfn, dhb'/ ls;fg
kf6L{ / g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_ n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf 3f]if0ff u/]sf] klxnf]
r/0fsf] sfo{qmddf zxLbx?k|lt >4f~hnL ck{0fb]lv k|ltudgsf k'tnf hnfpg] tyf
ANofscfp6;Dd /x]sf 5g\ . d'n'sn] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] dfu ul//x]sf]
a]nf /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] eg] cfkm\gf] ;ª\3if{sf] p2]Zo k|ltudglj?4 dfq} s]lGb|t
u/]sf 5g\ . cfOtaf/ 3f]if0ff ePsf] ;ª\3if{sf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ gful/s ;dfhn]
vf;} bd gePsf] sfo{qmd egL l6Kk0fL u/] . …/fhgLlts bnx?n] ;ft dlxgf s'/]/
3f]if0ff u/]sf ;ª\3if{sf sfo{qmd vf;} 7"nf 5}gg\Ú– g'jfsf]6af6 sfo{qmd
x]g{ cfPsf Ps JolQmx?n] ;ef:ynd} l6Kk0fL u/] . To:t} wflbªsf /d]z
a'nf{sf]6Ln] % kf6L{sf g]tfx?sf] ;Daf]wg ;'g]kl5 hgfb]z ;Djfbbftf;“u k|ltlqmof
JoQm u/]– …g]tfx?n] sfo{qmddf k|ltudgsf] lj/f]w dfq} u/]+ t/ To;nfO{ lkmtf{ ug{
;~rfng ug]{ ;ª\3if{ / cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] af/]df s]xL k|:6
kf/]gg\ .Ú clxn] /fi6«df k|d'v cfjZoQmf eg]sf] ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 gof“ ;+ljwfg
agfpg'kg]{ xf] ls xf]Og eg]/ :ki6 ug'{kg]{df g]tfx?n] ;efdf ;xL wf/0ff /fVg
g;s]sf] l6Kk0fL ;d]t pgn] u/] .
aflx/
cfkm"nfO{ xfQL kf6L{ xf}+ eg]/ bDe ug]{ sf+u|];, Pdfn] nufot kf6L{x?
;lDdlnt eP/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm hg;efdf k|rf/ ul/Psf] eGbf Go"g hg;d'bfo
pkl:ylt /x]sf] ko{j]Ifsx?n] atfP . sfo{qmdnfO{ kf“rj6} kf6L{sf zLif{:y
g]tfx?n] ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP . c;f]h !* ut] /fhfsf] zfxL 3f]if0ffaf6 d[t
ePsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ lqmofzLn agfO{ k|ltlglw ;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf ug'{kg]{ jf kf“rj6}
/fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx? ;lDdlnt ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ g} clxn]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] k|d'v nIo
ePsf] pb\3f]if klg g]tfx?n] cfOtaf/sf] ;efdf JoQm u/] .
sfo{qmddf
af]Nb} g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] clxn]sf] cfGbf]ng
Joj:yflj?4 geP/ /fhflj?4 ePsf] atfpg'eof] . …d}n] $ j6f /fhfsf] ptf/r9fj
b]v]sf] 5', clxn]sf] /fhfsf] r9fj b]v]+ ca ptf/ x]g{ af“sL 5Ú– sf]O/fnfn]
eGg'eof] . pxf“n] d'n'sdf /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf] sf/QmŒj /fhtGq ePsf]n] o;
k6ssf] ;ª\3if{n] /fhg}lts cl:y/tfsf] cGTo ug]{ atfpg'eof] .
Pdfn]sf
dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] …;k{sf] 5fnf t:s/L ug]{ / d"lt{sf] t:s/L
ug]{ÚnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] lrg]sf] atfp“b} …/fhf g/x] klg b]z /xg] t/ hgtf g/x]
b]z g/xg]Ú atfpg'eof] .
pxf“n]
;/sf/sf] cf8df cd]l/sfn] xfn} jftf{df cfPsf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cftª\ssf/L 3f]if0ff
u/]sf] atfp“b} ljb]zL zlQmx? jftf{ ef“8\g ;lqmo ePsf] cf/f]k klg
nufpg'eof] . …g]kfnLsf] ;d:of g]kfnLn] g} xn ug{ ;S5g\, jftf{df cfPsf
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ljb]zL zlQmn] cftª\ssf/L 3f]if0ff ug'{ cfGtl/s dfldnfdf 7f8f]
x:tIf]k xf]Ú– dxf;lrj g]kfnn] eGg'eof] .
hgdf]rf{
g]kfnsf cWoIf clds z]/rgn] ;ª\3if{ zfxL ;]gfnfO{ hgk|ltlglwx?sf] dftxtdf gNofO{
g/f]lsg] atfpg'eof] . …of] ;ª\3if{ lg0ff{os ;ª\3if{ xf], zfxL ;]gfnfO{
lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?sf] lgoGq0fdf gNofO{ / hflt, efiff, wd{, If]q, ju{ / ljljw
If]qdf b]lvPsf ;d:of ;dfwfg geP;Dd /f]ls+b}g– cWoIf z]/rgn] eGg'eof] .
g]kfn
dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]n] ljb]zL zlQmx? xftxltof/ a]Rgsf]
nflu zflGt jftf{ ef“8\g nfu]sf] cf/f]k nufpg'eof] . jt{dfg ;/sf/
c;+j}wflgs ePsfn] s'g} klg ljGb'df ldNg g;Sg] atfp“b} /fhfn] cfkm\gf] sfo{
;Rofpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
nf]s]Gb|axfb'/
rGb /fhfsf] s7k'tnL ;/sf/ ePsf] atfp“b} g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_ sf
/fli6«o pkfWoIf e/tljnf; ofbjn] /fhfsf] lgot /fd|f] ePsf] eP d/]sf] ;+ljwfgsf]
wf/f !@& ;a} bnsf] ;xdltdf ;d]t nufpg ;lsGYof]– eGg'eof] .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f
ufp“–a:tLdf l/ª dfr{ cleofg
b'Zdgdfly
/fhg}lts cfqmd0f ug{ cfx\jfg
sf7df8f}+÷
dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx?n] p7fp“b} cfPsf] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf hgdt ;[hgf ug]{ tyf ljsf;–lgdf{0f /
hg;]jfsf sfo{ ug]{ p2]Zon] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf j/k/sf lhNnfx?df …l/ª dfr{ cleofg–
)^)Ú ;'?jft ul/Psf] 5 . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08åf/f
cfof]lht pQm …l/ª dfr{ cleofgÚ laxLaf/ ljleGg lhNnfdf cfof]lht ;df/f]xsf aLr
;'? ul/Psf] lyof] .
o'4lj/fdsf]
cjlwdf hgtfsf] 3/b}nf];Dd k'Ug / ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'gsf lgldQ
dfcf]jfbLsf] ljz]if sdf08cGtu{tsf] hg;]gfsf sDkgLx? l/ª cleofgdf h'6]sf
5g\ . o;} l;nl;nfdf @ g+= sDkgLn] cfkm\gf] cleofg ut a}zfv !* ut]
l;Gw'kfNrf]saf6 ;'? u/]sf] 5 .
pQm sDkgLsf
sdf08/ czf]sn] o'4lj/fdsf] cj:yfdf 3/b}nf], e]63f6, zxLb kl/jf/ e]63f6 /
clegGbg Pjd\ ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL x'gsf lglDt o:tf] lsl;dsf] cleofg ;~rfng
x'g nfu]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ pQm cleofg 8]9 dlxgfsf] cjlw;Dd
rNg]5 . sfo{qmd pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf pQm sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly
If]qLoAo"/f] O~rfh{ ;f]gfdn] hgtfsf] ;]jf ug{, hgtfsf] /Iff ug{ / hgtfnfO{
dfof ug{sf lgldQ hg;]gfx? OdfGbf/Lk"j{s nfUg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxf“n]
zfxL ;]gfn] xltof/ a'emfpg'kg]{ egfOk|lt nlIft ub}{ Pp6f uf]nL / Ps lrD6L
jf?b;d]t ga'emfpg] hgfp“b} cfkm\gf] kf6L{ ;+ljwfg ;efeGbf Ps O~r tn gemg]{ atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmdnfO{
dfcf]jfbL :s'ln¨ ljefu ;b:o lj/xLn] ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ hgtfnfO{ j}rfl/s
?kdf ;z:q agfpg kf6L{n] :s"ln¨ ljefudfkm{t\ sfo{qmd NofPsf]
atfpg'eof] . csf{ cltly If]qLoAo'/f] ;b:o aGw'n] cleofg jftf{nfO{ tfls{s
lgisif{df k'¥ofpg ;xof]uL x'g] ljZjf; ln+b} cleofg ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf
lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmdsf]
;efkltTj sDkgL sld;f/ k|xf/n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng pk–sld;f/
;'af]wn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf >[ª\vnf ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n]
cfkm\gf] cfsif{s sfo{qmd k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
o;}u/L g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08, hgd'lQm ;]gf ! gDa/ sDkgLsf] cfof]hgfdf
g'jfsf]6af6 ;'? ePsf] l/ª dfr{ cleofgsf] /fpta];L ufh;sf] gof“ 5]kf/df Ps eJo
;df/f]xsf aLr g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= ;dz]/n] pb\3f6g
ug'{eof] .
l/ª dfr{ cleofgsf]
pb\3f6g ub}{ s= zd;]/n] hg;]gfn] kf6L{sf] lgb]{zgnfO{ kfngf ub}{ hgtfaf6 l;s]sf
s'/f km]l/ hgtfdf nfg lgk'0f aGg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'ePof] .
pxf“n] l/ª
cleofgsf] dxŒjdfly hf]8 lb+b} eGg'eof]– …xfdL hxf“ hfg ;s]sf 5}gf}+, Toxf“ hfg
rfxG5f}+ . pTkLl8t a:tLdf eofgs hgfwf/ lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . xfdLdf aGb's
/ zlQmsf] bDe x'g'x'“b}g, hgtfnfO{ :jR5tfk"j{s xfd|f] ;+u7gdf Nofpg] snf
k|of]u ug'{k5{ .Ú
…l/ª cleofg
Ps k|sf/sf] /fhg}lts o'4 xf] . xfdL b'ZdgnfO{ uf]nL x}g /fhg}lts ?kdf
cfqmd0f ug{ rfxG5f}+ . pxf“n] cufl8 eGg'eof]– of] cleofg ;}Go kª\lQmnfO{
/fhgLtLs/0f ug]{ sfo{ klg xf] .
pxf“n]
cleofgsf qmddf d'Vo b'Zdgsf af/] hgtfnfO{ caut u/fpg'kg]{ ljrf/ /fVb} hgtfnfO{
ca cfkm\gf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm} ug{ kfpg] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf nfUg cfx\jfg
ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
;f]xL
;df/f]xdf l/ª cleofgdf ul/g] sfdsf] of]hgf k|:t't ub}{ hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn !
gDa/ sDkgLsf sld;f/ tyf If]qLo Ao'/f] ;b:o s= sf]lz;n] hgtfsf 3/b}nf]df uP/
hg;]gf Psfsf/ x'“b} pgLx?sf b'Mv / kL8fdf ;xefuL aGg] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] hg;]gf
hgtfsf] ePsf] / hgtfs} sfv–kf]N6fdf af“Rg] hgtfn] lbPsf] ;'emfjnfO{ cg'z/0f
ug]{ hfgsf/L ;efdf lbg'eof] . pxf“n] k6L{sf] hg;]gf gof“ g]kfn agfpg
nfluk/]sf] atfp“b} eGg'eof]– xfd|f] ;]gf ljrf/n] n}; ePsf] 5 .
;efsf csf{
jQmf @ g+= lhNnf O~rfh{ tyf If]qLo Ao"/f] ;b:o huth+un] l/ª cleofgn]
g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ljsf;df csf]{ dxfg\ sfo{ ug]{ / hgtfsf a:tLdf uP/ kf6L{, ;]gf /
df]rf{n] gof“ lzIff l;Sg] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .
hgd'lQm ;]gf
g]kfn, ! gDa/ sDkgLsf sdf08/ s= ;ljgn] l;h / ldt]/L cleofgn] h:t} of] l/ª cleofgn]
klg b'Zdgsf if8\oGqnfO{ k/f:t ug]{ atfpg'eof] . sdf08/ ;ljgn] cleofgaf6
hg;]gfn] gof“ lzIff xfl;n ug]{ / Tof] hgtfsf] d'lQmsf nflu csf]{ sf];]9'¨f
x'g]5 eGg'eof] .
sDkgLsf
zfb'{nsf] ;~rfngdf ePsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xcl3 zxLbx?k|lt >4f~hnL / cGt/f{li6«o
uLt ;a} sd/]8x?n] Ps;fy ufPsf lyP .
sDkgLsf ;b:o
s= sjLGb|n] :jfut efif0f ug'{ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf hgsnfsf/x?n] aLraLrdf hf]lznf
uLt k|:t't u/]sf lyP . l/ª cleofgdf ;fd]n gjr]tgf ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] …l/ª
dfr{ xf] of], k|r08kyaf6 lgb]{lzt xf] of], k/]8 v]Nb}, e]/L gbL ;';fp“bf, dg
xfd|f] tftf] eof] h:tf hgjfbL uLt k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
l/ª cleofgdf
;xefuL ePsf hg;]gf kf6L{sf, df]rf{sf g]tf, sfo{Stf{ a}zfv !* ut] ;f“em g}
pb\3f6g:ynaf6 ufp“–ufp“df k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbL
hg;]gfåf/f ;~rflnt l/ª cleofgdf ufp“–ufp“df uP/ ;+u7g lgdf{0fsf ;fy}
af6f]3f6f], kfgL, kf6L, kf}jf, s'nf] lgdf{0f ug'{sf ;fy} hgtfsf b}lgs sfo{qmddf
;xefuL x'g] h:tf sfo{qmd ;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . o;}aLr tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm
df]rf{, g'jfsf]6–/;'jf–l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf g'jfsf]6sf]
rf}38fdf a}zfv !% ut] Ps uf]nd]r a}7s ;DkGg eof] .
;f] uf]nd]r
a}7sdf af]Nb} g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ @ g+= lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= lqrGb|n] cu|ufdL
/fhg}lts lgsf;sf nflu uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;ef Ps dfq cfwf/
ePsf] atfpg'eof] .
pxf“n]
;+;bjfbL kf6L{x? dfcf]jfbLn] /fv]sf Ph]08fdf cfpg'sf] abnf b/af/sf] jl/kl/
3'ld/x]sf] / d/]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ Ao'“tfpg] sf]lz;df nfu]sf] atfpg'eof] . s=
lqrGb|sf] egfO lyof]– gof“ ;+ljwfg agfpgsf] nflu x'g] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf hgdt
;[hgf ug{ ufp“–ufp“df uf]nd]r a}7s ug'{k5{ .
tfdfª /fli6«o
d'lQm df]rf{sf cWoIf u+ufaxfb'/ tfdfªn] hftLo d'lQmsf] nflu xfdL lg/Gt/
cfGbf]ngdf 5f}+ . hgo'4af6 dfq tfdfªsf] d'lQm x'g]5 eGg'eof] . pxf“n]
ufp“df k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] z"Gotf 5 . xfd|f] ;QfnfO{ cem dha't u/fpg tfdfª
;d'bfo gof 9+un] nflukg'{ kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
uf]nd]r
a}7sdf g'jfsf]6–/;'jf hg;/sf/sf k|ltlglw wd{/fh clwsf/Ln] /fi6«nfO{ gof“ lgsf;
lbg uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ckl/xfo{ ePsf]
atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg kf6L{sf g]tf / ha;sf g]tfx?n] klg ;Daf]wg
u/]sf lyP .
dO{
lbj; ;DkGg
sf7df8f}+÷
clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog dxf;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf oxL a}zfv !* ut] b]zsf ljleGg efudf
dO{ lbj; ;DkGg ePsf ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ .
dO{ lbj;sf]
cj;/df sf7df8f}+sf] ef]6flx6Laf6 ;'? ePsf] ljzfn dhb'/ ¥ofnL afnfh' cfBf]lus
If]qdf k'u]/ ;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf zDe'
kf}8]n, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj lxdfn zdf{, lzj 8f“uL, ab|L ahufO{+,
z}n]Gb| l3ld/], bLk]Gb| kGt, wgaxfb'/ lj=s=nufotsf jQmfx?n] ;efnfO{ ;Daf]]wg
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
dO{ lbj;s}
cj;/df af/fsf] hLtk'/ ahf/df Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmddf
cg]6«]o' dxf;+3sf pkfWoIf zDe' kf}8]n, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o xl/
rf}nfufO{+, dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ k|ltlglw s= k|sfz, dw]zL d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o nfnaxfb'/ rf}w/L, ls;fg g]tf huGgfy g]kfn, dlxnf g]t[ zflGt k/fh'nL
nufotsf jQmfx?n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ sL k"j{ dxf;lrj nIdL >]i7åf/f pb\3f6g ul/Psf] ;f] ;ef
;f]gnfn ;fxsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L a}zfv !* ut] clvn
g]kfn dhb'/ ;+3, af/fsf] t];|f] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cg]d;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ sL k"j{ dxf;lrj nIdL >]i7n] pb\3f6gug'{ePsf] pQm ;Dd]ngn]
dLgk|;fb cfkfufO{+sf] cWoIftfdf !# ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngsf] aGb ;qdf dhb'/ g]tf zDe' kf}8]nn] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
o;}aLr
k|zf;gåf/f x]6f}+8fdf xTof ul/Psf ljBfyL{ g]tf k|Lts'df/ df]Qmfg / e"k]Gb|
ltldlN;gfsf] xTofsf] lj/f]wdf af/f / k;f{df lj/f]w ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
dsjfgk'/af6 hgfb]znfO{ k|fKt Ps csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ oxL a}zfv !% / !^ ut]
ljleGg hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?sf] ;+o'Qm lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . clvn g]kfn
ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo dxf;lrj lrqaxfb'/ >]i7åf/f pb\3fl6t pQm
;Dd]ngnfO{ cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL k"j{ dxf;lrj nIdL >]i7, ljBfyL{ g]tf
;fw'/fd b]jsf]6f, tfdfª df]rf{sf nfnWjh tfdfª, blnt df]rf{sL dfgs'df/L g]kfnL
nufotn] z'esfdgf dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
dfn]
;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf
sf7df8f}+÷
oxL a}zfv !* b]lv @) ut];Dd ;DkGg g]skf -dfn]_ sf] bf];|f] /fli6«o;Dd]ngn]
ljleGg /fhg}lts b:tfj]h tyf ;d;fdlos k|:tfjx? kfl/t ug'{sf ;fy} ;L=kL= d}gfnLnfO{
dxf;lrjdf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 .
b'O{ ;o
krf;eGbf a9L k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] pQm ;Dd]ngn] g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
sfo{qmd …gof“ hgjfbÚ nfO{ b[9tfk"j{s cfTd;ft\ ub}{ lrlgof“ hgjfbL qmflGt /
dfcf] T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fsf ;fGble{s kIfnfO{ g]kfnL hgjfbL qmflGtsf] l;4fGtsf]
?kdf u|x0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;dd]ngsf lg0f{ox?af/] hfgsf/L u/fpg
lxhf] cfof]lht kqsf/ e]63f6 sfo{qmddf lbOPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ ;Dd]ngn] d'n'ssf]
tTsflns /fhg}lts ;d:ofsf] lgsf; gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0faf6 dfq} ;Dej ePsf]
lg0f{o u/]sf] hgfOof] . gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ;a}eGbf pQd pkfo ;+ljwfg
;ef ePsf] 7x/ klg dfn]sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] u/]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn]
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;d]t ;+nUgtfdf cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f ul/g'kg]{ lg0f{o ;d]t
u/]sf] 5 .
;Dd]ngåf/f
lgjf{lrt @& ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf 6+s /fO{, na k|wfg, Clif s§]n, hLtjL/
nfdf, lxdfn /fO{, ;Ltf v8\sf, g/]Gb| a:g]t, lbg]z kGyL, uf]kfndl0f uf}td, /fd
cfrfo{, dx]Gb| sltnf, 8Da/ k|;fO{+, sflnbf; >]i7, lbjfs/ zdf{, t]hk|;fb
s“8]n, /fd e08f/L, s'nk|;fb km'“ofn nufot /x]sf 5g\ .
zfxL
;]gfåf/f 7fp“–7fp“df vfgtnf;L
sf7df8f}+÷
o'4lj/fd eO{ zflGt jftf{sf] k|f/De eP klg ufp“df cem} hgtfn] jf:tljs
zflGtsf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfPsf
5}gg\ . cem} klg ;]gf–k'ln;sf] u:tL sfod} 5, cgfjZos vfgtnf;L, ;f]wvf]h /
hgtfnfO{ tf/]v nufpg] Pjd\ cftª\lQm kfg]{ nufotsf lqmofsnfkx? ljleGg lhNnfx?df
emg\ al9/x]sf va/x? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ .
vf]6fªaf6
xfd|f k|ltlglwn] k7fPsf] ;dfrf/ cg';f/ clxn] klg ;b/d'sfddf skm\o'{ nfUg]
u/]sf] 5 . / cGo ;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] klg k|zf;gåf/f nufOPsf] skm\o'{sf]
;j{bnLo a}7s u/]/} ;dy{g u/]sf] ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . To:t} clxn];Dd
aGbLx? g5f]8]sf] / ufp“–ufp“df uP/ zfxL ;]gfn] u:tL ub}{ vfgtnf;L lng],
ufp“n]x?nfO{ cftª\lQm agfp“b} xltof/ b]vf eGb} xKsLbKsL ug]{;d]t ;dfrf/df
atfOPsf] 5 .
k|fKt
va/cg';f/ ut r}q #) ut] l5tfkf]v/Ldf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] cfof]hgfdf vf]6fªs}
clxn];Ddsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] cfd;ef ePkl5 zfxL ;]gfsf] u:tLn] cfd;efdf pkl:yt
x'g]x?nfO{ cftª\lQm agfOPsf] 5 . oxL a}zfv * ut] 5f]/Da'l:yt chDa/ /fO{
nufotsf 3/x?df vfgtnf;L ul/Psf] ;d]t va/df atfOPsf] 5 .
To:t} l;Gw'nLaf6
xfd|f ;Djfbbftfn] k7fPsf] va/cg';f/ oxL a}zfv !^ ut] lhNnfsf] dxfb]j:yfg
uf=lj=;=df hg;]gfx?åf/f lgld{t zxLb u]6 zfxL ;]gfn] eTsfOlbPsf] 5 . To:t}
l;Gw'nLsf] slknfsf]6, hvfgL, a]ltgL, Rofg], 8f8L, sNkj[If nufotsf ufp“x?df zfxL
;]gfn] u:tL ub}{ hgtfnfO{ cftª\lQm agfpg] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . ;]gfn]
hgtfnfO{ cfw'lgs xltof/ gcfp~h]n dfq} xf], xltof/ cfO;s]kl5 km]l/ n8fO“ x'G5
h:tf u}/lhDd]jf/ s'/fx? ub}{ lx+8]sf] ;d]t k|fKt va/df atfOPsf] 5 .
To:t}
o'4lj/fdsf] $ dlxgf cjlw k'lu;Sbf klg zfxL ;]gfn] cfkm\gf Aof/]sx?df u}/sfg'gL
?kdf PsfGtjf;df /fv]sf cf:yfsf aGbLx?sf] l/xf u/]sf] 5}g . clxn] klg zfxL
;]gfn] n'sfP/ /fv]sf ;of}+ o'4aGbLx?sf] l/xfOsf] nflu dfgjclwsf/jfbL nufotsf
;+:yfx?sf] Wofg hfg g;s]sf] atfOG5 .
cGt/f{li6«o
k|]; :jtGqtf lbj; ;DkGg
sf7df8f}+÷
d]– # cyf{t\ oxL a}zfv @) ut] cGt/f{li6«o k|]; :jtGqtf lbj; g]kfndf klg ljleGg
;+u7gx?n] ljljw sfo{qmd;lxt dgfP . of] jif{ cGt/f{li6«o k|];hut\n]
g]kfnnfO{ kqsf/x?sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] h]nsf] ?kdf dfGb} cfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf
g]kfnL k|];n] km]l/ klg k|];–:jtGqtfnfO{ s'l07t ug{ gx'g] ljZjJofkL dfGotfnfO{
cufl8 ;fb}{ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf /fhwfgLdf ljleGg sfo{qmdsf ;fy
cGt/f{li6«o k|]; :jtGqtf lbj; dgfOof] . lbj;;“u} ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] Ps
k|ltj]bgdf g]kfndf ;+s6sfndf cf7hgf kqsf/x?sf] xTof /fHoaf6 / Pshgfsf] ljb|f]xL
kIfaf6 ePsf] tyf ! ;o ^^ hgf kqsf/x?nfO{ /fHoåf/f u}/sfg'gL ?kdf kqmfp u/L
y'gfdf /flvPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3åf/f cfof]lht uf]i7Ldf …;+s6sfnsf] cjlwdf g]kfnL k|];Ú gfds k':tssf]
cu|]hL ;+:s/0fsf] ljdf]rg k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbn] ug'{eof] .. ;f]
cj;/df rf/ bzseGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv lg/Gt/ ?kdf kqsfl/tfdf lqmofzLn kqsf/ kGgfnfn
u'KtfnfO{ dxf;+3åf/f o; jif{sf] k|]; :jtGqtf ;]gfgL ;Ddfg ul/of] . ;f]xL
sfo{qmddf k|]; sfplG;nsf cWoIf xl/x/ lj/xLn] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3;d]tsf] ;xdltdf
tof/ kfl/Psf] kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf– )^) ;fj{hlgs ug'{eof] .. dxf;+3sf ;efklt
tf/fgfy bfxfnsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg uf]i7Ldf dxf;lrj lji0f' lgi7'/L, ?;L dxf;+3sf
/fhb't e]N6L eL= gfhf/f]e, ;Dkfbs ;dfhsf cWoIf uf]ljGb ljof]uL nufotn] ;Daf]wg
ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng dx]Gb| lji6n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] ..
cGt/f{li6«o k|]; :jtGqtf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/} dxf;+3n] Ps h'n'';sf] klg cfof]hgf
u/]sf] lyof] . afuahf/af6 ;'? ePsf] ;f] h'n'; k'tnL;8s, eb|sfnL, ef]6flx6L
x'“b} e[s'6Ld08kdf uP/ ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .
o;}aLr )%* ;fn
r}q #) ut] cfkm\g} lgaf; sf7df8f}+ skgaf6 lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf lbzfaf]w dfl;ssf
k|aGw lgb]{zs ch'{g yklnof a}zfv !( ut] kf]v/f ljhok'/ Aof/]saf6 l/xf x'g'ePsf]
5 . pxf“nfO{ kqmfpkl5 s]xL ;do nugv]n /flvPsf] / To;kl5 kf]v/f ljhok'/df
;}lgs lx/f;tdf r/d oftgf lbP/ /flvPsf] yklnofn] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“nfO{
!( ut] ;}lgs lx/f;taf6 lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sf:sLdf a'emfO l/xf ul/Psf]
lyof] . yklnofn] cfkm\gf] l/xfOsf] nflu cfjfh p7fpg] ;a}df xflb{s wGojfb
lbg'ePsf] 5 .
ljz]if lhNnfdf ljzfn hg;ef
yjf¨÷
l9nf]u/L k|fKt va/ cg';f/ ut r}q @$ ut] /f]Nkfsf] yjfªdf ljzfn hg;ef ;DkGg
eof] . r}q @$ sf] P]ltxfl;s tyf /fhgLlts dxTjnfO{ sfod /fVg] k|0f ub{}
ljz]if lhNnf / hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf pSt ;ef cfof]hgf u/]sf
lyP .
sfo{qmdsf
k|d'v cltyL g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf dlxnf ljefu OGrfh{ s /]0f'n]
;z:q hgd'lQm ;]gf / Jofks hgtfsf] ljzfn hg;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{} eGg'eof]
–æj:t'ut l:yltnfO{ cfºgf] lgoGq0fdf /fv]/ kf6L{n] sfo{gLlt / /0fgLltsf] hggLlt
agfp“5 Tof] g} jf:tjdf hgtfsf] zlQm xf] .Æ
pxf“n]
yjfªsf jL/ hgtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{} eGg' eof] /fhgLlts ?kdf yjfªsf] P]ltxfl;s dxTj
5 . )#* ;fnb]lv k|lts[ofjfbL ;}lgssf] ck|]zgnfO{ lrb{} oxf“;Dd cfOk'Ubf
yjf¨L hgtfn] k|lts[ofjfbLnfO{ k|j]z lgif]w u/fPsf 5g\ . ca yjfª sDo'lgi6
cfGb]fngs]f /fli6«o s]Gb|laGb' dfq xf]Og, ;j{xf/fx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o s]Gb| ljGb'
;d]t aGg k'u]sf] 5 .Æ
o'4
lj/fdsf] ;dodf hgd'lQm ;]gf ljsf; lgdf{0fdf h'6]sf] b]Vbf v'zL JoQm ub{} pxf“n]
eGg'eof]– olb zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] k|lts[ofjfbLx?n] gof“ /fhgLlts lgsf;
glgsfn] csf{] r}q @$ n] k|lts[ofjfbLx?nfO{ g} a9f/]/ n}hfg]5 .
sfo{qmdsf
csf{ cltly jQmf dfcf]jfbL Ao"/f] ;b:o tyf ljz]if lhNnf OGrfh{ s= /ZdLn]
;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{} eGg'eof]–æ)$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+emf}tfdf
6'¨fPsf] x'“bf To:nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg ;ldltn] wf]sfk"0f{
;Demf}tf egL Toltv]/ g} ls6fgL u/]sf] lyof] h'g s'/f clxn] cfP/ Jojxf/af6 klg
k'li6 ePsf] 5 .
pxf“n]
b]zdf ;[hgf ePsf] gof“ zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] cj:yfnfO{ JofVof ub{} eGg'eof]– clxn]
xfdLl;t qmflGtsf/L /fhgLlt 5, hgd'lQm ;]gf 5 / Jofks hgtfsf] cfwf/ 5 . oL
ltg} zlQmsf] ;+o'Qm k|xf/n] oxf“sf] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ cnuynu u/fp“b} lj36gsf]
cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
pxf“n]
jftf{sf] k|;+u p7fp“b} eGg'eof]–clxn] xfdL /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngaf6 /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fdf cl3 a9\g] qmddf o'4 lj/fd e} jftf{sf] df]rf{df uPsf 5f}+ .
xfdL o'4 dfq} xf]Og jf:tljs zflGt klg rfxG5f}+ . olb k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn]
jftf{åf/f ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] pkfo Nofp“5 eg] o'4 xfd|f] rfxgf xf]Og .Æ
;f]
sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbL If]qLo Ao"/f] ;b:o s=qmflGt, ! g+ ljz]if lhNnf OGrfh{
s= k|tfk, $ g+= lhNnf ;b:o s= ch{'g, sfg"g ljb\ s= slknb]j, ev{/} h]nd'Qm
eP/ cfpg' ePsf s= ljb|f]x s=cfkmGtnufotsf jQmfx?n] cf–cfºgf] dGtJo /fVg' ePsf]
lyof] .
1ft–c1ft
zxLbx/sf] ;+emgfdf ! dLg6 df}gwf/0faf6 z'? ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng sDkgL
sdf08/ s= sf]lknfn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj ljz]if lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=
;'efifn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . aLraLrdf :yfgLo snfsf/x?n] hgjfbL uLt k|:t't
ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
cfGbf]ng jftf{sf] ;kmntfsf nflu p7fpg'k5{
b/af/af6
hgtfsf clwsf/ ck/x0f u/L lg/+s'ztf tkm{ k|ltudg ug{ nfu]sf] lj/f]wdf ut @! ut]
;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] v'nfd~rdf hgcfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ;ef cfof]hgf u/] . s'g}
klg cfGbf]ng lg?2]Zo / lg/y{s z'? ul/g' pko'Qm x'“b}g . hgtfsf] efjgf lhTg
hgtfsf dg–dl:tisnfO{ 5'g] / pgsf cfjfh / ;d:ofnfO{ p7fpg] x'g h?/L x'G5 .
;fy} cfGbf]ngsf] :ki6 lbzf, / lglb{i6 uGtJo klg lgSof{]n ul/g' cfjZos
x'G5 . k/Gt' ;+;bLo zlQmx?sf] cfGbf]ngsf] kxn / lbzf eg] s'lx/fsf] sfusf]
h:tf] /x]sf] cfd hgtfn] wf/0ff b]lvG5 .
cWof/f]df
9'+uf xfGg' Pp6f e|d dfq} xf] . o;}u/L hgtfnfO{ cfGbf]ngsf gfddf em'Sofpg'
klg 7uljBf dfq} ;QfkIfn] s'rL{sf] nflu ul/Psf] cfGbf]ng egL cf/f]k nufO/x]sf]
a]nf ToxL s'/f k'li6 ug{] u/L cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] uGtJoxLg / lbzfxLg cfGbf]ng
ug{'sf] cy{ /xb}g . k|ltudglj/f]wL xf] eg] To;n] s] dfu u/]sf] 5 / s'g
nIo;Dd k'Ug] tf/f] agfPsf] 5 Tof] :ki6 geP cfGbf]ngn] ult glng] / aLr}df t'lxg]
lglZrt 5 . clxn] ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts ;+/rgf / agf}6d}
kl/jt{g Nofpg] nIo ;fy cfGbf]ng ug{' dfq ;fy{s x'G5 t/ To;sf] k|lqmof s:tf]
x'g] Tof] klg :ki6 x'g'k5{ . vf]nf klg tg{ vf]Hg] / v'§f klg skfpg] z}nLn]
s]xL x'g]jfnf 5}g .
clxn]sf]
cfjZostf jftf{ ljyf]Ng] ;a} ultljlwnfO{ lgif]w ub{} jftf{nfO{ lglZrt
pknlAwk"0f{, tfls{s lgisif{;Dd k'¥ofO 5f8\g] sfo{df ;xof]ufTds bafj l;h{gf
ug{] cfGbf]ngsf] xf] . cfGbf]ngn] jftf{nfO{ cu|ufdL lgisif{ tkm{ k'¥ofpg
;xof]u ug{' k5{ eg] cfd hgtfsf] klg dfu oxL xf] . hgtfn] oyfl:yltjfbL jf
)$^ ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgs} bfo/fjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] rfxgf ul//x]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx?
To;eGbf cufl8 a9L k"0f{ k|hftflGqs clwsf/ ;DkGg ug{] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fåf/f
g]kfndf gd"gf k|hftGq :yfkgfsf nflu bnx? p7\g' kg{] cfJxfg ul//x]sf
5g\ . oltv]/ …;+;b k'g:yf{kgfÚ, …;+ljwfgsf] /IffÚ, …;j{bnLo ;/sf/Ú, …)$^
;fnsf] pknlAwsf] /IffÚ eGb} oyfl:ylts} kIfkf]if0f ug{]–u/fpg] u/L cfGbf]ng ug{
hgtfn] rfx]sf 5}gg\ . oL ;a} s'/fsf] kl/0flt t hgtfn] ljut !# jif{df /fd|};+u
ef]lu;s]sf 5g\ . t/ bnx? hgtfeGbf kl5 /x]/ oyfl:yltjfbs} cf/fwgfdf s]lGb|t
/lx/xg] xf] eg] lglZrt ?kdf pgLx?sf] kl5 /x]sf hgtfn] ;d]t pgsf] ;fy 5f]8\g]5g\
/ cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] nflu cl3 a9\g] 5g\ . To;kl5 ;+;bLo bnx?n] cfkm\gf]
e"ldsf ;dfKt ePsf] af]w klg ug{]5g\ .. o:tf] l:ylt cfpg glbg ;+;bLo
zlQmx? ca …k'/fg} /6Ú / …d]/f] uf]?sf] afx|} 6SsfÚ sf] lgotaf6 aflx/ lg:sg /
;dosf] cu|ufdL ultnfO{ kqmg h?/L 5 . To:tf] cfGbf]ngn] dfq jftf{nfO{ ;fy{s
kl/0ffddf k'¥ofpg ;xof]uL e"ldsf v]Ng]5 .. dl/;s]sf] k'/fgf]
;+ljwfgdf ;f; km's]/ Ao'“tfpg]lt/ nfUg] xf]Og gof“ ;+ljwfg hGdfpg] tkm{
cfGbf]ngsf] lbzf :ki6 kl/nlIft x'g h?/L 5 .
hgtfnfO{
k"0f{ ?kdf ;fj{ef}d ;Qf ;DkGg kfb{} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f, cg'df]bg /
sfof{Gjogsf ;a} clwsf/ k|fKt geP;Dd c? ;a} s'/f e|d / 9f]+u dfq x'g]5g\ . s'g}
klg ?kdf k|ltudg / oyfl:yltjfb clxn]sf] lgsf; x'g ;Sb}g .. a9LeGbf a9L
k|hftflGqs clwsf/;Dd k'¥ofpg] sfo{df g} cfGbf]ng s]lGb|t /xg' h?/L 5 eGg]
s'/fnfO{ oltv]/ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmn] Xbo+ud ug{} kg{] x'G5 . cfGbf]ngsf]
ljrf/ kljq eP klg uGtJo / lbzf c:ki6tfsf sf/0f o:tf] z+sf pleg' :jefljs}
b]lvG5 .. dfcf]jfbLsf k|:tfjdf b]lvPsf k"0f{ k|hftflGqs k4ltsf
dfux?n] ;+;bLo zlQmx?eGbf pgLx? g} a9L k|hftflGqs, v'nf / :ki6 5g\ eGg]
b]vfp“5 . ;+ljwfg ;efåf/f gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L To;df k"“hLjfbL
k|hftflGqs d"No / dfGotfsf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"ltsf nflu h'g wf/0ff kq
p;n] k|:t't u/]sf] 5 To;nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{'sf] cy{ k|ltudgs} ;]jf x'g hfg] jf
;+sL0f{ oyfl:yltd} af“lwP/ a:g] x'g hfG5 t/ clxn]sf] hgtfsf] dfu eg] g k|ltudg
xf] g t oyfl:ylt, a? xf], k|ultzLn k"0f{ k|hftflGqs lgsf; .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f k|:t't Ph]08fx?nfO{ x]bf{ klg b]zdf clxn] a9L k|hftflGqs zlQm t
dfcf]jfbL g} kf] ePsf] k|dfl0ft x'G5 . dfcf]jfbLn] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf]
;d]t g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] o; cj:yfdf k|ltudglj?4 cfGbf]ng/t ;Dk"0f{ zlStx?n]
cfGbf]ngsf] lgzfgf / nIo Pp6} agfpg' kb{5 . clxn]sf] cfjZostf eg]sf] ;8s
cfGbf]ng / jftf{sf b'j} df]rf{af6 k|ltudg / oyfl:ylt lj?4 h'Wb} gof“ k|hftflGqs
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu kxn s]lGb|t ul/g' xf] .
t/fOsf lhNnfx?df ls;fg hfu/0f cleofg
sf7df8f}+÷
k"jL{ t/fOsf ljleGg lhNnfx?df ls;fg hfu/0f cleofg / ;ef Pj+ ;Dd]ngx? ;DkGg
ePsf ;dfrf/x? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . ut j}zfv !# ut] c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmf_pbok'/sf]
k|yd lhNnf e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . u'dfgl;+x ;'j]bLsf] cWoIftfdf !!–;b:oLo
lhNnf ;ldlt u7g ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf k|d'v cltly
x'g'x'GYof] .
To;}u/L r}q @* ut] c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmf_
;Kt/Lsf] k|yd lhNnf e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . e]nfn] 5]9L rfj9sf] cWoIftfdf
!&–;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . To:t} /f}tx6df r}q @^ / @&
ut] l;/xfdf r}q # ut], wg'iffdf kmfNu'0f #) ut], dxf]Q/Ldf kmfNu'0f @* ut],
;nf{xLdf kmfNu'0f @^ ut] ;DalGwt lhNnfx?sf lhNnf e]nf Pj+ ;Dd]ngx? ;DkGg ePsf
5g\ .
jL/ zxLb
1fdk|;fb rfln;]sf] ;+lIfKt hLjgL
;+;f/df
y'k|} dfG5]x? hGd] / y'k|} dfG5]x? d/], of] hLjgsf] cgGt k|lqmof xf] . t/
;+;f/df s]xL To:tf dflg;x? hGdG5g\ hf] sd{sf] dfWodaf6 cfsfzdf b]bLKo tf/f em}
rlDs/xG5g\ / ;d:t dfgj hfltn] g} >4f / ;Ddfgn] cfkm"nfO{ To:tf dflg;sf]
;fd'Gg]df ;dlk{t ub{5g\ . To:t} ef}lts d[To'j/0f u/]/ klg cho / cd/ dfG5]
dWo cfkm"nfO{ chDd/L vftfdf btf{ ug{' x'g] dxfg\ zxLb 1fdk|;fb rfln;]
-s=cfofd_sf] cfbz{do hLjgufyf x/]s qmflGtsf/Lsf] lglDt ;w}+sf] lglDt k7gLo /
dggLo alg/xg] 5 .
@)@&
;fndf afUn'¨df % efO{ 5f]/f / ! alxgL 5f]/L dWo a'jf 5ljnfn rfln;] / cfdf
l6sfb]jL rfln;]sf] dfOnf] ;Gtfgsf] ?kdf hGdg' ePsf s= cfofd a;fO“ ;/fO“sf]
qmddf kl/jf/;+u} t/fOsf] lhNnf alb{of uf]nf uf=h=;=df cfpg' ePsf] lyof] ..
aL=Pn= ;Ddsf] cf}krfl/s lzIff k"/f ug{' ePsf x/]s j:t' uDeL/tfk"j{s
s]nfpg] / gd| :jefjsf wgL ;fbf hLjg Jojxf/sf cu|0fL s= cfofddf ljb|f]xL :jefj /
/fhg}lts r]tgf ;fg} b]lv ljBdfg lyof] . h;n] ubf{ ;dfhdf ePsf cGofo,
cTofrf/, bdg / pTkL8gsf] lj/f]w ug{] qmddf @)$$ ;fndf tTsfnLg g]=s=kf= dzfnsf]
kf6L{ ;b:otf k|fKt ug{' eof] . @)$^ ;fndf ljBfyL{ df]rf{ alb{ofsf] cWoIf,
@)$* df ljBfyL{ df]rf{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o, @)$( df tTsfnLg g]=s=kf= Pstf s]Gb|sf]
alb{of lhNnf ;b:o, tyf @)%@ df cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf] s]Gb|Lo
sf]iffWoIf / @)%$ df s]lGb|o pkfWoIf eO{ ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf dxTjk"0f{
g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{' eof] . @)%% df g]=s=kf -dfcf]jfbL_ af“s]±alb{ofdf lhNnf
;ldltsf] ;]qm]6l/o6 ;b:o / @)%^ df af“s]±alb{of lhNnf ;]qm]6/Lsf] lhDd]jf/L axg
ug{' eof] . qmflGtn] gof“ prfO{ k|fKt ub{} hf“bf qmflGtsf/Lx?dfly cfpg]
r'gf}tLx? s'zntf k"j{s k5\ofp“b} u'0ffTds 9+uaf6 bfloTj k"/f ug{}
;jfndf @)%& ;fndf dxfg / uf}/jzfnL kf6L{sf] klZrdf~rn If]qLo Jo"/f]
;b:o tyf af“s]±alb{of lhNnf O~rfh{sf] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L s'zntfk"j{s
lgjf{x ug{' eof] .
qmflGtsf/L
hLjgofqfsf hl6ntfx?;“u h'Wb} s= cfofd s}n] ju{j}/Lsf] h]ndf, oftgf / tf8gf;+u
xf};L, xf};L k|ltjfb ul//xg' x'GYof] . slxn] v'gL / cfttfoL zf;gsf]
if8\oGqsf] tf/f] aGg'x'GYof] . To;} qmddf @)%@÷)%# df !) dlxgf h]n hLjg /
bh{gf}+ c? em'§f d'2fx?af6 pxf“nfO{ unfpg] k|oTg k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;g Joj:yfaf6
eP klg pxf“ tL sdhf]/ xts08faf6 ylst x'g' ePg a? emg\ tLj| ultdf hgtfsf] ljb|f]xL
r]tgf / cfsfª\Ifsf] lg/Gt/ g]t[Tj ul//xg' eof] .. cfGbf]ngsf] aLraf6 s=
cfofdn] @)%$ df ;/nf /]UdL;“u hgjfbL ljjfx ug{' eof] . pxf“sf] Ps 5f]/f
cf]hg x'g'x'G5 .
;+w}el/
kf6L{ hLjg / sfdd} /dfpg] s= cfofd @)%* d+l;/ @^ ut] af“s]sf] sf]xnk'/af6
lbgsf] pHofnf]d} hlta]nf ;xofqLx?;+u} lu/ºtf/ kg{' eof] . Tolta]nf kmfl;i6
;Qfsf] r'Tyf gf]s/x?sf] e4f jftf{ if8\oGqsf] lgs[i6 rqmJo"x rfn kfPkl5
kf6L{n] n8fO hf/L /fVb} u/]sf] / zfgbf/ eJotd / ;kmn cfqmd0fn] slyt ;+s6sfnsf]
se/df b'lgofsf efUodf dgk/L v]Ng] b'ik|of;sf] huhuL ljBdfg lyof] . t/ klg
Pp6f /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] lhDd]jf/ g]tfnfO{ lbp“;} klqmPkl5 Tolt lgs[i6 s's[To
unf{ eg]/ ;Eo ;dfhn] kl/sNkgf klg u/]sf] lyPg .
ju{
b'Zdgsf] sAhfdf k/]kl5 s= cfofdnfO{ lx/f;td} cdfg'lifs / cfttfoL oftgf lbP/
;8fpg] / unfpg] k|oTg ul/of] . b'Zdgn] pxf“nfO{ af/Daf/ k|oTg u¥of], t/
pxf“ pgLx?;“u em'Sg' ePg . k/Gt' …d]/f] z/L/ 6'qmf–6'qmf kf/] klg d sbfkL
em'lQmg h] ;S5f}+ u/Ú eg]/ hjfkm lbg' eof] . cGtdf ljrf/af6 k/flht dfgj?kL
bfgjx?n] ^@ lbgsf] lx/f;tdf s'6L–s'6L lgd{dtfk"j{s @)%* df3 @* ut] pxf“ /
pxf“sf ;xof]4f s= Clif l3ld/]sf] xTof u/L @( ut] af“s]sf] rL;fkfgL h+undf
eL8Gtdf dfl/Psf] egL b'lgof“nfO{ d"v{ / pNn' agfpg] cfttfoL xs{t
u/] . hltv]/ s'6L–s'6L pxf“nfO{ a]xf]; kfl/of], lhp“bf] x'“bf;Dd pxf“ eGb}
x'g'x'GYof] æP dfG5]sf] /ut vfg] nf5Lx? xf] ;S5f}+ eg] cfkm"n] lgdf{0f
u/]sf] lgodsf] kfngf u/Æ t/ Hofgdf/fsf] b'lgofdf Gofosf] lglDt n8]sf] Pp6f
ef}lts z/L/ 9flnof] / Pp6f em'6 ;"rgfsf] km/]a /lrof] .
hgtfsf]
cf“vfsf] gfgL, hg;d'bfosf] lk|o / cfb/0fLo g]tfaf6 l;Sg' kg{] qmflGtsf/L hLjgsf
ax'cfofdx? 5g\ . j:t'k|ltsf] åGbfTds b[li6sf]0f, OdFGbfl/tf, b[9tf /
nIok|ltsf] lgi7tf, gd|tf / nugzLntf s= cfofd;“u af“lr/xg] pxf“sf ljz]iftfx?
x'g\ . pxf“ h:tf xhf/f}+ g]kfnL cfdfsf ;jf{]Qd 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] aufPsf] /ut /
alnbfgn] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] k"0f{tf eJotf 9+uaf6 dha't ag]/ uPsf] 5 .
s= cfofdn] aufpg' ePsf] /utsf] plrt abnf o'4 d}bfgaf6} lnP/ g} pxf“ / pxf“h:tf
dxfg\ zxLbx/sf] cw"/f ;kgfx? k"/f ug{ e]s If]qLo Ao"/f]n] zf]s
jQmJodf eg] h:t} o'4 d}bfgaf6} abnf lng k+lQma4 agf}+ . s= cfofdsf c;+Vo
ljz]iftf, u'0f / Ifdtfx?sf] cg'z/0f u/f}+ .
lhNnf ;Dd]ngsf] nx/
sf7df8f}+÷
ljleGg lhNnfx?af6 lhNnf ;Dd]ng, e]nf nufotsf ljljw ultljlwsf ;dfrf/x? k|fKt
ePsf 5g\ . o;} qmddf oxL j}zfv !^ / !& ut] vf]6fªdf ljleGg hgjuL{o
;+u7gx?sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf] gjf}+ lhNnf ;Dd]ng,
c=g]=d=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_sf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ng, blnt d'lSt df]rf{sf] t];|f] /
ls/f“t /fli6«o df]rf{sf] ;+o'St lhNnf ;Dd]ng ljqmdvs{sf] k+rfotL df=lj=df ;DkGg
eof] .
!^ ut] ;+o'St pb\3f6g sfo{qmdsf ;fy z'? ePsf] pSt ;Dd]ngsf]
!& ut] 5'§f 5'§} aGb ;q / !( ut] a'O{kfsf] k+r8f]af6f]df ;+o'St 3f]if0ff
;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf bLks tfdfªsf] ;+rfng, ls/f“t
/fli6«o df]rf{sf] lhNnf ;+of]hs cd[tf /fO{sf] ;efkltTjdf /
c=g]=ls=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_sf lhNnf ;+of]hs k'ik a:g]tn] :jfut efif0f ug{' ePsf]
;f] sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly g]=s=kf -dfcf]jfbL_ ljz]if Jo"/f] ;b:o tyf
vf]6fª–ef]hk'/ OGrfh{ tyf ls=/f=df] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljsf; /fO{ x'g'x'GYof] .
ljz]if Ao"/f] ;b:o Pj+ vf]6fª lhNnf ;]qm]6/L lbk, c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ s]=;= tyf ljz]if Ao"/f] OGrfh{ ;ldtf sfsL{, tf=/f=d'=df]=sf
6+s tfdf¨ / k~rjtL df=lj=sf] tkm{af6 uf]ljGb kf]v/]nn] ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf]
z'esfdgf lbg' ePsf] lyof] .. cltlyx?n] z'esfdgf dGtJo lbg'sf ;fy} /fli6«o
cGt/f{li6«o ljifox?df k|sfz kfg{' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;Dd]ngn]
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ tkm{ lbks tfdfªsf] cWoIftfdf !!–;b:oLo lhNnf
;ldlt / c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ tkm{ ldgf s6'jfnsf] cWoIftfdf !#–;b:oLo lhNnf
;ldlt rog ul/Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ d"n OsfO{ ;ldlt /];'¨f ax'd'vL
SofDk; u'NdLsf] cfof]hgfdf oxL j}zfv !$ ut] ljBfyL{ ljbfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf]
5 . To;}u/L xfn} /];'¨f SofDk;sf] Ps e]nfn] lszf]/kGyLsf] cWoIftfdf
^–;b:oLo d"n OsfO{ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . pSt e]nfdf clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_sf s]=;= 6Lsf/fd cf]nLn] k|lzIf0f dGJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL lhNnfdf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;ldltn] j}zfv @) ut] x:tLrf}/ uf=lj=;
nufot cGo df=lj=df ljBfyL{sf] egf{ z'Nssf] ;Gbe{df df=lj=, lg=df=lj= / pRr
df=lj=x?sf k|=c= / Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIfx?;+u Ps cGtlqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .
To;}u/L k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ slknj:t' lhNnf
;ldltn] lhNnf lzIff sfo{nodf !!–;"qLo dfukq k]z u/]sf] 5 . ;+u7gsf
lhNnf cWoIf s]zj e';fnåf/f x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtdf lghL z}lIfs ;+:yfnfO{ ;/sf/L s/0f
ul/g' kg{], ljBfyL{x?nfO{ oftfoftdf %)k|ltzt 5'6 lbg'kg{], cgfjZos z'Ns s6f}tL
ug{'kg{] h:tf dfux? /flvPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L j}zfv !& ut] c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] bf];|f]
af/f lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . uLtf s8]nsf] ;+rfng / zflGt k/fh'nLsf]
;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf k"j{ dxf;lrj
nIdL >]i7n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] .. ;Dd]ngnfO{ g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_sf af/f
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= lzv/, ljz]if sdf08 cGt/ut dlxnf ;b:o s= cg'iff nufot cGo
hgjuL{o ;+u7gsf k|ltlglwx?n] ;Daf]wg ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
afub]j uf=lj=;=df dlxnfx?sf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg
;Dd]ngsf] aGb ;qn] ! hgf kl5 yKg] u/L zfGtL k/fh'nLsf] cWoIftfdf !% ;b:oLo
lhNnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sfe|]sf] 5}6f}+ lhNnf ;Dd]ng
…;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx? k|ltudgsf] lj?4 cfGbf]ngdf pqf}+, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d
;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf 5}6f}+ lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;kmn kf/f}+Ú eGg] d"n
gf/fsf ;fy sfe|] lhNnfsf] e'Ub]p uf=lj=;=df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;lrj sNkgf wdnfn] pb\3f6g
ug'{ePsf] pQm ;Dd]ngdf ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08cGtu{t ljefusL ;b:o cg'iffn] k|lzIf0f
lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kfj{tL
yfkfn] z'esfdgf lbg'ePsf] lyof] .. ;fy} kf6L{ k|ltlglwaf6 lhNnf ;]qm]6/L
s= dx]z, tf=/fd'=df]= g]kfnsL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o dLgf tfdfª, blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf
s[i0f lj=s=, ljBfyL{af6 b]jnfn nfdf, ls;fgaf6 sfG5f nfdfn] z'esfdgf dGtJo
lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
sdnf bf]ªsf] ;efkltTj / clgtf nfdfsf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf]
;f] ;Dd]ngsf] aGb;qn] !% ;b:oLo gof“ lhNnf ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 . h;df
cWoIf sdnf bf]ª, pkfWoIf clgtf tfdfª, ;lrj dfgs'df/L Enf]g, ;x–;lrj ;/:jtL
ahufO{+, sf]iffWoIf ;'zLnf lji6 / ;b:ox?df ;l/tf nfdf, ;'GtnL yf]s/, ljGb'
tfdfª, /l;nf tfdfª, b]jL /;fOnL, sdnf bf]ª, cl:dtf tfdfª, g]qs'df/L du/,
;'s'dfof tfdfª / /flwsf zdf{ /xg'ePsf] 5 .
;NofgLx? eG5g\
o;/L ylk/x]sf 5f}+ gof“ ;Qfsf gof“
cg'ejx?
lvnaxfb'/ e08f/L
;Nofg÷ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;a} :yfgLo
lgsfox? e¨ ePsf] cj:yfdf ;Nofg lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] cfof]hgfdf ut r}q @* ut]b]lv
a}zfv @ ut];Dd rn]sf] hgk|ltlglw ;efsf] k|yd clwj]zg ;lsPkl5 clxn] ;NofgLx?
ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf sfddf nfu]sf 5g\ . ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf] nflu pgLx?n] o;
jif{sf] nflu @% nfvsf] ah]6 kf; u/]sf 5g\ . Tof] ah]6af6 !% nfv
ljsf;–lgdf{0fdf, @ nfv ;fwf/0f vr{ / af“sL * nfv ljljw vr{sf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf]
5 .
hgk|ltlglw ;ef ;Nofgsf] klxnf] clwj]zgsf] 3f]if0ff;ef v'Nnf
;efsf] ?kdf yf/df/]df ;DkGg ul/of] . of] ;ef ;DkGg ul/;s]kl5 ;NofgLx?;“u
csf]{ pT;fx klg ylkPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?sf] 7DofO 5– …xfdL ljzfn
hgtfs} dfemdf /x]5f}+ .. ljleGg Onfsfaf6 pkl:yt b;f}+ xhf/sf] hg;xeflutfdf
;DkGg 3f]if0ff ;efdf lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v sLlt{axfb'/ k'gn] clwj]zgaf6 kfl/t !!
a'“b] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k|:t't ug'{eof] . Tof] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf ;Nofgsf
;a} If]qnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L lzIff, jg, e"ld, s[lif, :jf:Yo, sfg'g;DaGwL
ljleGg k|:tfjx? ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . ToxL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdcg';f/ g} oxL jif{df
;Nofgsf tLg 7fp“df ljh'nL lgsfNg] of]hgf /x]sf] ;d]t k|d'v k'gn]
atfpg'eof] .
hgk|ltlglw ;efsf] clwj]zgaf6 s]–s] gof“ of]hgfx? aGof] eg]/
;'Gg pkl:yt ePsf hgtfsf aLrdf k|d'v sLlt{axfb'/ k'gn] clxn] tTsfn Pp6f
gd"gf ljBfno agfpg], s[lifdf ;xsfl/tf u/L @ j6f gd"gf s[lif kmd{x? lgdf{0f
ug]{, afnlzIff / k|f}9 lzIff tTsfn ;~rfng ug]{ atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] :yfgLo
hgtfsf] :jf:Yosf] Vofn ub}{ ufp“–ufp“df :jf:Yo 6f]nL agfP/ 3'dfpg] of]hgf
agfPsf] / clxn] tTsfn s]xL 3'DtL 6f]nL agfOxfNg] / ufp“ k7fpg] of]hgf /x]sf]
atfpg'eof] .. o;sf] nflu %@ hgf gd"gf :jf:Yo sfo{stf{x? ljz]if
lhNnfn] tof/ ub}{5 / !) hgf ;Nofgsf] nflu k7fO“b}5 ljz]if lhNnf :jf:Yo ljefu
;]qm]6/L cfj]un] atfpg'eof] . k|d'v sLlt{axfb'/ k'gn] log} gd"gf
:jf:Yo sfo{stf{x?åf/f g} :yfgLo jfl;Gbfx?nfO{ :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ul/g] of]hgf /x]sf]
v'nf;f klg ug'{eof] .
clxn] ;Nofgdf hg;/sf/n] k|d'vtfsf ;fy s[lifdf cfw'lgstf lbg]
s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . ljz]iftM cGgjfnL, kmnkm"n, t/sf/L
v]tLnfO{ cfw'lgs v]tL k|0ffnLcg';f/ v]tL ug]{ s'/f atfpg'x'G5– k|d'v
sLlt{axfb'/ k'g .. t/ clxn];Dd ;Nofg lhNnfsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] ;d:of v]tL
ug]{ k'/fgf] tl/sf xf] . o;n] ubf{ klg hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu cTolws dfG5]x?
ljb]lzg] rng /x]sf] c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ ;Nofg lhNnf cWoIf tyf If]qLo ;dGjo
;ldltsf ;b:o atfp“5g\ .. ls;fg cWoIfsf cg';f/ ls;fgx?nfO{ cfly{s ?kdf
alnof] agfpg pGgt ?kdf v]tL ug]{ k|0ffnL l;sfpgsf nflu If]qLo s[lif ljefu ;d]t
ag]sf] 5 . If]qLo s[lif ljefusf c;Ldsf cg';f/ clxn] /f]Nkf, ?s'd, ;Nofg,
hfh/sf]6nufotsf lhNnfdf ljefun] ljleGg JolQmx?nfO{ tflndsf] Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf]
5 . ;Nofgsf ls;fg cWoIf eGg'x'G5– clxn] If]qLo s[lif ljefuaf6 @ hgf
ljz]if1x? ;Nofg cfpg'ePsf] 5, pxf“x?n] ls;fgx?nfO{ gd"gfof]Uo v]tL k|0ffnL
l;sfO/xg'ePsf] 5 .
cem} klg xfdLnfO{ kof{Kt dfqfdf s[lif ljz]if1sf] cefj
5 . o;n] ubf{ lhNnfsf ;a} 7fp“df xfd|f ljz]if1x? k'Ug ;ls/fv]sf 5}gg\
cWoIf eGg'x'G5 .
xfdLn] l;sfPsf /fhg}lts k|lzIf0fx?n] clxn] ;NofgL ls;fgx?n]
c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ nfO{ dg k/fPsf 5g\ . pgLx?n] aNn xfdL lsg
zf]if0fdf k¥of}+, xfdLn] ;w}+ lsg b'Mv kfof}+ eGg] s'/f a'em\g yfn]sf 5g\–
ls;fg cWoIf atfp“5g\ .
;Nofgsf ;fdGtx? / ltgsf sAhf ul/Psf hUufx?M
ljqmdl;+x /f7f}/ j8fufp“ lgjf;L x'g\ . pgL ufp“sf jfl;Gbfx?nfO{ rsf]{ Aofh lng], u/La hgtfsf hUuf hdLgx? ;:tf] / ljleGg hfnem]n u/]/ cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lng] km6fxf x'g\– dfcf]jfbLx?sf] lgisif{df . To;}n] pgsf] %)) d'/L cGg x'g] hUuf sAhf ul/Psf] atfp“5g\– ufh; k|d'v jL/jn zdf{ . To:t} lhNnf hg;/sf/sf Ps ;b:osf cg';f/ dfemsf8f lgjf;L eb|h¨ zfx nufot tLg efOsf] tLg 3/;lxt tL ;o d'/L eGbf a9L wfg x'g] hUuf sAhf ul/Psf] 5 .
k~rfotsfnb]lv k|x/Lsf] cf8 lnP/
hgtfnfO{ b'Mv lbg], dlxnfx?nfO{ anfTsf/ ug]{, l;=cfO{=8L=–;'/fsL ug]{, sof}+sf]
hUuf x8Kg] l1j]0fL ufh; n'xfd lgjf;L xl/k|;fb >]i7nfO{ ;+s6sfnsf] a]nf
dfcf]jfbLx?n] sfjf{xL u/] .. pgLx?sf cg';f/ >]i7sf] rf/ la3f hUuf, 3/df
ePsf] # ;o d'/L wfg, sk8f k;naf6 &)–&% xhf/sf] ;fdfg ;lxt ;j{:jx/0f
ul/Psf] 5 . pgnfO{ k6s–k6s r]tfjgL lb+bf klg emg\ pN6f] 3/d} k|x/L /fv]/
dfcf]jfbLx?sf] ;'/fsL ug{ yfn]kl5 afWo eP/ sfjf{xL u/]sf] atfp“5g\ ufh; k|d'v
nf]saxfb'/ vqL .
To;}u/L d"nvf]nfsf zfGtaxfb'/ zfxsf] klg hUuf
dfcf]jfbLx?n] sAhf u/]sf 5g\ eg] sf]6df}nfsf w|'j k'/L, rfb] ufh;sf dfgaxfb'/
/f]Ssfsf] hUuf eg] /f]Ssf ul/Psf] / pgLx?n] hgtfsf aLr cfP/ cfkm\gf] sdhf]/Lx?
:jLsf/ u/]df hUuf lkmtf{ x'g ;Sg] atfp“5g\ ;f]xL ufh; k|d'vx? . rfb] ufh;
k|d'v g/axfb'/ rnfpg]sf cg';f/ ;fdGt dfgaxfb'/ /f]Ssfsf] Pp6f cf}iflw k;n, Pp6f
uNnf k;n u/L b'O{ j6f k;naf6 @ nfv eGbf a9L ;DklQ sAhf ul/Psf] 5 . lemDk]
ufh; k|d'v nf]skfn s]=;L=sf cg';f/ kf6L{sf] of]hgfdf lemDk] lgjf;L b]jLnfn
vqLsf] Ps ;o d'/L wfg x'g] hUuf sAhf ul/Psf] 5 . k|d'v s]=;L= eG5g\– b]jLnfnsf]
s]xL hUuf u/La ls;fgx?nfO{ af“8]sf] / s]xL hUuf clwof“df v]tL ug{ lbOPsf]
5 .. To;af6 tL; d'/L wfg cfDbfgL x'g] / Tof] cfDbfgLsf] wfg kf6L{sf]
e]nf–k|lzIf0fdf vr{ ug]{ atfpg'x'G5– ufh; k|d'v nf]skfn s]=;L= . To:t}
5fof If]q dlGb/sf] @%÷@^ /f]kgL u'7L hUuf c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ ;Nofg
lhNnfsf] of]hgf cg';f/ sAhf ul/Psf] / Tof] hUuf klg :yfgLo ls;fgx?nfO{ v]tL ug{
lbOPsf] 5, To;af6 tLg efusf] Ps efu cfDbfgL kf6L{n] lng] nf]skfn s]=;L=
atfpg'x'G5 . pxf“ eGg'x'G5– !#÷!$ /f]kgL hUuf t cem} af“em} 5 .
ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf sfdx?M
;Nofgs} ;aeGbf w]/} ljsf; lemDk] ufh;df g} ePsf] 5 . )%$
;fnsf] sflt{s dlxgflt/ dfcf]jfbLsf hg;]gfx?n] lemDk] 6fj/dfly sfjf{xL u/]kl5
Toxf“sf] ljsf; ;'? ePsf] 5 . clxn] lemDk] ufh;df dfq )%& ;fn otf % j6f
sf7] k"n alg;s]sf] 5 .. )%& ;fndf klxnf] Pp6f k"n agfp“bf !#
;o hgtf kl/rfng ePsf lyP eg] gub ?k}of“ hDdf ^ ;o dfq vr{ ePsf] lyof] .
ev{/ @)%( ;fn r}qdf rf/j6f sf7] k"n alg;s]sf] 5– To;df ^ xhf/ eGbf a9L
hgtfsf] hg>dbfg vr{ ePsf] 5 eg] gub hDdf @% ;o ?k}of“ dfq vr{ ePsf] 5 .
oL ;a} ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf km]xl/:t hgfb]znfO{ atfp“b} ufh; k|d'v nf]skfn s]=;L=
eGg'x'G5– lemDk] ufh;df g} Ps xhf/ hgfsf] ;xeflutf / @& ;o gub vr{ u/]/ @
j6f zf}rfno lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] 5 eg] >Ls[i0f df=lj= kf]v/L8f“8fdf ljBfnosf]
u|fp08 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 o;df klg nueu @ xhf/ hgtfsf] ;xeflutf ePsf]
lyof] . Pp6f k|f=lj=sf] u|fp08 klg ev{/ lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 eg] )$* ;fnb]lv
otf )%( ;fn;Dd ;a} j8fdf uf]/]6f] af6f] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5– s]=;L= eGg'x'G5 .
k|d'v nf]skfn s]=;L=nfO{ olt w]/} ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf sfddf h'6\g k|]/0ff sxf“af6 hfUof]
< pgsf] cfkm\gf] 5'§} /fhg}lts k[i7e"ld 5 . )%@ ;fndf dfcf]jfbLn]
hgo'4 yfNbf ;d]t s]=;L= Pdfn] kf6L{sf] ufp“ ;lrj lyP . pgnfO{ )$* ;fnkl5
yf]/} ?kdf eP klg tTsfnLg ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{n] eg]sf], p;n] u/]sf] sfdk|lt lrQ
a'em\b} cfPsf] lyof] . )%! ;fndf df]rf{n] rnfPsf] ;fs' cleofg
-zf/bf–s'dfv_ / zxLb u0f]z zdf{af6 emg\
a9L k|]/0ff ldn]sf] s]=;L= atfp“5g\ . pgnfO{ lemDk]sf] ;lrj x'“bf Pdfn]sf
g]tfx? k|sfz Hjfnf, xl/z/0f cfrfo{, pbo af]x/f nufotsfn] hgdf]rf{sf g]tf tyf
sfo{stf{x?nfO{ kS8]/ kf6L{nfO{ a'emfpg] h:tf] 3[l0ft sfd ;d]t nufP ..
Tolta]nfb]lv pgnfO{ Pdfn]b]lv ljt[i0ff hfUof] / kf6L{ 5f]8]/ Ol08of uPsf]
atfpg'x'G5 nf]skfn s]=;L= . …OR5f eP pkfoÚ hxf“ klg cfp“5 eg] h:t} s]=;L=
Ol08ofsf] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ lgs6 k|jf;L ;+u7gdf ;+ul7t x'g'eof] / b]zdf rln/x]sf]
hgo'4df ;xefuL x'g k|jf;b]lv cfkm\g} ufp“ kms{g'eof] .
k|d'v s]=;L=nfO{ ufp“ s;/L cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ eGg] /fd|f] 1fg 5,
;dfhnfO{ gof“ ult lbg lxhf]sf] k/Dk/f ;f]rnfO{ abNg} kg]{, ca gof“ ;QfnfO{ klg
gof“ 9¨af6} g} cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ ljrf/ s]=;L=;“u 5 . cGTodf s'/f]
6'ª\Uofp“b} k|d'v s]=;L=n] eGg'eof]– …hgtflagfsf] s'g} sfd klg ;kmn x'“b}g,
hgtfn] ;fy lbPs} e/df lemDk] nufot ;Nofgsf j:tLx? gof“ ;Qfsf] cEof;df cufl8
a9]sf 5g\ . ;+s6sfns} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] hgtfn] g} cfkm\gf ;Qf, cfkm\gf
g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x? arfpg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n] .Ú
zfxL ;]gfn] eTsfP, hg;]gfn]
agfP
;Nofg÷ …eg df:6/ t slxn]b]lv of] b'O{lt/ hflu/ vfg yfln;\Ú
xfdLnfO{ eg] Ps 7fp“df hflu/ vfg sqf] cfkt\, t“nfO{ eg] b'O{lt/ hfuL/ vfg o:tf]
;lhnf]Ú lzIfs /f]d' zfxLnfO{ zfxL ;]gfsf hjfgx?n] o;f] elg/x“bf pgL sflnsf
dfWolds ljBfno sf]6df}nf ;Nofgdf sIff ^ df k9fO/x]sf lyP . ?s'd vf/fdf
dfcf]jfbL ;]gf / zfxL ;]gfaLr ePsf] eLif0f le8Gtdf k/L 3fOt] ePsf
dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ vf]Hb} lx+8]sf zfxL ;]gfx?n] PSsf;L k9fO/x]sf lzIfsnfO{
lu/km\tf/ u/L bdfrf}/df /flvPsf 3fOt] hg;]gfx?nfO{ b]vfpg o;/L wDsL lbO/x]sf
lyP . pgLx?sf] cg'dfgdf lzIfs zfxL lzIfs dfq geP/ dfcf]jfbLsf] ;d]t sfd
ug]{ s'g} lhDd]jf/ g]tf jf sfo{stf{ lyP . o;}nfO{ pgLx?n] csf]{ hflu/
dfg]sf lyP . t/ pgL lzIfs dfq lyP .
Tolta]nf d'n'sdf ;+s6sfn lyof] . ;+s6sfnel/ zfxL ;]gfsf] Hofbltn] ufp“df al;g;Sg' lyof] . of] kL8fnfO{ sd ug]{ pkfo dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;f]lr/x]sf lyP / To; If]qsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;}lgs zlQm ?s'd vf/fdf lyof] / vf/faf6 zfxL ;]gfx?nfO{ wkfpg' g} dfcf]jfbLx?sf] kL8f sd ug]{ pkfo lyof] . To; If]qsf dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfx?n] hgfb]znfO{ o;/L cfkm\gf] s'/f atfP . To;}cg'?k ut jif{sf] h]7 !# ut] vf/f sfjf{xLsf] of]hgf aGof] / To;} cg';f/ sf/jfxL klg eof] t/ dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfx?sf] of]hgf cg';f/ vf/fdf c8\sn ul/P eGbf a9L zfxL ;]gf ePsf] sf/0f of]hgf ljkmn aGof] . /, Toxf“ dfcf]jfbLx? k5fl8 x6\g'kg]{ afWotf eof] . Toxf“sf] le8Gtdf y'k|} 3fOt] eP tL 3fOt] hg;]gfx? bdfrf}/df /flvPsf] lyof]– dfcf]jfbLx? atfp“5g\ .
vf/f 36gfsf] !^ lbgkl5 h]7 @( ut] PSsf;L *) hgf eGbf a9L zfxL
;]gfx?n] bdfrf}/sf] a'/f;] If]qnfO{ 3]/faGbL ug{ k'u] . pgLx?n] vf/f
36gfdf 3fOt] ePsf dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfx? Toxf“ /flvPsf] yfxf kfP/ 3]/f xfn]sf]
dfcf]jfbL g]tf em/gfsf] cg'dfg 5 .. o;/L ufp“nfO{ 3]/faGbL u/]kl5 3fOt]
hg;]gfsf] ;'/Iffy{ a;]sf] dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfsf] Pp6f sDkgL;“u a]n'sf & ah]b]lv
le8Gt ;'? eof] . em/gfsf cg';f/ Tof] le8Gt & ah]b]lv ! ah];Dd eof] /
of] aLrdf Ps 7fp“df /x]sf !) hgf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfx?nfO{ ad xfg]/ dfl/of] .
To;sf] abnfdf dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg zfxL ;]gf a;]sf] Pp6f 3/nfO{ dfOg lkm6 u/]/
Wj:t agfOlbP / Toxf“ bh{gf}+ zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To' ePsf] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] cg'dfg
5 .
Tof] /fte/ xfdL 3/ 5f]8]/ h¨n}h¨n lx+8\of}+ Ps &) jif]{
a'9f ls;fgn] cf“z' aufp“b} b'Mv];f] kf]v]– d]/f] 3/ ;d]t ;]gfx?n] cfuf]
nufOlbP/ v/fgL agfOof] . Tof] /fte/ a'/f;] If]qsf !( j6f 3/ cfuf] nfP/
Wj:t agfOof] . ufp“sf ;a} v;L, afv|f, cGg, £o", bxL, ef“8f, nQfsk8f
;a} ;]gfx?n] cfuf] nufP/ Wj:t agfOlbP– csf{ dfcf]jfbL Pnefgn] cufl8 atfP .
/ftdf le8Gt eP/ laxfg x'“bf;Dd bdfrf}/sf afl;Gbfx? ;a} efu]/ h¨n k;]sf
lyP .
ptf rs–8:6/ ;lxt lu/km\tf/Ldf k/]sf lzIfs /f]d' zfxL eg]
/fte/ zfxL ;]gf / hg;]gfaLr le8Gt x'g] qmddf ;]gfsf] sAhfaf6 km'lTs;s]sf
lyP . pgn] cfkm"nfO{ zfxL ;]gfn] lbPsf] j0f{g ug}{ g;Sg] oftgfsf]
ljj/0f atfp“b} eg]– …dnfO{ xft–v'§f af“w]/ a]xf]; x'g] u/L lk6\b} *) s]=hL=sf]
ef/L af]sfP/ ;a}eGbf cufl8 lx+8fP . o;/L lx+8\g] qmdd} PSsf;L le8Gt ;'?
eof] / pgLx? ljleGg 3/sf] cf8 ln+b} n8] . d;“u /x]sf tLg hgf ;]gfx? klg
n8\g] qmddf dfl/P / d ToxL a]nfdf km'lTsP“ .
lzIfs /f]d' zfxLn] cfkm"nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]/ n}hf“bf
af6f]df zfxL ;]gfx?aLr cf–cfkm"d} emu8f eP/ !% ldg]6 eGbf a9L t uf]nL
xfgfxfg ;d]t ePsf] / @ hgf uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf / pgLx?nfO{ ef]lnkN6 x]lnsK6/n]
pkrf/ ug{ nu]sf] ;d]t atfP t/ s] s'/fdf dtleGgtf eP/ pgLx? cf–cfkm} n8fO“
u/] . zfxLn] eg] yfxf kfPgg\ .
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL xL/f a:g]tsf cg';f/ clxn]
bdfrf}/df zfxL ;]gfx?n] cfuf] nufP/ Wj:t agfPsf] !( j6f 3/dWo] % j6f 3/ hg;]gf
/ kf6L{n] lgdf{0f ul/;s]sf] atfpg'x'G5 .
To; 36gfaf6 kLl8t ePsfx?nfO{ vfg]–a:g] aGbf]a:t ;d]t kf6L{n]
u/]sf] ;Nofg lhNnf ;]qm]6/L k|sf08n] atfpg'eof] . k|sf08sf cg';f/ kf6L{n]
;a} kl/jf/nfO{ !% xhf/sf b/n] vr{ ;d]t lbPsf] atfOG5 .. To; If]qdf
o'4lj/fd eO;s]kl5 tLg rf]l6;Dd zfxL ;]gfx? u:tLdf uPsf], Jofks vfgtnf;L ;d]t
u/]sf] ;Nofgjf;L atfp“5g\ .
lzIff /fHosf] bfloTj x'g'kg]{
sf7df8f}+÷
ca aGg] gof“ ;+ljwfgdf lzIff, :jf:Yo h:tf cfwf/e"t clwsf/ /fHosf] bfloTj
x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf ljleGg jQmfx?n] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_
/ g]kfn /fli6«o cleefjs ;+3åf/f ut zlgaf/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf cfof]lht …;/sf/L / lghL
If]qaf6 3f]lift z}lIfs ;'wf/ sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjog / ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngÚ ljifos
cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf jQmfx?n] lzIffdf cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostfdf hf]8
lbPsf x'g\ .
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v jQmf dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nL k|jQmf s[i0faxfb'/
dx/fn] b]zdf ljBdfg cGt/lj/f]wx? xnug{ ;Sg] r]tgzLn gful/s pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg]
lzIff x'g'kg]{ atfp“b} ca aGg] gof“ ;+ljwfgdf lzIff, :jf:Yo h:tf g};lu{s clwsf/
/fHosf] bfloTj x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . ;a} ;d:ofsf] s]Gb|ljGb' /fHo;Qf v/fa
x'g'df /x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ pxf“n] /fhg}lts ;d:of xn gu/];Dd c? ;d:of xn gx'g]
atfpg'eof] . k|fWofks /fddfg >]i7n] gof“ ;+ljwfgdf lzIff g};lu{s clwsf/
egL pNn]v x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . Pg–KofJ;gsf dxf;lrj ch'{g clwsf/Ln]
/fHon] lghL :s"nx?nfO{ sDkgL P]gcg';f/ btf{ ug'{kg]{ gLltsf] lj/f]w
ug'{eof] .
sfo{qmddf dGtJo /fVb} cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sf cWoIf
b]j]Gb| k/fh'nLn] /0fg}lts ?kdf lzIff /fHosf] st{Joleq x'g'kg]{ dfudf cl8u
ePsf] t/ clxn] ;:tf] x'g'k5{ elg/x]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf clvn
-PsLs[t_sf cWoIf s[i0f clwsf/L, g]=lj=;+3sf cWoIf u'?/fh l3ld/], lghL :s"n
;~rfns uLtf /f0ff, nId0f /fhj+zL, lzIff dGqfnosf k|jQmf njk|;fb lqkf7L, g]kfn
/fli6«o lzIfs ;+u7gsf pkfWoIf dfwj d/x¶f / cleefjs ;+3sf pkfWoIf jL/]Gb|
emfkfnL nufotn] cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;+3sf cWoIf
jfª\5] z]kf{sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
hg;]gfsf]
l/ª cleofg ;'?
rf}tf/f÷o'4lj/fdsf]
cjlwdf hgtfsf] 3/b}nf];Dd k'Ug / ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'gsf lgldQ
dfcf]jfbLsf] ljz]if sdf08cGtu{tsf] hg;]gfsf sDkgLx? l/ª cleofgdf h'6]sf
5g\ . o;} l;nl;nfdf @ g+= sDkgLn] cfkm\gf] cleofg ut a}zfv !* ut]
l;Gw'kfNrf]saf6 ;'? u/]sf] 5 .
pQm
sDkgLsf sdf08/ czf]sn] o'4lj/fdsf] cj:yfdf 3/b}nf], e]63f6, zxLb kl/jf/, e]63f6
/ clegGbg Pjd\ ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL x'gsf lglDt o:tf] lsl;dsf] cleofg ;~rfng
x'g nfu]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ pQm cleofg 8]9 dlxgfsf] cjlw;Dd
rNg]5 .. sfo{qmd pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf pQm sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly
If]qLoAo"/f] O~rfh{ ;f]gfdn] hgtfsf] ;]jf ug{, hgtfsf] /Iff ug{ / hgtfnfO{
dfof ug{sf lgldQ hg;]gfx? OdfGbf/Lk"j{s nfUg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxf“n]
zfxL ;]gfn] xltof/ a'emfpg'kg]{ egfOk|lt nlIft ub}{ Pp6f uf]nL / Ps lrD6L
jf?b;d]t ga'emfpg] hgfp“b} cfkm\gf] kf6L{ ;+ljwfg ;efeGbf Ps O~r tn gemg]{
atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmdnfO{
dfcf]jfbL :s'ln¨ ljefu ;b:o lj/xLn] ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ hgtfnfO{ j}rfl/s
?kdf ;z:q agfpg kf6L{n] :s"ln¨ ljefudfkm{t\ sfo{qmd NofPsf]
atfpg'eof] . csf{ cltly If]qLoAo'/f] ;b:o aGw'n] cleofg jftf{nfO{ tfls{s
lgisif{df k'¥ofpg ;xof]uL x'g] ljZjf; ln+b} cleofg ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf
lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmdsf]
;efkltTj sDkgL sld;f/ k|xf/n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng pk–sld;f/
;'af]wn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf >[ª\vnf ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n]
cfkm\gf] cfsif{s sfo{qmd k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
cGt/;Djfb
sfo{qmd ;DkGg
rf}tf/f÷g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3, l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] cfof]hgfdf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd rf}tf/f ahf/df
cfof]lht cGt/;Djfb sfo{qmd g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ nufot ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?sf]
;xeflutfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
sfo{qmdnfO{
dfcf]jfbL k|ltlglw Pjd\ lhNnf hg;/sf/ pk–k|d'v g]qk|;fb b+ufbn] ;Daf]wg ub}{
cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] cufl8 ;f/]sf tLg k|d'v sfo{gLlts Ph]08f g} jt{dfg ;d:ofsf]
/fhg}lts lgsf; ePsf] atfpg'eof] . ljleGg k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ lb+b} dfcf]jfbL
k|ltlglwx?n] jftf{k|lt cfkm"x? OdfGbf/ eP/ cfPsf] t/ olb afWo kfl/Pdf
To;af6 pTkGg x'g] kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/ k'/fgf] ;Qf x'g] atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf k|ltlglw 6+s 9'¨]nn] ;+ljwfg ;ef g} ;d:of ;dfwfgsf]
ljsNk ePsf] atfpg'eof] .
Pdfn]
k|ltlglw ;'jf; sdf{rfo{ tyf sf+u|];sf k|ltlglw cd/ lu/Ln] cfkm\gf] kf6L{n]
;~rfng u/]sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt ;dy{g hgfpg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff ub}{
clwjQmf /f]lx0fL/fh hf]zLn] dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf dfu :ki6 ub}{ cfPsf] a? cfGbf]ng
ug]{ eg]sf kf6L{x?k|lt ;z+lst x'g'kg]{ cj:yf ePsf] atfpg'eof] .
ljleGg
df]rf{x?sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ngx?
rf}tf/f÷
l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf lqmofzLn ljleGg hgjuL{o ;+u7gx? clxn] lhNnf ;Dd]ngdf
h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . oxL a}zfv !$ / !% ut] a8f/] uf=lj=;=df clvn g]kfn ls;fg
;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] bf];|f] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . To:t} lhNnfsf]
ofª\nfsf]6 uf=lj=;=df a}zfv @) / @! ut] tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] k|yd
lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ n] oxL a}zfv
@$ / @% ut] la~h]n uf=lj=;=df cfkm\gf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ub}{5 .
To;}u/L blnt d'lQm df]rf{n] ;d]t cfkm\gf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ng a}zfv @@ / @$ ut]
cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 .
ptf clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] afx«f}+ lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;b/d'sfd
rf}tf/fdf oxL a}zfv @& / @* ut] ug]{ ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg
ug{sf nflu ;a} df]rf{x? Jofks kf]:6l/ª, jfn–k]lG6ª / k|rf/–k|;f/df lqmofzLn
ePsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L
l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf jftf{sf] cjlwdf jftf{–k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh agfpgsf lgldQ
cfof]hgf ug]{ sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;xh agfpg lhNnf hg;/sf/ pkk|d'v g]qk|;fb b+ufnsf]
;+of]hsTjdf Ps hgkl/rfng ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
;ldltn]
ljleGg If]qsf JolQmx?;lxtsf a}7sx?, uf]i7L Pjd\ cGtlqm{of sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{
/ ;xof]u ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf cGo ;b:ox?df czf]s, cflzif, sNkgf
Gof}kfg], an/fd lj=s=, clvn g]kfn / e"kfnl;+x tfdfª x'g'x'G5 .
zxLb
rf}tf/f] pb\3f6g
df]/ª÷
ut c;f/ !% ut] zxLb x'g'ePsf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ df]/¨–;'g;/L lhNnf ;b:o tyf
Knf6'g sdf08/ s= k|]daxfb'/ du/ -ju{_ sf] :d[ltdf df]/¨sf] x;Gbx ahf/df
rf}tf/fsf] xfn} pb\3f6g ul/of] .
ldgf
;'Aafsf] ;efkltTj / eujtf bfxfnsf] ;~rfngdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf uf]kfn b+ufnn]
:jfut dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g sdnf bfxfnn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . kf6L{ k|ltlglw nufot ljleGg h=j=;=sf k|ltlglwx?n]
zxLbsf] ;kgf k"/f ug]{ k|lta4tfsf ;fy cfkm\gf wf/0ffx? /fVg'ePsf]
lyof] . zxLb s= k|]daxfb'/ du/sL >LdtL xL/f du/n] klg >Ldfg nufot
;Dk"0f{ zxLbx?n] b]vfPsf] af6f]df lg/Gt/ cl3 al9/xg] / cfjZostf k/]sf]
v08df kf6L{ / qmflGtsf ;fy} b]z / hgtfsf nflu cfkm\gf] hLjg alnbfg lbg klg kl5
gkg]{ c7f]6 JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf k"j{lIflth
hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?n] uLt tyf g[Tox? k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ @ g+= lbj; Pl/ofcGtu{t ! g+= ;j–Pl/of e]nf oxL a}zfv !
ut] ;xGbx uf=lj=;=df ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . dgs'df/L lu/Lsf] ;efkltTj /
ljgLtf l3ld/]sf] ;~rfngdf ePsf] pQm e]nfdf xf]df rf}xfgn] :jfut dGtJo JoQm
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;f]
e]nfsf] pb\3f6g k|d'v cltly c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ df]/ª lhNnf ;b:o uLtf
ltlD;gfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;b:ox? dLgf ;'Aaf,
eujtf bfxfn / kf6L{sf tkm{af6 s= 6Lsfn] e]nf ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbg'ePsf]
lyof] . k|d'v cltly uLtf ltlD;gfn] dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;sf] af/]df
atfp“b} c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{ aLrsf] ;DaGw,
klZrdf k'“hLjfbL 5f8f ;“:s[lt nufotsf ljleGg ljifox?df k|:6 kfb}{ ;Dk"0f{
dlxnfx?n] cfkm\gf] r]tgf:t/nfO{ psf;]/ cfkm\gf] clwsf/ klg lng tof/ x'g'kg]{
s'/f hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .. ;f] e]nfn] dgs'df/L lu/L cWoIf / ozf]bf
vltj8f ;lrj /xg] u/L ;a–Pl/of ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L @
g+= lbj; Pl/of cGtu{t g} c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ @ g+= ;a–Pl/of e]nf klg oxL
a}zfv # ut] OGb|k'/ uf=lj=;=df d'gf uf}tdsf] ;~rfng / xf]df rf}xfgsf]
;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . d~h' e08f/Ln] :jfut dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] ;f]
e]nfsf] pb\3f6g k|d'v cltly c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;b:o dLgf ;'Aafn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 s= ljj]sn] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o
kl/l:yltsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fp“b} jftf{sf] af/]df klg k|:6 kfg'{ePsf]
lyof] . ;f] e]nfn] xf]df rf}xfgsf] cWoIftfdf @# ;b:oLo ;a–Pl/of ;ldltsf]
rog u/]sf] 5 .
lhNnf
;Dd]ng ;DkGg
;f]n'af6
k|eft rnfpg]
;fdGtjfbL
lg/+s'ztfjfbL zfxL k|ltudgsf lj?4 h'emf? ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng, ;+u7g lgdf{0f,
;'b[9Ls/0f / lj:tf/sf lglDt bf];|f] lhNnf ;Dd]ng eGg] d"n gf/f;lxt clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_ sf] ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnf ;Dd]ng eJo ?kdf ;DkGg eof] .
clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kf;fª z]kf{n] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] ;Dd]ng d'SnLsf]
jL/]Gb|f]bo dfWolds ljBfnodf oxL a}zfv !^ / !& ut] ;DkGg ePsf]
lyof] .. pkfWoIf 6]saxfb'/ a:g]tsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ;f] ;Dd]ngdf ljlzi6
cltly ljz]if If]qLo Ao"/f] ;b:o Pjd\ ;f]n'–cf]vn9'¨f lhNnf O~rfh{ s=
s'df/n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnf kf6L{ ;]qm]6/L
s= k|eft, a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf ;+of]hs uf]kfn lu/L, lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v ofbj /fO{,
cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o clgtf l3ld/], Knf6'g sld;f/ s= d's]z,
ljBfyL{ lhNnf pkfWoIf u+ufk|;fb vltj8fn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng lhNnf ;ldlt ;lrj hutaxfb'/ a:g]tn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngn]
aGb;qaf6 !& ;b:oLo gof“ lhNnf sld6Lsf] rog u/]sf] 5 . h;df cWoIf
nf]sGb| /fO{, pkfWoIf cldtf /fO{, ;lrj u+uf vltj8f, ;x–;lrj eQmaxfb'/ /fjt,
sf]iffWoIf e'k]Gb| sfsL{, ;b:ox? /d]z /fO{, /d]z tfdfª, anl;+x /fO{, snf a:g]t,
sdf{nd' z]kf{, b'uf{ jg, /d]z y'n'ª, zfªu] z]kf{, uf}/j /fO{, hfªd' z]kf{,
dl0f/fd /fO{ nufot x'g'x'G5 .
To;}u/L
;f]xL ljBfnodf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnf ;ldltåf/f lzIfs tyf af}l4s
;d'bfosf aLrdf Ps cGtlqm{of sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;f] cGtlqm{of
sfo{qmddf af]Nb} ;f]n'–cf]vn9'¨f lhNnf O~rfh{ s= s'df/n] :yfgLo :t/df o:tf
cGtlqm{of, 5nkmn, ax;x? rnfpg'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] atfp“b} jftf{–k|lqmofdf oL
sfo{qmdn] 7"nf] dxŒj /fVg] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ljleGg
hfnem]n, if8\oGqx? u/]/ jftf{nfO{ e¨ ug]{ k|oTg u/]sf] atfp“b} tL ;Dk"0f{
if8\oGqx?nfO{ lrb}{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ clwsf/;DkGg agfpg jftf{sf] df]rf{df nl8/xg]
atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf lhNnf kf6L{ ;]qm]6/L s= k|eftn] g]kfndf jf:tljs
k|hftGqnfO{ k"0f{tf lbgsf] lglDt kf6L{n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfu cufl8 p7fPsf]
atfp“b} o;n] ;Dk"0f{ zlQmx? ;d]6\g] ldngljGb' / hgtfnfO{ jf:tljs ?kdf
;fj{ef}d agfpg] / hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm} ug{ lbg] atfpg'
eof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg af}l4s ;d'bfo Pjd\ lzIfsx?n] k|Zgx? p7fpg'ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{qmddf s= s'df/n] /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;'v]{t÷
;'v]{t ljhok'/df ;DkGg hg;efdf xfn} klZrd Onfsf hg;/sf/sf] P]ltxfl;s 3f]if0ff
;ef ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
e]/L–s0ff{nL
If]qLoAo"/f] ;b:o s= hLjgsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ;efsf] ;efkltTj s= jf;'
zdf{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . s= clj/nsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 ;'? ePsf] ;efsf]
;~rfng s= /dfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;f] ;efn]
!& ;b:oLo klZrd Onfsf hg;/sf/ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . ;f] hg;/sf/df
eLdaxfb'/ dNn k|d'v, s= anaxfb'/ v8\sf pk–k|d'v /xg'ePsf] 5 eg] cGo ;b:ox?df
gjLg jn, ljBfyL{, e"ld;/f lj=s= -dlxnf k|ltlglw_, g/]Gb| e08f/L /
xs{axfb'/ zfxL -ls;fg_, u+ufaxfb'/ lj=s= -blnt_, jL/axfb'/ g]kfnL, nfnaxfb'/
nfld5fg] -lzIfs_, u0f]zaxfb'/ zfxL, k"0ff{ ;fksf]6f, k|]daxfb'/ dxt/f,
O{Zj/ d:t lj=s=, 8Da/axfb'/ ;f?, gjnl;+x lji6, ejfgLk|;fb ;fksf]6f / lgdaxfb'/
/fhL /xg'ePsf] 5 .
sflnsf]6df
k|zf;lgs Hofblt sfod}
sflnsf]6÷
;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr cfrf/;+lxtf lgdf{0f u/L zflGtjftf{sf] ;d]t ;'?jft
eO;Sbf klg cfrf/;+lxtfsf] s'g} jf:tf gu/L Psflwsf/ ?kdf ;/sf/L kIfn] b]zJofkL
pNnª\3g ul//x]sf ;dfrf/x? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ .
o;} qmddf
ljs6 lhNnf sflnsf]6n] clxn] klg k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] r/d Hofbltsf] ;fdgf
ul//xg'k/]sf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ clxn] zfxL ;]gfsf
sflnsf]6df sfo{/t d]h/ lji0f'k|;fb rfkfufO{+ / l8=P;=kL= hutdfg >]i7n]
lhNnfdf cgfjZos vfgtnf;L ug]{, s'6lk6 ug]{ ;fy} lgbf]{if dflg;x?;“u k};f
s'DNofpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .
ut r}q @$
ut] hgcfGbf]ng lbj; dgfpg lhNnfsf] vf“8frqmdf e]nf ePsf hg;d'bfonfO{ cft+lst
kfg'{sf ;fy} c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]=;= dg'ifLnfO{;d]t s'6lk6 u/L 3fOt]
t'NofPsf 5g\ . pQm 36gfdf d]h/ / 8L=P;=kL= cfkm} ;+nUg ePsf lyP ..
;f]xL lbg cGo /fhg}lts kf6L{x?nfO{ klg hgcfGbf]ng lbj; dgfpg lgif]w ul/Psf]
lyof] .
clxn]
l8=P;=kL= / d]h/ Aofkf/Lx?nfO{ ;dftL k};f c;'Ng] wGbfdf nfu]sf] / rf/ xhf/b]lv
b'O{ xhf/;Dd k};f pgLx?nfO{ a'emfO/x]sf] Ps kLl8tn] atfPsf 5g\ .
To:t} ;'/Iffsf
gfddf hgtfnfO{ ;tfpg /flvPsf hf“r rf}sLsf] 3/ ef8f;d]t clxn];Dd gkfPsf] / dfu
ubf{ pN6f] dfg]{;Ddsf] wDsL lbg] u/]sf] Ps kLl8tn] gfd pNn]v gug]{ zt{df
hgfb]znfO{ atfPsf 5g\ .
o;}aLr
sflnsf]6jf;Lx?n] pQm hglj/f]wL sfo{ tTsfn /f]sL e|i6 d]h/ / l8=P;=kL=nfO{
sfjf{xL gu/] cfkm"x?n] g} sfjf{xL cufl8 a9fpg] r]tfjgL ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{
lbPsf 5g\ .
e|i6frf/
u/]/ Pdfn]sf g]tfx?n] ufp“ 5f]8]
;'v]{t÷;/sf/–dfcf]jfbLaLr
o'4lj/fdkZrft\ hgtfn] :yfoL zflGtsf] sfdgf ul//x]s} a]nf ;'v]{tsf] k"jL{
cjnlr¨df Pdfn] g]tf ufp“df km]l/ xflnd'xfnL ug{ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . Pdfn]sf
lhNnf ;b:o xs{axfb'/ /fgf / t'nl;+x /fgf ljutdf uf=lj=;=dfkm{t\ cfpg] ah]6
ljsf; ug]{ gfddf e|i6frf/ u/L To;sf] lx;fa a'emfpg g;Sbf / dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xsf]
rsf]{ k|efjsf] sf/0fn] cft+lst eO{ ufp“ 5f]8]sf 5g\ .
hgjfbL
k|fylds kf6L{ :s"n :yfoL ?kdf ;~rfng
;'v]{t÷
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;'v]{tn] kf6L{df etL{ ePsf gof“ sfo{stf{sf] nflu Ps :yfoL
k|fylds kf6L{ :s"n ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . ;f] kf6L{ k|fylds :s"ndf
t];|f] Aofhsf] k9fO{ ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 .. lrqe"ld -zxLb lrq jnL /
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