dfcf]jfbLåf/f r}q @$
sf] b]zJofkL :d/0f
kf“r k|d'v zx/x?df ljzfn ;ef ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf Aofks hg;dy{g
sf7df8f}+÷ hgcfGbf]ng )$^ sf] pTsif{sf] lbg r}q @$ ut]nfO{ g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_n] of] jif{ d'n'se/sf nfvf}+ u|fdL0f / zxl/of hgtfsf aLr v'nf ?kdf
:d/0f u/]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qf;“u jftf{ ug{ ;fj{hlgs ePsf dfcf]jfbL
jftf{6f]nLsf kf“r}hgf ;b:ox? lxhf] r}q @$ ut] g]kfnu~h, gf/fo0fu9, a'6jn,
kf]v/f / /f}tx6df cfof]lht ljzfn hg;efx?df pkl:yt x'g'eof] / nfvf}+ hgtfnfO{
jt{dfg jftf{–k|;ª\u / /fhgLlts ;ª\s6sf] lgsf;sf ?kdf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d
;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cf}lrToaf/] k|:6 kfg'{eof] .
dWoklZrdsf] g]kfnu~hdf dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLsf ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd
e§/fO{, dWodf~rnsf] gf/fo0fu9df jftf{6f]nL ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -afbn_,a'6jndf
jftf{6f]nL ;b:o s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f,
klZrdf~rnsf] kf]v/fdf jftf{6f]nL ;b:o b]j u'?ª / /f}tx6df jftf{6f]nLsf
;b:o dft[sf ofbjn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLsf ;b:ox?n] ;Daf]wg ug]{ ;"rgf kfP/
;ef:yndf 6f9f6f9faf6 cfpg rfxg] hgtfnfO{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{x?n] ljleGg
:yfgdf ca/f]w k'¥ofPsf lyP . alb{of / ;'v]{taf6 sfo{qmd:yn g]kfnu~hdf cfpg
rfx]sf xhf/f}+ hgtfnfO{ af6f]df ca/f]w k'¥ofOof] / sfo{qmd:yndf hfg
lbOPg . o;}u/L lxhf] ;f]daf/ g} b}n]vaf6 g]kfnu~h cfpg'ePsf
g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ b}n]v lhNnf O~rfh{ s= ;~hLj yfkf -;Tok|sfz zdf{_ sf] g]kfnu~h
a;kfs{df z+sf:kb l:yltdf d[To' ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo ko{j]Ifsx?sf cg';f/ k|fs[lts
d[To'h:tf] gb]lvg] pxf“sf] zasf] kf]i6df6{d lxhf] :yfgLo e]/L c~rn c:ktfndfn]
gu/]sfn] cem} pQm 36gf z+sf:kb dflgPsf] 5 . o'4lj/fd cfrf/;+lxtf nfu"
eO;Sbf klg k'/fgf] ;Qfn] d'n'se/ hglj/f]wL ultljlw hf/L ul//x]sfn] dfcf]jfbL
g]tf ;~hLj yfkfsf] d[To' ;/sf/L if8oGqaf6 ePsf] x'g ;Sg] cfz+sf g]kfnu~hsf
:yfgLo a'l4hLjL / kqsf/x?sf] 5 . t/ of] /x:odo b'3{6gfaf/] of] ;dfrf/ tof/
kfbf{;Dd g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf] s'g} klg cflwsfl/s egfO ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5}g .
…d cfhsf] sfo{qmddf b}n]vaf6 cfPsf] dfcf]jfbL g]tf x'“, d]/f]af/]
d~rdf s'/f k'¥ofOlbg' xf]nfÚ dfcf]jfbL g]tf ;~hLj yfkfn] d[To' x'g'cufl8
a;kfs{df eg]sf / kl5 Pp6f a;n] za af]s]/ e]/L c~rn c:ktfn k'¥ofPsf] :yfgLo
k|ToIfbzL{x?n] atfP . t/ za c:ktfndf k'¥ofpg] JolQm klg km/f/ /x]sfn]
36gfaf/] lj:t[t hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g ;s]g .
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{sf :yfoL ;ldltsf ;b:o Pjd\ ;+o'Qm
qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifbsf ;+of]hs tyf jftf{6f]nLsf ;+of]hs 8f= e§/fO{n]
cfkm"x? cToGt} lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy jftf{df cfPsf] / o'4lj/fdkl5 /fhg}lts
dfxf}n cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] kIfdf /x]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
8f= e§/fO{n] cfkm\gf] kf6L{nfO{ xfjfdf p8]sf / hgfwf/ gePsfx?n]
…;]km Nof08Ú sf] cf/f]k nufpg gldNg] ts{ /fVb} eGg'eof]– …/fhfnfO{ cfjZos Tofu
ug{ df}sf lbPsf 5f}+ . ;+;bLo kf6L{x? 6'x'/f ePsf 5g\, To;}n] ltgLx?nfO{
ldq eg]sf xf}+ . olta]nf xfdLx?nfO{ …;]km Nof08Ú xf]Og, hgfwf/ gePsf /fhf
/ ;+;bLo bnx?nfO{ lbg' k/]sf] 5 . To;}n] 5ftL vf]n]/ jftf{df cfpg' eg]sf]
pgLx?nfO{ …;]km Nof08Ú lbg' xf] .Ú pxf“sf] yk syg lyof] .
8f= e§/fO{n] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;ef sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf] gf/f gePsf] atfp“b} cfkm\gf] kf6L{ g]kfnL hgtfsf x/]s ;d:ofx?df
;+j]bgzLn ePsf sf/0f gof“ hgjfbL qmflGt ug]{ nIo lnPsf] kf6L{n] a'h'{jf
k|0ffnL;d]tsf] g]t[Tj ug'{ kl//x]sf] v'n:t kfg'{eof] .
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] a'l4df s]xL ;'wf/ cfPsfn] jftf{sf] 6]a'ndf
cfkm"x? cfPsf] s'/f hg;d'bfonfO{ hfgsf/L lb+b} …ca jftf{ slxn] x'G5 <Ú
eGg] hjfkm ;QfkIfn] cfrf/;+lxtfdf pNn]lvt a'“bfsf] sfof{Gjog u/L slxn] jftf{sf]
jftfj/0f tof/ x'G5, To;}a]nf x'g]5Ú 8f= e§/fO{n] :ki6 efiffdf eGg'eof] .
klZrd g]kfnsf hgtf;“u efif0fsf] ;'?df cfkm\gf] & jif{cl3sf]
cg'ej /fVb} pxf“n] cufl8 eGg'eof]– …/fli6«otf, hghLjLsf / xslxtsf ;jfn p7fP/ $)
;"qLo dfu /fVbf oxf“sf zf;sx?n] x]k]sf lyP To;}n] xltof/ af]Sg afWo eP/
e"ldut hLjg latfof}+ .Ú
pxf“n] jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 tTsfnLg /fhg}lts lgsf;sf nflu ;fj{hlgs
ePkl5 ;dfhsf ;a} tx / tKsf;“u cfkm"x?n] e]63f6 rnfPsf] atfpg'eof] .
;a}lt/af6 cfkm"x?nfO{ ;r]t / ;hu /xg cg'/f]w ePsf] atfp“b} pxf“n]
eGg'eof]– …xfdL cfd hgtf, gful/s ;dfh, dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?, a'l4hLjL, /fhg}lts bn
;a}sf] cfu|x, ;'emfj, ;NnfxnfO{ d"t{ ?k lb+b} lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy jftf{df a:g
hf]lvd p7fp“b} jftf{sf] P;N6 u|'kdf cfPsf 5f}+ . oxf“ xfdLn] JolQmut
;'/Iff / lrGtf lng ldNb}g lsgls xfdL ;j{xf/fju{sf g]tfn] alnbfgL lbg'k/]5 eg]
xfd|f] /QmaLhn] gof“ g]kfn l56f] lgdf{0f x'g]5 .Ú
…casf] jftf{df k'/fgf] ;Qf olb uDeL/ ePg / if8\oGqsf] tfgfjfgf
a'lgof] eg] qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] w}o{tf 6'6\g]5 / aGb ePsf] aGb'ssf] l6«u/ rnfpg'
kg]{5 . To;a]nf xfdL PSn} n8\g] 5}gf}+ Ú, ;+of]hs 8f= e§/fO{n] eGg'eof]–
To;a]nf xfdL ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g]jfnf 5f}+ / Tof] eLif0f / clGtd o'4 x'g]5 .Ú
;f]xL ;efnfO{ e]/L–s0ff{nL d'lQmdf]rf{sf ;+of]hs v8\saxfb'/
lj=s=n] ;Daf]wg ub}{ eGg'eof]– …/f]u, ef]s, /fHocft+ssf] ck/]zgn] cfqmfGt
e]/L–s0ff{nL cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] kIfdf x'g] h:tf];'s} n8fO“nfO{ klg xfd|f] ;dy{g
/xg]5 .Ú
pQm cfd;efdf blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf ltns kl/of/n]
jt{dfgdf ;a}n] cf–cfkm\gf] If]qaf6 Tofu ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
o;}u/L clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
k"0ff{ ;'j]bLn] k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;/sf/n] uf]?nfO{ gf/] em}+ gf/L pTkL8g
rnfpg] sfd ul//x]sfn] o; a]nf dfcf]jfbLn] /fv]sf] Go"gtd\ cu|ufdL lgsf;af6
;d:of xn ub}{ hfg ;Dej x'g] atfpg'eof] .
;+of]hs cf/=;L= rf}w/Lsf] ;efkltTj, /fdåLk cfrfo{sf] ;~rfng /
dw];L d'lQm df]rf{ af“s]–alb{ofsf ;+of]hs k/dfgGb adf{sf] :jfutdf sfo{qmd ;DkGg
ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qLo:t/sf] :=ud hg;f“:s[lts
kl/jf/åf/f :jfut uLt, laxfgL ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ af“s]åf/f :yfgLo yf? uLt, g[To
k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
jftf{6f]nLsf ;+of]hs 8f= e§/fO{n] cfh} g]kfnu~hdf gful/s ;dfhsf
k|ltlglw tyf kqsf/x?;“u e]63f6 ug'{x'g] ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L hgcfGbf]ng lbj;s} ;Gbe{df
lrtjgdf cfof]lht ljzfn hg;efdf pkl:yt xhf/f}+ hgtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf
:yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o Pjd\ dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLsf ;b:o s= /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -afbn_n]
hgtfnfO{ jf:tljs cy{df ;fj{ef}d ;Qf ;DkGg agfpg] dxfg\ p2]Zosf ;fy cufl8 a9]sf]
hgo'4n] Pskl5 csf]{ pknlAwx? xfl;n ub}{ hg;Qfsf] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
;f] qmddf pxf“n] dxfg\ zxLbx?sf] /utn] gof“
g]kfnsf] gS;f sf]g{df dxTjk"0f{ pmhf{ k|bfg u/]sf] wf/0ff JoQm ub}{ jftf{sf]
df]rf{df cfkm"x? ;Demf}tf geO{ ;+3if{ ug{ cfPsf]df hf]8 lbg'eof] .
;jfn t ;d'Ggt g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] xf], To;sf nflu
sf]xL 8/fpg' / cflQg' kb}{g . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;+;b k':yf{kgf / Pdfn]sf] ;j{bnLo
;/sf/sf] dfu ;do;fk]If g/x]sf] / To;n] jf:tljs cy{df g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d
clwsf/ ;DkGg u/fpg] / Tof] b'a} clwsf/ /fhfn] lbg] / /fhfn] g} lng ;Sg] ePsfn]
To;sf] s'g} cy{ /x“b}g . g]kfnL hgtfn] g} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ .
To;sf] Psdfq j}1flgs ljlw uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg
xf] g]tf afbnn] eGg'eof] .
b08kfl0f kf}8]nsf] ;efkltTjdf gf/fo0fu9sf] SofDkfrf}/df ;DkGg ;f]
;efdf ls;fg g]tf elQmk|;fb nfld5fg], dlxnf g]t[ ;'zLnf l;+v8f, ljBfyL{ g]tf
dx]Gb| >]i7nufotsf g]tfx?n] zflGtjftf{nfO{ ;kmn kfg'{kg]{df hf]8 lbg'ePsf]
lyof] . ;f] ;efdf snfsf/x?n] hf]lznf] g[To / uLtx? k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L hgcfGbf]ng lbj;sf] cj;/df d'n'ssf ljleGg :yfgdf eJo
hg;efx? ePsf 5g\ . k"jf{~rnsf emfkfsf] d]rL ax'd'vL SofDk;, df]/ªsf]
;'s'gf SofDk;, dxf]Q/L, l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] hnjL/], ;f]n'v'Da', l;Gw'nL, wflbª,
sfe|]sf] kgf}tLnufotsf 7fp“x?df klg ljzfn hg;efx? ePsf 5g\ .
sf7df8f}+÷ hgcfGbf]ng )$^ sf] pTsif{sf] lbg r}q @$ sf]
;Gbe{ kfb}{ g]jfMvnn] P]ltxfl;s gu/L kf6gdf lxhf] xfn} h]naf6 d'Qm ePsf cf:yfsf
aGbLx?sf] :jfut tyf clegGbg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . sf7df8f}+
pkTosfleqsf s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/, eb|aGbLu[x, dlxnf aGbLu[x, gVv' sf/fuf/ /
l8NnLahf/ sf/fuf/af6 ljleGg ldltdf l/xf ePsf sl/a b'O{;o cf:yfsf aGbLx?nfO{
:jfut tyf clegGbg ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L xfn} h]nd'Qm
dlxnf aGbLx? lyP .
g]jfMvnsf cWoIf
lbnLk dxh{g / jl/i7 jfdkGyL kqsf/ zlQm nD;fnn] d'Qm aGbLx?nfO{ km"ndfnf /
cjL/ nufP/ :jfut tyf clegGbg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm :jfut tyf clegGbg
sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj ug'{ePsf g]jfMvnsf cWoIf lbnLk dxh{gn] pQm sfo{qmddf
af]Nb}– ;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngdf
wf]sfk"0f{ ;Demf}tf u/]sfn] hgtfsf] d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf
cf3ft k'u]sf] atfpg'eof] . h'g;'s} hftsf eP klg dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf]
j}rfl/s xltof/n] n}; ePsf cf:yfsf aGbLx?nfO{ g]jfM vnn] :jfut ug]{ s'/f cWoIf
dxh{gn] atfpg'eof] .
jl/i7 kqsf/ zlQm
nD;fnn] cleglGbt aGbLx?sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ k~rfotL zf;gsf lj?4 )$^ ;fndf xhf/f}+
JolQmx? ;8sdf plqPsf / aGbL ePsf] :d/0f ug'{eof] . dGtJosf qmddf kqsf/
nD;fnn] )$^ ;fndf sf+u|]; / jfddf]rf{n] /fhf;“u 3'“8f 6]s]sfn] hgtfn]
k"0f{ k|hftGq k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] . ax'bn k'g:yf{kgfkZrft\
;Qfdf a;]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] hgtfnfO{ bdg u/]sf] / k|ltkIfdf a;]sf] Pdfn] klg
hgbdgdf lnKt /x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .
xfn} h]nd'Qm
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lzj 8f“uLn] clegGbg ug]{ g]jfM vnsf] ;/fxgf
ub}{ ;Qfsf] bofn] eGbf klg hgtfsf] n8fO“n] cfkm"x?sf] l/xfO ;Dej ePsf]
atfpg'eof] . ;}lgs tyf k|x/L lx/f;tdf cf:yfsf aGbLx?dfly lbOPsf] oftgfsf]
j0f{g ub}{ g]tf 8f“uLn] cem} klg w]/} JolQmx? aGbL /x]sf / a]kQf agfOPsf]
atfpg'eof] . ;f] clegGbg sfo{qmddf dlxnf g]t[ dg' x'dfufOI{+, kfj{tL yfkf,
>L/fd vfOh', s[i0feQm dxh{gnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . wgaxfb'/ dxh{gn]
:jfut dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ldng >]i7n] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] . d'Qm aGbLx?sf] :jfut tyf clegGbg sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] kf6g
b/af/ If]q ;f]daf/ em08f, Jofg/, kf]i6/ / ktfsfx?n] /¨Lr¨L agfOPsf]
lyof] .
sf7df8f}+÷g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ /
ljleGg jfd ;d"xaLr of] xKtf ePsf dxTjk"0f{ 5nkmnx?df cu|ufdL
/fhg}lts lgsf;sf] kIfdf ;xsfo{ ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] ;femf ;xdlt ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbL
/ Pstfs]Gb|–d;fnsf g]tfx?aLr ;DkGg jftf{kZrft\ hf/L ;+o'Qm k|]; jQmJodf elgPsf]
5– …xfdL b'O{ kf6L{x? tfTsflns /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] ;sf/fTds lgsf;sf lglDt
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ckl/xfo{ 5 eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg rfxG5f} .Ú To:t}
jQmJodf, …/fHo / dfcf]jfbLsf] aLrdf x'g] jftf{nfO{ ;f/tTjdf k|ltufdL / k|ltudg
lj/f]wL zlQmx?aLrsf] jf k|ltudg / cu|udgaLrsf] jftf{df ?kfGt/0f ug{ / jftf{nfO{
kl/0ffdd'vL Pjd\ ;kmn agfpg cf–cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ;sf/fTds e"ldsf v]Ngsf]
lglDt xfdL ;a} ;fdflhs–/fhgLlts zlQmx?;“u cfu|x ub{5f}+ . ;+;bleq / aflx/
/x]sf cGo /fhg}lts kf6L{x?sf] ;xeflutf / cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;df ;xdltlagf
jftf{ ;kmn x'g ;Sb}g .Ú ;+o'Qm jStJodf ;zQm hg;+3if{, hgbafa /
hgkl/rfnglagf k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t u/L cu|ufdL kl/jt{g ug]{ / jftf{nfO{ ;kmn agfO{
zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{ ;+ej x'g g;Sg] atfOPsf] 5 .
To:t} ut
z'qmaf/ dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nL / hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf k|ltlglwx?aLr cf}krfl/s jftf{
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] jftf{df cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf nflu ;xsfo{ ub}{ cl3 a9\g]
;xdlt ePsf] 5 . ut cfOtaf/ dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL / ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{aLr
jftf{ ePsf] 5 . ;f] jftf{df klg cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] lglDt ;xsfo{ ub}{ cl3
a9\g] ;xdlt ePsf] s'/f jftf{kZrft\ dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f /
jfddf]rf{sf ;+of]hs ;L=kL= d}gfnLåf/f hf/L k|]; lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
jftf{df dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 jftf{6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{, jftf{6f]nL
;b:o s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f / b]j u'?Ë tyf jfddf]rf{sf tkm{af6 ;L=kL= d}gfnL, Zofd
>]i7, k|e'gf/fo0f rf}w/L, hLtjL/ nfdf, 6+s /fO{, x]dGt lj=;L=, lji0f'axfb'/
dfgGw/, k|sfz clwsf/L, gGbs'df/ k|;fO{+ / nf]sgf/fo0f ;'j]bL pkl:yt
x'g'x'GYof] .
o; cl3 dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLn] sf+u|];, Pdfn],
/fk|kf, ;b\efjgf, g]dlskfnufotsf /fhg}lts kf6L{, a'l4hLjL, dfgjclwsf/jfbL
nufot;“u e]63f6 / 5nkmn ul/;s]sf] 5 .
sºo"{, a]kQf / lu/km\tf/L oyfjt
sf7df8f}+÷ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ /
k'/fgf] ;QfkIfaLr hf/L ePsf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] ;QfkIfn] b]zJofkL?kdf pn+3g u/]sf
k|df0fx? hgfb]znfO{ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . k'/fgf] ;Qfn] cfrf/;+lxtf ljk/Lt
dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLsf ;ef / ;Dd]ngsf ;dfrf/ cfkm\gf] ;~rf/ dfWoddf k"/}
;]G;/ u/]sf] 5 . v'Nnfd~rdf ePsf] @) ut]sf] ljzfn ;efsf] ;dfrf/nfO{
/]l8of], 6L=eL= / uf]/vfkqn] ANofscfp6 ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] of] sfo{nfO{ gful/s ;dfhn] ;d]t lj/f]w u/]sf] 5 . rGb ;/sf/sf
ehgd08nL dGqLx?n] eg]sf s'/f ;/sf/L ;~rf/dfWodn] k|d'v va/ agfpg] / dfcf]jfbL
ljb|f]xLsf va/ eg] glbg] sfo{ lbg'x'“h;f] eO/x]sf] 5 .
ljb|f]xLn] u/]sf /fhwfgLsf
ultljlwnfO{ ;d]t cfkm\gf ;+rf/ dfWoddf /f]s nufpg] ;/sf/n] b]zsf b"/b/fhdf
;/sf/L kIfn] u/]sf HofbtLnfO{ aflx/
Nofpg] s'/} ePg . k'/fgf] ;Qfn] zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ;~rfng ePsf ;efdfly
klg /f]s nufpg] sfo{ o;aLrdf emg\ a9fp“b} nu]sf] 5 . 8“8]nw'/f / sflnsf]6
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] ;b/d'sfddf e]nf x'g;d]t k|ltaGw nufP/ k'/fg} ;Qfn] ;d]t
x:tfIf/ u/]sf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] lvNnL p8fPsf] 5 . cfOtaf/ oL b'a} lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{non] of] lj1lKt hf/L u/]sf x'g\ . :d/0f /xf];\, ;]tL–dxfsfnL
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{n] lxhf] 8“8]nw'/fdf zflGtk"0f{ cfd;efsf] sfo{qmd
/fv]sf] lyof] .
otf s}nfnLaf6 k|fKt va/cg';f/
o; lhNnfsf] x;'lnofdf /x]sf] ;'/Iff kmf}hn] x;'lnof, kj{/f, /tgk'/, x;'/Lof,
kxndfgk'/, km"naf/L, a;f}nLnufotsf 7fp“df hgtfsf 3/ vfgtnf;L ug]{,
hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg]{ sfo{ tLa| kf/]sf] 5 . yf?jfg /fli6«o d'lQm
df]rf{sf] lhNnf ;ldlt s}nfnLsf sf]iffWoIf s]bf/gfy rf}w/L, ;b:o j;Gt rf}w/LnfO{
x;'lnofsf] gjnk'/ ufp“af6 r}q !) ut] lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx?;“u ePsf] !! xhf/ ?k}of“ ;]gf / k|x/Ln] n'6]sf
5g\ . /, rGbf p7fPsf] eg]/ anhkm\tL kmf]6f] lvrfPsf] 5 . o;}u/L r}q
@) ut] x;'lnofaf6 /fhg;lxt bh{gf}nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 . pkrf/df
lx+8]sfx?sf] ;fydf ePsf] !) xhf/ klg ;'/Iff kmf}hn] n'6]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L c5fdaf6 xfd|f
;Djfbbftfn] k7fPsf] va/cg';f/ o'4lj/fd ePkl5 klg oxf“ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] w/ks8 hf/L
/x]sf] 5 . k|fKt va/cg';f/ c5fds} d+un;]gdf ePsf] ljBfyL{ ;efdf kmfu'g @
ut] k|x/Ln] x:tIf]k u/L u]6 eTsfpg], ;f]kmf RofTg] / ljBfyL{nfO{ xftkft ug]{
sfd u/]sf] 5 .
ptf s}nfnLs} kxndfgk'/af6 hLjg
;'j]bL / ;h{g a'9fnfO{ df3 @! ut] lu/km\tf/ u/L h]n rnfg ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L kmfu'g @ ut] s}nfnLsf] x;'lnofdf /x]sf] zxLbu]6 eTsfpg], tf]/0f RofTg]
sfd k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;'/Iff kmf}hn] u/]sf] 5 .
otf s~rgk'/s} lkKnf8L uflj;–$
nf]xf/k'/df zxLb kl/jf/nfO{ e]6\g uPsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf !% ;b:onfO{ kmfu'g %
ut] kqm]/ xfn;Dd klg a]kQf agfOPsf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/Iffkmf}hn]
dfcf]jfbL ;}Go ;b:ox? cflzif, k|lt/f]w, ckLn, kl/jt{g, xl;nf, ;f}uft, ;xf;,
;f/f, k|ltdf, s;d, ljb'/ / s]Gb|;“u ePsf xftxltof/ klg n'6]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L 8“8]nw'/fsf]
d}/LcfnLtfndf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] df3 @( ut] hg;]gfsf k|]dnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]
5 . To;}u/L kmfu'g !# ut] 8f]6Lsf] nu8faf6 ;+3if{, k|xf/;lxt ^ hgfnfO{
kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . ;'/Iffkmf}hn] zflGtk"0f{ hg;ef layf]n]/ ljBfyL{
jL/axfb'/ bnf{dLnfO{ sfgsf] hfnL km'6\g] u/L lk6]sf] 5 .
otf cfrf/;+lxtf 3f]if0ff ePkl5
r}q & ut] c5fd / sfnLsf]6af6 cf}iflw–pkrf/ ug{ cfPsf !) hgf dlxnf / ljBfyL{
sfo{stf{nfO{ dfOtL g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] k|qmfp u/L c5fdsf & hgf
dlxnfnfO{ xfn;Dd a]kQf agfPsf] 5 .
r}q ( ut] clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf]
s}nfnL ;Dd]ngdf k|x/Ln] w/ks8, y'g5]s u/]sf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf cfPsf * hgf
snfsf/nfO{ kqmfp u/L gh/aGbsf] k"hL{ lbO{ h]ndf /flvPsf] 5 . r}q !)
ut] s~rgk'/, dx]Gb|gu/df yf?jfg d'lQm df]rf{n] sfo{qmd ug{ vf]Hbf Toxf“sf]
k|zfgn] klg glbPsf] va/ 5 .
o;}u/L o'4lj/fd ePkl5 aemfªdf
kmfug' & ut] emf]nf eGg] 7fp“df lx+l8/x]sf] a]nf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] sAhf u/L s=
ljZjf;sf] xTof u/]sf] 5 eg] lg/fhgnufot % hgfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] va/ 5 .
To:t} ut z'qmaf/ a;af6 bfª hfg nfu]sf kqsf/ O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnL / lvnaxfb'/
e08f/LnfO{ lrtjgsf] /fdgu/df zfxL ;]gfn] kqmfp u/L 8]9 306f;Dd cgfjZos ;f]wk'5
u/]sf] 5 .
otf /fhwfgLs} glhs eQmk'/sf]
;"o{ljgfosdf ;]gfn] dx]Gb| a'9fyf]sL / bf]nvfsf g/]z yfdLnfO{ kmfu'g @*ut]
lu/km\tf/ u/L xftxltof/ v/vhfgf d'2f rnfpg lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sf7df8f}+
k7fPsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L r}q @$ sf] kf]i6/ 6f“:b} ubf{ wg'iffsf
/3'jL/ bf; / cd'n dxf]tnfO{ ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/L xfn;Dd a]kQf agfPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L r}q @) ut] bf]nvfsf] lh/Laf6 uPsf] ;]gf / ;z:q k|x/Lsf] 6f]nLn] r+v',
;'/L, Eof' / h'u'sf ljleGg 3/x?df vfgtnf;L u/]sf] 5 . r}q @! ut] eLd]Zj/
gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg :yfgdf ;d]t 5fkfdfl/Psf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
o;}aLr g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
;]tL–dxfsfnLsf OGrfh{ s= k|efs/n] Ps jQmJo k|sflzt u/L @@ a'“b] cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
k'/fgf] ;Qfn] pNn+3g ul//x]sf]df To:tf ultljlw aGb ug{ s8f r]tfjgL lbg'ePsf]
5 .
lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5–
o'4lj/fdkZrft\ / cem kl5Nnf] r/0fdf b'a} kIfsf] ;xdltdf 3f]lift cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
kfngfdf xfd|f] kf6L{ k|lta4 ePsf] tYo cfd hgtfsf] cleJolQm ;d]taf6 :ki6 ePsf]
5 . olt a]nf jftf{sf] jf/]df :ki6 of]hgf ;d]t ge} of]hgf ljlxg x'g uPsf]
;QfkIf jftf{ 6f]nL ;d]t 3f]if0ff ug{ g;ls/x]sf] dfq xf]Og, b]zsf ljleGg efudf
cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3gsf bh{gf} 36gfx?
36fO{/x]sf] 5 . cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3g ub}{ hf] rf]/ p;]sf] 7"nf]
:j/ sf] g]kfnL pvfg rl/tfy{ ub}{ slyt 36gfx?sf] gfddf xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{
pNn+3gsf] cf/f]k nufO/x]sf] 5 .
oxf“ cfd hgtf
/ ;Dk"0f{ a'4LhLjL, dfgjclwsf/jfbL, /fhg}lts kf6L{ nufot jftf{ 6f]nL
;d]tsf] Wofgfsif{0fsf] nflu ;]tL dxfsfnL If]qdf ;QfkIfaf6 ePsf cfrf/;+lxtf
pNn+3gsf 36gfx? ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 . oxf+;Dd cfpbf aemfª xTofs08b]lv
s~rgk'/ lu/km\tf/L Pjd\ vf]8\k] x;'lnofdf slyt ;'/Iffkmf}h k'g{:yfkgf;Ddsf ;a}
o'4lj/fd tyf cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3gsf 36gfx?n] xfdLnfO{ uDeL/ agfPsf] 5 . Tolt
dfq geO{ cfrf/;+lxtfsf @@ a'“bfx?dWo]sf s]xL bkmfx?sf] 7f8f] pNn+3g ub}{
dx]Gb|gu/ / a}t8Lsf] v'nfd+rdf cfof]lht cfd;ef ug{ /f]s nufO{ lgif]wf1f hf/L
ug'{ k'/fgf] ;QfkIfåf/f ePsf] cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3gsf] k/fsfi6f 36gfx?sf]
5fgljg;lxt bf]ifLnfO{ sfo{jfxL ug{ / cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3g ug]{ lg0f{o lkmtf{ u/L
hgtf;dIf dfkmL dfUg tyf jftf{sf] jftfj/0f tof/ kfg{sf] nflu cfrf/;+lxtf cIf/zM
kfngf ug{ k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ cfu|x Pj+ r]tfjgL lbg rfxG5f} .
sf7df8f}+ .
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] xfn} ;DkGg s]Gb|Lo ;]qm]6fl/o6sf] lj:tfl/t
a}7sn] lq=lj=lj=;“u ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] OdfGbf/Lk"0f{ sfo{Gjog gePsf]
l:yltdf tTsfn :j=lj=o"= lgjf{rg cf}lrTok"0f{ x'g g;Sg] hgfp“b}
;j{kIfLo e]nfåf/f cGtl/d :j=lj=o"= u7g ug{ dfu u/]sf] 5 .
a}7s kZrft\ oxL r}q @# ut]
;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf b]j]Gb| k/fh'nLåf/f lj:tfl/t a}7ssf lg0f{ox?af/] hfgsf/L
u/fpg hf/L lj1lKtdf– P]ltxfl;s !% cf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng / k|yd k"0f{ a}7skl5
b]zsf] tTsfnLg /fhg}lts kl/l:yltdf kl/jt{g eO{ ;fd|fHojfbsf] cf8df l6s]sf]
k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfn] ;+u7gnfO{ cft+ssf/L / b]zdf ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ub}{ g]kfnL
hgo'4, qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng / qmflGtsf/L zlQmnfO{ gfd]6 kfg{ cfk\mgf]
;Dk"0f{ tfut nufP/ eLif0f bdg, g/;+xf/df plqPsf] hgfp“b} kmfl;i6 zf;s
ju{sf] aa{/ /fHocft+ssf lj?4 jL/tfk"j{s n8\b} ;f+u7lgs / k|lt/f]w ;+3if{sf
sfo{x?nfO{ ;lqmotfk"j{s cufl8 a9fpg] qmddf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf a]gf]h clwsf/L,
s]=;=;= hgd a/fn, Clif l3ld/], 6Lsf/fd uf}td, z+s/ td', u0f]z 9sfn, gf/fo0f
zdf{nufot ;+u7gsf ljleGg txsf g]tf–sfo{stf{x?sf] zxfbt Pjd\ s]Gb|Lo dxf;lrj k"0f{
kf}8]n, s]=;=;= ljkLg e08f/L, gjLg /fO{, hfgsL rf}w/L, sdn lk=Pd, lbn axfb'/
/fO{, s6s /fO{, lgb{n zfx, b]jx/L l/hfn, /fh' g]kfnnufot sof}+ ;fyLx?sf]
lu/km\tf/L / a]kQfsf] afjh'b of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;+u7g d"ntM ;kmn /x]sf]
atfOPsf] 5 .
To:t} a}7sn] lg/+s'ztfjfbsf]
lj?4 cu|udgsf] kIfdf hgkl/rfng ug]{ tyf ;+u7g lj:tf/ / ;'b[9 ug]{ lg0f{o lnPsf]
hgfOPsf] 5 . k|hftflGqs k|lqmofåf/f ljZjljBfnodf s'nkltsf] rog ug'{kg]{,
lghL sn]hx?df :jljo"sf] :yfkgf ug'{kg]{, lghLs/0fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg
;QfkIFn] NofPsf] ljBfno ;d'bfodf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ gLltnfO{ cljnDa vf/]h
ug'{kg]{nufotsf gof“ dfux? ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L ;+3if{ p7fg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]
lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
lj1flKtdf :j=lj=o"=
lgjf{rgsf ;Gbe{df elgPsf] 5–ælq=lj=lj= ;“u ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] OdfGbf/Lk"0f{
sfof{Gjog gePsf sf/0f dxf;lrj k"0f{ kf}8]n s]=;=x? ljkLg e08f/L, gjLg
/fO{, lbnaxfb'/ /fO{nufotsf] l:ylt cem} klg ;fj{hlgs gul/Psf], g]tf–sfo{stf{
nufot ;fdfGo ljBfyL{x? ;d]t l/xf gePsf], lzIf0f ;+:yfleq ;]gf–k|x/Lsf] x:tIf]k
sfod} /x]sf], ;+s6sfn / ;]gf kl/rfngsf sf/0f egf{af6 al~rt ljBfyL{x?n]
egf{ x'g gkfPsf] tyf k/LIffsf sf/0f cfd
ljBfyL{x?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;d:of ;d]t b]lvPsf] l:yltdf tTsfn :jljo"sf]
lgjf{rg cf}lrTok"0f{ x'g ;Sb}g . jL/tfk"0f{ ;+3if{åf/f k|fKt
ePsf] :jljo"nfO{ o;sf] uf}/jzfnL Oltxf;, k/Dk/fsf] jf:tljs cy{df
pQ/flwsf/L agfp“b} lg/+s'ztfjfb, k|ltudg / oyfl:yltjfbsf lj?4df cfd"n
kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf n8\g] wfl/nf] xltof/ agfpg' clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . t;y{
cfhsf] ljlzi6 l:yltdf ljBfyL{ tyf b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf v]Ng'kg]{ P]ltxfl;s
e"ldsfnfO{ d"t{ ?k lbO{ gof“ prfOdf p7]/ o;sf] dof{bfsf] /Iff ug{
;j{kIfLo e]nfåf/f cGtl/d :jljo"sf] u7g g} Psdfq j}1flgs ljlw x'g ;S5 eGg]
lgisif{ a}7sn] lgsfn]sf] 5 . ljZjljBfnoaf6 :jljo" vf]:g] ;Qfwf/Lx?sf]
if8\oGqk|lt ;r]t /x“b} / cfjZos k/]df ;+3if{df pqg] b[9 ;ª\sNk;lxt cGtl/d :jljo"sf]
u7gsf nflu cf–cfkm\gf] :yfgaf6 lqmofzLn aGg ljBfyL{, b]z / hgtfk|lt k|lta4
;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?sf ;fy} cfd ljBfyL{x?df xflb{s clkn
ub{5f}+{ .Ú
j}7sn] jt{dfg ;+s6sf] cu|ufdL
lgsf; uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg g} xf] eGg]
7x/ ub}{ cu|udgsf kIfdf Jofks hgkl/rfng
ug]{ lg0f{o ;d]t lnPsf] 5 .
l/dåf/f
cd]l/sL
cfqmd0fsf] lj/f]w
sf7df8f}+ . ljZje/sf
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6x?sf] ;femf d~r cGt/f{li6«ojfbL qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng (RIM) n]
xfn} cd]l/sL / a]nfotL ;]gfåf/f O/fsdfly eO/x]sf] ;}Gocfqmd0fsf] s8f lj/f]w /
eT;{gf u/]sf] 5 . l/d sld6Låf/f xfn} hf/L k|];–jQmJodf O/fsdfly ePsf]
x:tIf]knfO{ k/flht ug{ ljZje/sf hg;d'bfodf cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 . l/dåf/f hf/L
jStJodf cd]l/sf / a]nfotåf/f O/fsdfly ePsf] gfËf] cfqmd0fsf lj?4df plqPsf ljZje/sf
Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfodf ;nfd k|s6 ub}{ clxn] a'z / p;sf lk5nUu'x? g/fd|f];“u
PlSn+b} uPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . jQmJodf cd]l/sL / a]nfotL zfksx?n] O/fs / O/fsL
hgtfdfly cGofok"0f{ o'4 yf]k/]/ cfÏgf] lrxfg vGb} u/]sf] hgfp“b}
;fd|fHojfbnfO{ pv]n]/ Ïof“Sg rfxfg] ;a} zlQmx?nfO{
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] em08fd'lg b[9tfk"j{s uf]naGb x'“b} xft]dfnf]
ug{ cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 .
clxn]
xfd|f] kf6L{ dfq Psl9Ssf 5M s= afbn
sf7df8f}+÷ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf
:yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o Pjd\ dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nL ;b:o s= /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -afbn_ n]
clxn] k'/fgf] ;+ljwfg k"0f{tM RofltO;s]sf] hgfp“b} hgtf :jod\n] gof“
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 . ut cfOtaf/ hgfb]znfO{
ljz]if cGtjf{tf{ lbg] qmddf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{leq ljjfb / b'O{ u'6 t 5}g egL ;f]lwPsf]
Ps k|Zgdf s= afbnn] eGg'eof]– ‘clxn] xfd|f] kf6L{df h:tf] Pstf c? s'g} klg
kf6L{df 5}g . b]zdf xfd|f] kf6L{ dfq} To:tf] kf6L{ xf] h'g Psl9Ssf
5 .’
‘k|r08ky
g]kfn / g]kfnLl;t dfq ;DalGwt 5}g, of] ljZjsf cGo kl/36gfx?af6 cnu /xg ;Sb}g,
of] cljefHo 5’, pxf“n] eGg'eof] . k|r08kysf] lbof]sf] k|sfzn] ljZjnfO{ g}
k|sfzjfg agfO/x]sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] ha;Dd lj1fgnfO{ k|of]u ug]{
xfdL;“u snf x'G5 ta;Dd xfdL;“u k|r08ky x'G5 / cem dxfg\ pknlAwx? xfl;n ub}{
hfg]5f}+ eGg'eof] .
dfcf]jfbL
/ ;QfkIfaLrsf] jftf{nufotsf ljljw ljifodf s= afbn;“u hgfb]zn] u/]sf] nfdf]
s'/fsfgLsf k|d'v c+zx? oxf“ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5–
b'O{ bzs eGbf nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] e"ldut hLjgaf6 PSsf;L ;fj{hlgs x'“bf
tkfO{nfO{ s:tf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] 5 <
– b'O{ bzs eGbf a9L ;do;Ddsf]
e"ldut hLjgaf6 ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf k|j]z ubf{ gf}nf] cg'e"lt x'g'
:jefljs} xf] . t/, Tof] s'/f d'Vo xf] h:tf] nfUb}g . d'Vo s'/f t
clxn] xfd|f] b]zn], xfd|f] Oltxf;n] Pp6f P]ltxfl;s km8\sf] dfg{ vf]lh/fv]sf]
5 . clxn] g]kfnsf] Oltxf; ;+qmd0fsf] ljGb'af6 u'lh|/fv]sf] 5 / xfdL ;a}
Tof] ljGb\'df plePsf 5f}+ . dnfO{ clxn] Oltxf;sf] of] ljGb'df ple+bfv]/L
bfloTjaf]wsf] cg'e"lt eO/fv]sf] 5 . Oltxf;n] h'g km8\sf]sf] dfu
ul//fv]sf] 5 To;df d]/f] cfÏgf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df Oltxf;n] ;'Dk]sf] bfloTj,
kf6L{n] ;'Dk]sf] lhDd]jf/Ln] dnfO{ cfToGt uDeL/ agfPsf] 5 . d
cfkm"nfO{ bfloTjaf]wn] lylr/fv]sf] dxz'; ul//fv]sf] 5' .
e'ldut /x“bf / v'Nnf hLjgdf /x“bfaLr s]xL km/s cg'e"lt ug{'ePsf] 5
<
– lgZro klg e"ldut hLjg /
;fj{hlgs hLjgdf s]xL g s]xL leGgtf x'g' :jfefljs xf] . v'nf hLjgdf hlt
:jtGqtfk"j{s hgtfsf] aLrdf hfg / cfd hgtfsf aLrdf cfÏgf ljrf/x? n}hfg]
cj;/ x'G5 Tof] e"ldut hLjgdf ;Lldt x'G5 .
xfd|f kf7s / cfdhg;d'bfodf oxf“s} af/]df ;d]t y'k|} lh1f;fx? /x]sf
5g\ . oxf“ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf s;/L cfslif{t x'g' eof] To;af/] s]xL
atfOlbg' x'G5 ls <
– d]/f] jl/kl/sf] kl/j]z,
d]/f] hftLo k[i7e"ld cflbn] dnfO{ ljb|f]xL agfof] . d]/f] :s"n
hLjgdf Pshgf a+ufnL lzIfs x'g'xGYof] . pxf“af6 sDo'lgi6 r]tgf k|fKt
eof] . zfob tL a+ufnL lzIfs ef/tsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ;b:o x'“bf x'g\– Tof]
clxn] lglZrt?kdf eGg ;lSbg . t/, pxf“n] k9fp“bf cGo kf7x?sf ;fy;fy}
aLraLrdf sDo'lgi6 lzIff klg lbg'x'GYof] . To; lsl;dsf c+zx? p4[t klg
ug'{xGYof] . To;}u/L ls;fg / hldgbf/aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]wsf] s'/f ubf{ pxf“n]
hdLg hf]Tg]sf] x'g'k5{ eGg'x'GYof] . ;fy} ?;, rLgnufot b]zdf /x]sf
Joj:yfaf/] klg hfgsf/L u/fpg'x'GYof] . tL b]zdf wgL / u/LaaLr e]befj
x'“b}g, dfG5]nfO{ dfG5]n] zf]if0f ub{}g eg]/ eGg'x'GYof] . d]/f]
cGt{x[bodf klg ;dfhdf lsg o:tf] wgL / u/La eP, lsg e]befj eof], lsg oxf“ sf]xL
d/Ld/L sfd ubf{ klg vfg gkfpg] / sf]xLrflx+ sfd gu/L a;La;L vfg kfpg] / sfd
gug]{x?s} OHht x'g] t/ sfd ug]{x?k|lt ckdfg / pk]Iff x'g]– oL k|Zgx? p7\g]
ub{Yof] . d tL k|Zgx?sf] :jod\n] pQ/ lbg sf]lzif uy]{+ . olb of]
;dfhdf ;dfgtf eP slt /fd|f] x'g] lyof] . oxf“ cfk;df ;a}n] Ps csf{nfO{ ;dfg
Jojxf/ ul/lbP slt ;'Gb/ x'g] lyof] eGg] lsl;dsf s'/fx?n] dleq cGtå{Gå
x'GYof] . a+ufnL lzIfsaf6 To:tf s'/fx? ;'Gbf d w]/} pTk|]l/t / pT;flxt
x'Gy]+ . ToxL qmddf sDo'lgi6 eg]sf] 7Ls xf] eGg] d]/f] Xbodf 5fk a:of] /
qmdzM kl5 d}n] sDo'lgi6 ;flxTox? / cGo ;flxTox? klg cWoog ub}{ uP“ . tL
;a} ;flxTox?dWo] ;aeGbf a9L j}1flgs ;flxTo, ljrf/ dnfO{ sDo'lgi6 ljrf/ g}
nfUof] / sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngk|lt cfslif{t x'g k'u]+ .
tkfO{n] ?;df pRr lzIff cWoog ubf{ub}{ aLr}df k9fO 5f8]/ k"0f{sfnLg
?kdf g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf ;+nUg x'g'ePsf] ;'lgG5 . k9fO k"/f
ul/;s]/ cfGbf]ngdf ;+nUg x'g ;ls+b}g lyof] / <
– d df sDo'lgi6 ljrf/sf] k|j]z
e};s]kl5 To; k|sf/sf ljrf/ /fVg]x?;“u d]/f] ;Dks{ a9\b} uof] . d o; If]qdf
clt ;+ul7t?kdf ;lqmo x'g yfn]+ . d}n] cfÏgf] SofDk;sf] cWoog k"/f
ul/;s]kl5 cWoog ug{sf] lglDt ;f]leot ;+3 uP“ . Toxf“ klg d}n]
cfkm"leq h'g ljb|f]xsf] cfuf] lyof] cyf{t\ h'g ljrf/k|lt d k|lta4 lyP“
Toxf“ klg d]/f] ljrf/;“u ldNg] ljrf/ ePsf ;fyLx? e]6fP“ . To;kl5 of]
ljrf/nfO{ :yflkt ug{ Toxf“ klg ;lqmo eP“ . To;}qmddf )#^ ;fndf Pp6f /fli6«o
hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;"qkft eof] . ToxL qmddf d g]kfndf cfP“ .
cfkm"nfO{ klg Tof] cfGbf]ng;“u} hf]8]+ . cfGbf]ngsf/L ;fyLx?;“u,
;'?jftsf lbgx?df ;Dks{ ePsf ldqx?;“u d]/f] ;DaGw sfod eof] . hf] d]/f]
cleGg ldqx? eP . To;dWo] t d'Vo s= k|r08 x'g'x'GYof] / xfdLn] Pp6f ;ª\sNk
u¥of}+– cfGbf]ng clxn] g]kfndf p7]sf] 5 To;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg''k5{ . lgZro
klg Tof] hgdt ;ª\u|xdf k~rfotsf] ljho ePsf] k|rf/ ul/of] . pgLx?n] Toxf“
wf“wnL u/] . xfdLn] eGof}+ cfGbf]ngdf s]xL sdhf]/L 5g\ . jfdkGyL
cfGbf]ngdf s]xL q'6Lx? 5g\ . To;nfO{ ;Rofp“b} xfdLn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ /fli6«otf, hgtGq / hghLjLsfsf] cfGbf]ngdf
hf]8\g] ;ª\sNk u¥of}+ . cfGbf]ngnfO{ gof“ prfOdf p7fpg'k5{, To;sf] lglDt
xfdLn] :jo+nfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf hgtf k|lt ;dflk{t ug'{k5{ . k9fO eGg]
s'/fnfO{ bf];|f] :yfgdf /fVg' kb{5 eGg] xfdLn] ;ª\sNk u¥of}+ . ToxL
efjgf;lxt d ;f]leot ;+3af6 kms]{+ / ;a} ;fyLx?;“u ljbf eP/ k'gM cfGbf]ngdf
k"0f{ ?kdf xf]ldof}+ .
qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] qmddf s= k|r08 / tkfO{sf] e"ldsfsf]
af/]df kf6L{ b:tfj]hdf klg pNn]v 5 . tkfO{ ?;af6 kmls{Pkl5 hgo'4sf]
;'?jft;Dd s;/L cfOk'Ug' eof], To;af/] atfOlbg'x'G5 ls <
– lgZro klg d ;f]leot ;+3af6
cfÏgf] k9fOnfO{ cw'/f] g} 5f]8]/ cfÏgf] d'n'sdf kms]{kl5 ;+ul7t ?kdf cfGbf]ngdf
;dfj]z eP“ . rf}yf] dxflwa]zgl;t d ;Da4 lyP“ . rf}yf] dxflwj]zgsf]
nfOg cg';f/ d lqmofzLn /x]+ . t/ rf}yf] dxflwj]zgsf] h'g nfOg lyof] To;n]
hgtfn] ck]Iff u/]sf] / qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ck]Iff u/]cg'?k kl/0ffd Nofpg ;ls/fv]sf]
lyPg . rf}yf] dxflwj]zg leq Pp6f cGt{;+3if{ rNb} uof] / Pp6f
u}/;j{xf/fjfbL wf/sf] k|ltlglwTj df]xgljqmdn] ul//fv]sf lyP . xfdL o'jf
lk+9Lsf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] Toxf“leq} Pp6f wf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ul//fv]sf
lyof}}+ . ToxL qmddf kf“rf} dxflwj]zg eof] . of] cGt/;+3if{ Pd=aL=sf]
lgisf;gdf 6'lËof] . Toxf“ ;xL qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] ljho eof] . xfdLn] hf]
ljutdf rf}yf] dxflwj]zgn] lnPsf gLlt / nfOgx? lyP, To;sf sdL–sdhf]/Lx?nfO{
j}rfl/s ?kdf ;+Zn]if0f ug]{ k|oTg u¥of}+ . To; cg'?k xfd|f ljrf/x?nfO{
xfdLn] u|fdL0f ju{;+3if{ / zxl/of ;+3if{x?df k'i6L ug]{ k|oTg ub}{
/x\of}+ . o;} qmddf gof“ qmflGtsf/L kf6L{sf] ljsfz x'“b} uof] . )$^÷)$&
sf] hgcfGbf]ng;Dd cfp“bf b'O{kIfLo ;Demf}tf eof] . xfdLn] wf]sf
eGof}+ . cfGbf]ngnfO{ aLr}df t'xfOof] . xfdLn] Tof] cfGbf]ngnfO{
:jtGq ?kdf lg/Gt/tf lbg ;s]gf}+ . xfdLn] qmflGtsf/Lx? ljljw kf6L{df 5l/P/
/x]sf] dx;'; u¥of}+ / kf6L{ Pstfåf/f k|ltefx? / oL ;a} qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ Psh'6
u/]/ dfq} P]ltxfl;s 5nfË dfg{ ;lsG5 / cfGbf]ngnfO{ :jtGq wf/ / :jtGq zlQmsf]
?kdf :yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] lgisif{df uof}+ . To;kl5 kf6L{ Pstfsf]
cleofgnfO{ cufl8 a9fof}+ . )$* ;fn;Dd cfOk'Ubf Pstf s]Gb|sf] ?kdf xfdLn]
Pp6f qmflGtsf/L kf6L{sf] ljsf; u¥of}+ . )%@ ;fndf cfP/ hgo'4sf] P]ltxfl;s
kxnsbdL lnof}+ . To; a]nfb]lv oxf“;Dd cfOk'Ubf & jif{df xfdLn] Pp6f
/fhgLlts zlQm dfq xf]Og g]kfndf :jtGq hg;Qf / hgd'lQm ;]gf lgdf{0f ug{ ;kmn
eof}+ . Pp6f gof“ ljrf/n] n}; h;nfO{ xfdL k|r08 ky eG5f}+, xfd|f]
ljz]iftfdf ljrf/n] n}; ;j{xf/f ju{sf] cu|b:tfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;kmn eof} / o;/L
of] cleofgdf ca xfdL clGtd ljhosf] ljGb'df cfOk'u]sf 5f}+ .
clxn] g]kfnsf] cfwfeGbf a9L e"–efu tkfO{x?sf] sAhfdf 5 / Toxf“
gof“ ;Qf ;~rfng ePsf] eGg] s'/f ljb]zLx?n] ;d]t atfO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ tkfO{x?
clxn] /0fg}lts zlQm ;Gt'ng 5 / ;a}nfO{ ldnfP/ hfg'k5{ eGb} k'“hLjfbL gf/f
;+ljwfg ;efdf cfpg' ePsf] 5 . o;/L kl5 x6\g'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
– oxf“ xfdL k5fl8 kms]{sf
5}gf}+, xfdL cufl8 g} uO/fv]sf 5f}+ . clxn] xfdLn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] gf/f
lbPsf 5f}+ . lgZro klg of] k'“hLjfbL gf/f xf] . k'“hLjfb ;fdGtjfb
eGbf lgZro klg P]ltxfl;s ?kn] cufl8 xf] . u'0ffTds ?kn] g} of] gf/f,
k|ultzLn gf/f xf] . To;sf/0f ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;f/ eg]sf] ;+ljwfg hgtfn]
agfpg kfpg'k5{ eGg] xf] . cflv/ ef]ln uP/ klg hgu0ftGqdf s] x'G5 Toxf“ s;n] ;+ljwfg agfp“5 . Toxf“ klg
hgtfn] g} ;+ljwfg agfpg] xf] . ;dfhjfbdf klg s;n] ;+ljwfg agfpg] Toxf“ klg
;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;f/ eg]sf] ;+ljwfg hgtfn] agfpg kfpg'k5{ eg]sf] xf] . clxn]
b]zdf ljBdfg ;+ljwfg lyof], Tof] hgtfn] agfPsf] xf]Og . Tof] ;+ljwfg
hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL lyPg . hgtfsf] lxtx?sf] k|ltlglwTj Tof] ;+ljwfgn]
ub}{g . d'VotM b/af/sf], ;fdGtjfbsf] lxt o;n] u5{ . h'g tYox?n],
36gfqmdn] k'li6 ul/;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] xfdLn] elg/fv]sf 5f}+ h'g )$^÷)$&
;fndf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ul/of] Tof] hgtfsf] lxtdf 5}g . lgZro klg Toxf“ ?kdf
;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf lglxt 5 eGg] rLhx? klg /flvPsf] 5 . Tof] cfj/0f dfq
xf] . hf] hglj/f]wL ;f/tTjnfO{ 5f]Kg] rLh xf] . hf] 36gfqmdx?n]
To;nfO{ Roflt;s]sf] 5 . clxn] ;+ljwfg j:t'tM 5}g . xfdLn] of]
;+ljwfgxLgtfsf] l:yltdf lxhf]sf wf]sfx? hf] hgtfnfO{ eP, To;af6 d'Qm x'g
k5{ . /, hgtf :jo+dn] g} gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ k5{ . uf]nd]r
;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] k|lqmofaf6 u'h|]/ dfq} of] ;Dej x''G5
eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] .
oL s'/fx?nfO{ tkfO{+x?n] k|i6 ug{ g;s]sf] ljleGg ;+;jfbL /fhgLlts
zlQmx?n] elg/x]sf 5g\ . of] cj:yfdf ;a}sf] ;femf ljGb'sf] ?kdf ;+ljwfg
;efnfO{ lnP/ s;/L hfg ;Sg'x'G5 <
– of] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] af/]df
h'g ljrf/x? pl7/x]sf 5g\, Tof] b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ . Pp6f ;+ljwfg ;ef
c:ki6 eof] cyjf ;+ljwfg ;ef cfjZos 5}g eGg] s'/f pl7/x]sf 5g\ . Pp6f kf6f]
To;f] eGg'sf] k5fl8 b]zL–ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbLx?, h;n] b]znfO{ k/fwLg agfPsf
5g\, hgtfnfO{ pTkL8g ul//fv]sf 5g\ pgLx?af6 Pp6f if8oGqsf ?kdf oL s'/fx?
cfO/fv]sf] 5 .
bf];|f] s'/f, cem klg g]kfnL
hgtfn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/nfO{, :jtGqtfnfO{ lrGg ;ls/fv]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx? h'g
xb;Dd ;+ul7t / hfu?s x'g' kg]{ xf] Tof] xb;Dd pgLx?sf] r]tgfsf] ljsf; eO;s]sf]
5}g . To;sf/0f pgLx? k|ltufdLx?sf] if8\oGqdf s]xL xb;Dd e|ldt ePsf
5g\ . To;sf/0f e|d:j?k klg o:tf s'/fx? cfO/fv]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0fn]
;+ljwfg ;ef hgtfsf] lxtdf 5}g eGg] s'ts{sf] e|ddf xfdL s'g} klg xfntdf kg{'
x'“b}g . if8\oGqdf km:g x'“b}g eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] . xfdL tL
e|dx?nfO{ :ki6 kfg]{ k|oTg ul//fv]sf 5f}+ . ltgLx?sf] k|lt/f]w ug]{ xfdLn]
hdsf]{ ul//fv]sf 5f}+ .
cf}krfl/s jftf{–k|lqmof cufl8 a9\g s] n] c8\ls/x]sf] h:tf] nfU5 <
– k|ltufdLx?sf] rl/q g}
if8\oGq ug'{ xf], hf] pgLx?sf] dfGotf x'G5 . cfrf/;+lxtf ;fd"lxs
;xdltdf lgwf{l/t ul/Psf] xf] . cfd hg;d'bfon] ;d]t To;nfO{ dfGotf lbPsf
5g\ . To;}nfO{ p;n] v'n]ofd pNn+3g ul//fv]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ s] xf]
eg] p;n] cfkm\gf] k|ltufdL rl/qnfO{ /fd|/L pb\3fl6t ub}{ uO/fv]sf] 5 .
To;sf/0f Tof] cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3gn] lgZro klg zflGtjftf{nfO{ cu|ufdL lgsfz;Dd
k'¥ofpg afwf k'¥ofp“5 of] Pp6f gsf/fTds kIf xf] . csf]{lt/ ;sf/fTds kIf klg 5 . Tof] xf]–
hf] e|ddf k/]sf hgtf lyP of] ;QfkIf /fi6«jfbL 5, of] zflGt rfxG5 eGg] e|d
kfln/fv]sf lk5l8Psf hgtfx? lyP– ltgLx?nfO{ o;n] ;r]t agfpg / k|ltufdLx?sf] rl/q
a'em\g d2t ul//fv]sf] 5 . of] Pp6f ;sf/fTds kf6f] xf] . zflGt
jftf{nfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf;;Dd k'¥ofpg] s'/f hgtfsf] ;+ul7t ;lqmo kxnsbdLdf lge{/
ub{5 . xfd|f] b[9 dfGotf s] xf] eg] b'O{kIfLo k'/fgf] ;Qf / gof“ ;QfaLrsf]
dfq} cGtlqm{ofaf6 Pp6f ;fy{s lgisif{df k'luG5 eGg] xfdL dfGb}gf}+ .
lgZro klg of] jftf{ d'VotM hgtfnfO{ ;lqmo?kdf ;+ul7t / ;r]t agfP/ dfq of]
lg0ff{os ljGb';Dd k'Ug ;S5 . oxf“ hgtf, gof“ ;Qfsf k|ltlglwx? / t];|f]lt/
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf k|ltlglwx? oL tLgj6f kIfx? jftf{–k|lqmofdf ;+nUg 5g\ / lg0ff{os
eg]sf] hgtf xf] eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] . o;/L xfdLnfO{ s] ljZjf; 5 eg]
qmflGtsf/L zlQmx?sf] ;+o'St kxndf of] jftf{nfO{ Pp6f cu|ufdL lgsf;;Dd k'¥ofpg
;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf xfdL ljZj:t 5f}+ . k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] Toxf“ wf“wnL u¿g\ jf
afwf v8f u¿g\ t/ hgtf / qmflGtsf/L zlQmx? Psu7 5g\ / ;r]t / ;+ul7t 5g\ eg]
cu|ufdL lgsfz;Dd k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 .
o'4lj/fdkl5 ag]sf] cfrf/;+lxtf;d]t kfngf gug]{ ;Qfn] ef]ln tkfO{x?;“u
u/]sf] jftf{df ;Demf}tf eof] eg] klg Tof] sfof{Gjog ul/xfNnf eGg] s;/L ljZjf;
ug{ ;lsG5 / <
–
of] of Tof] kIfsf] kljq jf ckljq OR5fdf e/kg]{ s'/f xf]Og . olb To;f]
x'“bf] xf] eg] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] k|ltufdL tTjx?n] 6fpsfsf] d"Nox? tf]s]sf
lyP, /]8sg{/ gf]l6; hf/L u/]sf lyP, xfdLnfO{ cft+sjfbL, ck/fwLsf] ?kdf pgLx?n] :yflkt
ug{ vf]h]sf lyP, pgLx?sf] OR5f To;nfO{ lkmtf{ lng] lyPg, vf/]h ug]{ lyPg t/ pgLx?
tL ;a} lkmtf{ lng afWo eP lg † To;sf/0fn] ;a} rLhx? OR5fdf lge{/ ub}{gg\ .
csf]{ s'/f hf] j:t'ut kl/j]z xf], hf] zlQm ;Gt'ng xf] To;n] dfG5]sf ljrf/x? /
dfG5]sf] OR5fnfO{ lgwf{/0f u5{ g ls dfG5]sf] OR5f jf ljrf/n] j:t'ut kl/j]znfO{
lgwf{/0f u5{ . d"n k|j[lQ eg]sf] xfdLn] o:tf] kl/j]z ;[li6 ug'{k¥of],
zlQm–;Gt'ngnfO{ o:tf] ljGb'df k\'¥ofpg'k¥of] ls To;n] xfd|f] /fi6« / hgtfsf]
lxtnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/f];\ . xfdL Tof] k|oTgdf 5f}+ . To;sf/0f p;n] cfrf/;+lxtf
hlt;'s} pNn+3g u/] klg xfdLn] /fli6«o / cGt/fli6«o kl/j]znfO{ /fi6« / hgtfsf]
kIfdf lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sof}+ eg] p;sf oL ;a} OR5f / b'ik|oTgx? c;kmn ;fljt x'g]5g\ .
cl3Nnf] k6s oxf“x?n] jftf{ 5f]8]/ PSsf;L bfªnufotsf Aof/]sx?df cfqmd0f
u/]sf] / clxn] klg To;} u/L zlQm ;~ro ug{ oxf“ cfPsf] egL sltkon] xNnf ug]{
u5{g\ . o;nfO{ s;/L x]l//xg'ePsf] 5 <
– bfËsf] kl/36gf eof], of]
bfËdf geP/ cGoq klg x'g ;SYof] . To;}n] bfË t Pp6f lgldQ sf/0f eof] .
Tof] t Pp6f k|lt/f]w lyof] . hf] pgLx?n] qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ bdg ug]{ Pp6f
if8\oGq ul//fv]sf lyP, To;s} Pp6f e08fkmf]/ lyof] . e08fkmf]/ ug{ ;kmn
eof}+ eGg] xfd|f] lg:sif{ xf] . bf];|f] s'/f jftf{ ;kmn ePg eg] bfËh:tf]
36gf x'G5 ls x'“b}g eGg] hxf“;Dd k|Zg xf]– olb Toxf“ bfËh:t} cyjf cem vt/gfs
if8oGq eof] eg] To;sf] Tof] prfOdf / ToxL zlQmsf ;fy k|lt/f]w x'G5 eGg] s'/f
:jtM l;4 5 . To;df s'g} z+sf / pkz+sfsf] s'/f cfp“b}g . xfd|f] dfGotf
if8oGqx?nfO{ lrg'{k5{ / bdgx?sf] k|lt/f]w ug'{ k5{ eGg] xf] . ha;Dd bdg x'G5 / if8oGq x'G5
xfdL lg/Gt/ ?kdf To;nfO{ lrg]{ 5f}+ . k|lt/f]w ug]{ 5f}+ . lxhf] klg
xfdLn] jftf{ e¨ u/]sf lyPgf+} . ;QfkIfn] g} jftf{ e¨ u/]sf] lyof] .
clxn] klg jftf{ xfdL e¨ ug]{ kIfdf 5}gf}+ . jftf{ Pp6f lgsf;sf] lglDt,
Pp6f lg:sif{sf] lglDt x'g'k5{ . To;sf/0f lxhf] hf] jftf{ ePsf] lyof]–
;QfkIf s'g} k|of]hglagf jftf{df a;]sf] lyof] . pm;“u s'g} Ph]08f
lyPg . xfdLn] :ki6 ?kdf Ph]08f /fv]sf lyof}+ . pm jftf{df o; sf/0f
a;]sf] lyof] ls p;nfO{ xfdLnfO{ bdg ug{sf] lglDt tof/Lsf] cfjZostf lyof] .
To;sf/0f To;sf] tof/Lsf] lglDt zlQm ;~ro ug'{ lyof] . To;}n] pm jftf{df
a;]sf] lyof] . xfdLn] jftf{sf] qmddf s] b]Vof}+ eg] pgLx? jf:tjdf jftf{
rfx“b}gg\ . pgLx?n] if8oGq ul//fv]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] xTofsf] if8oGq
ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/F b]Vof}+ . xfdLn] bfËdf pgLx?sf] zflQm s]Gb|Ls/0f
eO/fv]sf] b]Vof}+ . To;af6 a'em\of}+ pgLx? jf:tjdf lgsf; rflx/fv]sf
5}gg\ . ;QfkIfn] if8oGq ul//fv]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f xfdLn] Tolta]nf klg
eGof} . ;QfkIfn] jftf{ 5f]l8;s]sf] 5 ca Ps xftn] tfnL aHb}g eg]/ jQmJo
lbPkl5 dfq bfËsf] 36gf 36\of] . Toxf“ xfdLn] pgLx?sf] if8oGqsf] u9 ag]sf]
bfËnfO{ Wj:t agfPsf 5f}+ . olb xfdLn] Tof] gu/]sf] eP hgtfnfO{ 7"nf]
3ft x'GYof] / 7"nf] b'ef{Uo x'g]jfnf lyof] .
To; ;}Go cfqmd0fdf tkfO{+;lxtsf] ;}Gokª\lQmsf] bjfjdf jftf{ tf]l8Psf]
eGg] xNnf rnfpg] sfd k'/fgf] ;Qfn] u¥of] . jf:tljstf s] xf] < kf6L{df
jftf{lj/f]wL / jftf{ kIfw/ b'O{ u'6 /x]sf] elgG5 lg <
– Tof] ;/f;/ em"6 s'/f
xf] . ;tk|ltzt lg/fwf/ s'/f xf] . ;Tolxg s'/f xf] . clxn] b]zdf
Ps dfq xfd|f] kf6L{ xf] hf] Psl9Ssf 5 . ljrf/df, sd{df ;Dk"0f{
tYox?n] Tof] s'/fnfO{ k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . cfrf/;+lxtf nfu" ePsf] / o'4
lj/fd ePsf] clxn] em08} b'O{ dlxgf k"/f eO;Sof] . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] cfb]zdf
xfd|f] s'g} klg ;}Go b:tfn] Pp6f klg ;}Go sf/jfxL u/]sf] 5}g . o;sf] 7Ls
pN6f] k'/fgf] ;Qf kIfsf] ;}Go l:ylt x]bf{ Psflt/ pgLx?sf] /fhlglts kª\lQmn]
cfrf/;+lxtfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] 5 csf]{lt/
;}Go kª\lQm k"/} kl/rflnt 5 . ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/f xf] ls o'4lj/fd
eg]sf] d'VotM ;}Go kIfl;t ;DalGwt x'G5 . hf] ;]gf x'G5, hf] o'4df ;+nUg
x'G5 tL ;]gfx? Aof/]sdf lkmtf{ x'g'k5{, hf] hxf“ 5 ToxL+ cl8g' k5{ eGg]
xf] . Toxf“af6 kl/rfng ug'{ x'“b}g eGg] o\'4lj/fdsf] cy{ xf] .
Aojxf/df s] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] zfxL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L oL ;a} kl/rflnt 5g\ .
pgLx?n] cf/f]k nufO/x]sf 5g\ ls hgd'lQm ;]gf / kf6L{aLr 7"nf] kmf6f]
5 . cGt/lj/f]w 5, ;fy} Pp6f jftf{lj/f]wL 5 / csf]{ jftf{sf] kIfdf 5 eGg]
hf] xNnf rnfO/x]sf 5g\ Tof] xfdLdf nfu" geO{ k'/fgf] ;Qfdf nfu" ePsf]
5 . hf] pgLx?sf] Psflt/ ;}Go zlQm 5 / csf]{lt/ /fhgLlts zlQm 5 pgLx?df
rsf]{ cGt/lj/f]w k|:6 ?kdf b]lvG5 .
k'/fgf] k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;sx?s} zAbdf ‘cft+ssf/Lsf]
gfOs]’ cyjf ‘xTof/fx?sf] gfOs]’ egL /]8sg{/ gf]l6; hf/L u/L ljZje/ ;fj{hlgs
ug]{ / b]zleq klg dfl/Psf] ;d]t xNnf rnfp“bf tkfO{x?nfO{ s:tf] nfUof] <
– To:tf] a]nf
xfdLnfO{ uj{sf] cg'e"lt x'GYof] . xfdLnfO{ ck/fwLsf] ;+1f,
cft+sjfbLsf] ?kdf k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] lrq0f u/] jf xfd|f] gfddf d'n'sdf dfq xf]Og
ls ljZjel/ g} /]8sg{/ gf]l6z hf/L u/] . To;af6 xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{ cToGt
;Ddflgt / uf}/jflGjt ePsf] dx;'; u¥of}+ .
tkfO{+nfO{ lxhf] h;/L k'/fgf] ;Qfn] v'+vf/ ck/fwL eg]/
lrq0f u/]sf lyP clxn] hgtfn] cToGt} ;/n, ldhfl;nf] eg]/ eG5g\ . b'Zdgn]
To;/L lrq0f ug]{ tl/sf / hgtfn] ;/n / ;xh eGbf cg'e"lt ug]{ h'g s'/f 5
To;nfO{ tkfO{+n] cfkm"nfO{ s'g 7fp“df 5' eGg] nfU5 <
– >dhLjL
hgtf w]/} ;/n x'G5g\ . ltgLx? ldng;f/ x'G5g\ . ltgLx? hl6n
x'“b}gg\ . hgtf z'4, ;kmf x'G5g\ . To; sf/0fn] d hgtfsf] 5f]/f]
x'“ . hgtf d]/f a'af–cfdf x'g\ . lzIfs eg]sf] hgtf x'g\ . To;sf/0fn]
pgLx?n] dnfO{ h:tf] cfkm"x? 5g\ To:t} lzIff lbP d ToxL ?kdf 5' . t/
csf]{lt/ d hl6n klg 5', hf] hgtfnfO{ bafpg] kmf]xf]/Lx? 5g\, hf] b'i6x? 5g\
ltgLx?sf nflu d w]/} hl6n 5' . oL kmf]xf]/Lx?, oL b'i6x? hl6n x'G5g\ /
logLx? ckf/bzL{ x'G5g\, To;sf/0fn] ltgLx?sf] lglDt ;/n 9+un] h'Wg ;lsGg .
pgLx? hl6n 5g\ . To;sf/0f xfdL klg hl6n x'g'k5{ . pgLx?eGbf hl6n
x'g'k5{ clg dfq pgLx?nfO{ xfdLn] k/f:t ug{ ;S5f}+ . d}n] cfkm"nfO{
hl6ntf / ;/ntfsf] s]Gb|Ls[t cleJolQm 7fG5' .
hgtfn] afbn
eGg] t xfdL h:t} ;/n, ldng;f/ / xfdL h:t} >dhLjLsf] Pp6f c+z /x]5 eGg] /
cfkm\gf] k|ltlaDa b]v] . afbn / xfdLaLr To:tf] cGt/ 5}g, xfdL Pp6} xf}+
gfd dfq km/s eof] eg] . afbn eg]sf] k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf] k|ltlglweGbf cln
leGg /x]5, pm xfdL h:t} /x]5 eGg] s'/fx? pgLx?n] b]v] .
k|;ª\u abnf}+, g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf plrt /fhgLlts
lgsf;sf] af6f] s] xf] < o;nfO{ clnslt lrq0f ul/lbg' x'G5 ls <
– clxn] hf]
cGt/lj/f]w ljBdfg 5, To;sf] ;dfwfg s] xf] < xfdLn] To;nfO{ ;/n 9+un] k|:t't
u/]sf 5f}+ / To;nfO{ a'em\g w]/} ufx«f] / c;Dej 5}g . xfdLn] eGof}+– clxn]
;+ljwfgxLgtfsf] l:ylt 5 . lxhf] ;+ljwfg d"ntM hgtfsf] lxtdf lyPg,
Tof] hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg lyPg, gfddf To;nfO{ hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg elgof]– sd{df Tof]
hglj/f]wL ;+ljwfg lyof] . 36gfqmdx?n] af/Daf/ o;nfO{ k'li6 ul//x]sf
5g\ . To;sf/0fn] ca hgtf ;r]t / ;+ul7t x'g'k5{ . cfkm\gf] lxtsf]
lglDt cfkm}n] g} ;+ljwfg agfpg'k5{ . d'n'ssf b]zeQmx? ;a} p7\g'k5{ .
d'n'ssf] :jfwLgtfsf] /Iff ug'{k5{ . o;nfO{ k"0f{tf;Dd nfg'k5{ .
d'n'sn] w]/}k6s wf]sf vfO;s]sf] 5 . w]/}k6s /fi6«3ft eO;s]sf] 5 .
oxf“ w]/}k6s hg3ft eO;s]sf] 5 . ca if8\oGqdf km:g' x'Gg eGg] xfd|f] of]
;/n / :ki6 egfO xf] . To;}sf/0fn] xfdLn] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng eg]sf 5f}+ .
of] eg]sf] ;a} b]zeQmx?, ;a} k|hftGqjfbLx?, ;a} jfdkGyL / qmflGtsf/Lx? Ps}
7fp“df a;]/ b]zsf] lxtdf ;+ljwfg agfpg'k5{ . k|hftGqsf] lxtdf ;+ljwfg
agfpg'k5{ . qmflGtsf] lxtdf / k|ultsf] lxtdf ;+ljwfg agfpg'k5{ . To;nfO{
xfdL h'g tLg zlQmsf] s'/f u/]sf 5f}+, b/af/leq klg ;Rrf b]zeQmx? 5g\ eg]
pgLx?nfO{ df6f]sf] dfof 5 eg] pgLx? cfpmg\– of] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf . xfdLn]
df6f]sf] /Iff ug]{ ;+ljwfg agfp“, olb ;Rrf k|hftGqk|]dL 5g\ eg], h;n]
cfkm"nfO{ pbf/ k|hftGqjfbL eG5g\ Tof] lsQfleq ;Rrf k|hftGqk|]dLx? 5g\ eg]
cfpg';\ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf Pp6} ynf]df a;f}+ . cfkm"nfO{ qmflGtsf/L
eGg]x?, ;Rrf b]zeQm / k|hftGqk|]dL eGg]x? cfpg'xf];\ Pp6} ynf]df pleof}+ /
xfdLn] b]zsf], k|hftGqsf] / qmflGt tyf k|ultsf] lglDt gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f
u/f}+ . xfd|f] of] ljgd| cg'/f]w klg xf] / cfx\jfg klg xf] .
;+ljwfg ;efaf6 gof“ ;+ljwfg aGof] eg] Tof] kl/0ffdnfO{
oxf“x?n] :jLsfg'{ x'G5 ls x'“b}g <
– xfdLn]
zflGt / k|ult, Gofo / d'lQm dfq :jLsf/ u5f}{+ . To;afx]s xfdL s'g} klg lgisif{
hf] cGofosf] kIfdf 5, hf] /fi6«3ftsf] kIfdf 5, hf] lg/ª\s'ztfsf] kIfdf 5,
To;nfO{ xfdL Ps O~r klg :jLsf/ ub}{gf}+ . t/ hf] k|hftGq, /fi6«sf] kIfdf
Ps O~r klg k|ult ePsf] lgisif{ lg:sG5 eg] xfdL Tof] lagf zt{ :jLsf/
u5f}{+ .
;+ljwfg ;efaf6 k|ultsf] kIfdf, k|hftflGqs xs–clwsf/sf]
kIfdf glthf cfp“5 eGg] s'/fdf slQsf] ljZj:t x'g'x'G5 <
– xfdL To;df
cfzfjfbL 5f}+ . To:tf] x'g'k5{ / x'g}k5{ eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] . To;sf]
lglDt lglZrt kl/j]zx?sf] lgdf{0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 / Tof] kl/j]z eg]sf] xfdLn] ;a}
b]zeQmx? Psh'6 x'g'k5{ . k|hftGqjfbLx? Psh'6 x'g'k5{ . jfdkGyLx? Psh'6
x'g'k5{ . hgtfx? ;lqmo x'g'k5{ . pgLx?sf] r]tgfnfO{ gof“ prfOdf
p7fpg'k5{ / p7\g'k5{ . Tof] kl/j]z lgdf{0f eof] eg] / To:t} cGt/f{li6«o
kIfdf klg hf] k|hftGqk|]dL zlQmx? 5g\, pgLx?sf] ;xof]u / ;dy{g of] k|lqmofdf
hf]l8of] eg] eGg ;lsG5 ;tk|ltzt o;n] cu|ufdL lgsf; k|fKt u5{ . olb o:tf]
x'g ;s]g / xfd|f cfkm\gf q'6Lx?sf] sf/0fn], xfd|f] h8tfsf] sf/0fn], xfd|f]
d"v{tfsf] sf/0fn] xfdL Psh'6 x'g ;s]gf}+, Tof] kl/j]z lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]gf}+ eg]
lgZro klg cu|ufdL lgsf; xf]Og, k|ltufdL lgsf; lg:sG5 .
gof“ aGg] ;+ljwfgdf qmflGtsf/L hg;]gfsf] x}l;ot s]
/xG5 <
– logLx?sf]
x}l;ot ?kdf kl/jt{g x'g'k5{ . hf] clxn] hg;Qf 5 Tof] hgtfsf] ;Qf
xf] . To;n] hgtfsf] lxtsf] sfd ul//fv]sf] 5 . hgd'lQm ;]gf hgtfsf]
;]gf xf] . To;n] hgtfsf] /Iff ul//x]sf] 5 . ef]ln cu|ufdL lgsf;
lgl:sof] eg] logLx?sf] x}l;ot s] 5 eGbfv]l/ Tof] ;f/df s]xL kl/jt{g
cfp“b}g . To;n] hgtfsf] g} /Iff ug'{k5{, Tof] hg;]gfn] ef]ln hgtfsf] ;]jf
ug'{k5{ . To;sf/0fn] ;Dk"0f{ rLh hf] clxn] 5 Tof] hgtfsf] cwLgdf /
hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] lglDt To;n] sfd ug'{k5{ eGg] dfGotf xf], To;nfO{ To;} cg'?k
Joj:yfkg ul/G5 .
oxf“x?n] hgd'lQm ;]gf / zfxL ;]gfnfO{ Pp6} ;]gf agfpg]
/ To;nfO{ hgk|ltlglw dftxt /fVg] eg]/ elg/xg'ePsf] 5 . s]xLn] PsLs/0f
ul/;s]kl5 Tof] ;]gf dfcf]jfbLs} x'G5 / dfcf]jfbLs} lxt u5{ elg/x]sf 5g\ .
o;df Tof] ;]gf hgtfs} ;]gf x'G5 / ;a}sf] ;femf ;]gf x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; s;/L
lbnfpg' x'G5 <
– xfdLn]
eg]sf] hf] zfxL ;]gf 5 Tof] hgtfsf] cwLgdf 5}g / To;n] hgtfsf] /Iff ul//fv]sf]
5}g . To;n] /fi6«sf] /Iff ul//fv]sf] 5}g eGg] xf] . To;sf/0fn] To;sf]
;Dk"0f{ cfwf/ g} eTsfpg'k5{ / gof“ cfwf/df To;nfO{ ;ª\ul7t ug'{k5{ eGg]
xfd|f] dfGotf xf] . To;sf/0f Tof] cfwf/ eg]sf] /fli6«otf / k|hftGqsf
cfwf/df zfxL ;]gfsf] k'gM ;ª\u7g x'g'k5{ . To;f] eof] eg] Toxf“g]/ hgd'lQm
;]gf / zfxL ;]gf h'g u'0ffTds lsl;dn] hgtfsf] ;]gf aGof] To;sf] aLrdf PsLs/0f
x'g ;S5 . xfdLn] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} ToxL k'/fgf] cfwf/ / gof“
cfwf/nfO{ To;} hf]8\g] eg]sf] xfd|f] dfGotf xf]Og . xfd|f] dfGotf eg]sf]
zfxL ;]gf / clxn] ePsf] hgd'lQm ;]gf 5 oL b'a}sf] cfwf/ / :j?k Pp6} x'g'k5{
Tof] xf] hgtfsf] ;]jf / /fi6«sf] ;]jf . To;n] hgtf / /fi6«sf] cfb]z
dfGg'k5{ . s'g} Pp6f kl/jf/sf] cfb]z To;n] dfGg' x'“b}g .
k|r08kyn] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbnfO{ yk ljsf;
u/]sf] atfOG5 . rLg / ?;sf] qmflGteGbf g]kfndf km/s kfpg'ePsf] 5 <
– dfn]dfjfb
eg]sf] lj1fg xf] . lj1fg tYox?df cfwfl/t x'G5 . of] s]jn ts{x? jf
dgf]ut OR5fx?df cfwfl/t x'“b}g . lj1fgsf] sfd eg]sf] ljBdfg
cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug'{ xf] . xfdL lj1fgnfO{ df}lns eG5f}+ .
lsgeg] df}lnstfn] ljBdfg cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ ;xL 9+un] xn u5{ . Tof] ljrf/sf]
b[li6n] klg / Jojxf/sf] b[li6n] klg rLhnfO{ df}lns eG5f}+, hf] j}1flgs
x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f xfdLn] k|r08kynfO{ of] df}lns 5, j}1flgs 5 eg]/ eg]sf
5f}+ . Pp6f kf6f] Tof] xf] . To;sf/0fn] g]kfnL ;dfhdf hf] j:t'ut
cGt/lj/f]w / oxf“sf h'g ;d:ofx? 5g\ /fli6«otf, hgtGq / hghLjLsfsf tL
;d:ofx?nfO{ k|r08kyn] j}1flgs 9+uaf6 xn ub}{ cfO/fv]sf] 5 . j}rfl/s /
tfls{s ?kaf6 :ki6 ub}{ cfO/fv]sf 5f}+ . of] df}lns 5, j}1flgs 5 eg]/ o;
cfwf/df eg]sf xf}+ .
bf];|f] s'/f,
qmflGt eg]sf] ;TonfO{ ;xL 9+un], ;xL tl/sfn] To;nfO{ nfu" ug'{ xf] . To;sf/0fn]
of] sfof{Gjogsf] h'g kIf 5 To;nfO{ clxn] ;xL 9+un] nfu" ub}{ cfO/fv]sf
5f}+ . of] snfTds klg 5 . k|r08ky eg]sf] lj1fg / snfsf] plrt ;dfof]hg
cyjf o;nfO{ csf]{ ?kdf eGbf lj1fg / snfsf] s]Gb|Ls[t cleJolQm xf] . /,
Tof] ts{ / tYox?df xfdLn] To;nfO{ k'li6 ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5f}+ . ?; / rLgdf
h'g cGt/lj/f]wx? lyP To;;“u g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg cGt/lj/f]wx? x'ax' d]n
vf“b}gg\ . ?;–rLg ljsf;sf] h'g r/0fdf lyP– g]kfnL ;dfh Tof] :t/df
5}g . o;sf cfkm\g} df}lns ljz]iftfx? 5g\ . rLgsf] h'g ;fdflhs ;+/rgf
lyof], To;sf] cfkm\gf] Oltxf; lyof] . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;l;t, oxf“sf] ;fdflhs
;+/rgfl;t x'ax' d]n vf“b}gy] . Toxf“ w]/} leGgtfx? 5g\ .
cfwf/e"t ?kdf klg 5g\, c? ljlzi6 cy{x? klg 5g\ . To;sf/0fn] lglZrt
?kdf oL leGgtfx?n] ubf{ Toxf“ cGt/lj/f]wsf k|s[ltx? leGg–leGg 5g\ / ToxL
tl/sfn] To;nfO{ xn ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ?; / rLgsf ljz]iftfdf Toxf“sf
qmflGtsf/Lx?n], n]lggn], dfcf]n] h;/L Toxf“sf cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ xn u/]/ ;kmn
x'g'eof], To;nfO{ dfcf]jfb–n]lggjfb elgof] . oxf“ xfd|f h'g ljz]iftf /
df}lnstfx? 5g\ To;nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug'{ eg]s} k|r08ky xf] . bf];|f], Tof]
cfTd;ft\ u/]/ dfq} k'Ub}g b'lgof“nfO{ abNg'k¥of] . t/ To;nfO{ cu|ufdL
lbzflt/ cu|;/ u/fpg'k¥of] of] k|r08kysf] qmflGtsf/L kIf xf] . xfdLn]
oxf“;Dd cfOk'Ubf b]Vof}+ oxf“ o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{g eO/fv]sf 5g\ . Tof]
eg]sf] oL ;a} pynk'ynx?sf] hudf k|08ky cGt/lglxt 5 . k|r08kynfO{ xfdLn]
Pp6f dL7f] sNkgfsf] ?kdf xf]Og ls hLjgdf cg'e"lt ug'{k¥of], ;dfhdf
?kfGt/0fs} ?kdf b]Vg'k¥of] . xfdLn] b]lv/fv]sf 5f}+ b'lgof“n] b]lv/fv]sf
5g\ . g]kfndf cfh 7"nf–7"nf o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{g eO/fv]sf]
5 . k'/fgf] /fHo;+/rgf elTs/x]sf] 5 . To;sf] 7fp“df ;hLj / :jfledfg
g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ .
k|r08kyn] ljZjsf kl/36gfx?nfO{ k|efj kf5{ ls kfb}{g
<
– lgZro klg
kf5{ . k|r08ky eg]sf] of] ;DaGw g]kfn / g]kfnLl;t dfq ;DalGwt 5}g .
h;/L g]kfn cGo /fi6« / cGo d'n'sx?, ljZjsf cGo kl/j]zaf6 cnu /xg ;Sb}g To:t}
k|r08ky klg ljZjsf cGo kl/36gfx?af6 cnu /xg ;Sb}g . To;sf/0fn] of] cljefHo
5 . ljZjsf kl/36gfx?n] g]kfndf k|efj kfb{5 eg\ g]kfndf eO/x]sf kl/36gfx?n]
ljZjsf kl/36gfx?df c;/ ub{5 . logLx?sf] aLrdf cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw
5 .
To;}n] cfh
Pp6f hl6n / k|lts"n cGt/f{li6«o kl/j]z 5 . htf;'s} c“Wof/f]
b]lvG5 . of] c“Wof/f]df k|r08kyn] Pp6f lbof]sf] sfd ul//fv]sf] 5 . Tof]
s]jn g]kfnsf] nflu dfq} pHofnf] lbO/fv]sf] 5}g o;n] ljZjsf d'lQmsfdL hgtf, hf]
c“Wof/f]df lklN;/x]sf 5g\, pgLx?nfO{ klg o;n] k|sfz lbO/x]sf] 5 . of] cfh
ljZjel/sf d'lQmsfdL hgtfsf] lglDt k'~h eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] o;/L ljifonfO{
x]bf{ ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] Pp6f babaf, ;+zf]wgjfbL / cGo ljljw y/Lsf
k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] babaf / rf/}lt/sf] 3]/fx?sf] aLraf6 of] cufl8 al9/x]sf]
5 . To;sf/0f oL 3]/fx?nfO{ s;/L tf]8\g] of] c“Wof/f]nfO{ s;/L lrg]{ eGg]
k|Zg xf]– d'lQmsfdL hgtfsf] / pQ/
k|r08kyn] lbPsf] 5 . To;sf/0f ca xfdLn] k|r08kysf] lbof]nfO{ cem a9L
k|sfzjfg\ agfpg'k5{ . lbof]nfO{ cem a9L Hjfnfdo agfpg'k5{ / ;+;f/el/ h'g
c“Wof/f] 5 Toxf“ k|r08kysf] k|sfz 5g'{k5{ eGg] b[9 dfGotf xf] . d'lQmsfdL
hgtfn] klg oxL sfdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f}+ .
oxf“n] hgo'4sf] eljio s:tf] b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <
–
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf qmflGtn] hf] cu|ult lnO/x]sf] 5, h'g pknlAwx?
clxn];Dd xfl;n eO/x]sf] 5 Tof] Oltxf;df cd/ eO;s]sf] 5 . ca To;nfO{ s;}n]
klg l;Wofpg ;Sb}g . of] Pp6f P]ltxfl;s lzIffsf] ?kdf :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 .
ljsf;–k|lqmof eg]sf] cgGt x'G5 . To;sf] s'g} 6'ª\uf] x'“b}g . Tof]
cGttM k"0f{tfsf] lbzfdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] x'G5 . To;}nfO{ xfdL ljsf;
eG5f}+ . oxf“ k|ltufdL tTjx?n] hf] Pp6f if8\oGq ul//x]sf 5g\, of] ca l5§}
l;l4g]5 . of] s'g} gof“ s'/f xf]Og . ltgn] lxhf] xfdLn] hgo'4sf]
yfngL ubf{ klg tLg lbgleq l;Wofp“5f}+ eg]sf lyP / tLg dlxgfkl5 pgLx?n] ca tLg
jif{kl5 eg] . x'“bf–x'“bf ;]gf kl/rfng u/]kl5 tLg lbgleq, tLg
dlxgfleq l;l4G5 eg] . t/ oxf“ & jif{ eO;Sof] . u|fdL0f Onfsfdf
hg;Qf lgdf{0f eO;s]sf 5g\ . t/ To:tf] lsl;dsf] lbjf:jKg b]Vg' / To:tf] cfsfª\Iff
kfNg' pgLx?sf] g};lu{s rl/q xf] . xfdLn] b]v]sf] ;'Gb/ ;kgf, ;'Gb/ g]kfnsf
hgtfsf] rfxgf xf] . o;nfO{ xfdL ;fsf/ kfb}{ uO/x]sf 5f}+ .
ha;Dd xfdL;“u
lj1fg x'G5, ha;Dd lj1fgnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ xfdL;“u snf x'G5 ta;Dd xfdL;“u k|r08ky
x'G5 / cem dxfg\ pknlAwx? xfdLn] xfl;n ub}{ hfg]5f}+ / tL pknlAwx? klg ch/ /
cd/ /xg]5g\ . lgZro klg Toxf“ k/fhosf] ;Defjgf x'g] 5}g . o'4df
k/fhosf] ;Defjgf x'G5 . l;Sbf uNtL x'g] ;Defjgf klg x'G5 . t/
k/fhox?n] xfdLnfO{ sdhf]/ kfb}{gg\ a? xfdLnfO{ cem dha'b agfp“5g\ .
k]l/; sDo'gsf
dhb'/x?sf] k/fho eof] t/ k]l/; sDo'g l;l4Psf] 5}g . g]kfndf u|fdL0f
Onfsfdf k]l/; sDo'gx? hlGdPsf 5g\ . k]l/; sDo'gx? lr¨sf¨;f¨ kj{tx? x'“b}
g]kfndf hlGdPsf 5g\ . t/ o;sf] hGd cem gof“ prfOdf ePsf] 5 . xfdLn]
k]l/; sDo'gsf uNtLx?nfO{ ;Rofof}+– hf] rLg / ?;df Toxf“sf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] u/]sf
lyP . c1fgtfa; / cg'ejsf] sdLsf] sf/0fn] ltgLx?n] u/]sf] uNtLnfO{ xfdLn]
;Rofof}+ / To;nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ h'g prfO;Dd pgLx? k'u]sf lyP, Tof] prfOaf6
xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{ cem cufl8 a9fof}+ / xfdL oxf“;Dd cfOk'u]sf 5f}+ .
lgZro klg JolQm eg]sf] cd/ x'“b}g– hgtf ch/–cd/ x'G5 . cfpg] gof“ lk+9Ln]
xfd|f sdLsdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;Rofpg] 5g\ . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;n] k|fKt u/]sf
pknlAwx?nfO{ cem gof“ prfOdf p7fpg]5g\ .
‘hgfb]z’dfkm{t\ g]kfnL hg;d'bfonfO{ s] ;Gb]z lbg rfxg'
x'G5 <
–
ca g]kfnL hgtfnfO{, xfd|f lbbL–alxgL, bfh'–efOx?nfO{ d s] eGg rfxG5' eg]
xfdLn] lj1fgdf ljZjf; ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] qmflGtdf ljZjf; ug'{k5{, cfkm\gf]
zlQmdf ljZjf; ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{ lrGg'k5{ / cfkm"leq /x]sf]
ch]o zlQmnfO{ lrGg ;Sof}+ eg] xfd|f] cufl8 hf] afwf 5 / k|ltufdL tTjx? 5g\
ltgLx?nfO{ xfdL Ps}l5gdf w"nf]kL7f] kfg{ ;S5f}+ . clxn]sf] jftf{–k|lqmofdf
cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] h'g rfxgf cfd hg;d'bfon] ul//x]sf 5g\ Tof] nIo xfdLn] k"/f
ug]{5f}+ . wGojfb †
jftf{6f]nLåf/f
/fhwfgLsf h]n lg/LIf0f
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] jftf{6f]nLn] ut z'qmaf/ /fhwfgLsf ;Dk"0f{
h]nx?sf] e|d0f u/L h]n lg/LIf0f ug'{sf] ;fy} /fhaGbLx?;“u e]63f6 u/]sf]
5 . e]63f6sf cj;/df dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] ;Dk"0f{
/fhaGbLx?nfO{ kf6L{sf ;jf]{Rr g]tf cWoIf s= k|r08n] xflb{s clejfbgsf] ;Gb]z
k7fpg'ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
jftf{6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd
e§/fO{, ;b:ox? /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -jfbn_, b]j u'?Ë / dft[sf ofbj h]n lg/LIf0fdf
hfg'x'“bf cf:yfsf aGbLx?n] km"ndfnf / cjL/ Pjd\ xftn] a'g]sf 9fsf 6f]kL
nufOlbP/ :jfut clegGbg u/]sf lyP . ;f] qmddf /fhaGbLx?n] dfcf]jfbLkIf
cToGt} nlrnf] eP/ OdfGbf/ 9+un] jftf{df nflu/x]sf] t/ ;QfkIfn] cfrf/;+lxtf
pNnª\3g ug]{ sfd ul//x]sf] hgfp“b} b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf /x]/ dfq ;Demf}tf ug{
jftf{6f]nLnfO{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP .
h]n e|d0fsf qmddf s]Gb|Lo
sf/uf/df /jLGb| >]i7, afns[i0f 9'+u]n / ljzfn v8\sfn] h]nleqsf
ufltljlwx?af/] hfgsf/L u/fp“b} ;'emfj k]z ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To:t} eb|uf]n
h]ndf lji0f' e§, kj{t/fh e§/fO{ / sdngfy vgfn Pj+ dlxnf h]ndf nIdL >]i7,
;l/tf nfdf / /]0f'sf rf}nfufO{n] /fhaGbLx?sf] tkm{af6 af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .
gVv' s/fuf/df jfdb]j If]qL / k|]d jfOaf, ;b/vf]/ l8NnLahf/ sf/fuf/df lji0f'
rf}nfufO{ / rGb|k|;fb kf]v/]nn] /fhaGbLx?sf
tkm{af6 cfÏgf egfOx? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] qmddf jftf{6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f=
afa'/fd e§/FO{;lxt jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:ox?n] dGtJo JoSt ub}{ jt{dfg jftf{–k|lqmof
/ kf6L{sf ultljlwaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . To:t} ut cfOtaf/
jftf{6f]nL ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -afbn_n] lrtjgsf] sf/fuf/ lg/LIf0f ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .
o;}aLr xfn}
eb|aGbLu[x / s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/sf aGbLx?n] jt{dfgdf cToGt} Go"g ePsf] ;Lbf
/sd a[l4 ug{ / a9\bf] dxª\uL lgoGq0f ug{ dfu ub}{ h]n k|zf;g;dIf 1fkgkq
a'emfPsf 5g\ . aGbLx?sf dfu tTsfn k"/f gul/P cfGbf]ngdf pqg afWo x'g]
s'/f 1fkg kqdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
klZrddf a[xb[ ;f“:s[lts e]nf
klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08cGtu{t
ljz]if If]qsf] k|yd a[xb\ ;f“:s[lts e]nf oxL r}q @!–@$ ;Dd bfËdf ;DkGg ePsf]
;dfrf/ 5 . clvn g]kfn hg;f“:s[lts ;+3cGtu{t kg]{ ;f] ;f“:s[lts e]nfsf]
pb\3f6g ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnLn] Ps ;df/f]xaLr ug'{eof] .
klZrd If]qsf] nf]slk|o
;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ k|lt/f]w ;f“:s[lts ;d"xsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg e]nfdf af]Nb}
O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnLn] eGg'eof]– dxfg\ zxLbx? ef}lts ?kdf xfdL;“u x'g'x'Gg t/
pxf“x?n] /f]k]sf dxfg\ ljrf/x? xfdL;“u 5g\ . olb zxLbx?n] alnbfg gu/]sf]
eP, /ut gaufPsf] eP cfh xfdL gof“ ;Qfsf] of] cEof; ug{ ;Sb}gYof}+ . k|d'v
cltlysf] cf;gaf6 af]Nb} 1jfnLn] cfd hgtf g} snfsf/ x'g\, >i6f x'g\ / pgLx?n]
g} snf lgdf{0f ug]{ atf“pb} snf / ;flxTodf /fhgLlt a'em] eg] hgtfx? ;r]t x'G5g\
eg]/ k|ltlqmofjfbLx? snf / ;flxTodf /fhgLlt x'g'x'“b}g eG5g\, t/ xfdL snf /
;flxTodfkm{t\ hgtfnfO{ /fhg}lts ?kdf ;r]t kf5f}{+ eGg'eof] .
hgtfsf] b'Mv, j]bgf / jxnfO{
kf]Vg] ;flxTo xfd|f] ;flxTo xf] . h;n] snf / ;flxTodfkm{t\ ;dfhnfO{ abNg
rfxG5 To:tf] kN6gnfO{ ;f“:s[lts kN6g eG5f}+ eGb} k|d'v cltly 1jfnLn] eGg'eof]–
æzfifsx? xfd|f sndb]lv 8/fp“5g\, sndhLljb]lv 8/fp“5g\ To;}n] d'n'sdf
;ª\s6sfnsf] ;'?df g} /fhwfgLaf6 sndhLjLx?nfO{ lu/Ïtf/ ul/of] .
s'ndfg a'9fsf] ;efkltTj / n]sfnL v8\sfsf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf
z'esfdgf dGtJo lb+b} qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;Gtf]if a'9f du/n]
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] lj?4 n8\g] qmddf ;f“:s[lts df]rf{sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf
/xg] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] cufl8 eGg'eof]– cfh dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] h'g
cu|ufdL af6f] b]vfPsf] 5 To;sf] lj?4df clxn] ufp“ufp“df unt dfG5]sf] rnv]n
a9]sf] / Tof] unt rnv]nnfO{ kbf{kmf; ug{ ufp“ufp“df ;f“:s[lts cleofg
rnfpg'k5{ .
c=g]=d= ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf hok'/L 3tL{n] Oltxf;df /fHon]
slxNo} klg clwsf/ ;lhn} x:tfGt/0f gu/]sf] atfp“b} cfÏgf] clwsf/ vf];]/
lng'k5{ eGg\'eof] .
;F]xL ;df/f]xdf
c=g]=ls ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf lzj/fh uf}tdn] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] nflu
snfsf/ / ;flxTosf/x?sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf /xg] atfp“b} hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf]
nflu ;f“:s[lts kN6gsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . bfË
hg;/sf/ k|d'v s'j]/ jnLn] b]z jftf{do ePsf] cj:yfdf d'n'snfO{ :yfoL zflGtsf]
lbzfdf nfg ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf pleg ;a}nfO{ cfJxfg ug'{ eof] .
klZrd If]qsf ;a} ;f“:s[lts
kl/jf/x?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] ;f]xL ;f“:s[lts e]nfnfO{ g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ bfË
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L 8fod08, hgfb]z ;fKtflxssf sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs lvnaxfb'/ e08f/L,
k"jf{~rn sdf08cGtu{tsf If]qLo ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ ;+of]hs dfOnf nfdf,
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /]zd k'g, k"j{sf] ;f“:s[lts
6f]nL z}n'ª kl/jf/sf h'un, ;]g–Rofª ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf l5GtfËnufotn] ;+af]wg
ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
pb\3f6g ;df/f]xkZrft\ ;DkGg
aGb z];gn] ljleGg k|:tfjx? kfl/t ub}{ s'ndfg a'9fsf] cWoIftfdf @( ;b:oLo
k|lt/f]w ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ If]qLo ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 .
e]nfsf] cGTodf oxL r}t @$ ut]
bfËsf] a]nem'08Ldf ljzfn hg;d"xaLr 3f]if0ff ;ef ;DkGg eof] . 3f]if0ff
;efdf /f]rs ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd ;d]t k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
g]kfn
/ ef/tsf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+o'Qm ckLn
O/fsdfly
cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf] eT;{gf / k|lt/f]w u/f}+
cd]l/sL
tyf a]nfotL ;fdfgx? blIf0f Pl;ofdf alxisf/ u/f}+
@@ dfr{sf] laxfg}b]lv cd]l/sL ;]gfn] O/fsdfly
;3g cfqmd0f u/]sf] 5 . of] aa{/ / cGofok"0f{ o'4 /fi6«sf]
;fj{ef}ldstf vl08t ug]{ x:tIf]ksf/L l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t 5 . o;sf ;fy}
cd]l/sfsf] O/fsL t]n If]qdf sAhf hdfpg] cltjfbL ;f]r klg xf] . / ;+;f/el/
cfkm\gf] cltdxfzlQmsf] k|e'Tj nfb\g] of]hgf xf] . ;Eotfsf] gfddf ;+;f/dfly
cd]l/sL bf;tf nfb\g] p2]Zo xf] . of] o'4n] 7"nf] kl/df0fdf hLjg /
;DklQ gfz t x'G5 g} ;fy} O/fsdflysf] P]ltxfl;s ;Eotfsf] klg ljgfz ug]{5 .
of] k|hftGq / cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gdfly ;fd|fHojfbL / To;l;t uf“l;Psf zlQmx?sf]
n"6, xTof, lu/km\tf/Låf/f anfTsf/ xf] . vngfos cd]l/sL ;/sf/ / To;sf]
;fem]bf/ la|6]gn] ;fj{ef}d /fi6«sf ;/sf/x?dfly dfGotfsf] 3f]/ pNnª\3g xf] .
of] :d/0fLo 5 ls O/fsn] UNOsf xltof/lg/LIf0f ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ lg0f{ox?
dfg]sf] 5 / cd]l/sf O/fsåf/f lbPsf] xltof/sf] r'gf}lt ;fljt ug{ c;kmn ePsf]
5 . o;af6 :ki6 ePsf] 5 ls cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb UNO nfO{ cfkm\gf] cf}hf/ jf
cfkm\gf OR5f k"/f ug]{ ;fwgsf ?kdf pkof]u ub}{5 . o'4lj/f]wL
ljZjJofkL nfvf}+ hg;d"xsf] lj/f]w k|bz{gn] c;xh jftfj/0f l;h{gf ePsfn] a'z
ljZjel/ algof“lu/L ub}{ cfkm\gf] bf;tf / ck/fw ePsfn] ;dy{gsf] ;fª\s]lts lrGx
k|fKt ug{ vf]Hb}5 . p;n] ;xof]usf] 6f]s/LnfO{ nHhf:kb s]xL /fi6«x?sf]
;dy{gsf] ?kdf k|of]u u/]sf] 5 . a]nfotdf 6f]gL An]o/sf] ;/sf/ klg
o'4lj/f]wL k|bz{gsf] a]usf] ;fdgf ub}{ efjL kl/0flt / vt/fsf] a]jf:tf;fy
cGw;dy{gdf O/fslj?4 nfu]sf] 5 . ;3g o'4lj/f]wL k|bz{gn] w]/} /fi6«nfO{
cfkm\gf] cd]l/sL k/:ttfdfly k'glj{rf/ ug{ afWo kf/]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfnL cGt/f{li6«o
dfGotfsf] k|hftflGqs d's'08f]nfO{ ;d]t Roft]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gnfO{
k}tnfd'lg s'Nr]sf] / UNO sf] lg0f{onfO{ /2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf km\of“s]sf] 5 .
o;n] /fhg}lts / t]nsf] :jfy{o'Qm nfdf] ofqf b]vfp“5 . O/fsL hgtf / ;/sf/ #
nfveGbf a9L cd]l/sL / a]nfotL ;]gflj?4sf] o'4df w]/} dfly /x]sf] 5 . o;sf
afah'b klg ls k|z:t hn;]gf, xhf/f}+ hxfh / o'4sljdfg jL/ O/fsL hgtf hf]
/Qmkftk"0f{ o'4 / x:tIf]klj?4 nl8/x]sf, k|lt/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\– xfd|f]
xflb{s ;dy{g / ;xof]u rfx]sf 5g\ . ljZjel/ g} cft+sjfbsf] ;dflKt ug]{ ?jfO
s]jn Pp6f ;+;f/sf] g]t[Tj xTofpg] u'?of]hgfsf] ;dy{g ug]{ w]/} ePgg\ / hgtfn]
klg o'4–k|of;lj?4 o'4 g} lgZro u/]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sf ?;, hd{g, k|mfG; / c?
w]/} /fi6«sf] ;f]emf] ;dy{g h'6fpg c;dy{ ePsf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfb;“u klZrdL
/fi6«sf] ;+nUgtfaf6 6fl9g] ljZj kl/b[Zosf] pNn]vgLo :j?k xf] . of]
cGt/lj/f]w efjL lbgx?sf] b[9 cfzo xf] . cd]l/sf / klZrdflj?4 k|bz{gsf]
Hjf/ef6f cfhsf] c;fwf/0f ;sf/fTds b[Zo xf] . ;+;f/el/sf hgtfn] cfkm\gf]
k|bz{gaf/] zlQmzfnL cd]l/sfåf/f /lrt o'4f]Gdfblj?4 k|lt/f]wsf] t'kmfgL a]u
k|bz{g ub}{5g\ . ef/tLo ;/sf/ cd]l/sL o'4gLltsf] ljkIfdf / ef/tsf] lubf]{
g"/n] k'gM ef/t ;fd|fHojfbsf] kfpdf ;dlk{t ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 .
O/fsdfly cfqmd0fkl5 ;+;f/sf hgtfsf] PsgDa/ b'Zdg a'zaf6 g]t[Tj ul/Psf] cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfb ;+;f/e/s} ;/sf/nfO{ …;xof]uÚ sfl6lbg] / c? ;xdlt tf]l8lbg] r'gf}lt
lbO/x]sf] 5 . ha 6sL{n] cd]l/sL ;]gfnfO{ :jfoQ If]q pknAw u/fpg c:jLsf/
u¥of] s]xL a]/d} & s/f]8 8n/ s6f}ltsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . lxhf] dfq}
a'zn] jfhk]oL;“u hf] …:jb]zL a|f08 elgG5Ú ;“u jftf{ u/L aLh]kLnfO{ ;fd|fHojfbsf]
kfpdf em'sfPsf] 5 / x:tIf]k o'4sf] kIfdf kf/]sf] 5 . ha cd]l/sf / a]nfotn]
cfqmd0f ;'? u/] aLh]kLn] Pp6f jQmJodfkm{t\ cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf/L gLlt;dIf
cTd;dk{0f u/]sf] 5 . Tof] :jb]zL aLh]kL ;/sf/sf] sfo{qmd r'gf}ltdf k/]sf]
5 . ef/tLo ;+zf]wgjfbLx? CPI (M) / To:t} g]kfnsf ;+zf]wgjfbL Pdfn]h:tf
zlQmx? klg ;fd|fHojfblj?4 ;ª\3if{nfO{ cftª\sjfblj/f]wL n8fO“sf gfddf lg/:q kfg{
rfxG5g\, ha ls pgLx? ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL eGg 5f]8\b}gg\ .
cd]l/sLaf6 To:t} ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?nfO{ O/fsL
;/sf/ lu/fpg] s'g} clwsf/ 5}g . O/fsL hgtfsf] cfkm\gf lbzf cfkm} lgwf{/0f
ug]{ clwsf/ vf]l;Psf] 5 . ljz]if u/L xfdL g]kfn / ef/t tyf ;+;f/sf
;j{xf/fju{nfO{ ckLn ug{ rfxG5f}+ ls– of] cGofok"0f{ / ck/fwL o'4lj?4
k|lt/f]w / lj/f]w u/f}+ . xfdL o; ;Gbe{df bafj l;h{gf ug{ blIf0f Pl;ofsf ;d:t
hgtfnfO{ cd]l/sL / a]nfotL ;fdfgx? alxisf/ u/]/ x:tIf]ksf/Llj?4 k|lt/f]wsf]
;fª\s]lts ;dy{g ug{ ckLn ub{5f}+ . ;fd|fHojfb eGg' o'4sf] csf]{ gfd
xf] . xfdL ;a} ;fd|fHojfbL k4ltnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ clGtd;Dd n8\g cfx\jfg
ub{5f}+ . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] gfz xf];\ .
-g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
sf kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o s= uf}/j / ef/tLo sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfn]_ -lkk'N;jf/_
sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o s= k|bLkåf/f xfn} hf/L k|];–jQmAosf] k"0f{ kf7_
dfcf]jfbLåf/f s[lif tflnd
lbOof]
sflnsf]6÷
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ s[lif ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf xfn} sflnsf]6 / afh'/fsf ljleGg
ufp“df !* hgfnfO{ s[lif;DaGwL tflnd lbOPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
s[lif
Ao'/f] ;b:o bLks s]=;L=åf/f tflnd lbOPsf] pQm s[lif;DaGwL cu'jf:t/Lo sfo{qmddf
s/];faf/L, tfhf t/sf/L pTkfbg, t/sf/L aLpm pTkfbg, kmnkm"n, au}+rf, n]sfnL
kmnkm"n v]tL, a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tL, lxp“b] / jif]{ afnL, s'v'/fkfng;DaGwL
tflnd lbg'sf ;fy} tL afnLdf nfUg] /f]u, sL/f cflbsf] klxrfg, /f]u pGd"ng
tyf ;d:of ;dfwfg ljlw cf}iflwx?sf] hfgsf/L / k|of]u ug]{ ljlw, /f;folgs dn /
sDkf]i6 dn;DaGwL hfgsf/L / k|of]u ug]{ ljlw cflbh:tf ljifox?df ;}4flGts tyf
Jofjxfl/s tflnd lbOPsf] ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
xfd|f]
;dfhdf s[lifsf] If]qdf k'/fgf] lsl;dsf] ;+:sf/ tyf k|ljlwn] pTkfbg / cy{tGqdf
x«f; cfPsf] / pTkfbg a9fpgsf] lglDt gof“ / j}1flgs k|ljlw ckgfpg cfjZos ePsf]
x'“bf pQm tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] cfof]hs kIfn] atfPsf] 5 .
lrtjg÷cg]d;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ lrtjgn] lrtjgdf hf“8–/S;L / h'jftf;lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngnfO{ k|efjsf/L?kdf
;~rfng ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 .
xfn}
Ps ;fj{hlgs ckLn k|sflzt u/L ljqm]tf, pTkfbs Pjd\ pkef]QmfnfO{ dlb/f;DaGwL
;Dk"0f{ sfo{ tTsfn aGb ug{ clN6d]6d lbPsf] 5 .
hf“8/S;L,
h'jftf;n] ;dfhdf ljs[lt / lj;+ultnfO{ a9fjf lbO/x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ ;d'Ggt / ;Eo
;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu ;+u7gn] dlb/flj/f]wL cfGbf]ng ;~rfng u/]sf]df hf]8 lb+b}
ckLndf cfkm\gf] ;+u7gsf] cfu|xnfO{ a]jf:tf ug]{ hf]–sf]xLdfly klg ;+u7gn] ;Vt
sfjf{xL ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 .
*
dfr{b]lv cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] dlb/flj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] k|rf/–k|;f/
xfn lrtjgJofkL?kdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .
o;}qmddf
lrtjgsf ufp“–ufp“df qmflGtsf/L dlxnfx?n] h'jfsf vfnx? sAhf u/L h'jf8]x?nfO{
dfkmL dfUg nufPsf 5g\ eg] h“8\ofxfx?nfO{ r]tfjgL lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
:d/0f/xf];\, ut jif{ c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_n] lrtjgnfO{ dlb/f lgif]lwt lhNnf
3f]if0ff ug{ ;~rfng u/]sf] cfGbf]ngn] Jofks hg;dy{g k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] .
o; jif{ ljutdf eGbf Jofkstfsf ;fy hgefjgf cg'?k k|efjsf/L?kdf cfGbf]ngnfO{
cufl8 a9fpg] ;+u7gsL lhNnf cWoIf lvdf l/dfnn] hgfb]znfO{ atfpg'eof] .
ufO{3f6÷ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt pbok'/sf] cfof]hgfdf xfn} g]kfn6f/df lhNnf:t/Lo uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng
;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . …zflGtk"0f{ cu|ufdL lgsf;sf nflu cGtl/d ;/sf/
/ ;+ljwfg ;efÚ ljifodf ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sf+u|];afx]s cGo /fhgLlts
bnx? Pdfn], /fk|kf / g]sf -k|hftflGqs_sf k|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf dfgjclwsf/jfbL, jlsn, kqsf/ tyf af}l4sx?sf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] .
;'/Iff lgsfo;“u ;Da4 JolQmx?nfO{ klg cf;g u|x0f u/fOPsf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?n]
kf6L{nfO{ cfnf]rgfTds ;'emfj lbg'sf ;fy} dxTjk"0f{ lh1f;fx? klg /fv]sf]
dfcf]jfbL kIfn] hgfPsf] 5 .
clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_ sf] SofDk; PsfO e]nf
u'nl/of÷clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ aaO ax'd'vL
SofDk; PsfO e]nf xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o sdn zfxLn] jt{dfg
l:ylt, ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] :j?k / e"ldsfsf ljifodf cGtlqm{ofTds 5nkmn;lxt
k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] PsfO e]nfn] uf]kfn kf}8\ofnsf] ;+of]hsTjdf
!% ;b:oLo PsfO ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . h;df ;ldltsf cGo ;b:ox?df kbd
l/hfn, czf]s kf]v/]n, k/z'/fd vgfn, 6Lsf rf}w/L, sfn' rf}w/L, jL/axfb'/ yf?,
gGb/fd /fo, /0faxfb'/ rf}w/L, dflns/fd rf}w/L, wgaxfb'/ yfkf, axfb'/ yf?,
gGbaxfb'/ rf}w/L /xg'ePsf] 5 .
hfh/sf]6÷ xfn} hfh/sf]6sf]
sfsL{ufp“ uf=h=;= sf] gf/fo0fL df=lj=df ljzfn blnt ;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf g]kfn
blnt d'lQm df]rf{ hfh/sf]6sf] k|yd lhNnf e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
eLdaxfb'/ g]kfnLn] ;+rfng ug'{ ePsf] pQm
e]nfsf] cWoIftf uf]kfn lj=s=n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] :jfut efif0f anaxfb'/
lj=s=n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] e]nfn] uf]kfn lj=s=sf] cWoIftfdf !$ ;b:oLo
lhNnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf ledaxfb'/ g]kfnL, ;lrj anaxfb'/
lj=s, ;x–;lrj pl4df lj=s=, sf]iffWoIf n]vaxfb'/ g]kfnL, ;b:ox? t'n;f lj=s=,
rGb|axfb'/ lj=s= a'l4axfb'/ g]kfnL, k|j]z lj=s=, P]efg lj=s=, s0f{axfb'/ rgf/f,
cljnfn rgf/f, anaxfb'/ kl/of/ / hgs g]kfnL /xg'ePsf] 5 .
gj lgjf{lrt lhNnf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{
clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7g lhNnf ;ldlt hfh/sf]6sf pk]Gb| Wjh, c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;lrj kfj{tL uf}td, h'gL gd'gf ljBfnosf lzIfs lxdfno, du/ft
d'lQm df]rf{ lhNnf cWoIf kbdaxfb'/ k'g / Pl/of g+= ^ sf OGrfh{ s= d'lQmn]
z'esfdgf dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=zfGtn] z'esfdgfs} qmddf
/fHo;Qf kl/jt{g gul/sg blnt ;d'bfosf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ c;Dej 5 . ctM blnt
cfGbf]ngnfO{ juL{o cfGbf]ng;+u hf]8]/ lng' kg]{ atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm
sfo{qmdsf] aLraLrdf h'gL hg ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ hfh/sf]6sf snfsld{x?n] lut /
g[Toåf/f xnnfO{ u'~hfodfg agfPsf lyof] .
hfh/sf]6÷g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ;ftf}+
jflif{sf]T;jsf] zxLb ;Ktfx sfo{qmdsf] aLrdf kmfu'g @! ut] hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf
uf=h=;= sf] d}b]df clegGbg sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
lhNnf kf6L{ ;lrjfno ;b:o s=k|ljgn] ;+rfng
ug'{ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf :jfut s=lgndn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj lhNnf
;]qm]6/L s=zfGtn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . c=g]=d= ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ If]qLo ;ldlt
;b:o ;ljtf l;+xn] klg ;f] sfo{qmddf af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly
lhNnf kf6L{ OGrfh{ s=kf/zd0fLn] %)÷^) zxLbx?sf kl/jf/hgx?nfO{ clegGbg u/]/
;Ddfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;Daf]wgsf qmddf s=kf/zd0fLn] If]tL ljgfsf]
pknlAwsf] dfu ug'{ eg]sf] kfgL ljgfsf] ;d'Gb|sf] df5f vf]Hg' ;/x xf]
eGg'eof] . pxf“n] cf7 xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf jL/ zxLbx?n] aufPsf] /utsf] pRr
kl/0ffd g} clxn]sf] jftf{ k|;¨ xf] . To:tf jL/ zxLbx?sf] alnbfgLnfO{
kf6L{n] ;b}j pRr sb/ ug]{ s'/f atfp“b} tTsfnLg kl/j]z ;lxt uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGt/Ld ;/sf/ / ;lDjwfg ;efsf] r'gfj clxn]sf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZoQmf ePsf] ljZn]if0f
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cleglGbt jL/ zxLb xs{axfb'/ lj=s= -s=kf08j_ sL
>LdtL -s=aljtf_, zxLb s=nId0f v8\sfsL >LdtL hof v8\sfn] klg af]Ng'ePsf]
lyof] . ;efkltsf] cf;gaf6 s=zfGtn] jL/ zxLbx?n] b]vfPsf] af6f] / lbPsf]
lzIffnfO{ cfTdf;fy ub}{ To;nfO{ dfu{bz{ssf] ?kdf u|x0f u/L pxf“x?n] ;'Dk]sf]
cljef/f xfdL ar]sfx?n] k"/f ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;dfkg
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
hfh/sf]6÷;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldlt Pl/of g+= * sf]
cfof]hgfdf vn+uf uf=h=;= $ l/Dgfsf] k|f=lj=sf] k|f¨0fdf ljzfn hg;d'bfosf]
pkl:yltdf ut kmfu'g !$ ut] hg;ef sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmd z'? x'g'
eGbf cufl8 afhfufhfsf ;fy xftdf em08f, Jofg/ lnP/ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/
/ ;lDawfg–;efsf] r'gfjsf kIfdf uuge]bL gf/f nufp“b} 7fp“ 7fp“ af6 h'n'; cfPsf]
lyof] .
emns /f0ffn] ;+rfng ug'{ ePsf] hg;efsf]
;efkltTj ejfgLk|;fb zdf{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldlt hfh/sf]6sf
;b:o anaxfb'/ cf]nLn] :jfut efif0f ug'{ ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf dxfg\ hgo'4sf jL/
zxLbx?sf cfkmGthgx? nufot dfgjclwsf/jfbL / kqsf/x?sf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] .
lhNnf ;+o'Qm hg ;ldlt hfh/sf]6n] hg lx/f;tdf
/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ /fhaGbLx?nfO{ l/xfO{ tyf h3Go d'2f nfu]sf JolQmx? ;d]tnfO{
d'Qm ul/lbPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;lDawfg–;efsf] r'gfj
jt{dfg cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] dfu{ ePsf] / olta]nf h'g bn, kf6L{, ;+3–;+:yf
:jtGqtfsf] gfddf kfvf nfU5 clxn]sf] jftf{ lj/f]wL Tolx x'g]5 / o;sf] lhDdf klg
To;}n] lng] s'/f ;Daf]wgsf qmddf k|d'v cltly 7uaxfb'/ /fgfn] eGg'ePsf]
lyof] . du/f“t d'lQm df]rf{sf cWoIf kbd axfb'/ k'g / g]kfn blnt d'lQm
df]rf{sf lhNnf cWoIf uf]naxfb'/ lj=s=n] klg ;f] sfo{qmddf af]Ng' ePsf]
lyof] .
aLraLrdf h'lg hg–;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n]
uLt / g[Toåf/f pkl:yt hg;d'bfonfO{ :jfut tyf dgf]/~hg k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] .
o;}u/L clvn g]kfn hg;f“:s[lts ;+3 cGt/ut h'lg
hg ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ hfh/sf]6åf/f lhNnfJofkL ?kdf xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf
;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 . xfn;Dd k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/
hultk'/sf] s'b', e'/sf] 3f]/]g]6f, a'?¨], sfsL{ufp“, k'Gdf, l5k|]gf,
h'+ufyfkfrf}/, sf]tf{ª, bx, khf?, 3/¨f, sf]Nrf}/, l8+uf, afx'gyfgf, l/Dgf,
d}b], kfnL, sNktnufotsf 7fp“x?df cfºgf k|:t'tLx? b]vfO{ ;s]sf] s'/f snfsf/
atfp“5g\ .