– ;L=kL= uh'/]n
s]xL dlxgfsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] lg0f{osf] lvNnL
p8fp“b} ljZjsf] oltv]/sf] Ps dfq dxfzlQm cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / To;sf] nfdf] ;dob]lvsf]
dltof/ j]nfotL ;fd|fHojfbsf] ;+o'Qm ;]gfn] hh{ a'zsf] g]t[Tjdf cGttM O/fsdf oxL
dfr{ @), @))# -@)%( ;fn r}q ^_ b]lv leif0f cfs|d0f ;'? u/]sf] 5 . xfsfxfsL
anldRofO“af6 ;'? ul/Psf] of] cfqmfds o'4n] jt{dfg ljZjnfO{ g} ems\emSofOlbPsf]
5 . nfdf] ;dob]lv dxflgb|fdf ;'t]sf klZrdL b]zsf hgtfnfO{ klg of] cfttfoL
o'4n] Ao'“emfOlbPsf] 5 . O/fs dfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ ljZjs} l:ylt s] x'g]
xf] / of] ljZj g} stf lt/ hfg] xf] < eGg] k|Zg ;a}sf ;fd' pkl:yt ePsf] 5 .
Oltxf;d} ljZjnfO{ cTolws k|efljt kfg]{ of] o'4 g} oltv]/sf] ljZj /fhgLltsf]
s]Gb|df /x]sf] 5 . k|:t't n]v klg oxL ljZj rlr{t 36gfd} s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 .
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] j}wtfdf k|ZglrGxM
;+o'Qm
/fi6« ;+3n] cd]l/sfs} ldn]dtf]df sfd ub}{ cfPsf] s'/f ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . ;+o'Qm
/fi6« ;+3sf] vr{ w]/}h;f] cd]l/sfn] g} Aoxf]g]{ ePsfn] cfkm\gf] kIfdf sfd g u/]
vr{ /f]ls lbg] wDsL lbP/ klg cd]l/sfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ cfkm\gf] clwgdf /fVb}
cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . tyflk, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifbnfO{ v'nf r'gf}lt
lbP/ jf To;sf] lg0f{osf] v'nf cj1f u/]/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3s} csf]{ Pp6f ;b:o b]z
dfly hh{ a'z P08 sDkgLn] h;/L cfqmd0f u/]sf] 5, To;n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] j}wtf
/ cl:tTjdfly g} uDeL/ k|ZglrGx nfu]sf] 5 .
Ps
dfq clt dxfzlQm cd]l/sfsf] /fi6«klt hh{ a'zsf]] 3d08n] r'/ eP/ u/]sf] of] x'+sf/nfO{
oxf“ pNn]v ug'{ ;fGble{s x'g]5 . ;'/Iff kl/ifbdf ax'dt4f/f cd]l/sfsf]
k|:tfjnfO{ cl:jsf/ ul/g] ePkl5 cd]l/sf / a]nfotn] bf];|f] k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{
cf“6 ug{ ;s]gg\ . tt\kZrft\ a'zsf] of] egfO ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] …cfkm\gf]
/fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] lglZrttfsf nflu zlQmsf] k|of]u ug'{ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] ;fj{ef}lds
clwsf/ xf] .Ú hxf“;Dd cd]l/sfsf] cfGtl/s ;'/Iffsf] k|Zg 5, O/fsaf6 To;
k|sf/sf] s'g} vt/f gePsf] s'/f hf]–s;}n] klg a'em\g ;S5 . ;j{k|yd t O/fs
/ cd]l/sfaLrsf] b"/L g} olt 6f9f 5 ls clxn];Dd b'lgof“df To:tf] s'g}
If]Kof:q lg:s]sf] 5}g, h;n] olt nfdf] b"/Lsf] df/ ug{ ;sf];\ . olb To;
k|sf/sf] If]Kof:q of] b'lgof“df ePsf] eP Tof] cd]l/sf;“u} x'g] lyof] / olb
cd]l/sf;“u To; k|sf/sf] If]Kof:q ePsf] eP cd]l/sfn] O/fsnfO{ cfh xf]Og ;g\
!((! d} Wj:t kfl/;Sg] lyof] . hh{ a'zn] nufpg] u/]sf] csf]{ kmQ'/ xf], O/fs;“u
h}ljs / /f;folgs xltof/ 5 / Tof] xltof/ p;n] cn sfObf h:tf ;+u7gnfO{ pknJw u/fpg
;S5 . of] kmQ'/sf] v08g :jod\ of] tYon] ub{5 ls ;2fdsf] cn sfobf ;+u eGg]
k|:tfjnfO{ /5\ofgdf kmfn]/ PstkmL{ o'4 h;/L cd]l/sfn] ;'? u/]sf] 5, To;af6 ;'/Iff
kl/ifbdf Pp6f g}lts ;ª\s6 v8f ePsf] 5 . s]xL lbg cl3 a;]sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«
;+3sf] a}7sdf ?;, k|mfG; / rLgn] …t'?Gt
o'4lj/fd x'g'k5{Ú eGg] k|:tfj cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . t/, cd]l/sf / a]nfotn] To;
dfly s'g} ;'gjfO u/]gg\ / o'4 lj/fdsf] ;Defjgfsf] klg l;w} c:jLsf/ u/] . o;
k|sf/, ca ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] j}wflgstf / cf}lrTotfdfly uDeL/ k|Zg v8f ePsf] 5 .
oBlk ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 g} /xg] ls g/xg] eGg] axz ;'? eOxfn]sf] t 5}g, t/ o;sf]
j}wflgstf / cf}lrTotf vt/fdf k/]sf] s'/f eg] ;xh} a'em\g ;lsG5 .
;Qf kl/jt{g ug]{ clwsf/ s;nfO{ 5 <
o'4sf]
3f]if0ff ug]{ a]nfdf cd]l/sfn] …O/fsnfO{ h}ljs / /f;folgs xltof/af6 lgMz:q u/fpg]Ú
s'/f u/]sf] lyof] . Psk6s a'zsf km6fxf sdf08/x?n] …h}ljs xltof/sf] e08f/
km]nf kf/]sf]Ú xf]–xNnf u/]/ ;f“Rr} g} ;2fd x';]g;“u o; k|sf/sf xltof/
/x]5g\ Sof/] eGg] e|d kf/]/ cfkm"n] ;'? u/]sf] cGofok"0f{ o'4sf]
cf}lrTotf k|dfl0ft ug{ vf]h]sf lyP . t/ Tof] em"6 s'/f rf“8} g} ljZj
;fd' pbfª\u eof] / clxn] pgLx? Tof] s'/f p7fpg} 5f8]sf 5g\ . clxn] hh{ a'z
/ pgsf] cf7kxl/of 6f]gL An]o/ Ps :j/df …of] o'4sf] p2]Zo O/fssf] ;Qf kl/jt{g
ug'{ xf], ;2fdnfO{ ;QfRo't ug'{' xf]Ú egL v'n]cfd cfkm\gf cf}krfl/s sfo{qmddf
jsfnt ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;2fd x';]g 7Ls xf] ls a]7Ls eGg] k|Zg cs}{ k|Zg xf] .
t/, Pp6f ;fj{ef}d ;Qf ;DkGg /fi6« O/fssf] /fi6«kltnfO{ ;QfRo't ug]{ clwsf/ O/fsL
hgtfnfO{ 5 ls cd]l/sL /fi6«kltnfO{ < O/fssf] ;Qf kl/jt{gsf] lhDd]jf/L O/fsL
hgtfsf] xf] ls s'g} cs}{ b]zsf] zfifs sf] xf] < of] o'4df hLt O/fssf] x'g] xf]
ls afx\o cfqmd0fsf/L cd]l/sf / a]nfotsf] eGg] s'/f oltv]/} 6'ª\uf] nflu;s]sf]
5}g . ljZj hgdt O/fssf] kIfdf 5 / ljZjsf hgtf O/fssf] hLt xf];\ eGg]
rfxG5g\ . ljZjsf] Ps dfq cltdxfzlQm ;fd|fHojfbL cd]l/sfsf] Oltxf;s} ;a}eGbf
qm"/ /fi6«klt a'z / pgsf] lu/f]xsf] O/fsnfO{ sAhf gu/L g5f8\g] h'g
p2]Zo;lxt of] o'4 clxn];Ddsf ljZjsf ;a} dfGotfnfO{ nTofP/ yflnPsf] 5, O/fsL
hgtfn] slt alnbfg ug'{ kg]{ xf] eGg] s'/fsf] cg'dfg ug{ sl7g 5 . t/ O/fsL
hgtf cfh ;+;f/sf ;a}eGbf zlQmzfnL b'O{ ;fd|fHojfbLsf lj?4 Gofok"0f{ o'4
nl8/x]sf 5g\ . cfh O/fsL hgtf h'g o'4 nl8/x]sf 5g\, To;n] of] ;fljt ug]{ 5
ls O/fsdf ;Qf kl/jt{g ug]{ clwsf/ s'g} jfx\o ;fd|fHojfbLnfO{ 5}g, Tof] rfx]
hlt;'s} zlQmzfnL lsg gxf];\ . O/fsL hgtf cfh cfkm\gf] /fi6«sf] dflns cfkm}+
aGgsf nflu nl8/x]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sfn] agfpg] eg]sf] …:ju{Ú nfO{ pgLx?n] lt/:sf/
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
l;of
d';ndfgx?sf] afx'No ePsf] blIf0fL O/fs, hxf“ ljutdf ;2fdsf ;]gfn] Hofblt u/]sf
lyP / Tof] cGtlj{/f]waf6 kmfObf p7fp“b} ;g\ )(! sf] vf8L o'4df jt{dfg /fi6«klt
a'zsf afa' a'zn] To; If]qdf ;2fd x';}gsf lj?4 ljb|f]xsf] cfof]hgf u/fpg ;kmn
ePsf lyP, clxn] Tof] ;Dej ePg . o;} If]qdf kg]{ O/fssf] ;a}eGbf bf];|f]
7"nf] zx/ af;/fdf 7"nf kf]i6/ 6f“l;Psf lyP h;df n]lvPsf] lyof]
…a'zsf] :ju{ eGbf xfdLnfO{ ;2fds} gs{ Kof/f] 5Ú . To;}sf] sf/0fn]
a''z–An]o/sf sdf08/n] o'4 ;'? ePsf] bf];|f] lbgb]lv g} …af;/f sAhfdf cfof]Ú
eGg] k|rf/ u/]sf lyP, t/ oL kª\lQm n]lv+bf;Dd o'4 ;'? ePsf] !) lbg kl5;Dd klg
af;/fdf 3df;fg o'4 hf/L 5 . aubfbdf ;]K6]Da/ @( df ePsf] dflg;x? ahf/ ug]{
a]nfdf ahf/d} ePsf] clxn] ;Ddsf] ;a} eGbf eLif0f ad xdnfdf cfkm\gf] sfvsL 5f]/L
o;} cfqmd0fdf k/L l;ls:t 3fOt] eP/ c:ktfndf ?“l3/x]sf Ps hgf O/fsL gful/ssf]
egfO lyof] …olb dnfO{ s;}n] cd]l/sf k'¥ofOlbG5 eg] d cfkm}+ k8\s]/ a'znfO{
l;Wofpg] 5' .Ú o;af6 s] :ki6 5 eg] O/fsL hgtf oltv]/ To:tf] b'Zdgsf lj?4
nl8/x]sf 5g\ h;n] jflzª\u6gdf a;]/ aubfbsf] zf;g s;n] ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o ug{
vf]lh/x]sf] 5 .
k|ToIf pklgj]zsf] o'u kms{g] t xf]Og <
of]
o'4 ;'? x'g'eGbf klxn] g} hh{ a'z P08 sDkgLn] O/fssf] ;/sf/ s;/L agfpg] eGg]
cfkm\gf] efjL of]hgf k|:t't ul/;s]sf] 5 . pQm of]hgf cg';f/ o'4kZrft\ aGg]
;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj Pshgf cjsf; k|fKt cd]l/sL hg]{nn] ug]{ 5g\ . o; k|sf/, hh{
a'z P08 sDkgLn] bf];|f] ljZjo'4s} bf}/fgdf ;dfKt eO;s]sf] pklgj]zsf] o'unfO{ of]
w/tLdf k]ml/ kmsf{pg] b':k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 . a'zsf] nflu O/fs Pp6f k|of]u
xf], h'g ;kmn eof] eg] Tof] w]/}–w]/} 7fp“df nfu" x'g]5 / o'u k'gM
pklgj]zsf] o'udf kms{g] 5 . To;sf/0f O/fsL hgtfsf] of] Gofok"0f{
o'4sf] ;dy{g ug]{ ls gug]{ eGg] k|Zg Oltxf;sf] Tof] sfnf] o'u cf}klgj]lzs sfndf
kms{g of] o'unfO{ lbg] ls glbg] eGg] k|Zg;“u ;DalGwt 5 .
O/fssf] o'4sf] d"Nofª\sg klg ToxL prfOaf6 ug'{ h?/L 5 . oBlk,
a'zsf] O/fsnfO{ cd]l/sL pklgj]z agfpg] of]hgf ;kmn eOxfN5 eGg] s'/f clxn] eGg ;lsg]
l:ylt 5}g . tyflk h'g ;f]rfO lnP/ clxn] cd]l/sL k|zf;g cfO/x]sf] 5, Tof]
slt vt/gfs 5 eg]/ a'em\g' h?/L 5 . a'z k|zf;gsf] of] cf}klgj]lzs gLltsf sf/0f
cd]l/sfåf/f nflbg] To; k|sf/sf] ;/sf/sf] lj/f]w clxn]b]lv g} ;'? ePsf] 5 .
O/fgsf] ;/sf/n] To; k|sf/sf] ;/sf/nfO{ dfGotf glbg] clxn] g} 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf]
5 .
O/fsL o'4sf] cGt/f{li6«o dxTj
O/fsL
hgtf ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf zlQmzfnL cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / csf]{ zlQmzfnL a]nfotL ;fd|fHojfbsf
lj?4 Ps};fy nl8/x]sf 5g\ . O/fsn] kmf}hL ?kdf afx\o /fi6«x?af6 xltof/
k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf klg b]lv+b}g . tyflk O/fsL hgtfn] jL/tfk"0f{
n8fO“ nl8/x]sf 5g\ . jL/ O/fsL hgtfsf] Gofok"0f{ o'4df ;+;f/sf
hgtfsf] ;dy{g k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5 .
oltv]/ cd]l/sL cfqmd0fsf] lj/f]wdf ljZjel/ g} hgtfsf] h'g ;xeflutf b]vfk/]sf]
5, To;nfO{ klZrdL ;~rf/ dfWodn] klg leotgfd o'4;“u t'ngf ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
nfdf] ;do;Dd s'g} pNn]vgLo ;+3if{df efu glnPsf o"/f]ksf hgtfnfO{ of] o'4n]
o:tf];“u ttfOlbPsf] 5 ls pgLx? dxflgb|faf6 Ao'“em]/ ;+3if{sf] d}bfgdf plqPsf
5g\ . o"/f]kel/ g} o'4lj/f]wL cfGbf]ng pef/sf] ?kdf cl3 al9 /x]sf 5g\ .
o'4 ;'? x'g'eGbf klg cl3b]lv k|f/De ePsf] of] cfGbf]ng /f]lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf]
5}g a? lbglbg} emg\emg\ eLif0f aGb} uPsf] 5 . of] cfGbf]ng vf;u/L tL b]zdf
a9L rls{Psf] kfOPsf] 5 h'g b]z cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] kIfdf jf u7aGwgdf ;fd]n
ePsf 5g\ .
ljzfn
hgk|bz{gsf] bafjsf sf/0f a'z sDkgLnfO{ o'4sf] k|f/Deb]lv g} 7"nf ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf
ug'{k/]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, 6sL{ nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] cd]l/sL v]dfsf] lk6\7'
/x“b} cfPsf] 5 . a'zsf] /Iff dGqL /D:km]N8sf] ;}lgs of]hgf c;kmn eof] eg]/
cd]l/sL zfifsju{ g} oltv]/ lj/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] sf/0f s] lyof] eg],
/D:km]N8n] O/fssf] blIf0fdf s'j]tdf ;}lgs cv8f agfP/ tyf pQ/df 6sL{df csf]{ ;}lgs
cv8f v8f u/]/ b'a}lt/af6 Ps};fy eLif0f xdnf u/]/ yf]/} lbgd} aubfbdfly sAhf hdfP/
O/fsdf k|ToIf zf;g sfod ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] lyof] . t/ 6sL{df ePsf] ljzfn
hgk|bz{g / hgbafjsf cufl8 Toxf“sf] ;+;b em'Sg afWo eof] / ;+;bsf] ax'dtn]
6sL{df cd]l/sL ;}lgs cv8f /fVg glbg] lg0f{o u/]kl5 a'z sDkgLsf] kmf}hL of]hgfd}
7"nf] gsf/fTds c;/ k'¥ofof] / O/fsLx?nfO{ of] o'4 bL3{sfnLg agfpg w]/} d2t
k'¥ofof] . 6sL{sf hgtfsf] of] ;zQm ;+3if{sf] k|z+;f gul//xg ;ls+b}g .
o"/f]kLo b]zx? ;a} cfGbf]lnt ePsf 5g\ / Tof] qmd cem hf/L g} 5 .
To;dWo] klg ;a}eGbf 7"nf k|bz{g a]nfotd} ePsf 5g\, hxf“sf] ;/sf/
O/fslj?4sf] o'4d} ;+nUg 5 . Toxf“ Oltxf;d} slxNo} gePsf] @) nfv hgtfsf]
h'n'; o'4 ;'? x'g'eGbf cl3 g} lg:s]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 klg aL;f}+ nfv hgtf
cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf 5g\ . To;sf] c;/ zfifs bn / ;+;bd} klg k/]sf] 5 .
lgn{Hh 6f]gL An]o/n] ;+;bdf cfkm\g} kf6L{sf ;b:ox?n] ;/sf/sf] k|:tfjsf] ljkIfdf
ef]6 xfn]kl5 ljkIfL kf6L{sf] ef]6 lnP/ ax'dt k|fKt ug'{ k¥of] . cfkm\gf]
kf6L{sf jl/i7 dGqL– /lag s's / cGo sltko dGqL / dGqfnosf jl/i7 sd{rf/Lx?n]
kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ . /lag s'sn] xfn} Ps jQmJo hf/L ub}{ O/fsdf
cfqmd0fsf nflu v6fOPsf a]nfotL ;]gf t'?Gt lkmtf{ ug{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ . o;af6
a'zsf] dltof/ 6f]gL An]o/sf] ;/sf/ cfGtl/s?kd} ;ª\s6df km;]sf] :ki6 5 .
o'4df ;]gf k7fpg] ci6«]lnofsf k|wfgdGqLsf] Hofg hf]ufpg Toxf“sf k|x/Ln] pgnfO{
;+;b ejgsf] rf]/ 9f]sfaf6 u~hL / s6\6' dfq nufP/ eufPsf lyP . O6nL / :k]gdf
ePsf P]ltxfl;s hgk|bz{gx?sf] sf/0f Toxf“sf ;/sf/x? O/fsdf ;]gf gk7fpg] lg0f{o
ug{ afWo ePsf 5g\ .
dWok"j{sf
;a}h;f] b]z oltv]/ cfGbf]lnt 5g\ . cd]l/sfsf] lk6\7' /x“b} cfPsf] ;fpbL
c/asf] ;/sf/n] hgbjfjs} sf/0f cd]l/sL ;]gf kl/rfng ug{ lbPg / aubfbdfly xdnf ug{
cd]l/sfn] s'b{x?sf] afx'No ePsf] pQ/L O/fssf] ;fgf] OnfsfnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg afWo
ePsf] 5 . of] o'4df cfkm" …t6:yÚ /x]sf] eGb} cfPsf] O/fg clxn] cd]l/sfsf]
lj/f]w ug{ afWo ePsf] 5 . t]x/fgdf lg:s]sf] nfvf}+sf] h'n'zn] O/fgsf]
zfifsju{nfO{ lj:tf/} O/fssf] ;dy{gdf hfg afWo x'“b}5 . l;l/of, n]jgfg, ;fpbL
c/a, ld> ;a}lt/ P]ltxfl;s h'n'z k|bz{gx? ePsf 5g\ . ev{/} k|fKt ;dfrf/
cg';f/ ljleGg c/a b]zx?af6 O/fssf] kIfdf n8\g cfpg]x?sf] ;+Vof $))) k'u]sf] 5 .
csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ c/a b]zsf sltko b]zsf O/fsL /fhb'tfjf;x?df O/fsdf uP/ n8\gsf
nflu h]xfbL o'jsx?n] wdfwd gfd n]vfO/x]sf 5g\ .
:jod\
cd]l/sfdf clxn] o'4lj/f]wL cfGbf]ng ;zQm ?kdf cl3al9/x]sf]] 5 . clxn];Dd
nfvf}+ hgtf ;8sdf plq;s]sf 5g\ . sof}+ zx/df ePsf k|bz{gdf hgtf k|x/L;“u
d'7e]8df plqPsf 5g\ . O/fsdf eO/x]sf] ;zQm k|lt/f]w / cd]l/sf leq} eO/x]sf
hgk|bz{gsf sf/0f a'z ;/sf/leq} o'4sf] of]hgfsf] ljifodf dte]b ;'? ePsf] 5 .
;]gfn] g} /IffdGqL /D:km]N8nfO{ ;]gfsf] ;+Vof ckof{Kt / 6sL{af6 ;]gf yk geOsg
xtf/df o'4 ;'? u/]sf] cf/f]k nufPkl5 a'zsf] cfGtl/s ;ª\s6 emg\ rls{Psf] 5 .
of]
o'4af6 vf;} cfGbf]lnt gb]lvPsf Plzof / Nofl6g cd]l/sL b]zx? klg lj:tf/}
cfGbf]lnt x'“b}5g\ . Plzofdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] hgk|bz{g O08f]g]lzofdf eO/x]sf
5g\ . s]xL lbg cl3 dfq Toxf“ nfvf}+ dflg;x? ;8sdf plqPsf lyP . hfkfg,
pQ/ sf]l/of / blIf0f sf]l/ofdf klg 7"nf k|bz{gx? ePsf 5g\ . ef/tsf
ljleGg zx/x?df k|bz{gx? ePsf 5g\, t/ cGoq h:tf 7"nf k|bz{g x'g ;ls/x]sf
5}gg\ . g]kfnsf /fhg}lts kf6L{x? / hgtfnfO{ of] o'4n] vf;} 5f]Ph:tf]
b]lvPsf] 5}g . oqf] ;+;f/ o'4sf] lj?4df hflu;Sbf klg g]kfndf kmf§km'§ lj/f]w
k|bz{gx? eP klg ;zQm9+usf k|bz{gx? cem} x'g g;Sg' / To;sf] s'g} c;/ b]vf gkg'{ ;f“Rr}
g} lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] . O/fsdf cd]l/sfsf] Toqf] cTofrf/ x'“bf xfdLnfO{ ;Dj]bgf
k}bf x'“b}g eg] ljZjsf hgtfn] xfdLnfO{ s;/L x]nf{g\ eg]/ sd;]sd ;f]Rg] a]nf
cfPsf] 5 . xfdLdfly aflx/L b]zn] To:t} cTofrf/ u/]sf] v08df xfdLn] slt
dfqfdf cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u / ;dy{gsf] cfzf ug{ ;lsPnf < olb xfd|f] oxL rfnf
/x\of] eg] . cd]l/sf O/fsaf6 k/flht x''g' / gx'g'sf] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf klg
7"nf] k|efj / c;/ kg]{ s'/fdf s'g} ;+b]x 5}g . s'g} klg b]zsf] ;Qfsf]
s';L{df sf] a:g] eGg] lg0f{o ug]{ sfd jflzª\u6gaf6 x'g yfNof] eg] s] g]kfn rflx+
To;af6 aRg ;Snf < olb To; k|sf/sf] l:ylt cfof] eg] To;af6 g]kfnsf] s'g} klg /fhgLlts
k|0ffnLnfO{ kmfObf k'Unf t < g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf / ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] ;+/If0f ug{
d2t k'Unf t < uDeL/ ?kdf ;f]Rg] a]nf cfO;s]sf] 5 .
b'O{ ljk/Lt ;Defjgfx?M
of]
s'/f lglZrt 5 ls O/fssf] o'4df s'g kIfn] ljho xfl;n u5{ eGg] s'/fn] oltv]/sf]
ljZjsf] /fhgLltnfO{ 7"nf] k|efj kfg]{5 . of] o'4df olb cd]l/sfsf] k/fho
eof] eg] Psdfq dxfzlQmsf] ?kdf clxn] 9nLdnL ub}{ cfPsf] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf]
ktgsf] k|lqmof ;'? x'g]5 . To;kl5, k|ydtM ljZj:t/df cl3a9]sf] hgcfGbf]ngn]
ljhosf] cg'e"lt ug]{5 / ljZj:t/d} hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng cl3 a9\g] ;Defjgf
k|an ag]/ hfg]5 . låtLo, cGo ;fd|fHojfbL Ans cd]l/sfsf] k|lt:kwf{df pqg
;Sg]5g\ / of] ljZj Psw|'jLo geP/ b'O{ w|'jLo jf ax'w'|jLo x'g ;Sg]5 . t];|f],
cd]l/sL gj–pklgj]zx?df d'lQm ;+3if{x? p7\g ;Sg]5g\ . rf}yf], :jod\ cd]l/sfleq}
hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng cl3 a9\g ;Sg]5 . o;sf] ljk/Lt, olb of] o'4df
cd]l/sfn] O/fsdfly sAhf hdfpg ;kmn eof] eg], of] ljZjn] km]l/ cf}klgj]lzs o'u
kms]{sf] b]Vg' / ef]Ug' kg]{ ;Defjgf 5 . a'z P08 sDkgLn] s'g b]zsf] zf;gdf
sf] a:g] eGg] s'/f jflzªu6gaf6} tf]s]/ k7fOlbg] 5 . of] o'4df x'g] xf/ /
hLtsf] olt 7"nf] / u'0ffTds cGt/ x'g] ePsfn] ljZj /fhgLltdf Pp6f 7"nf]
;sf/fTds jf gsf/fTds cGt/ cfpg] k|jn ;Defjgf 5 . To;sf/0f,
O/fsdfly cd]l/sL cfqmfds o'4nfO{ ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL o'4df kl/0ft u/L ;zQm
;+3if{df pqg' cfhsf] 7"nf] cfjZostf xf] .
)%( r}q !& ut]
;+ljwfg;ef blnt
cfGbf]ngsf] klg dfu xf]
– ;'ef;s'df/ bgf{n
kl5Nnf
/fhg}lts 36gf, kl/36gf / ax;x¿n] sf7df8f}+sf] rf/ eGHofªsf] g]6f] sf6]/ qmdzM
b]znfO{ g} ttfp“b}5g\ . ;ft jif{b]lv ;~rflnt ‘hgo'4’n] Pskl5 csf]{
5nf· dfb}{ b]zsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhg}lts kl/b[Zodf sDkg Nofpg ;kmn ePsf] /
/fHo;Qfn] To;nfO{ bdg ug]{ gfddf rnfPsf ;Dk"0f{ pkqmdx¿ qmdzM lg:t]h
x'“b} uPsf] k[i7e"lddf ePsf] /fhfsf] k|ltufdL sbdn] b]zsf a'l4hLjL, lzIfs,
jlsn, kqsf/, gful/s ;dfh / ;Dk"0f{ ;r]t dfG5]x¿nfO{ r'k nfu]/ a:g} g;Sg]
l:ylt l;h{gf u/fOlbPsf] 5 . To;}n] )$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngåf/f
lgld{t ;+ljwfgdflysf] gf·f] anfTsf/sf] 38Ldf km]l/ Psk6s ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu
hf]8bf/ ¿kdf p7\g yfn]sf] 5 . vf;u/L hgjfbL u0ftGq g]kfnsf] Wo]osf ;fy
o'4/t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ ;d]tn] b]zsf] jt{dfg l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} ;+ljwfg;efsf]
Go"gtd laGb'df ;xdlt x'g;Sg] atfPkl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|Zgdf ax;, 5nkmn /
cGtlqm{ofn] /fhg}lts dfxf]n ttfpg yfn]sf] xf] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ax;sf] ;Gbe{df
blnt cfGbf]ngsf] kIfaf6 klg of] s'/f p7fpg' cfjZos 5 . blnt cfGbf]ng / ;+ljwfg;efsf]
aLr cGt/;DaGw;DaGwL 5nkmn rnfpg' k|:t't n]vsf] clek|fo xf] .
g]kfnsf]
/fhg}lts Oltxf;df blnt cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngeGbf klg k'/fgf] xf] .
of] cjlwdf blnt cfGbf]ngn] y'k|} psfnL–cf]/fnLx¿ kf/ u/]/ klg cfh;Dd Pp6f
lglZrt lbzf / ult to ug{ g;s]sf] s'/f s;}sf] ;fd' l5k]sf] 5}g . lglZrt ¿kdf
Tof] lbzfdf k|of; ePsf] 5, t/ klg To;n] lg0ff{os, hLjGttf / ultzLntf slxn] klg
kfpg ;s]g . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cw{;fdGtjfbL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs ;+/rgf, /fhg}lts
kf6L{x¿sf] csd{0otf, blnt d'lQm;DaGwL :ki6 / j}1flgs b[li6sf]0f–klxrfgsf]
sdhf]/Lsf k[i7e"lddf blnt cfGbf]ngsf k|d'v cGtlj{/f]wx¿nfO{ klxNofpg g;Sg]
g]t[Tjsf] sf/0f blnt cfGbf]ng s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf ;dk{0f / cj;/jfbdf 6'l¨Psf] s6'
oyfy{ xfdL;“u 5 . s'g}a]nf cfGbf]ngsf ¿kdf km}lnPsf] blnt cfGbf]ngdf
clxn] kl/of]hgfsf ¿kdf k"0f{lj/fd nfUb}5 . :jtGq / :jfoQ ¿kdf b]ze/
lqmofzLn d'lQm ;dfhdfly g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] lu4]b[li6 k/]kl5 blnt cfGbf]ngdf u'6,
km'6 / pku'6 b]lvg yfn]sf] xf] . ;du|df eGbf clxn]sf] ‘blnt cfGbf]ng leGg
leGg /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿sf] ef]6 a6'Ng] ;fwg h:t} b]lvPsf] 5 .’
cfkm"nfO{ blnt cfGbf]ngsf] d"nk|jfx bfjL ug]{ s]xL kl/of]hgfd'vL u}/;/sf/L
;+3÷;+:yfx¿nfO{ ‘8n/’sf] 8sf/n] ‘arfO/fv]sf]’ 5 . t/ Tof] ;d"x
cj;/jfbL, :jfyL{ / a]OdfgL 5 . /fhfsf] k|ltufdL sbd ;a}lt/ lgGbgLo e}/x]sf]
cj:yfdf blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3n] To;sf] :jfut ub}{ dGqLd08ndf ;xeflutfsf
nflu b/af/df laGtLkq la;fPkl5 pgLx¿sf] Odfgbfl/tf 5n{¨} ePsf] 5 .
ut
jif{sf] ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL zflGtjftf{ e¨ e};s]kl5 dfcf]jfbLnfO{ bdg ug]{ gfddf
;/sf/åf/f nufOPsf] ;+s6sfnsf cjlwdf y'k|} blntx¿sf] xTof ePsf] 5 . y'k|}
blntx¿ ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf] bf]xf]/f] pTkL8gsf] lzsf/ ePsf 5g\ .
o'uf}+b]lv d'vdf tfNrf nufOPsf] cfjfh ;+s6sfnleq emg\ ba]sf] 5 . ‘blnt’
;d'bfodf hlGdPsf cfwf/df dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]k nfUg', ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] rsf]{ tnf;Ldf
kg'{, lk6fO vfg' / dg'{ t ;fdfGo lgolt ePsf] 5 cfhef]ln .
Psflt/
o:tf] l:yltsf] aLrdf xfdL af“r]sf 5f}+ eg] csf]{lt/ oyfl:yltjfbL /fHo;Qfn] ;fdfGo
;'wf/sf sfdx¿ ug{ ;d]t sGh':ofO{+ ul//fv]sf] cj:yf 5 . kf“r jif{b]lvsf]
nfdf] ;+3if{sf] dfu ‘blnt pTyfg ljw]os’ cem};Dd sfg'g dGqfnosf] b/fhdf ylGs/x]sf]
5 . blnt ljsf; ;ldlt, /fli6«o blnt cfof]ux¿n] ;Qfsf Psfw eQmx¿nfO{ v'zL
t'Nofpg] lgsfoeGbf dfly p7]/ blntsf kIfdf sfd ug{ ;s]sf] b]lv+b}g . of]
a]nf blntx¿sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s ljsf;sf s'/fx¿, /fhg}lts ;xeflutfsf s'/fx¿, /fHosf
x/]s If]qdf clgjfo{ ¿kdf ;dfg'kflts cf/If0f x'g'kg]{ s'/fx¿ ;a} uf}0f ljifo
ePsf 5g\ . oL tdfd lqmofsnfkx¿af6 s] lgisif{ lg:sG5 eg] /fHo;Qf blntx¿sf
kIfdf ;fdfGo ;'wf/sf sfdx¿ ug{ ;d]t ;sf/fTds / ;xof]uL 5}g . o;n] km\of“s]sf
xl/of 3f“;x¿ dfq} x'g\ * a'“b] 3f]if0ff, blnt cfof]u / dGqLd08ndf blnt ;xeflutfsf
s'/fx¿ . o:tf] ljifd kl/l:yltdf x'ls{/x]sf] xfd|f] blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngn]
jt{dfg /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltdf t'?Gt} u'0ffTds km8\sf] dfg]{ u'~hfo;
b]lv+b}g . zflGtk"0f{ ;fdflhs ;+3if{af6 lgwf{l/t nIodf k'Ug] l:ylt klg
cg's"n 5}g . lsgls u'6 / pku'6df ljeQm blnt ;+u7gx¿n] ;femf ;jfndf
df]rf{a4 cfGbf]ng u/]sf] Oltxf; xfdLsxf“ kfO“b}g . To;}n] clxn] ;jf{lws
rrf{df /x]sf] ;+ljwfg;ef / To;af6 lgdf{0f x'g] ;+ljwfgaf6 blnt d'lQmsf lbzfdf
7f]; kxn ug{ ;Dk"0f{ blnt ;d'bfo h'6\g' kg]{ s'/f Oltxf;sf] Pp6f 68\sf/f]
cfjZostf eP/ plePsf] 5 .
Jofks
cGt/lj{/f]wsf aLrdf )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg cfkm}+ c;Ifd e};s]sf] s'/f :jtM k'li6
e};s]sf] 5 . vfln ;dfgtfsf] vf]qmf] gf/f nufpg] ;+ljwfg 5'jf5"tnfO{
b08gLo ck/fwsf ¿kdf, blnt nufot ;Dk"0f{ pk]lIftx¿nfO{ /fHosf x/]s lgsfodf
:ki6 ¿kdf ljz]if Joj:yf ug{df, blntx¿sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, z}lIfs / /fhg}lts
ljsf;nfO{ afWofTds agfpg] h:tf ;jfndf df}g 5 . of] ;+ljwfg blntsf kIfdf ;+j]bgzLn
5}g . lsgls d"ntM of] ;+ljwfg @)$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf]
pknlAw elgP klg cGttM of] /fhf, sf+u|]; / jfddf]rf{sf] lqkIfLo b:tfj]h dfq} aGg
k'Uof] . Tolta]nf hflt, efiff, ln¨sf blntx¿sf] ljzfn hg;d"xnfO{ ;'t]sf]
;fu/ 7flgof] . To;sf/0f
blntsf s'/fx¿ To;leq c6fpg ;s]gg\ .
;+ljwfg;ef g} lsg <
oxf“lg/ Pp6f k|Zg
p7fpg] 7fp“ /xG5 . oL s'/fx¿nfO{ ;+af]wg ;+ljwfg;+zf]wgn] ug{ ;Sb}g <
l;4fGttM ;+ljwfg;+zf]wgaf6 klg oL ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ xfd|f] ;fdflhs–cfly{s
;+/rgf / !@ jif]{ of] ;+ljwfg sfnsf] Jofjxfl/s kIfnfO{ j:t'ut ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf]
eg] of] gf/f s]jn u'lnof] n8\8' afx]s c¿ s]xL aGg ;Sb}g . oxL“lg/ csf]{
k|Zg p7\g' :jfefljs x'ghfG5, To;f] eP oL s'/fx¿nfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{ s;n] 5]Sof] of]
!@ jif{df < ;fob olt dfq}n] klg kof{Kt x'g;S5 . t}klg c¿ tYox¿ klg
lhp“b} 5g\ . of] cjlwdf blntx¿dflysf] zf]if0f, ckdfg / lt/:sf/n] l;h{gf
u/]sf] c;Gtf]if ;a} /fhg}lts kf6L{sf r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkq, ljb]zL s'6gLlts lgof]u,
cfof]u x'“b} dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x;Dd cleJoQm ePs} s'/f xf] . n]vfOdf ;a}sf]
efiff pQd >]0fLsf] b]lvPsf] klg xf] . t/ lsg ;+;b\df blnt pTyfg ljw]os
k|:t't x'g ;s]g < u}/;/sf/L ljw]ossf ¿kdf hgdf]rf{, g]kfnsf ;f+;b k/L yfkfn]
;+;b\ ;lrjfnodf k'¥ofPsf] ‘5'jf5"t ck/fw M b08 ;hfo ljw]os– @)%# nfO{
;d]t lsg 5nkmndf NofOPg < lsg blnt cfof]unfO{ czQm / ckf¨ agfOof] . lsg
5'jf5"tnfO{ kmf}hbf/L cleof]u agfOPg < hftLo 5'jf5"t / ;fdflhs
ckdfg u/]sf cfwf/df /fHon] sfjf{xL rnfPsf slt hgf 5g\ h]ndf < oL k|Zgx¿sf]
hjfkm vf]Hg /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿sf] syg / Jojxf/kl§ kms{g'k5{ . /fhgLlts
kf6L{x¿n] hlt;'s} /fd|f] 3f]if0ffkqdf n]v] klg pgLx¿af6 blnt ;jfndf bf]xf]/f]
e"ldsf lgjf{x x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . cflv/ hftLo 5'jf5"t, pTkL8g /
zf]if0f ug]{df ltg} /fhg}lts kf6L{sf dfG5]x¿ g} t 5g\ lg . t/ lsg s'g} klg
kf6L{n] 5'jf5"tsf] Jojxf/ ug]{ sfo{stf{nfO{ sfjf{xL ug]{ gLlt agfPg <
cfkm"nfO{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{ atfpg] g]skf -Pdfn]_n] 5'jf5"t lj?4
/fli6«o cleofg slxn] rnfof] < oL ;a} k|Zgx¿sf] ;ª\unf] pQ/ kfpg ;ls+b}g .
To;sf/0f km]l/ log} /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] ;+ljwfg;+zf]wg u/]/ blntsf ;jfnx¿nfO{
sfg'gL ¿kdf / Jojxfl/s ¿kdf ;dfwfg ul/b]nfg\ eg]/ cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 / <
o;}n] ljutsf cg'ejx¿af6
kf7 l;Sb} )$^ ;fnsf] k|hftGqnfO{ ;f“lRrs} k|hftGqdf cg'jfb ug{, efiff, ln¨,
hfltsf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ / blntx¿nfO{ x/]s If]qdf @) k|ltzt cf/If0fsf] dfunfO{
zflGtk"0f{ ¿kdf k"/f u/fpg klg gof“ ;+ljwfg / To;sf nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf]
r'gfj Ps dfq ljsNk ag]sf] 5 . a? ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjd} klg blntx¿nfO{
lglZrt ;L6 cf/lIft u/fpg kxn ug{kl§ casf ax;x¿nfO{ s]lGb|t ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfPsf]
5 . ;+ljwfg;efn] b]zdf ljBdfg xTof / lx+;fsf] >[+vnfnfO{ /f]Sg'sf cltl/Qm
blnt / pk]lIftx¿sf kIfdf lgDg sfdx¿ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
Ps, dfcf]jfbL hgo'4
/ To;nfO{ bdg ug]{ gfddf rnfOPsf ck|]zgsf 36gfx¿df pTkL8gdf k/]sf nfvf}+ blntx¿n]
To:tf] cTofrf/af6 tTsfn 5'6sf/f kfpg]5g\ . b'O{, dflysf ;Dk"0f{ sf/0fx¿nfO{
x]bf{ blnt dfq}sf] cfGbf]ngn] lg0ff{os km8\sf] df/]/ ‘cf/If0f k|flKt ul/xfNg]
s'g} u'~hfo; 5}g eg] /fHo;Qfn] dfof u/]/ clwsf/ / cj;/sf] af“8kmf“8 unf{ eGg'
cfkm}+df xf:of:kb s'/f xf] . To;}n] blnt cfGbf]ngsf] Iflt / kl/>dljg}
pknlAwdf k'¥ofpg] Psdfq j}1flgs / cr's c:q ;+ljwfg;ef g} xf] . tLg,
)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg d[tk|foM e};s]sf] 5 . To;sf] d"n dd{dfly anfTsf/
e};s]sf] 5 . ;du|df )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg g]kfn clw/fHosf] Oltxf;df c;kmn
/ c;Ifd ;+ljwfgsf] ¿kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf] cg'ejaf6 l;s]/ agfOg] gof“ ;+ljwfg
kSs} klg of] eGbf sd k|ultzLn gaGg] s'/f csf]{ w'|j;To s'/f xf] . rf/, ;+ljwfg;ef
hgtfn] cfkm\gf] ;fj{ef}d;QfnfO{ k|ToIf k|of]uåf/f k|dfl0ft ug{ cr's c:q klg xf] .
:jo+ blnt ;d'bfosf] ;d]t ;xeflutfdf aGg] gof“ ;+ljwfgn] dfq} hflt, efiff, ln¨
/ wd{sf ljBdfg ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg]5 . kf“r, jt{dfg ;dodf ;+ljwfg;efsf]
r'gfjdf hf“bf h'g;'s} /fhg}lts zlQmn] lht]/ h:tf];'s} /fhg}lts k|s[ltsf] ;+ljwfg
agfP klg Tof] clwsf/sf] b[li6n] blntsf kIfdf clxn]sf] eGbf sd x'g] l:ylt 5}g .
lsgls ;a} /fhg}lts zlQmx¿nfO{ blntx¿sf] l:ylt / jt{dfg c;Gt'li6 /fd|/L yfxf 5 .
zlQm;Gt'ngdf )$^ ;fneGbf clxn] blntsf] cj:yf cToGt} dha't 5 . of] zlQmnfO{
pk]Iff u/]/ hfg;Sg] sNkgf s;}n] klg ug{ g;Sg] j:t'ut afWotf 5 . To;nfO{
Jojxf/df k|of]u gul/Psf] dfq} xf] .
oL tYox¿ lhp“bf
x'“bfx'“b} klg sltko blnt ;+3÷;+u7gx¿ / a'l4hLjLx¿ cem} klg ;+3if{nfO{
eGbf rfs8LnfO{ k|wfgtf lb+b} k|ltufdL tTjx¿ ;“u} blnt d'lQmsf] eLv dfUb}5g\ .
of] lg/y{s k|of; dfq} xf] .
;+ljwfg;efsf]
r'gfjdfkm{t\ blnt d'lQmsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g ;Sg] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg;efn] blntd'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf] u'0ffTds 5nf¨ dfg]{5 . o:tf] a]nfdf ;f“lRrs} blntd'lQmsf]
nflu lqmofzLn ;+3÷;+:yf, JolQm, a'l4hLjL / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwsf] aLrdf
Jofks cGtlqm{of ub}{ ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ blntd'lQmsf] ;fwgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{
jt{dfg l:yltsf] dfu xf] .
;"of]{bosf]
gjLgtd laxfgL em'lNs+b}5 nfn a:tLaf6
–
s'ndfg a'9f
cfuf]sf] nKsfn] hnfpg vf]h] klg, v's'/Ln]
uw{g sfl6 6'qmf–6'qmf kfg{ vf]h] klg cflv/ ;To, ;To g} x'G5 c;To, c;To g} x'G5 .
s;}sf] cleJoQm ug{ kfpg] clwsf/dfly /f]s nufpg vf]h] klg ;To s'/f w]/} sxf“
l5Kg ;S5 < c;To s'/f sxf“ l6Sg ;S5 < ju{;+3if{sf] ;dofjlwb]lv oxf“;Dd
cfp“bf w]/} g]kfn cfdfsf jL/ ;Gtfgx?n] of] b]zdf /ut kf]lv;s]sf 5g\ .
kmf;LjfbL xTof/fx?n] ;f]+lr/x]sf 5g\ ls oxf“
;a r'krfk a;]x'GYof] / d}n] dfq b'lgofdfly v'Nnf zf]if0f / pTkL8g yf]kg{ kfP
x'GYof] . of] t s]jn lbjf ;kgf dfq lyof]= . olx lbjf ;kgf b]Vb} cfºgf]
;8]un]sf] /fHo;QFnfO{ aGb'ssf] andf l6sfp“b}, cfºgf] n'6sf] :ju{ sfod /fVg]
sf]lzif ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx? 68\s/f] ?kdf of] klg ;f]Rb}5g\ ls oxf“
h:tf];'s} ck/fw ubf{ klg d]/f] ho hosf/ xf]cf];\ . o:tf ck/fwLk"0f{
pgsf ;kgfx? cfh ;'of]{bosf] /flknf] tfkn] eid v/fgL x'“b} u}/x]sf] 5 .
o:tf] gljg /ftf of]4fx?sf] hLjgHof]lt b]v]/ ql;t / cft+lst agL af}nfxf s's'/ em}+
h;nfO{ kfof] To;}nfO{ emlD6/x]sf 5g\ . oL kmflzi6 xTof/fx?n] o:tf] klg ;kgf
b]lv/x]sf 5g\ ls Pp6f hgr]tgf hufpg] k|sf/sf] n]v /rgf ug]{ n]vssf] xft sfl6of]
eg] p;n] n]Vg} 7Kk x'g]5 / w]/} hgtf cGwsf/df ?dlng]5g\ hxf“ xfdLn] cGofosf
>+vnf hf]8\g kfpg]5f}+ . Pp6f kqsf/nfO{ y'lgof] eg] s;}sf] ljrf/ aflx/
hfg kfp“b}g / xfdL lbp“;} /ft k/] h] klg ug{{ ;S5f}+ .
of] ;kgf s]jn sf]/f sNkgfdf cfwfl/t ;kgf dfq
x'g\ . sf7df08f}+ s} zx/ leq Pp6f kqsf/nfO{ y'g]/, Pp6f hgsljsf] xTof u/]/
ljb|f]xsf :j/nx/Lx? sbflk /f]lsPsf 5}gg\, a? pN6} pgLx? oL d"Vof{O+{k"0f{
asjf;n] cfd hgtf ;fd" gfª\u]emf/ x'“b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . b'Zdgsf lx+;|s
8/ wDsLn] hgkIfLo n]vs, snfsf/x? ;fdGtLsf] af6f] lt/ xf]Og emg\ tLj| ultsf;fy
Pssf] PSsfO;df a[l4 x'“b} xhf/f}+ l;h{gfsf 6';fx? Rofpem}+ pld|/x]sf 5g\ .
xhf/f}+ xhf/ /ftf of]4fx? tLj| ljsf;sf] af6f] cl3 a9\b}, xTof/f] ;Qfsf
kfv08Lk"0f{ Jojxf/nfO{ rsgfr'/ kfb}{ lxdlzv/lt/ nfnofqfsf] sbd rfln/x]sf
5g\ .
Pp6f sndjL/sf] xTof u/]/ ltd|f]] wld/f
nfu]sf] ;Qf l6sfO/fVg] ;kgf b]Vg 5f]8] x'G5 . xfdLn] lxh}b]lv eGb} cfPsf
5f}+ ltdLx?n] Ps df/] p xhf/ eP/ hlGdlbG5, abln+bf] ;dodf of] cTofrf/ cjZo Ps
lbg km]l/G5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og olb ltd|f] 6fpsf] leq u'lb 5 eg] ;Demg]
sf]lzif u/ . cGoyf To;sf] kl/0ffd ltdLx?sf] gfz eGbf c? s]lx x'g} ;Sb}g .
clg dl0f yfkfsf] zAbdf ltdLx?nfO{ oyfy{jfbL r'gf}lt –
ltdL
Ps df/ pm ;o x'g]5
ltdL
;o df/ pm xhf/ x'g]5
of]
t /Qm qmflGt xf]
of]
t /Qm qmflGt xf]
===================
s;}sf] af]Ng–n]Vg] clwsf/dfly k|ltaGw nufO{
sfnf] /ftdf /dfpg] zfifsx?n] Pp6f n]vssf] xTof u/]/ l;h{gfsf] d'xfg ;dfKt kfg]{
;kgf b]Vg' dxfd'v{tf afx]s c? s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . tL kmf;LjfbL xTof/fx?n] Pp6f
hgslj s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚ nfO{ p;s} oftgf u[xdf cdfgjLo oftgf lbO{ xTof ul/lbPsf]
5 . ;To s'/f ug]{ Pp6f hgslj ck/fwL lyPg, p Pp6f hgtfsf] Kof/f] n]vs lyof] .
;f“RrL pm ck/fwL g} x'“bf]xf] t ;fj{hlgs ?kdf sdhf]/L cg'?k sfjf{xL lsg ul/Pg
< s]jn ufoj kfl/of] . g]kfnsf bfgjx?n] p;sf] hLjgnfO{ cGTo u/]/ l;+ufgdf
lem+uf /dfP em}+ /dfO/x]sf 5g\ . of] kmf]x/L gsr/f] v]n sbfkL ;}x\o 5}g .
b]z nfl5x?sf] dflu vfg] ef“8f] x'“b} uO/x]sf]
a]nf b]zsf] /Iffsf] nflu Ps zAb af]Ng / n]Vg lsg gkfpg] < Gofosf] kIfdf
af]Ng]nfO{ cft+ssf/Lsf] ljNnf le/fOg' of] s:tf] dfgjclwsf/ xf] . b]zsf]
dfof x'g]x?n] cGofosf] lj?4 d'bf{jfb lsg eGg gkfpg] < b]z a]r'jf, bfO df/f,
efO{ df/fx? g} ;/sf/df a;]/ ;Todfly k|ltjGw nufpg sf]lzif ul//x]sf 5g\ tL
k~rfotL e"tx?n] . cGofosf] ;d"n gi6 gx'“bf;Dd xfdL af]ln/xG5f}+ .
P † xTof/f xf] s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚ cft+ssf/L xf]Og pm Pp6f b]zeQm n]vs xf] .
p;sf] cf“vfdf b]zsf] 5f“of gfr]sf] lyof] . p;sf] 5fltdf b]zsf] dfof ;f“r]sf]
lyof] . p;n] ;w}+ olx n]VYof], af]NYof] –
d}n]
dxfg\\ /fi6«nfO{ d'6'df /fv]/
dg
v';Ln] lhGbfjfb eGg lsg gkfpg] <
d}n]
d]/f] /fi6«sf s'nf+uf/x?sf lj?4
d'l¶
p7fP/ d"bf{jfb eGg lsg gkfpg] <
n's]/
5ftLdf lt/ rnfpg]
ltd|f]
kfv08Lkgsf lj?4
d}n]
ltdLnfO{ 3[0ffn] lwsfg{ lsg gkfpg] <
pm sfo/x? ;fd" slxNo} ljrlnt ePg .
a? k6s k6s g]n / xTs8L klxl/g tof/ eof] . k6s k6s b'i6sf sfnf] kvf{n leq
y'lgP klg cx“ OR5'ssf] snd slxNo} 8u]g . cflv/ dxfg\\ /fi6« lgdf{0fsf]
k|lqmofnfO{ cfºgf] hLjg g} ;'Dk]/ 5f]8\of] a? . Gofosf] kIfdf af]Ng] n]Vg]
Pp6f >i6fsf] xft sf6\b}df 3f“6Ldf kf;f] nufp“b}df ;Tosf] cfjfh sbfkL /f]lsg]
5}g . s;}sf] l/;, Oiof{ u/]/ ;Tosf] kIfdf bGs]sf] /f“sf] slxNo} lgEg] 5}g .
a? v/fgL leqsf] cfuf]sf] lkmln¨f ;+;f/ e/L 5l/P/ ;Tosf] af6f] klxNofpg] Tof]
b[li6sf] lgdf{0f ul/lb+b}5 / clg c+wsf/ ;fd|fHonfO{ hnfP/ v/fgL agfO/x]sf] 5 .
Pp6f >i6fsf] xTof eP/ s] ef] / < a? /ftf] /utaf6 kL8f cfqmf]z gof“
r]tgfsf] ljsf; x'“b} c+Wof/f]sf] h'gls/L em}+ htftt} emndn l;h{gfsf k|sfz
km}ln/x]sf 5g\ .
Pp6f sljsf] xTof u/L cfd hgtfnfO{ s'lx/f]sf]
sfu agfpg rfx]sf lyof} . cfh gljg >i6fx?sf] pn{bf] e]nnfO{ b]v]/ s'lx/f]sf]
sfu xf]Og htftt}af6 b]lvg] rlDsnf] tf/f x'“b}5g\ . lxhf] hgtfsf] dgf]efj
a'em\g] Pp6} dfq >i6f lyof] cfh :jtM:km"t{ cToGt} ltvfl/Psf >i6fsf]
hGd ePsf] 5 . hgtfsf dgf]efjgfdf cfwfl/t ;a} l;h{gf ;flxTosf x/kmx?
kmf;LjfbLx?sf] sfnf] rZdfn] x]bf{ …cft+ssf/LÚ g} b]lvg] ub{5g\ . To;}n]
o:tf ;flxTodfly k|ltaGw nufpg, a'6n] s'Nr]sf 5g\, ;+uLgn] /f]k]sf 5g\, lxnfn] 5\ofk]sf
5g\, uf]nLn] xfg]sf 5g\ .
d'v{x?n] h;nfO{ h;/L JofVof u/]klg cflv/ ;To
;To g} x'G5 . ;Todf cfwfl/t l;h{gfsf >i6fx? Ps lbg ljho eP/ g} 5f8\g]
5g\ . ljhosf] z'e ;+s]t klg olta]nf k"j{sf] nfn lIflthaf6 em'lNs+b} 5 .
olt a]nf ;'gf}nf] nfn j:tLdf klg @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L cf:yfjfg
l;h{gfsf y'+ufx? kmlqm/x]sf 5g\ . oL l;h{gfsf y'+ufx?nfO{ sf]lknfd}
lgdf]7\g kmflzi6x? x/ sf]lzif u/] t}klg ;s]gg\ . lxp“sf] lr;f] l;/]6f]sf]
aLrdf clt cfzf nfUbf] / e/ kbf]{ eP/ x'ls{b} uPsf] 5 . of] lxdfnL sfv of]
lxdfnosf] b]zaf6 l;hL{/x]sf l;h{gfx?n] g]kfnL e'ldsf u/La ef]sf gf+ufnfO{ dfq
xf]Og ljZj e/Lsf ;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ ;d]t p7 hfu eGb} cfx\jfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;'t]sf
a:tLx?nfO{ lgb|faf6 Ao"“emfpg 3R3RofO/x]sf 5g\ .
of] nfna:tL ;f“lRrs} cfzfsf] bLklzvf ag]sf]
5 . ;+;f/s} Kof/f] aGb}5 ;a}lt/ km}lng] cfzfsf] ;'gufef Toxf“ km'ln/x]sf
5g\ . cf“z', xf“;f], /f]bg, lrTsf/, kL8f, cfqmf]zaf6 l;+ufl/+b} x'ls{/x]sf
oL l;h{gfsf d'gfx? ca h:tf];'s} x'/Lsf] emf]Ssf aLrdf klg ef“lrg] 5}gg\ .
Pp6f …OR5'sÚsf] cGTo]li6 kl5 emg\ hGd“b}5g\ xhf/f}+ OR5'sx? . o:t} 5g\
nfn a:tLsf jf:tljs syfx? . gof“ o'usf /ftf dfG5]x?n] lxhf]sf] r]tgfaf6
xf]Og ;+;f/nfO{ cfhs} r]tgfaf6 a'em]/ gof“ o'usf gof“ DoflS;d uf]sL{, n'z'gx?
hGdL;s]sf 5g\ . x/]s zAbdf dfS;{jfbL ;f}Gbo{tfn] l;+ufl/Psf l;h{gfx? cToGt}
v'zL nfUbf 5g\ . oL >i6fx?sf l;h{gfx?nfO{ juL{o cfGbf]ng;“u hf]8\g',
o;sf] ;+/IF0f ug'{df @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf qmflGt xf“ls/x]sf /ftf of]4fx?n] klg Wofg
lbg} kg]{5 / lhDdf klg x'g]5 . jgkfvfdf 5/k:6 km'n]sf km"nx?nfO{ ;+sng
u/L Pp6} dfnfdf pg]/ 5f8\g' cfkm}df ;'Gb/tf x'G5 . b'Zdgsf] rf}tkmL{ 3]/f
leq} klg sfnf] lgzfnfO{ lr/]/ nfn j:tLdf em'lNsPsf] ;flxTo l;h{gfn] ;of}+ hgtfsf]
dfemdf ;DkGg Tof] ;flxTo uf]i7Ln] dnfO{ oxL lzIff lbof] . d}n] w]/} k|sf/sf
;flxTo l;h{gfx? x]g{ kfP clg k|lzlIFt eP“ / :jo+ d cfkm}nfO{ snd rnfpg] sfddf
yk xf};nf k|bfg u¥of] .
b'Zdgsf] HofbtLn] v/fgL ePsf tL 3/x?sf]
aLrdf cToGt} phf8 / p/f7nfUbf] Tof] 7fp“df xfn} dfq /ftf] a:tLsf] Tof] ;flxTo
uf]i7Ldf Ps x'n sndljbx? xftdf sflk snd ;dft]/ hDdf ePsf lyP . b'Zdgaf6 v/fgL
kfl/Psf 3fOt] 3/x?n] cf“z' emfb}{ tL >i6fx?nfO{ 3fon xftx?n] :jfutsf d'¶L
p7fp“b} clejfbg 6qm\ofp“b} lyP .
zxLb nnL /f]sfsL a'9L cfdf ;]t} km'n]sf s]z,
xftdf n¶L, rfpl/Psf ufnf, pxf“ d~rdf k|j]z ug'{ePsf] lyof] . glhs} hnhnf
kxf8df ;]t} lxp“ 6lNs/x]sf] lyof] . w'lk;Nnf clg v;'{sf a'6fx? Ps
cf;kf;df d':s'/fp“b} snd af]s]sf slj / snfsf/x?nfO{ cfpm / n}hfpm xfd|f] syf,
/+ufpm dl;n] sflkdf b]zsf] Joyf olx >i6fx?sf] sd{ / wd{ xf] elg/x]sf xf]nfg\
h:tf] nfUYof] .
5x/f, kx/f clg kxf8 af]NYof] . ;'Gb/
ufp“sf yf]qf 3/x? af]NYof] . ;fob ;flxTosf/x?sf Tof] x'n b]v]/} x'gk5{ .
;a} slj snfsf/x? af]Nby]– æca of] ufp“sf] syf n]Vg' k5{, o; ufp“sf] gf6s
n]Vg' kb{5 . ca t oxL ufp“ leq 6]lnlkmNd agfpg' k5{ .Æ ;a}n] cfýý–cfÎgf
ljifoj:t' clg dtx? cfÎg} sflksf kfgfdf l6Kb}y] . ;flxTosf/x? clns efj's
klg x'G5g\, efjgf g} l;h{gfsf] >f]t xf] . km]/L Tof] /ftf >i6fx?n]
efjgfnfO{ abNb} sfkL snd af]s]/ ;'Gb/ cUnf 6fs'/f lt/ bf}8Gy] . 8f“8f
kfvfx?n] klg >i6fx?nfO{ eGg] ub{y] …P sndljb /ftf dfG5]x? xf], d]/f] 5fltdf
b'Zdgn] ;+uLg /f]Kof] clg d]/f] 3f“6Ldf kmf;Lsf] kf;f] nufO{ lbof] . t/,
cx“ d em'Sb} em's]g a? d ltd|} k|ltIffdf
al;/x]+ . ca d]/f] ;Gb]z ;+;f/df k'¥ofO{ b]pm .Ú o;f] 6fpsf] p7fP/
x]bf{ Kof/f] yjfª jlQ;bGt b]vfO{ d':s'/fO{ /x]sf] lyof] . cf+ugdf tf]t]
af]nL af]Ng] zxLbsf 5f]/f 5f]/Lx?, ufp“sf s]6f s]6Lx? sf7sf aGb's agfO{
b'ZdgnfO{ lg;fgf /fvL n8fO{sf] v]n l;ls/x]sf lyP . cfqmf]lzt efjdf s'ln{P
sljx? o;/L –
vj/bf/
vj/bf/ b'i6x? xf]
xfd|f]
of] j:tLnfO{ hnfpg] cf“6 gu/
dfcf]jfbL
…cft+ssf/LÚ df/] eg]/
lgbf]{if
lgz:q hgtf dfg]{ sfd gu/
Gofosf]
cfuf] blGs;Sof]
o;nfO{
lgefpg] b'Z;fx; gu/ .
o:t} cfjfh;“u} /ftf em08fx? kmx/fp“b}
j[4f, o'jf, o'jtL vrfvr d~rdf k|j]z u/] . cfºg} vfd efiffaf6 æcfDd} cfpm
;g]{ afnf / s] of 8f/Lo lgrL el/j lnHof ;fgLÆ eGb} lyP hgtfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ slj
sljtfs} dfWodaf6 af]Nb} lyP . @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf /ftf dfG5]x?nfO{ /ftf] ;nfd
sf]xL o'jfx? cf“vf tb}{ b'Zdgx?nfO{ y'Ss kfkL t]/f] axfb'/Ltf eGb} v;Lsf] df;'
em'0ofO{ s's'/sf] df;' a]Rg] sDo'lgi6 gfdwf/L u2f/ Pdfn]nfO{ ;d]t r]tfjgL lbPsf
lyP . cfuf]n] 89fO{Psf 3/x? tkm{ gh/ nufp“b} s;}n] sf?l0fs nodf uLt ;+uLt
u'~hfodfg agfp“b} lyP .
;a}n] o:tf] cfvd sf6\y] ls ca of] k~rfotL :ofp/]x?
hgtfsf] cufl8 w]/} lbg l6Sb}g . o;sf] cGTo lglZrt 5 / ;j{xf/f ju{sf] /fHo;Qf
lgdf{0f eP/} 5f8\g]5 . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf ;a}af6 sfo{qmdsf] l6Kk0fL ub}{ gof“
o'u xf“Sgsf] nflu gof“ >i6fx?sf] ;+/If0f ;a}n] ug'{k5{ eGg] ub{y] .
uf]i7Ldf cfºgf l;h{gf kf7 u/L ljh]tf k|fKt ug]{ >i6fx?nfO{ cfof]hs sld6Ln]
k'/:s[t u¥of] . To;n] cem :j:y k|lt:kwf{Tds 9+uaf6 l;h{gf ug'{k5{ eGg]
k|]/0ff yk]sf] 5 . l;sf?sf ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf l;h{gf g} eP klg dfS;{jfbL ;f}Gbo{n]
cToGt} l;+ufl/Psf]n] ;f“Rr} nfn j:tLaf6 hlGdPsf Tof] >i6fsf l;h{gfx?
;"of]{bosf] gljg ls/0f em}+ em'lNs/x]sf 5g\ .
o]gfg
æo'4
/Qmkftk"0f{ /fhgLlt xf] eg] /fhgLlt /QmkftxLg o'4 xf] .Æ o'4 leGg ?kn]
/fhgLlts ;Qf k|flKtsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] ;fwg dfq xf] . o; s'/fsf] dd{nfO{
s= dfcf]n] cfºg} g]t[Tjdf lrlgof qmflGtsf] Jojxf/åf/f k'li6 u/]/ ;+Zn]if0f ug{'
ePsf] 5 . …o'4 ;fWo xf]Og ;fwg xf]Ú ;fWo t /fhg}lts ;Qf g} xf] .
o;y{ jftf{ klg ;fWo xf]Og ;fwg xf] ;fWo t /fhg}lts ;Qf g} xf] . cfh w]/}sf]
rfxgf zflGtsf] nflu jftf{ g} pko'Qm ;fwg xf] eGg] hgdtsf] sb/ /x]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts
;Qfdf Gofof]lrt 9+un] clwsf/ b'j} ljk/Lt o'4/t zlQmx?n] lbg] ;t{df ;xdlt sfod
ePdf Pp6f ;fk]Iftfdf zflGt sfod x'G5 . /fhgLlts p2]Zo xfl;n ug{] ;a} pkfo /
k|lqmofx? aGb eP eg] /fhgLlts p2]Zo kl/k"lt{sf] nflu ;z:q an k|of]usf]
clGtd c:q ;fwgsf] ?kdf /Qmkftk"0f{ o'4sf] k|lqmof cjnDag ug{] ul/G5 .
of] /fhgLltsf] ;fdfGo ;}Go r]tgf xf] . o'4sf] k|s[lt / p2]Zoaf/] a'‰g]
s'/f g} d'Vo s'/f xf] .
xfd|f]
b]zsf] ;Gbe{df hgo'4 Gofok"0f{ o'4 xf] . o;sf lj?4 hgtfdfly
lgd{dtfk"j{s bjfpg] o'4 cGofok"0f{ / k|ltlqmofjfbL o'4 xf] .
hgo'4 hgtfsf] kIfdf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] l;4fGtåf/f n};, ;r]t ;j{xf/fju{sf]
kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf ax';+Vos pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, ln+u / If]qsf ;d'bfox?n] &
jif{b]lv eLif0f ljb|f]xsf] k|lqmofåf/f gof“ /fhg}lts ;QfnfO{ ;dfgfGt/ s]Gb|Lo
;Qf /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngdf ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . of] clxn]sf] tTsfnLg oyfy{tf xf] .
o;sf lj?4 d'¶Le/ ;fd|fHojfbL / b]zL ;fdGtL bnfn k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] cfºgf] lglxt
:jfy{ /Iffsf nflu dfgj hflts} cl:tTj gi6 ug{] u/L hgo'4 lj?4 cGofok"0f{,
lgd{d / qm"/td o'4 yf]k/] . h;sf] kl/0ffd pgLx?sf] kIfdf ljNs"n
hg;dy{g /x]g / s]jn aGb's, ;Qf / k};fsf] e/df d'v{tfk"0f{ 9+un]
cGofok"0f{ lx+;fsf] v]tLdfq u/] . o;n] pgLx?sf lj?4 emg\ 7"nf]
cfqmf]z, 3[0ff, ljb|f]x / k|lt/f]wnfO{ dfq dnhn ug{ k'Uof] . h;sf] kl/0ffd
gof“ /fHo;Qfsf] pbo :yfgLo txb]lv ljzfn u|fdL0f e"efudf sfod eP/ cfof] /
zx/s]lGb|t k'/fgf] ;Qf k/fhosf] k/fsfi7fdf cfOk'Uof] . cfh d'n's @ /fHo;Qfsf]
cfdg];fdg] zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] j:t'ut w/ftnLo kl/0ffddf plePsf] 5 . oxL oyfy{
cj:yfdf xfd|f] d'n'ssf] ljlzi6 e"/fhg}lts l:yltsf] b"/ufdL k|efj /
dxTjnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} ax'k|ltlIft jftf{ k|lqmof cl3 a9]sf] 5 . of] ljlzi6
kl/0ffdnfO{ sd cf“Sg] oyfl:yltjfbL k|ltufdL ;f]+r / rnv]n g} jftf{sf] afws
zlQm /x]sf] 5 . jftf{sf] /QmkftxLg /fhgLlts dfWod -5nkmn / ;+jfb_ k|lqmofåf/f
;d:ofsf] xn ug{] cu|ufdL j}1flgs / j:t'jfbL PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] k|r08kysf]
gljgtd b[li6sf]0fsf] cfwf/df cl3 a9\b}, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] zflGtk"0f{
lgsf;sf] k|lqmof / jftf{nfO{ 6]a'n /fhg}lts df]rf{sf] ?kdf u|x0f u/L cToGt
OdfGbf/Lk"j{s lhDd]jf/Laf]w / ;+odsf ;fy Oltxf;sf] cu|ufdL wf/fsf] g]t[Tj
u/]sf] 5 . of] s;}sf] dgf]ut OR5fsf] kl/0ffd xf]Og, of] cfjZostfsf] pkh xf] .
o;nfO{ z+sf, if8\oGqsf] 3]/fleqaf6 x]g{] / lglxt :jfy{sf] nflu c;kmn hfnem]n ug{]
b'isfo{ s;}n] u/] Oltxf;n] p;sf] cl:tTj slxNo} gAo"emg] u/L c:tfpg] s'/f
lglj{jfb 5 .
ljZjsf
Gofok|]dL hgtf Pj+ qmflGtsf/L;j{xf/fju{n] xfl;n u/]sf cGt/f{li6«o lzIff /
cg'ejsf] ;f/df cfºg} hgo'4sf] df}lns ljsf;sf] ljlzi6tfdf jt{dfg zlQm ;Gt'ngsf]
s]Gb|Lo cj:yfnfO{ dfn]dfjfbsf] j}1flgs ljlwsf] >[+vnfnfO{ k|r08kyn] cfºgf]
df6f], b]z, sfn / kl/l:yltcg'?k 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f ub{} cfhsf] ;fdflhs
juL{o cGt/lj/f]wsf] ;TotfnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ of] ;tfAbLsf] hgqmflGtsf] ;xL g]t[Tj
u/]sf] s'/f ca a'h{'jf k|hftGqjfbLx?n] ;d]t cfºgf] j}rfl/s g]tfsf] ?kdf jf:tljs
?kn] k|r08kynfO{ lng Oltxf;n] afWo kf/]sf] 5 . of] Oltxf;sf] d"Nof+sg
xf] . o;y{ k|r08ky of] ztfAbLs} hgqmflGtsf] gjLgtd df]8]n dflgG5 .
cfh
b]zdf j:t'tM b'O{ /fhgLlts ;Qf, ax';+Vos gof“ u|fdL0f hg;Qf / 3]/faGbLdf /x]sf]
zx/L / ;b/d'sfdl:yt k'/fgf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qf / tLg /fhg}lts wf/faLr cl:tTj 6s/fjsf]
ljlzi6 l:ylt g} clxn]sf] clgjfo{ jftf{ k|lqmofsf] kl/0fltsf] ?kdf OdfGbf/Lk"j{s
:jLsfg{'k5{ / k6d'v{ 9+un] oyfy{tfsf] of] kf/bzL{tfnfO{ ckf/bzL{ b]Vg] w[i6tf ug{'
x'“b}g . b]z, sfn, kl/l:yltcg'?k b]zsf] df6f] / hgtfsf] 9's9'sLnfO{ ;fj{ef}d
zlQm / ldngljGb' dfGg] ;femf Ph]08f / k|lqmof g} clxn]sf] cu|ufdL lgsf; xf] .
clxn]
b]zdf # /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0f / wf/faLr n8fO{ eO/x]sf] 5 . klxnf] lgzt{ /
hgcg'df]lbt cu|ufdL d"nwf/f h;sf] g]t[Tj ;j{xf/fju{sf] kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
åf/f k|:t't Go"gtd hgclwsf/sf] Uof/]06L / /Iff ug{sf nflu a'h{'jfx?n] g}
dfGotf lbPsf] k|hftflGqs ljlw / k|lqmof uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
Ph]08f hf] cfh ljsNk/lxt Ph]08f xf] . bf];|f] wf/f oyfl:yltjfbL wf/f, h;sf]
g]t[Tj ;+;bjfbL u'6x?sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] csd{0otf 9'nd'n] ?9Lu|:t b[li6sf]0f /x]sf]
5 . h;n] pxL k'/fg} d[t / ;+;bsf] k'gj{xfnL tyf ToxL k'/fgf] ;+/rgfdf ;/sf/
u7gsf] kZjfufdL b[li6uf]r/ /x]sf] 5 eg] t];|f] wf/ lg/+s'ztfjfbL ;fdGtL
clwgfosjfbLx?sf] k|ltudgsf/L wf/ xf], h;sf] g]t[Tj b/jfl/of zlQmn] u/]sf] 5 /
h;n] hgtfsf] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ vf]:g] / j}b]lzs cf8df x's'dL zf;g;Qf sfod ug{]
gf+uf] if8\oGq ul//x]sf] 5 .
oL #
cu|udg, k|ltudg / oyfl:yltjfbL wf/faLrsf] lqkIfLo cGt/åGåsf] lgisif{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
r'gfjdf hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ lbg] /QmkftljxLg cGt/åGåsf] 6]a'n o'4 g} jftf{ xf] .
o;df hgtfsf] hgo'4sf] of] dxfg\ pknAwLnfO{ ;+:yfut ub{} jf:tljs hgtfnfO{ clwsf/;DkGg
agfpg] ;Rrf Xbosf ;fy cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] zflGtk"0f{ xnsf] tTk/tf / uDeL/tfk|lt
h;/L ;j{xf/f ju{sf] 6's'8Ln] cfºgf] sDo'lgi6dxfg\ cfbz{ Pj+ OdfGbfl/tf k|bz{g
u/]sf] 5, o;nfO{ k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] cS;/ cfºgf] :jfy{ k"/f ug{], u8a8
dRrfpg], e|d 5g{] / cfºgf] ;Qf:jfy{ arfpg hgtfnfO{ af]sf agfpg] if8\oGq ug{] /
j}b]lzs k|ltlqmofjfbL ;fd' :jfledfg a]r]/ u2f/L ug{] / b]zsf] df6f]dfly ;f}bfjfhL
u/]df Oltxf;df hgtfsf] @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgqmflGtn] Tof] sfnf] Oltxf;sf] kfqnfO{
gfd]6 ug{] 5 / cfºgf] xftdf ;'Gb/ Oltxf; k'gM lgdf{0f ug{]5 . o;y{ Oltx;sf]
wf/f slxNo} klg kl5 kms{b}g . ;dfhljsf;sf] qmd;“u} ;fdflhs cl:tTjsf] ljsf;
gof“ k|lqmofdf km]/jbn x'g] / gof“ cfwf/df cl3 a9\g] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL
lj1fgsf] lgodnfO{ a'‰g] s;}n] klg clxn] xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ / dxfg\
k|r08kysf] Go"gtd sfo{gLltnfO{ df]ntf]n ug{] pko{'Qm cj;/ Pj+ u2f/L / ;Demf}tfsf]
?kdf ckJofVof ug{] b':;fx; / d'v{tf s;}n] gu/f];\ . Jou|tfk"j{s
jftf{nfO{ cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] lgsf;df k'¥ofpg] ;lbR5f / cfsf+Iff u/]sf
d'n'sjf;Lsf] lgu/fgL Pj+ xHhf/f}+ ;xof]4fx?sf] dxfg\ alnbfgaf6 k|fKt of]
pknAwLnfO{ gof“ g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] ;'Gb/ / ;d[4 eljZodfly v]njf8 ug{ hgtfn] lbg]
5}g / Oltx;sf] of] clUgk/LIffdf s'g} b]zL÷ljb]zL k|ltudgsf/L if8\oGq / u2f/L
Pp6f b]zeQm, Gofo / :jtGqtfk|]dL g]kfnLsf] nflu ;x\o} x'g]5}g . oxL g}
clxn]sf] jftf{sf] cf}lrTo / lgisif{ x'g]5 .
ljZj
hgo'4sf]
ljsf; / To;n] kf/]sf] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o k|efj;“u} ;ftf}+ jif{ k"/f
u/L cf7f}+ jif{ k|j]zsf] k|f/lDes r/0fn] Pp6f laNs"n gof“ kl/l:ylt l;h{gf
ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] aLrdf cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] 9f]sf v'Ng] cfzf b]vf k/]sf]
5 . ljutsf] pknlAwxLg jftf{sf lglDt jftf{ xf]Og ;d:of lgsf;sf lglDt jftf{
x'g'kb{5 eGg] eo+s/ 7"nf] hgbjfjaf6 k'/fgf] ;Qf rf}tkmL{ 3]/faGbLdf k/]sf]
5 eg] qmflGtsf] g]tfsf] ?kdf :yflkt dxfg\ Pj+ uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
nfO{ ;d]t vj/bf/L ePsf] 5 . of] l;nl;nfdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] tkm{af6
jftf{ z'? ug{ lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s ;a} tof/L k"/f ul/;s]sf] 5 . 8f=afa'/fd
e§/fO{sf] g]t[Tjdf % ;b:oLo Pp6f zlQmzfnL jftf{ 6f]nL ;d]t ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf] of] sbdnfO{ cfjZos kbf{ l;+uf] b]zsf] lhDdf lng] x}l;otn] uDeL/
lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy k|:t't ePsf] dx;'; ;j{q eO/x]sf] 5 . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjsf] csf{] ljsNk gePsf] / of] dfq} zlQm ;Gt'ng
/ jt{dfg\ ;+s6sf] Ps dfq} lgsf; ePsf] dfgjclwsf/jfbL, a'l4hLjL, gful/s ;dfh Pj+
/fhg}lts bnsf] dxTjk"0f{ 7"nf] lx:;fn] bfjL u/]sf] 5 . ;f/tM
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf b]zsf] ;du| kIf pleg k'u]sf]
5 . t/ k'/fgf] ;QfkIfaf6 clxn] klg jftf{nfO{ cToGt} xNsf, u}/lhDd]jf/L
/ k'/fgf] ;Qfdf ljno jf cfTd;dk{0fsf] ?kdf lnO/x]sf] 5 . of] jf Tof]
jxfgfdf cfºgf] cfo' nDAofpg] / jftf{ ljyf]Ng] y'k|} cfwf/x? b]vf k/]sf]
5 . jftf{ 6f]nL gagfpg', ;]gf Aof/]sdf kms{g'sf] ;§f dfcf]jfbLsf
sfo{stf{nfO{ 3]/f xfNg', xltof/ vf]:g', cbfntn] ;kmfO lbPsfnfO{ ;d]t k'gM lu/ºtf/
ug{', nfkQf kfl/Psfsf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs gug'{, aGbLx?nfO{ g5f]8\g', dfcf]jfbLn]
agfPsf rf}tf/f–u]6 tf]8kmf]8 ug{', ;j{;fwf/0fsf] vfgtnf;L ug{', ;+rf/ dfWodnfO{
Psnf}6L b'?kof]u ug{', xfd|f] nrstfnfO{ sdhf]/L 7fGg', jftf{ z'? g} geO{, ;fd|fHojfbL
zlQms]Gb|x? jftf{nfO{ ue{d} aGWofs/0f u/]/ gk';+s agfpg rnv]n a9\g'n] To;sf]
k'li6 ub{5 . To;}sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df ;+;bLo dWodfuL{ kf6L{x? ;fd|fHojfbL /
k|ltudgsf/Lx?sf] cfzLjf{b / 5q5fofaf6 aflx/ lg:sg' eGbf klg k6sk6s a]tfndf
pQ]lht eP/ afRg] / b/jf/;“u dfcf]jfbLsf] uf]Kojftf{, b'Oj6f aGb'sn] /fhg}lts
bnnfO{ kfvf nufpg] sf]lz;, :yfgLo :t/df uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL aGg cfºgf
sfo{tf{nfO{ k|ltaGw, ljutsf s]xL xfd|f sdhf]/LnfO{ k|ltzf]wsf] ?kdf lng] cflb sf/0fn]
;+;bjfbLx? jftf{k|lt lhDd]jf/L 5}gg\ / jftf{ ef“8\g] / cgfjZos z+sf, cljZjf; /
a]s'kmLsf] v]tL ul//x]sf 5g\ . j}b]lzs ;]gf cfpg] xNnf u/]/ cft+s l;h{gf ug{]
/ hgtfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{af6 s6fpg] if8\oGqsf] v]n klg ;fyd} z'? ePsf] 5 .
o;}sf] ;]/f]km]/f]af6 cfhsf] g]kfnsf] j:t'l:ylt u'lh|/x]sf] 5 .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
n] cfhsf] ;+s6sf] lgsf; k|ltudgsf/L eLif0f g/;+xf/, qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] pTsif{
hgo'4 / dWodfuL{ ;'wf/sf] tLgj6f af6f] dWo] Pp6f af6f] cfhsf] ;Gt'ngn] ks8\g
clgjfo{ 5 . of] l:ylt w]/} lbg /xg g;Sg], oyfl:yltdf b]z emg} lgl:qmotfdf
km:g] / j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf] ;kgf b]v]sf unt tTjx?nfO{ v]Ng] cj;/ ldNg]5 .
klxnf] k|ltudgsf/Lx? eLif0f g/;+xf/ u/]/ ;f/f k|hftGqjfbL zlQmnfO{ Wj:t kf/]/
PstlGqo zf;gsf] ljlwåf/f ;d:of xn ug{ rfxG5g\ . b/jf/ xTofsf08, !* c;f]hsf]
sbd To;sf] yfngLsf] ljGb' xf] . To;sf lglDt ljb]zL ;]gf leq\ofpg klg kl5
gkg{] b]lvG5 . bf];|f] qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ;a} tx / tKsfsf] ;xof]udf qmflGtsf]
lgoldt k|lqmofåf/f k|ltudgsf ;f/f xs{tnfO{ Wj:t kf/]/ hgtfsf] u0ftflGqs
Joj:yfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ub{} c? k|ultsf lglDt k|lt:kwf{Tds lgsf; h;nfO{ @! cF}+
ztfAbLsf] hgjfbåf/f klg xn ug{ ;lsG5 . t];|f] aLrsf] af6f] hf] clxn]
o'4lj/fdsf] ;fydf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjsf] af6f]
x'“b} ;a}eGbf cK7\of/f]df /x]sf dWodfuL{x?sf] ;fydf jftf{åf/f zflGtk"0f{
k|lt:kwf{Tds tl/sfn] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] af6f] . of] tLgj6f dWo]
Pp6fn] k"0f{tf k|fKt u/] kl5 dfq} åGå Joj:yfkg cyjf eLif0ftfsf] aLraf6
cufl8 al9/x]sf] u[xo'4sf] cGTo x'G5 . of] ljsNk s;}n] rfx]/ jf grfx]/ x'g]
xf]Og of] t ju{;+3if{s} xnsf] lgod cg';f/ dfq} x'g] ub{5 . To;nfO{ s;}n]
pNn+3g ug{] s'r]i6f ug{' eg]sf] cfkm} s'lrg' xf] . ju{;+3if{sf] lgodnfO{
sfdgf / efjgfsf] t s'/} 5f]8f}+ ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg zlQmn] pNn+3g ug{ ;Sb}g .
klxnf] ;d:ofsf]
xnsf] ljlw hf] Oltxf;sf] kf+u|fnfO{ k5fl8 ws]Ng] kZrufdL / k|ltufdL ljrf/ xf] .
hf] cfh;Dd ;+;f/df st} ;kmn ePsf] 5}g / x'g klg ;Sb}g . hgo'4sf] z'?sf]
r/0fdf dfcf]jfbL hgo'4nfO{ b':;fx;, c;Dej b'ik|rf/sf] ;+1f lbOof] . cl3Nnf]
jftf{;Dd cfp“bf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;xfos kmf];{ k'ln;dfly ljho k|fKt u/]/ jftf{sf]
jftfj/0f ag]sf] s;}sf ;fd' l5k]sf] 5}g . Tof] jftf{sfndf zflGtk"0f{
cfGbf]ng -hf] sf7df8f}+sf] hgk|bz{g_ ;d]t ug{ b/jf/ / ;+;bjfbLx?n] lbPgg\ .
xfdL lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s nfUbf nfUb} klg jftf{ s]jn jftf{sf] nflu eof] lgsf;sf
nflu ePg . k|ltufdL / ;fd|fHojfbLx? t jftf{ ef“8\g] kIfdf lyPg} ;+;bjfbLx?
;d]t xfdLnfO{ ;]gfsf] d'vdf ws]n]/ Wj:t kfg{ rfxGy] . To; jftf{leq lgs}
7"nf] if8\oGq kf6L{n] b]v]kl5 bfª, :ofªhf / ;Nn]/Ldf axfb'/ hgd'lQm ;]gfn]
eLif0f wfjf af]Nof] / ;kmntf k|fKt u¥of] . ;+s6sfn / ;]gf kl/rfngkl5 ;a}n]
ljho pT;j g} dgfP eGbf km/s kb{}g . ;]gf kl/rfng / ;+s6sfnkl5 ufd, ln:g], ;lGwvs{,
nfxfg / h'Dnfsf] pRr kmf}hL sfjf{xL;Dd cfpbf zfxL ;]gf /Iffdf ws]lng afWo eof] /
htfst}af6 zfxL ;]gf, nfn;]gfåf/f nufl/g k'u] . ! jif{sf] nfn;]gfsf] k|xf/
yfDg zfxL ;]gf c;kmn /x\of] . dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 w'nf]lk7f] ePsf] b]Vg rfxg]
b]zL ljb]zL unt tTjx? lha|f] 6f]Sg yfn] . To;}sf] aLrdf zfxL ;]gfn] b}lgs
bh{gf}+sf] lx;fan] dfG5]x? dfl/g], n'6kf6, anfTsf/, nfkQf, cfuhgL, bdgn] ljutdf
k'ln;n] u/]sf] HofbtLsf] /]s8{ ;a} tf]l8P . Pdfn], sf+u|];, hgdf]rf{, d;fn,
/fk|kf ;a}nfO{ ;]gfn] d];f] nufP/ b'xfO{ v]nfof] . z]/] d08nLnfO{ cufl8
;f/]/ ;+;f/}af6 cfzLjf{b / leIff lng emf]nL lkm+hfOof] . a]lNhodsf] 36gfn]
g]kfnLnfO{ d'v b]vfpg] af6f] /x]g . ;+;bLo lgjf{rgsf] Ps ;"qLo dGqn]
cfºg} kf6L{nfO{ nTofp“b}, km'6fpb} z]/axfb'/ xfjfdf bf}l8P . Tof] b/jf/
/ ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] if8\oGqnfO{ e08fkmf]/ ug{'eGbf klg ;+;bjfbL, dWodfuL{x? v:nf
/ vfp“nf eg]/ Tot}lt/ nf]leP / cfkm} Wj:t ePsf] kQ} kfPgg\ . kl5 ;]gf /
k'ln;n] r'gfj x'g g;Sg] s'/f /fv]kl5 dfq} ;+;bjfbLx? Jo"lemP . z]/axfb'/
d08nLsf] r'gfj ;fg{] axfgfdf c;Ifd k|wfgdGqLsf] pkfwL ;lxt avf{:tsf] lgo'lQm
lbOof] . c;f]h !* sf] zfxL 3f]if0ff eof] . of] ;d:t ;+;bLo d'No dfGotf
ljkl/t 5 . ;a} s'/fn] k"0f{tf ePkl5 dfq} nf5Lx? ltg5Ss k/] .
dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] pGgtLdfly k|xf/ ug{ prfn]sf] zfxL ;]gf / ;+s6sfnsf] ljzfn
b'Oj6f 9'+uf cfºg} v'§fdf alh{P/ ;+;bjfbLx?sf] b'Oj6} v'§f 7gSs} ef“lrPsf]
5 . of] ;+s6sfn / ;]gf kl/rfng lj?4 gplebfsf] kl/0ffd xf] . h;nfO{
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] ;+s6sfn pgLx?s} lglDt sfn ePsf] ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] 5 .
zfob of] 36gfqmdaf6 ;+;bjfbLx? cem} gr]t]sf] cfefif ;a}nfO{ eO/x]sf] 5 .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] l;nu'8L a}7s nufotsf y'k|} k6s ePsf jftf{df ;hu u/fPsf]
zAb sfgdf u'l~h/x]s} xf]nfg\ . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] nrstf / ;xhtfnfO{
sdhf]/Lsf] ?kdf lng] e'nsf] kl/0ffdn] c;kmntf xft nfUof] .
clxn]
klg cd]l/sf / ef/tLo ;]gf cfp5 / b]z /utsf] kf]v/Ldf 8'Ag] 5 eg]/ dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{ / hgtfnfO{ cft+lst t'Nofpg], jftf{df em'Sofpg] / cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] ljifoaf6
Wofg x6fP/ ;fdfGo ;'wf/åf/f oyfl:yltnfO{ sfod /fVg] / g]kfnsf] pGglt / k|ultsf]
aGWofs/0f ug{] tTjx? tLj| ;lqmo eP/ nfu]sf 5g\ . o'4 lj/fdsf] nuQ}
dfcf]jfbL g]tf / /fhfaLr uf]Ko jftf{, b'O{j6f aGb'ssf] ;Demf}tf, /fhg}lts
kf6L{x?nfO{ jftf{af6 cnu kfg{] if8\oGq, /x:odo jftf{ cflb ckmfx b':k|rf/ eO/x]sf]
5 . o;sf] k5fl8 ;fd|fHojfbL zlQm s]Gb|sf] if8\oGq /x]sf] ;lhn}
cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . clxn]sf] jftf{ dfgjclwsf/jfbL, k|a'4 a'hLhLjL ju{, gful/s
;dfh, ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbL qmflGtsf/L kIf / hg;d'bfox?sf] ;r]t kxn, bjfj, 3]/faGbL
ljz]iftM hgo'4n] k|fKt u/]sf] zlQm ;Gt'ngn] of] ;Dej ePsf] xf] . o;sf] cy{
of] xf]Og j}b]lzs x:tIf]k x'“b}g, a? xfdL ;a} ldn]/ j}b]lzs x:tIf]k lj?4sf]
l56f] tof/L ug{'k5{ gq j}b]lzs x:tIf]k x'G5 / /utsf] vf]nf] aUb5 eGg'sf] s] t's
†
cd]l/sL
/fhb"tfjf;n] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg a]nfot–cd]l/sf / ef/tsf] ;xdltdf xn
ug{'kb{5 eg]/ hf] pQ]lht / gUg eP/ jQmJo hf/L u/] To;df k'/fgf] ;Qf / To;sf
vngfossf] e"ldsfnfO{ 7f8} c:jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . csf{] s'/f ;fd|fHojfb
o;/L pQ]lht x'g'df g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljhon] ljZj qmflGt hGdfpg] ePsfn] g} xf] .
olb g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljho g]kfns} l;dfleq dfq} s}b aGg] eP zfob of] s;}sf]
vf]hLgLltsf] ljifo aGg] g} lyPg . dfcf]jfbL #÷$ jif{ cufj} ;Qfl;g eO;Sg]
lyof] . b'lgofn] g]kfndf s] x'“b}5 eGg] rf;f] zfob} x'g] lyPg .
hgo'4sf] ljhon] ef]lnlaxfg} ljZj qmflGtsf] Hjfnf bGsg] / blIf0f Plzofdf t emg}
89]nf] nfUg] ;a}n] hfg]dfg]sf] s'/f x'g'kb{5 . xfdLn] ;fdfGotM eGb} cfPsf]
g]kfnL qmflGt ljZj qmflGtsf] cleGg c+u xf], ljZj qmflGtsf] ;]jf xf] cflb .
l/dn] t g]kfn ljZj qmflGtsf] cfwf/Onfsf xf] eg]/ pRr ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] 5 .
of] l:yltb]lv ;fd|fHojfbLx? tl;{Psf 5g\ . of] l:ylt cfpg'df pgLx?s}
zf]if0f, bdg, pTkL8g, xTof lx+;f, n'6kf6 g} lhDd]jf/ 5 . o;/L qmflGtsf]
Hjfnfb]lv 8/fpg' eGbf pTkL8g ug{b]lv tl;{g' 7Ls xf]nf . of] l:yltaf6 l;lh{t
cGt/lj/f]wsf] xn ubf{ pTkGg x'g] kl/0ffdb]lv ;fd|fHojfbL zlQm s]Gb|x? ;+;f/sf
qmflGtsf/Lx?k|lt pQ]lht / cft+lst x'g'eGbf klg tL 3f]/ ck/fw 5f]8\g plrt x'g]5 .
dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx? ;b}j Gofo / ;dfgtfsf] kIfdf pleg] 5g\ . rfx] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf]
h:tf];'s} k|xf/sf] ;fdgf ug{ lsg gk/f];\ . To;}n] ;fd|fHojfbL zlQm s]Gb|x?
ljZj qmflGtsf] 89]nf] nfUg] eon] of] jftf{ ljyf]Ng] kIfdf 5g\ . clxn]
jftf{sf] of] jf Tof] lgotaf6 lj/f]w ug{', ;fd|fHojfbL zlQm s]Gb|sf] v]nf}gf aGg'
xf] .
o;} ;Gbe{df
ef/tLo kIfn] dfcf]jfblnfO{ PWG, sDkf];f, MCC / pNkmfnufotsf kf6L{ / ;d"x;“u
;xefuL / ;/;xof]usf] sf/0f b]vfpb} g]kfndf o'4lj/fd eO/x]sf] a]nf ef/t ;/sf/n]
ljljw sfdsf bf}/fgdf g]kfnLnfO{ lu/ºtf/ ug{], d'2f nufpg], vfgtnf;L ug{], ;'k'b{uL
ug{] ul//x]sf] 5 . of] l:yltdf ef/tsf] o:tf /j}ofn] s'g} klg g]kfnLnfO{
Pp6f ldq /fi6«n] ug{] sfo{ sbflk ePg . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;+;f/sf
Gofok|]dL hgtf / Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf 5 . ef/t ;/sf/ klg ;+;f/
/ ef/tLo hgtfsf] Gofo / ;dfgtfsf] kIfdf /xG5 eg] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;b}j To;sf]
kIfdf 5 . km]l/ klg g]kfnL hgtfn] ldq /fi6«sf] ?kdf :jLsfb{} cfPsf 5g\ rfx]
ef/tn] hlt;'s} x]kfxf gLlt lsg gn]cf];\ . Toxf“sf hgtfn] rnfPsf]
Gofok|]dL cfGbf]ngnfO{ g}lts ;dy{g ug{' dfcf]jfbLsf] s'g} ck/fw xf]Og .
dfcf]jfbLn] ljg nfb]g, n:s/] tf]Ojfx?n] rnfPsf] cft+snfO{ slxn] ;dy{g u/]sf] 5 /
< Tof] sbfkL 5}g / x'g klg ;Sb}g . hxf“;Dd pQ/lt/ ldn]sf] s'/f 5, xfdL
;a} ldq /fi6«;“u ;dfgtf, ;fj{ef}d / k+rzLntfsf] cfwf/df ;DaGw sfod ug{
rfxG5f}+ . ;Tosf] kIfdf pleg', ;a} ldqzlQmx?;“u /fd|f] ;DaGw sfod ug{'
xfd|f] g}lts st{Jo xf] . o;af6 ef/tLo zf;s ju{, k|j'4 ju{ gtl;{bf x'G5 .
dfcf]jfbL
hgo'4sf] g]kfndf ljhosf] h'g ;jfn 5, xfdLn] k6sk6s eGb} cfPsf] s'/f xfd|f]
ljutdf ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf sdhf]/LnfO{ lzIffsf] ?kdf ln+b}, laNs'n} gof“
ljsl;t k|lt:kwf{Tds / l;h{gzLn 9+un] hfg] sf]lz; /x]sf] 5 . h;df ;+u7g
vf]Ng kfpg] / hgtfsf] ljb|f]x ug{] clwsf/nfO{ ;Qfdf ;'lglZrt ug{] lsl;dn] hfg]
k|of;df 5f}+ . @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] of] o'u;Dd cfp“bf k"“hLjfbsf ;a}
df]8]nsf] k|of]u ;+;f/df eO;s]sf] 5 . Tof] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf]
e"d08nLs/0f;Dd cfpbf ;+;bLo df]8]nx?sf] g/fd|f];“u abgfd, 3[0ff /
e08fkmf]/ ePsf] s'/f ca s;}sf] cufl8 l5k]sf] 5}g . cfh ;Rrf ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf
kIfw/ ljnvaGbgdf kb{}, ;fd|fHojfbLsf lj?4 /fli6«otfsf] kIfdf c/af}+ hgtf ;8sdf
lgl:sPsf 5g\ . ef/tsf k|wfgdGqL jfhk]oL, j'z o4sf] lj/f]wdf x'g'x'G5, of]
w]/} ;sf/fTds kIf xf] . t/ tL ;sf/fTds kIfsf] uf]naGw a'zn] abgfd u/fPsf]
k"“hLjfbL ;fd|fHojfbL Joj:yfn] sbfkL ug{ ;Sb}g . rLg / ?;sf]
df]8]nn] dfq} klg uf]naGw ug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n] gof“ df]8]nsf] ?kdf @! cf}+
ztfAbLsf] hgjfbn] of] ;+s6sf] lgsf; lbg ;S5 eGg] kf6L{n] ljZjf; u/]sf] 5 .
Tof] /fli6«otf / k|hftGqsf] qmflGtsf/L ;dfof]hg eP/ g} x'g ;Sb5 . ToxL
b[li6sf]0fn] dfq} ;8sdf lg:s]sf hgtfsf] j}rfl/s g]t[Tj @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbn]
ug{ ;Sb5 .
Oltxf;df
g]kfnL zf;s ju{df hlxn] klg ef/tLo zf;s ju{sf] bnfnL–rfs8L / nDk;f/ kg{]
dgf]j[lQ aGb} cfPsf] 5 . !(%)÷^% nufotsf c;dfg ;lGwn] g]kfndf ef/tn]
ljz]if clwsf/sf] e"ldsfsf] lx:;f ln+b} cfpg] k/Dk/fn] g]kfnLx? x]lkg',
r]lkg', Pp6f k|fGt h:tf] cf}klgj]lzs aGb} cfpg' k/]sf] k'/fgf] ;+:s[lt 5 .
o;df ef/tLo zf;sju{sf] dfq} bf]if eGbf klg g]kfnsf nf5L / c;Ifd zf;sju{sf] xb
bhf{sf] lgrtf a9L lhDd]jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . of] k'/fgf] k/Dk/f / k'/fgf] ;+:s[lt
hf] 5 To;nfO{ tf]8]/ gof“ k/Dk/f / gof“ ;+:s[ltsf] yfngL ug{ l9nf ePsf] dx;';
xfdL ;a}nfO{ ePsf] 5 . h;sf] sf/0fn] g]kfndf ef/tlj/f]wL efjgf a9\b} uPsf]
5 . To;nfO{ cem} a9\g lbof}+ eg] ef/t / g]kfnaLrdf zq'tf a9\g hfg] s'/f
lglZrt 5 . xfdL of] efjgf gi6 u/]/ xflb{s ;DaGw sfod ug{ rfxG5f}+ .
Tof] ;fj{ef}d k+rzLn / ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df dfq} ;Dej 5 eGg] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] dfGotf
/x“b} cfPsf] 5 . of] k'/fgf]
;Qfaf6 sbfkL ;Dej 5}g . To;}n] ;a} vfnsf ljz]if clwsf/sf] cGTo ug{sf nflu
ef/tn] ;xof]u ug{'kg{] g]kfnL hgtfn] ck]Iff u/]sf 5g\ . of] sf]0faf6 ;f]lr/x]sf]
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ b]lv ef/tLo zf;s ju{ t;{g'kg{] s'g} sf/0f xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf
5}gf}+ .
hgo'4nfO{
Wj:t kfg{ ljb]zL ;}Go x:tIf]ksf] vt/fsf] s'/f 5, Tof] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] d'v{tf xf] .
cd]l/sL ;]gf cfof] g} eg] klg g]kfnLdfly a'7 t ah{]nfg Tof] eGbf klg s}of}+
u'0ff vt/f rLgnfO{ 3]/f xfNg cfpg] g} xf] . ef/tsf] Psnf}6L ahf/ sAhf ug{
cfpg] g} xf] . To;}n] cd]l/sL ;]gf g]kfn leq\ofP/ s;}n] ;'v kfpg] b]lvb}g .
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4 pleg] k|mfG;, sf]l/of, hd{g, ?;, rLg dWo s;n] g]t[Tj
u/]/ afhL dfg{] eGg] cfhsf] ;jf{lws rrf{sf] ljifo xf] . cd]l/sf clxn] PSnf]
k/]sf] 5 / pm 56k6fO/x]sf] 5 . To;}sf] kl/0ffd O/fsdflysf] xdnf xf] .
olb ;fd|fHojfbn] b':;fx; g} u¥of] eg] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / To; cGtu{tsf]
hgd'lQm ;]gf v/fa eGbf v/fa kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ /x]sf] 5 / g]kfnL hgtfnfO{
klg ToxL cfx\jfg ul//x]sf 5f}+ . o;/L k|ltudgsf/Lx?sf] ;kgf k"/fgx'g]
s'/f k|i6 5 . pgLx?sf] uf]ojN; z}nLb]lv qmflGtsf/Lx? /fd|};“u kl/lrt /x]sf
5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gf & jif{ n8\of], cfjZostf kbf{ c? ;ft bzs n8\g tof/ /x]sf]
s'/f s;}n] gljl;{P /fd|f] x'G5 .
xfdLn]
u|fdL0f ju{;+3if{sf] qmddf :jo+ ;]js bnsf ;fgf 6's8Laf6 z'? u/]sf] ;]gf lgdf{0f
k|lqmof cfh nfvaf6 psfnf] nfu]sf] 5 . k|r08kyn] ljZjJofkLs/0f k|fKt ub{}
To;}sf] cfnf]sdf Pp6f hAa/, zlQmzfnL kf6L{ g]kfnL hgtf;“u 5 . /fhg}lts ?kdf
k'/fgf] ;Qf /fhwfgLdf s}b ePsf] 5 eg] ljzfn u|fdL0f efux? gof“ ;Qfdf nk]l6Psf
5g\ / v'n]cfd rln/x]sf 5g\ . nfvf}+ nfv hgtf hgo'4df nfdj4 ePsf 5g\ .
kf6L{, ;]gf / df]rf{sf] zlQmzfnL cfqmd0fn] b'Zdgsf ;]gf tx;gx; ag]/ /Iffdf
ws]lnPsf] 5 . ;a}n] :jLsf/]sf] s'/f s] xf] eg] clxn] ;a} zlQm ;Gt'ngdf
cfPsf 5g\ h;sf] sf/0fn] Pp6f jftf{sf] jftfj/0f km]l/ ag]sf] 5 . of]
jftf{sf] l:ylt s;}sf] lgufx / bofn] k|fKt ePsf] laNs'n} xf]Og . To;}n] of]
l:yltnfO{ n8\g g;s]/ 8/n] dfcf]jfbL jftf{df cfPsf] xNnf lkmhfpg] sf]lz; ul/Psf]
5 . clxn] klg ;+;bjfbLx?n] jftf{sf] Ph]08fnfO{ pkxf; u/]sf] xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf]
5 . :yfgLo lgsfo n+u8f] t lyof] g} k'/fgf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ g} Wj:t kf/]/
;+;bjfbLx? cfkm} a]/f]huf/ ePsf 5g\ . Pdfn], sf+u|];sf] ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ /
;+;b k'g:yfkgfsf] s'/f uP u'lh|Psf] l:yltdf /xg] ?l9jfbL ;f]rfO{ xf] . ;f“Rr}
;+;bjfbLx?sf] ToxL l:ylt xf] eg] g]kfnL hgtfn] 3f]/ k|ltudg ef]Ug] jf k|lt/f]w
ug{] eGg] ;jfn xfd|f ;fd' pkl:yt eOxfn]sf] 5 . of] k|lt/f]w o'4nfO{
ljZjf;3ft / wf]sfdf 6'+lug] ;kgf gkfNg xfdL ;a}nfO{ cfu|x ub{{5f}+ . aGb's
/ em08fsf] ckdfg st}af6 gxf];\ eGg] xfdL rfxG5f}+ . cfjZos kbf{ eLif0f
k|lqmofaf6 u'h|g kg{] cfd"n / u'0ffTds kl/jt{gsf] af6f]nfO{ xfdL sbfkL e'Ng]
5}gf}+, of] af6f] sl7gfOsf sf/0fn] 5f]8]sf] xf]Og a? zflGtk"0f{ cu|ufdL
lgsf;sf lglDt :ylut u/]sf] xf], jftf{n] ;fsf/ ?k lnof] eg] xfdL aGb's ;bfsf nflu
lj:yflkt ug{ tof/ 5f}+ . of] sl7g af6f] cjnDag ug{] ls gug{] xfd|f] OR5fn]
xf]Og, Tof] t k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] /j}of / ;+;bLo kf6L{x?sf] e"ldsfdf lge{/ /xg]
5 . xfdL ;+ljwfg ;efsf] DofG8]6nfO{ dfGg tof/ 5f}+ / k|ltj4 5f}+ jf Tof]
eGbf pQd csf{] ljsNksf nflu klg tof/ 5f}+ .
t];|f]
cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] af6f] tfnd]n ;dembf/Lsf] cfwf/df aLrsf] af6f] xf] of] af6f]
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng cyf{t\ cGtl/d ;+;b, cGtl/d ;/sf/ cyf{t\ cGtl/d sfo{sfl/0fL lgsfo,
;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj cyf{t\ ;+ljwfg agfpg] hglgjf{lrt ;+;bsf] ljifon] l;+uf]
b]znfO{ PsLs[t ax;df h'6fPsf] 5 eg] cem ;+;f/d} ax;sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . of]
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng dfly gLlt lgdf{0fsf] tof/L tn sfof{Gjogsf] k"j{ tof/L /xg]5 .
;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj hgcg'df]lbt aGb} klg uPsf] 5 . xfdLnfO{ cfZro{ nfu]sf]
s'/f t ;+;bjfbL dWodfuL{x?n] aflx/ jftf{sf] ;kmntfsf] s'/f u/] klg leq
b'/fu|xsf] s'g} ;Ldf x'“b}g . !@ jif{sf] cjlwdf b]znfO{ jjf{bLsf] vf8ndf
ws]Ng] / hgtfsf] of] cj:yf l;h{gf ug{] sfo{ ;+;bjfbL kf6L{x?sf] ToxL dltn] xf] .
;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ bf]xg ug{] cj;/ ;+;bjfbLx?n] g} lbPsf] xf] . of]
b]z jjf{b agfPsf] dfcf]jfbLn] sbfkL xf]Og . of] t lxhf] gf¨} v'§f
e"ldut hLjg ljtfpg], cfh s/f]8f}+sf] dflns ag]sfx?sf] sf/0fn] g} xf] .
clxn] klg jftf{ ;kmntfsf] sfdgf klg ug{] ;+;bk'g:yf{kgf / ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf]
k'/fgf] / ?l9jfbL dGq klg g5f]8\g] bf]xf]/f] /f]n v]ln/x]sf 5g\ . jftf{
;kmn aGg t To;leqsf] dfu k"/f x'g' k¥of] lg . oL ;a} jsdkm';] s'/f
b]z / hgtfdflysf] n'6kf6 v:of}6nfO{ oyfl:yltdf /fVg] rfn g} xf] . olb
sfdgfn] dfq} b]z / hgtfsf] b'u{tL xn x'g] eP olt w]/} /ut lsg aufpg' kYof{]
xf]nf < To;}n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ck]Iff sfdgfsf] xf]Og ;a}af6 lqmofTdstfsf] xf] .
hgo'4
of] prfOdf cfOk'u]sf] s;}sf] lgufx / sfdgfn] xf]Og, oyfl:yltdf a:g] OR5f / rfxgf
ug{]x?sf] Oltxf;df slxNo} enf] ePsf] klg 5}g . b]z / hgtfnfO{ jjf{bL kfg{]
OR5f / rfxgfn] cfkm} jjf{bL ePsf 5g\ . h;n] ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] xs{t
lj?4 nuftf/ ;z:q wfjf af]Nb} p;sf if8\oGqnfO{ w'nf] lk7f] kfb{} cfPsf] 5 .
To;}nfO{ abgfd u/fpg' / zlQm s]Gb|x?df dfcf]jfbLnfO{ hf]8\g'n] ;+;bjfbL
;fyLx?nfO{ slt ;Gt'i6 / /fxt ldNnf < ljutdf jftf{, ;]gf kl/rfng / ;+s6sfnsf]
af/]df 7Ls lg0f{o gln+bf cfkm}dfly cfkQL cfPsf] s'/f glj;f}+{, dfcf]jfbLsf]
lglDt laNs'n} xf]Og, g]kfnL hgtfsf] kIfdf plelbgf];\ eGg] xfd|f] cfu|x xf] .
clxn] klg ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj hf] ;+;bjfbLx?sf] cfºg} 3/k|lt gt;{g / ;sf/fTds
lqmofTds aGg cfh hgtfsf] cfx\jfg 5 . km]l/ klg To;f] gubf{ wtL{df :yfg} slt
af“sL /xnf / < c?n] prfn]s} e/df pk|mbf kmfObf c?nfO{ k'Ug] 5 . xfdLn]
b'O{ 306f k/ dL; kmfo/ eP/ sfg}af6 uf]nL uPsf] pvfgsf] ;d]t dfkmL dfUb} cfPsf
5f}+ . xfdLnfO{ hgtfsf] kIfdf plebf cfgGb cfp5 g ls lgrtfdf lubf{ .
cfhsf] cfjZostf dxnsf] j/08faf6 b]lvb}g Tof] t lxhf] gf+uf] v'§f lx8]sf ul/a
a:tLaf6 dfq} ;Dej 5 . xfd|f] nrstf / ;xhtfnfO{ sdhf]/Lsf] ?kdf ;+;bjfbLx?n]
b'Tsfbf{ em'k8LnfO{ slt lj‰g] 5 eGg] a'‰g clnslt si6 ubf{ /fd|} x'G5 ls <
To;}n] ljutdf cfºg} a'l4n] c;kmn eP/ k5fl8 k/]sf ;+;bjfbLx?
lg;+sf]r / cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] kIfdf pleg' cfhsf] cfjZostf
xf] .
cGtdf, uf]nd]r
;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;jf{]Qd lxtsf] /Iff /
cfhsf] ;+s6sf] lgsf; dfq} xf]Og, j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf] ;zQm k|ltsf/ klg xf] .
g]kfndf k6sk6s 5nkmnsf] ljifo ag]sf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjk|lt sf]xL klg
k"jf{u|xL, b"/fu|xL aGg'kg{] xfdLn] b]v]sf 5}gf}+ . /utåf/f
cflh{t cfhsf] zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] l:ylt s;}sf] lglhTj geP/ ;a}sf] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds
of]ubfgsf] of]ukmn xf] . ;+;bjfbLx?sf] ;sf/fTds e"ldsf cfhsf] j:t'ut
cfjZostf / o'usf] dfu xf] eGg] s'/f s;}n] e'Ng' x'“b}g, of] j:t'ut cj:yf /
o'usf] dfusf] hudf plePsf] g]kfnL hgtfn] cfkm\gf] ;jf{]Qd lxtnfO{ gsfg{ lbg]
5}gg\ . Oltxf;sf] j]usf] cufl8sf lbjf/x? sfxL+ / slxNo} l6s]sf 5}g /
eljiodf klg l6Sg] 5}gg\ of] oyfy{nfO{ s;}n] ge'nf}+ .