gof“
;Qfsf] jftf{6f]nL kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ub}{ ;fj{hlgs
cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu uDeL/ lhD]djf/Laf]wsf ;fy
jftf{df cfPsf 5f}+– 8f= e§/fO{
sf7df8f}+÷ g]kfnL
hgtfn] ;ft jif{;Dd cfkm\gf] sfvdf e"ldut /fv]sf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf kf“r
jl/i7 g]tfx? k'/fgf] ;Qf;“u jftf{ ug{ zlgaf/ /fhwfgL k|j]z ug'{eof] .
ljb|f]xLkIf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf
jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{nufot ;b:ox? s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, b]a u'?¨
/ dft[sf ofbj @)%@ df3sf] clGtd ;ftfb]lv e"ldut x'g'ePsf] lyof] eg] jftf{
6f]nL ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -afbn_ @)#^ ;fnb]lv e"ldut x'g'x'GYof] .
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n]
hgo'4 ;'? u/]sf] ;ft jif{sf] cjlwdf g]kfnL k|];n] s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fnfO{ ut jif{sf]
jftf{sfndf / b]j u'?¨ tyf dft[sf ofbjnfO{ ;/sf/L lgoGq0fdf o;cl3 b]lv;s]sf]
lyof] . zlgaf/ sf7df8f}+ gof“afg]Zj/l:yt jL/]Gb| cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng
s]Gb|df g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_åf/f cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o
;~rf/sdL{x?sf] d'Vo cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb'df 8f= e§/fO{ / /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -afbn_
x'g'x'GYof] . aGbLu[xsf cf:yfsf aGbLn] tof/ u/]sf] x“l;of–xyf}8f cª\lst
9fsf 6f]kL nufpg'ePsf b]j u'?¨ / db]zL kf]zfsdf pkl:yt x'g'ePsf dft[sf ofbj klg
/fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|d} x'g'x'GYof] .
dfcf]jfbL jftf{
6f]nL z'qmaf/ /fhwfgL k|j]z u/]sf] / zlgaf/ /fhwfgLdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ug]{ va/ ;~rf/
dfWodx?n] k|;f/0f u/]kl5 /fhwfgLdf sfo{/t /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o ;~rf/dfWodsf
clwsf+z ;~rf/sdL{x? dfq xf]Og 6f9f–6f9faf6 ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] klg pNn]Vo
pkl:ylt lyof] . kqsf/ ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf :yndf :yfgfefjsf sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfn] eg] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng:ynd} cfkm\gf Kof/f hgg]tfx?;“u ;fIffTsf/ ug{ kfPgg\ .
ck/fGx rf/ ah]b]lv kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ul/g] ;fj{hlgs eP klg dWofGx !@
ah]b]lv g} jL/]Gb| cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb|df ;~rf/sdL{x? / hgtfsf] Jofks
pkl:ylt x'g yfln;s]sf] lyof] .
kqsf/ ;Dd]ng:yndf
k'Ug gkfPkl5 aflx/ /x]sf hgtfn] /]l8of]x?df kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] va/ ;'Gg ;'? u/]sf
lyP . blIf0f Pl;ofsf] klxnf] ;fd'bflos /]l8of] ;u/dfyf Pkm=Pd= / sflGtk'/
Pkm=Pd=n] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] k|ToIf k|;f/0f u/]sf lyP . cGo, s]xL kqsf/x? cf–cfkm\gf
df]jfOn kmf]gx?dfkm{t\ cfkm\gf z'elrGts / ;~rf/dfWodsf sfof{nox?df k|ToIf hfgsf/L
u/fO/x]sf lyP .
ck/fGx $ ah]/ rfnL;
ldg]6df cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngs]Gb|sf] blIf0f 9f]sfaf6 dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:ox?
k|j]z ubf{ 9f]sf aflx/ xhf/f}+ hgtfn] …dxfg\ zxLbx? cd/ /x"g\, hgo'4 hf/L
5, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhGbfjfb †Ú h:tf gf/f nufp“b} :jfut u/]sf lyP .
l;Gw'kfNrf]s 7"nf]kfv/af6 laxfg} /]l8of]af6 va/ ;'g]/ sf7df8f}+ em/]sf %%
jifL{o kf;fª z]kf{n] eg]– …xfd|f g]tfx?nfO{ x]g{ kfOG5 eg]/ oxf“ cfP“ .
ca pxf“x? v'nf d~rdf cfpg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] dfu 5 . pxf“x?nfO{ cfkm\g} 3/df
;'tfPsf] jf VjfPsf] klg x'g ;S5', t/ of] oxL xf] eGg] lrGg cfPsf] x'“ .Ú
l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf kf;fª z]kf{ h:t} uf]/vf dgsfdgfsf xl/k|;fb vgfn klg laxfg} Pkm=Pd=
;'g]/ s]a'nsf/af6 s'l/g6f/ emb}{ sf7df8f}+ cfOk'u]sf x'g\ . …hgtfn] ;ft
jif{b]lv 7"nf] alnbfgn] hf]ufPsf g]tfx? clxn] s:tf eP xf]nfg\ <Ú pgsf]
lh1f;f lyof] . …;+s6sfndf ;/sf/L /]l8of]n] slxn] afa'/fd, slxn] afbn,
slxn] dx/f dfl/P eGg] u/]sfn] xfdL lgs} lrlGtt lyof}+ . clxn] leq k:bf cf/fd}
b]v]+ . v'zL nfUof] .Ú g'jfsf]6sf c/ljGb clwsf/Lsf] egfO lyof] .
;ftjif{b]lv
cfkm"n] b]ve]6 ug{ gkfPsf bfh' afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ e]6\g kqsf/ ;Dd]ng xnd}
k'u]sf lzak|;fb e§/fO{n] xif{ljef]/ x'“b} eGg'eof]– …d}n] t oxf“af6
b]lv/x]sf] 5' . bfh'n] b]Vg' ePsf] 5}g xf]nf .Ú kqsf/ ;Dd]ng:yndf
lzjk|;fb e§/fO{nfO{ k|ToIfk|;f/0f ul//x]sf /]l8of]x?n] kfl/jfl/s / efjgfTds
k|Zgx? u/]sf lyP .
kqsf/ ;Dd]ng:yn aflx/
s]xL unt JolQmx? / k|x/Ln] em8ksf] l:ylt ;[hgf u/]sf lyP . …nf]slk|o
g]tfx? x]g{ hgtfsf] ljzfn pkl:ylt b]v]/ k|x/L / cjfl~5t tTjx?n] em8k u/]sf x'g\ .Ú
sfo{qmd Joj:yfkgdf vl6Psf Ps ljBfyL{ g]tfn] eg] . …kqsf/x?nfO{ klg pQm
em8kdf rf]6k6s nfu]sf]df xfdLnfO{ g/fd|f] nfu]sf] 5 .Ú pgn] eg] .
kqsf/ ;Dd]ng:yn aflx/;Dd k|zf;gn] k7fPsf Ps hf;'; /S;Ln] dflQP/ k'u]sf lyP .
pgnfO{ :jod\;]jsx?n] ljlzi6tfk"j{s aflx/ k7fPsf lyP . kqsf/x?sf] eL8df
uP/ :jod\;]jsx?nfO{ ;+odtf u'dfpg / hgtfaLr uP/ k|x/Ltkm{ 9'ª\ufd'9f ug]{ sfd
To:t} JolQmx?n] ub}{ cfPsf :jod\;]jsx?sf] k|ltlqmof lyof] .
cfk/fGx $ ah]/ $$
ldg]6df jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] kqsf/x?nfO{ :jfut ug'{ePsf]
lyof] / s]xL l9nf] ePsf]df, s]xL ;~rf/sdL{x?n] k|j]z gkfPsf]df / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf
k|x/Låf/f u]6aflx/ nf7Lrfh{ ePsf]df k|zf;gsf] eT;{gf ub}{ ;a};“u Ifdf
dfUg'ePsf] lyof] . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] ;'?df 8f= e§/fO{n] jftf{ 6f]nLsf cGo ;b:ox?nfO{
kqsf/x?;fd' kl/ro u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . b'O{ k[i7 nfdf] jQmJo kl9;s]/ s/La
8]9 306f;Dd dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL kqsf/x?sf ljleGg lh1f;fx? k"/f ub}{ kqsf/
;Dd]ng xnd} /xg'ePsf] lyof] .
kqsf/x?sf ljleGg
lh1f;fx?sf] hjfkmdf dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] o'4lj/fd,
jftf{–k|lqmof, cfrf/;+lxtf, cfkm\gf tLg k|:tfjx?, /fhgLlts lgsf;, jftf{sf]
eljio, jftf{sf] s'6gLlts dxTjaf/] rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o;} u/L csf]{ jftf{
6f]nL ;b:o afbnnfO{ kqsf/x?n] vf;u/L hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;DaGwdf lh1f;fx? /fv]sf lyP .
dfcf]jfbL :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o;d]t /xg'ePsf pxf“n] hgd'lQm ;]gf hgtfsf] cwLgdf /x]sf]
/ ;j{xf/f kf6L{sf] lgb]{zgdf rNg] ePsfn] jftf{–k|;+udf hgd'lQm ;]gfaf/] s'g}
lrGtf glng ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ ljZj:t kfg'{ePsf] lyof] .
dfcf]jfbL jftf{
6f]nLsf csf{ ;b:o b]j u'?ªn] g]kfnsf] hftLo k|;+u sf]6\ofp“b} ;a} hflt–hghfltnfO{
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / hftLo :jfoQtf k|bfg u/]df dfq g]kfnsf] hftLo ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
x'g] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L jftf{ 6f]nLsf csf{ ;b:o dft[sf ofbjn]
ax';+Vos dw];L hgtfnfO{ k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfn] x]lk/x]sf] atfp“b} g]kfnL hgtfnfO{
jf:tljs cy{df efjgfTTds PsLs/0f ug{ db]zL ;d'bfonfO{ klg /fhgLlts ;Ddfg k|fKt
x'g'kg]{ atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf]
cGtdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] eGg'eof]–
…jt{dfg g]kfnL ;dfhn] pko'Qm cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; vf]h]sf] 5 . of]
lgsf;nfO{ s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g . s;}n] /f]Sg vf]H5 eg] hgljb|f]xsf] Hjfnfd'vL
wl;P/ hfG5 .Ú
kqsf/ ;Dd]ng;DkGg
ePkl5 Toxf“ pkl:yt ;~rf/sdL{x?aLr dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?åf/f kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf JoQm
ljrf/x?af/] uDeL/tfk"j{s 5nkmnx? ePsf lyP . ljb]zL ;~rf/dfWoddf sfo{/t
;~rf/sdL{x?n], …dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL lgs} lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy pkl:yt ePsf] /
g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ jf:tljs cy{df k|hftflGqs clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg] pko'Qm /fhgLlts
ljsNk;lxt k|:t't ePsf]Ú ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP . ljZjsf w]/} b]zdf ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\
gof“ /fhgLlts k|0ffnLx? :yfkgf ePsf / tL k|0ffnLx?n] ;+ljwfg ;ef k"j{
hgtfn] pkef]u ug{ gkfPsf ;fj{ef}d clwsf/x? hgtfdf lglxt u/]sf ljrf/ klg ljb]zL
;+jfbbftfx?sf] lyof] . s'6gLlts dof{bfsf nflu cfkm\gf] gfd atfpg grfx] klg
Ps klZrdf kqsf/n] eg] …jftf{ 6f]nLdf g]kfnnfO{ ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] :ki6 Ph]08fx?
b]lvG5g\ . dnfO{ nfU5, jftf{ ;kmn eof] eg] g]kfnL hgtf :jfledfg aGg]5g\, ef/tLo
/ klZrdf bftfx?sf] e/ ug'{kg]{ 5}g .Ú
…cfkm\gf] 3f]lift
sDo'lgi6 nIo oyfjt\ eP klg pxf“x? g]kfnsf cGo /fhgLlts zlQmx?k|lt klg lgs}
nlrnf] x'g'ePsf] 5, xf], PSsfO{;f}+ ;bLsf sDo'lg:6af6 k|hftGq / v'nfkgdfly s'g}
vt/f b]lv+b}gÚ Ps hfkfgL kqsf/n] eg] . g]kfnsf kqsf/x? klg dfcf]jfbL jftf{
6f]nL;“usf] 8]9 306f nfdf] ;fIffTsf/af6 lgs} k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . cfO{taf/sf
k|foM cvaf/x?n] n]v]sf ;DkfbsLo, ;dfrf/ l6Kk0fL / ljrf/x?n] dfcf]jfbLsf jftf{sf
k|:tfjx?– ;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efaf/] sfkmL dfqfdf
;sf/fTds ax; ;'? u/]sf 5g\ . …g]kfnL k|];n] dfcf]jfbL cleJolQmnfO{ :jLsf/
ug{ rfx]sf] Pp6f k|;+u hgtfsf] ;]gf af/] xf] .Ú Ps rlr{t kqsf/n] eg] .
;fdGtL ;Qfdf ;]gfsf] l6Kk0fL ug'{ lz/dfly t/af/ em'08\ofpg' ;/x x'G5 . t/,
slDtdf a'h'{jf k|hftGqdf ;]gfsf] unt lgotsf] e08fkmf]/ ug{ kfOG5 . lsgls
hgtfsf] ;]gfdf hgtfsf cfnf]rgf ;xg] w}o{tf x'G5 . /, ;]gf hgtfk|lt
hjfkmb]xL x'G5 .Ú cfkm\gf] of] l6Kk0fL kl5 tL kqsf/n] cfkm\gf] kl/ro pNn]v
ug{ rfx]gg\ / eg], …cem} xfdL;“u slDtdf a'h'{jf k|hftGq 5}g .Ú
o;}aLr cfO{taf/
dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;a} ;b:ox? ljb]zL kqsf/x?aLr 5nkmndf Jo:t /xg'eof] .
ljb]zL ;~rf/ ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?aLr pkl:yt x'g'ePsf dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs
8f= e§/fO{n] cfkm\gf] kf6L{ / ;Defljt cfkm\gf] efjL ;/sf/sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw,
s'6gLlts ;DaGwaf/] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] ;a}eGbf a9L ;do jftf{–k|;+u
/ ef/t;“usf] ;DaGwaf/] vr{g' k/]sf] lyof] .
pxf“n] O/fsdflysf]
cd]l/sL cfqmd0fsf] lj/f]w ug'{sf] ;fy} To;n] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf klg k|efj kfl//x]sf]
ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ePsf] ljb]zL ;Djfbbftfn] atfP . ljZjel/sf hgd'lQm
cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ bafpg] / ha/h:t :jtGq /fi6«x?dfly o'4 yf]kg]{ cd]l/sL gLltsf]
dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08 / jftf{ 6f]nLn] ;d]t lj/f]w u/]sf] 5 .
@)%@ kmfu'g !
ut]b]lv hgo'4 ;'? u/]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] ut @)%* ;fpg * ut] klxnf]rf]l6 o'4lj/fd u/L
jftf{–k|lqmofdf ;fd]n ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] s'g} klg /fhgLlts lgsf;
glbPkl5 ut jif{ d+l;/ * ut]b]lv g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ k'gM o'4df kmls{Psf] lyof] .
zfxL ;]gf;“usf] !$ dlxgf nfdf] eLif0f ;+3if{df ;/sf/sf cfwfbh{g lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx?
/ Pp6f c~rn ;b/d'sfddf sAhf hdfP/ cfkm\gf] kmf}hL >]i7tf sfod /fVb} /0fgLlts
cfqmd0fdf k|j]z ug}{ nfUbf ut df3 !% ut] ljb|f]xL / ;/sf/aLr k'gM bf];|f] k6s
o'4lj/fd ePsf] lyof] .
sf7df8f}+÷
d'n'ssf rlr{t /fhgLlt1, a'l4hLjLnufot ljleGg tx / tKsfsf JolQmx?n] clxn] d'n'sn]
vf]h]sf] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; ;+ljwfg ;ef g} ePsf] hgfPsf 5g\ . lxhf]
hgfb]zn] ljleGg JolQmx?;“u lnPsf] cledtsf] qmddf jftf{af6 plrt /fhg}lts lg;sf]
nflu ;+ljwfg ;ef eGbf csf]{ s'g} pko'{Qm k|hftflGqs ljsNk gePsf] wf/0ff JoQm ul/Psf]
5 . oxf“ k|:t't 5 dfcf]jfbL / ;QfkIfaLrsf] jftf{df plrt /fhg}lts lgsf; s]
x'g ;S5 eGg] ;jfndf ljleGg JolQmx?sf] cledt–
– 8f= dy'/f >]I7, dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf
casf]
cu|ufdL lgsf; jftf{af6 g} vf]Hg'k5{ . åGåsf] ;dfwfg cu|lbzfdf guO{ /fhg}lts
/ ;fdflhs kl/jt{glagf ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g . ufl8P/ a:g] afgL ePsfx?nfO{
cu|ufdL lbzfdf hfg ufx|f] x'G5 . t/ jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf cu|lbzfdf guO{ ;'v}
5}g .
;+ljwfg
;ef Pp6f k|lqmof xf] . jfbljjfbaf6 g} o;sf] lgsf; lgsfNg'k5{ . hgtfsf]
xftdf ;fj{ef}d ;Qf zlQmsf] ;|f]t lbg] cg'e"lt cu|ufdL lgsf;df ug{ kfpg'k5{ .
ljutdf em} ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ vf]:g] b':;fx; st}af6 slxNo} klg gx'g] lx;faaf6 lgsf;
vf]Hg'k5{ . To;sf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;ef /fd|f] k|lqmof xf] . ;+ljwfg ;ef
hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d ;Qfsf] cu|lbzf x'g ;S5 . clxn] xfdLn] ;+ljwfg ;ef s;/L ug]{
eGg] af/]df u[xsfo{ ug'{k5{ . dgf]gog ug]{ s'/fx? Ck|hftflGqs x'G5 .
r'gfj g} k|hftflGqs x'G5 . h;/L eP klg ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts kl/jt{g x'g'k¥of]
/ To;sf] kmn hgtfn] kfpg'k¥of] . To:tf] kl/l:ylt agfpgsf] nflu ;a} tof/
x'g'k¥of] . ;fy} hgtfn] xfd|f] clwsf/ cfof] eGg] cg'e"lt ug'{k¥of] .
/fhg}lts
zlQmn] hgtfnfO{ grfpg] xf]Og hgtfn] g} /fhg}lts zlQmnfO{ grfpg'k5{, To;sf] cy{
hgtfn] kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt ug}{ ;fj{ef}d x'g kfpg'k¥of] .
cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] kl/eflift ug'{k¥of]
– g/xl/ cfrfo{, g]=sf=
cu|ufdL
lgsf; eg]sf] clxn];Dd :ki6 ePsf] 5}g . To;sf] ;Ldf / :j?k kl/eflift ug'{k¥of] .
w]/} dfG5]sf] ck]Iff g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] jftf{ 6f]nLåf/f ul/Psf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf
To;af/]df s]xL vfsf :ki6 x'G5 ls eGg] lyof] . t/ To:tf] s]xL ePg .
To;}n] ;a}eGbf klxn] cu|ufdL :j?knfO{ kl/eflift ug]{ / k|:t't ug]{ lhDd]jf/L
ljb|f]xL kIf ePsf gftfn] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] xf] .
g]kfnL
sf+u|];n] klg cu|ufdL ;'wf/ x'g'k5{ eGg] h'g egfO /fv]sf] 5 . To;sf] cfwf/e"t
:j?k sf+u|]; sfo{;ldltsf] ut df3 ^ ut] kfl/t u/]sf] k|:tfjdf g} k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
;+ljwfg
;ef cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ k|lqmof t x'G5 t/ cu|ufdL ljifo s] eGg]
s'/f ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj ePs} ;Gbe{df klg cufl8 ;fg'{kg]{ x'G5 .
s[I0f vgfn,k|fWofks
w]/}
;jfnx?sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu /fhg}lts ljifosf] ;jfnx?sf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;ef ;a}eGbf
pko'Qm dfWod x'g ;S5 . ;+ljwfg ;efdf k'Ugsf nflu ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?aLr
Jofks ;dembf/L lgdf{0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 . clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbL / b/af/sf
aLrdf dfq} jftf{ ;Lldt /x\of] eg] To;n] cem} klg ;dfwfgsf] lgsf; lbg ;Sb}g .
sNof0fb]j e§/fO{
clxn]sf] lgsf;sf] ;DaGwdf pko'Qm ljsNk ;+ljwfg;ef g} xf] . jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf]
hxf“;Dd s'/f 5 Tof] d]/f] b[li6sf]0fdf ljleGg /fhg}lts kf6L{x?n] :jod\ cfkm}
xTof ul/;s]sf] xf] . / !* c;f]hdf /fhfn] bfx;+:sf/ u/]sf] xf] .
klxn] t !@ j6f l;6 dfq lhTg] /fk|kfnfO{ g]tf dfg]/ k|=d+= agfpg' g} klxnf]
xTof lyof] . bf];|f] ;ª\s6sfn s'g} klg xfntdf k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs tTj lyPg .
oL b'a} Psfk;df lj/f]wL s'/f x'g\ . ;a} /fhg}lts kf6L{x?n] ;ª\s6sfnsf]
3f]if0ff ug]{ ;xdlt ug'{ g} jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] bf];|f] xTof lyof] . lj/fdL
gePsfnfO{ ;Qfsf] nf]edf lj/fdL eg]/ ;/sf/L vr{df aflx/ k7fpg' jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf]
t];|f] xTof lyof] . /fhg}lts kf6L{x?n] cfkm\gf] s'rL{ arfpg k|=d+=df lglxt
ePsf] ;+;b e¨ ug]{ clwsf/ lj?4 cbfntdf hfg' jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] csf]{ xTof lyof] .
o;/L cg]sk6s cg]s lsl;dn] jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] xTof ug]{ /fhg}lts kf6L{x?n]
g} ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf lyP . ca cfhsf] l:yltdf ;+;bsf] k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ jf cfkm"
k|=d+= x'g ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] dfu ug]{ s'/f ;a} k'gM ;Qfdf hfgsf nflu v]lnPsf]
3LgnfUbf] v]n xf] . o:tf v]naf6 b]znfO{ arfpg / …k|hftGqÚ sf] /Iff ug{
)$^ ;fnsf] xfdLn] kfPsf] k|hftGqsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg'afx]s cfhsf]
l:yltdf d csf]{ ljsNk b]lVbg .
;fd|fHojfbL
tyf lj:tf/jfbLx¿ g]kfn 5f]8\ †
ljZjsf] cfwf efud} cd]l/sfåf/f g]t[Tj ul/Psf] …cft+sjfb–lj/f]wL o'4Ún]
& jif{b]lv g]kfnsf] tfgfzfxL, e|i6 zf;g–Joj:yfnfO{ ldNsfpg qmflGtsf/L
;+3if{ ;+rfng ul//x]sf nfvf}+–nfv g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ cfÏgf] gof“ lgzfgf agfPsf]
5 .
rLg tyf ef/th:tf] b'O{ If]qLo ljzfn /fi6«x?åf/f 3]l/P/ Plzofsf] d'6'df
/x]sf] g]kfn @ s/f]8 @) nfv hg;+Vof ;lxtsf] Pp6f ;fgf] b]z xf] . of] ljZjsf]
cToGt} ul/a /fi6«x? dWo]sf] Ps xf] . oxf“sf ax';+Vos hgtf ls;fg 5g\ hf]
Ps jf b'O{ Ps8;Ddsf] ;fgf Knf6sf dflns 5g\ / To;df sfd u/]/ k|lt lbgsf] cf};t
!–@ 8n/ cfDbfgLn] cfÏgf] hLjg lgjf{x ub{5g\ . cToGt} ul/aL cj:yfsf] hLjg,
9f8 ef“lrg] >d, Go"g kf}li6s cfxf/ tyf :jf:Yo x]/rfxsf] sdLsf] sf/0f
oxf“sf hgtfdf, ljz]iftM oxf“sf bfOhf] k|yf, dfu]/ ul/g] ljjfx, afn tyf
ax'–ljjfxsf] ;d]t ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf dlxnfx?df d[To' b/ a9L 5 . u|fdL0f
If]qsf] cf};t cfo' %) jif{eGbf a9Lsf] 5}g tyf ljZjdf g]kfn dfq Pp6f To:tf] b]z
xf] hxf“sf dlxnfx? k'?if hlts} bL3f{o' 5}gg\ . clxn] kl;gf–k;nsf] zx/L
tyf e"d08nLs[t bf;Tj, j]Zof sf]7Lx? tyf O06/g]6 ljjfx bnfnx?;“u o:tf]
lk5l8Psf] ;DaGwnfO{ emg\ a9L uf“:g] sfd ePsf] 5 . b]zsf] j}b]lzs cfosf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] >f]t xfnsf bzsx?df ef/L dfqfdf cd]l/sf tyf a]nfotsf] …;dy{sÚ
b[li6cGtu{t ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . klZrdL ko{6sx? b]zdf cfO/x]sf 5g\ hals u/LaLsf]
sf/0f nfvf}+–nfv g]kfnLx? lbNnL, d'DaO{, sf]nsftf tyf ef/tel/ ;'s'Daf;L
a:tLx?df wkfOPsf 5g\ hxf“ pgLx? em08} bf;Tjsf] cj:yfdf r'Tyf] k]zfx? ub{5g\ .
!((^ sf] km]a|'c/Ldf g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_åf/f g]t[Tj ul/Psf] hgo'4 b]zsf]
u|fdL0f If]qaf6 z'? ul/Pb]lv g} nfvf}+–nfv g]kfnL hgtf ;fd|fHojfbLåf/f ;dly{t
zfxL b/af/ / ltgsf cf;]kf;]x?af6 cfÏgf] efUo vf];]/ lng of] o'4df etL{ ePsf 5g\ .
/fhwfgL sf7df8f}+sf] ;Qfn] hgljb|f]xlj?4 zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;Dk"0f{ an kl/rfng
u¥of] . gful/sx? a]kQf kfg]{, pgLx?nfO{ oftgf lbg,] dlxnfx?nfO{ anfTsf/ ug]{
tyf kftnf] vf]n cf]9fOPsf xTofx? -aGbL …efUg vf]Hbf uf]nL xfg]sf]Ú_ nufot ;}lgs
aj{/tfsf] nx/ Ps kl5 csf]{ rNg yfNof] . o'4 If]qdf hfgdf k|ltaGw nufpg]
k6s–k6ssf] ;/sf/L k|of;sf] afjh"b klg ljleGg dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;d"xx?åf/f
k]z ul/Psf] k|ltj]bgdf oL ;a} s'/fx?sf] pNn]v u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
qmflGtsf] Hjfnf lgefpg'sf] ;§f bdgsf] of] eLif0f rqmn] pQm HjfnfnfO{
s]xL dTy/ dfq kf/]sf] 5 h;n] s]xL cfnf]rsx?sf nflu sf7df8f} zf;gsf] efjL ktgsf]
e"tnfO{ hufO lbPsf] 5 . cfÏgf] c+t/+u ldqx? Hjfnfdf eid ePsf] x]g'{ ;§f
cd]l/sf tyf ;+o'Qm clw/fHon] g]t[Tj u/]sf klZrdf ;/sf/x?n] of] ;QfnfO{ cfÏgf] ;xof]udf
emg\ j[l4 u/]sf 5g\ / u|fdL0f If]qdf bdgsf] cleofg tLj| kfg{sf nflu ;]gfn]
rfx]sf x]lnsK6/ / cGo ;fwgx? pknAw u/fO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] qmflGtsf/L
ljb|f]xn] ef/tsf bljPsf s/f]8f}+ hgtfsf] aLr e";sf] cfuf] ag]sf] cfqmf];nfO{
bGsfpg ;S5 eGg] s'/fsf] ltgLx?n] slQ klg 8/ dfg]gg\ .
clxn] cd]l/sf, ;+o'Qm clw/fHo tyf hd{g ;+rf/ dfWodn]
g]kfndf rl//x]sf] qmflGtsf/L ljb|f]xnfO{ …cft+sjfbLÚsf] laNnf le/fpg] k|of;
ul//x]sf 5g\ . hltv]/ cfd hgtf r/d ul/aLn] lkl8t lyP tyf s8f hLjgsf]
sxflnnfUbf] l:ylt ;xg ul//x]sf lyP, Toltv]/ cyf{t egf}+ bzsf}+;Dd pgLx?n]
g]kfnsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;gnfO{ ;dy{g u/] . slt nfv s]6fs]6Lx? emf8f–kvfnf
h:tf] ;lhn} pkrf/ x'g] ;Sg] cj:yfaf6 dg'{ k¥of] < slt hgf ;fdGtL u'08fx?sf]
xftaf6 tyf /fhfjfbL u'08fx?af6 dfl/g' k¥of] < klZrdL zf;sx? oL ;a} s'/f df}g
;Ddltsf] ?kdf 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]sf 5g\ . t/ clxn] eg] g]kfnL hgtf klZrdL
zf;gk/:t ;QfnfO{ ldNsfpg h'd'{/fp“b} p7]sf 5g\ / To;} sf/0f ltgsf k|jQmfx?
ax'nfP/ qmflGtsf/L zlQmx? lj?4 …cft+sjfbÚsf] em'6\7f tfgfafgf a'lg/x]sf 5g\ .
o;} jif{sf] h'g dlxgfdf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, ;+o'Qm clw/fHo, hd{gL, /l;of,
ef/t, rLg, g]kfn tyf cGo b]zsf k|ltlglwx?n] g]kfndf rn]sf] hgo'4nfO{ s;/L bafpg]
eg]/ n08gdf a}7s u/] . tL dWo] ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf tyf hd{gLn] t g]kfnL /fHosf]
;}lgs cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug]{ >f]tsf] ?kdf s/f]8f}+ ?k}of“ pknAw u/fpg]
s'/fsf] klg 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf 5g\ . O6nL, a]lNhod / cGo b]zx?n] g]kfnL /fHo;Qf;“u
;}Go ;fdu|L cfk"lt{af/] lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ sfod ul//x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfndf rn]sf] ;+3if{lj?4 ePsf] cfqmd0fn] cd]l/sfåf/f ;+rflnt …cft+sjfb–
lj/f]wL e"d08nLo o'4Úsf] jf:tljs nIo ljZjsf hgtfnfO{ ;fd|fHojfbL dflnsx? ;fd'
em'sfpg cft+s ;[hgf ug'{ xf] eGg] s'/f klxn]eGbf klg emg\ :ki6 kfl/lbPsf] 5 .
of] cd]l/sL bfbflu/Lsf] lj/f]w ug}{ kb{5 . o"/f]kLo zlQmsf] clwgdf /x]sf
hgtf Toxf“sf] ;/sf/n] pgLx?sf] gfp“df g]kfnL hgtfn] rnfPsf] ;+3if{nfO{ s'rNg
vf]Hbf o;nfO{ r'krfk ;x]/ a:g} ;Sb}gg\ . lxdfnsf] 5fxf/Ldf eO/x]sf] ;RrfO{nfO{
phfu/ ug'{kb{5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf ljZj hgk|lt/f]w cfGbf]ngn] cS6f]a/df g]kfnsf
hgtf;“u P]Soaåtfsf] Ps–dlxg] cleofgsf nflu cfx\jfg ul//x]sf] 5 . WPRMsf]
:yfgLo zfvfsf] ;Dks{df /xL g]kfndf eO/x]sf] ;TotYoaf/] a9L ;] a9L hfgsf/L lng'xf];\
/ Toxf“sf hgtfnfO{ ;fy lbg'xf];\ .
-ljZj hgk|lt/f]w cfGbf]ngåf/f
s]xL ;docl3 hf/L k|]; jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7_
dlxnf
hfu/0f cleofg eJo ?kdf ;kmn
qmflGtsf/L Oltxf; af]s]sf] clvn g]kfn dlxnf
;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_n] ælg/ª\s'z ;fdGtL zf;gsf lj?4 ljb|f]x u/f}+, @ k|yf # ljjfx
cGTo ug{ dlxnf hfu/0f cleofg ;kmn kf/f}+Æ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy lhNnf g+=@
Pl/of g+=! df]8]n ;Qfdf honIdL a'9fsf] k|d'v clylt / uf}/L clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf
dlxnf hfu/0f cleofg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . of] cleofgsf] d'Vo nIo z}lIFs, /fhgLlts,
;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ?kn] pRr k|sf/sf] ;+u7g lgdf{0f, u7g k'g{u7g /x]sf] ;f]
;+u7gn] hgfPsf] 5 . o;aLrdf cfd;ef, /f“s] h'n';, 6f]n;ef ug'{sf ;fy}
sfo{qmd calwdf ljleGg 7fp“df b]p8f uLt k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg ul/of] . xhf/f}+
jif{b]lv ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] sfnf] kbf{ leq /x]sf h'Dn]nL dlxnfx? klg ;dfg clwsf/sf
lglDt km'6]/ xf]Og, h'6]/ juL{o dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg ;Dk"0f{
dlxnfx? nfluk/]sf] ;dfrf/df atfOPsf] 5 .
afh'/f÷qmflGtsf/L
ljBfyL{x?sf] nf]slk|o ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ afh'/fsf] bf];|f]
lhNnf ;Dd]ng ut kf}if @) ut] ljzfn hg;d'bfosf aLr ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
;f] ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o v8\u/fh ;]h'jfnåf/f pb\3f6g ul/Psf] pQm ;Dd]ngsf] k|yd
;qsf] ;+rfng u0f]z/fh lu/L / ;efkltTj tLy{axfb'/ a'9fn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
dx]z lu/Lsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 sfo{qmdnfO{ cufl8 a9fOPsf] pQm ;Dd]ng cjlwe/
aLraLrdf r'nL hg;f+:s[lts ;d"xn] uLt g[To k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
ljleGg
k|:tfjx? kfl/t u/L ;DkGg ePsf] ;Dd]ngsf] aGb ;qn] tLy{axfb'/ a'9fsf] cWoIftfdf (
;b:oLo lhNnf sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngdf s]=;= v8\u/fh ;]h'jfnn]
k|lzIF0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
o;}
u/L k|fKt Ps csf]{ ;dfrf/cg';f/ ;f]xL ldltdf uf]nL uf=h=;= sf] dxtLdf ljzfn
hg;fu/sf aLr c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
v'nf hg;ef aLr pb\3f6g ul/Psf] ;f] ;Dd]ngsf] ;+rfng /Lrf zfxL, ;efkltTj clNsgf
adn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;Dd]ngsf] k|d'v cltly sflnsf]6 lhNnf cWoIf wLl/Gb|f
pkfWoIF x'g'x'GYof] eg] cGo cltlyx?df kf6L{sf tkm{af6 s=;'Gb/, sDkgL sdf08/ s=hLjg,
a'l4hLjL k|lts zfxL, / zxLb kl/jf/af6 hd'gf, wg?k w/fnf, dgf lj=s= x'g''x'GYof] .
;Dd]ngn] clNsgf adsf] cWoIftfdf !! ;b:oLo sfo{;ldlt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 .
;Dd]ng
kl5 kf}if @@ ut] hugfy uf=h=;= sf] lkn'rf}/df !)cf}+ xhf/ hg;d'bfosf aLr b'a}
;+u7gsf] ;+o'Qm 3f]if0ff–;ef ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
hfh/sf]6÷
l9nf]u/L k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ dxfg\ hgo'4sf] ;ftf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] pknIodf
kmfNu'0f ! ut] ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf bz]/fsf] yndf Ps ljzfn cfd;ef ;DkGg
eof] . rf/}lt/af6 afhfufhf, emf“sL ;lxt pln{Psf] bzf}+ xhf/ hg;d'bfo aLr
;DkGg pQm hg;efsf] ;efkltTj ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldlt hfh/sf]6sf ;+of]hs tyf lhNnf
pkk|d'v 9slj/ /fgfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+rfng clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_
sf s]=;=;= k"0f{axfb'/ l;+xn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;efdf pkl:yt
cltly tyf hg;d'bfonfO{ ;+3if{ ;ldltsL ;b:o ;ljtf l;+xn] :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
e]/L–s0ff{nL d'lQm df]rf{sf s]=;= sfnLaxfb'/ dNnsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;+rfng ePsf]
hg;efdf e]s d'lQm df]rf{sL s]=;= ;To kxf8L, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ hfh/sf]6sf O~rfh{
s= kf/zdl0f, hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfncGtu{t ;tj/Lof ;]s]08 a6flnogsf ;x–sld;f/ s=k|tLs,
sdf08/ s=hLt, VC
s=of]4f, e]s a6flnogsf VC
s= ;f}uft, sDkgL Asf
sld;f/ s=;fsf/, sdf08/ s=Hjfnfn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . dGtJosf qmddf ;a}
jQmfx?n] casf] zflGt jftF{sf] nflu cu|ufdL xn eg]sf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/
/ ;+ljwfg–;efsf] g} xf] . ;+ljwfg–;efåf/f hgtfn] lbPsf] clwsf/ dfGg
tof/ ePsf] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . olb ;/sf/ jf s'g} kIfn] jftf{ ljuf/]df,
jftf{sf] cj:yf g} ;[hgf gu/L e|d lbg] sfd u/]df ;/sf/ jf cGo s'g} klg zlQm hgtfåf/f
gf+lug] r]tfjgL jQmfx?n] lbPsf lyP . pQm hg;efdf h'gL ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/sf
snfsf/x?n] cfºgf] k|:t'ltåf/f ;efnfO{ yk cfsif{s agfPsf lyP .
To;}u/L
df3 d;fGtsf] lbg 3/3/df bLkfjnL u/]/ hfh/sf]6L hgtfn] hgo'4sf] gof“ jif{uf“7
dgfPsf lyP .
–
nfnls/0f /fgfaf6
e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qdf æhgo'4 jflif{sf]T;jÆ / æzxLb
;KtfxÆ ljleGg kf“r k|sf/sf sfo{qmd u/L dgfOPsf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
æzxLb ;KtfxÆsf] klxnf] lbg cyf{t\ kmfu'g !$ ut] ( j6} lhNnfdf
7"N7"nf :d[lt ;efx? cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP h;df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf
g]tfx?åf/f ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] lyof] . bf];|f] lbg lhNnfel/sf zxLbsf kl/jf/nfO{
Ps} 7fp“df cfdlGqt u/L lhNnf kf6L{sf tkm{af6 clegGbg / csf{] lbg lhNnfel/sf
zxLbx?sf] gfdfjnL / kmf]6f] ;fj{hlgs 7fp“df k|bz{g ul/g'sf ;fy} zxLb kl/ro
sfo{qmd /flvPsf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy} Psn Pj+ ;fd"lxs gfddf zxLbsf] ;Demgfdf
k'n, af6f], zxLb u]6, :df/s lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] eg] clGtd lbg kmfu'g @! ut]
zxLb kl/jf/sf] e]nf u/fO{ æ;fd"lxs cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdÆ ;DkGg ePsf] va/
k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qsf ;a} lhNnfx?df
hgo'4sf] æ;ftf}+ jflif{sf]T;jÆ % xKtf;Dd ljleGg sfo{qmd u/L dgfpg] to ePsf] 5 .
o; qmddf df3sf] clGtd xKtfdf jfn–k]lG6¨, kf]:6l/¨, em08f, Aofg/ 6f":g],
ljs]lGb|t ;ef, h'n'z cflb cfof]hgf u/L dgfOof] eg] kmfu'gsf] klxnf] xKtfnfO{ ;f“:s[lts
;Ktfx Pj+ pT;j ;Ktfxsf ?kdf ljhoL 6Lsf u|x0f, z'esfdgf cfbfg–k|bfg, ;fd"lxs
ef]h u/]/ dgfOof] . To;}u/L bf];|f] ;KtfxnfO{ pTkfbg tyf hgkl/rfng ;Ktfxsf
?kdf dgfOPsf] lyof] . hgtf, g]tf, sfo{stf{n] ;fd"lxs >d u/]/ v]tL
ug{], :yfgLo pBf]uaf6 pTkfbg ug{] sfd ul/Psf] lyof] . t];|f] ;KtfxnfO{ zxLb
;Ktfxsf ?kdf dgfOPsf] ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . kmfu'gsf] rf}yf] xKtfnfO{
e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qdf ut jif{el/ eP–ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?sf] ;dLIff u/]/ ;dLIffTds
;Ktfxsf] ?kdf dgfOg] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 .
o; If]qdf hgo'4sf] ;ftf}+ jflif{sf]T;j / zxLb ;KtfxnfO{
cfºgf] If]qut ljz]iftf adf]lhd dgfOPsf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;dfrf/cg';f/,
kmfu'gsf] klxnf] ;ftfel/ pT;jsf] ?kdf lhNnfJofkL cfd;ef ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . tL
cfd;efdf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= ;'bz{g, If]qLoAo"/f]
;b:ox? s= /0fjL/, s= ljgf]b, s=d'lSt, s= >j0fs'df/, s= cv08 cflbn] ;Daf]wg ug{‘
ePsf lyof] . pSt cfd;efx?df kf6L{sf jftf{ ;DaGwL gLltsf ;fy} hgk|lzIf0f klg
;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
kmfu'gsf] bf];|f] xKtfnfO{ ;]tL–dxfsfnLdf
z'l4s/0f ;Ktfxsf ?kdf dgfOPsf] lyof] . o;qmddf kf6L{, ;+u7gsf ;DalGwt
lgsfodf cfnf]rgf–cfTdfnf]rgfnfO{ Jofks ul/g'sf ;fy} kf6L{, ;+u7g, ;]gf :yfgLo
;Qfsf af/]df hgtfsf tkm{af6 cfjZos cfnf]rgf, ;'emfj dfluof] / pQm If]qsf ( j6}
lhNnfx?df ;DkGg sfo{qmddf k|fKt :jR5 cfnf]rgf, ;'emfjx?nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s
lng] / sfof{Gjogdf tTsfn} hfg] lg0f{o klg eof] .
pQm If]qn] zxLb ;KtfxnfO{ hgo'4sf] ;ftf}+
jflif{sf]T;jsf] clGtd ;Ktfxsf ?kdf dgfof] . pQm If]qsf ;a} lhNnfsf ;a}
ufp“x?df dxfg\ zxLbx?sf] :d[ltdf >4f~hnL–;efx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . o;}u/L
:yfgLo tyf s]Gb|Ls[t ?kdf lhNnf :t/df klg zxLb kl/jf/nfO{ clegGbg ul/Psf] 5 .
b'Zdgsf lj?4 n8\bfn8\b} pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug'{x'g] dxfg zxLbx? s= ljgo, s ;'Gb/, s
n]vgfy kf}8]n, s= hgd a/fn, s= cg', s= k':s/, s= ljzfnsf :d[ltdf :d[lt :tDex?
klg lgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ .
zxLb–;Ktfxs} ;Gbe{df g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_, lhNnf
;ldlt, uf]/vfn] Ps jQmJo k|sflzt u/L b]zel/ hgtfsf sl/a ^))) ;jf]{Qd 5f]/f5f]/Lx?sf]
/ut alu;s]sf] o; ;Gbe{df hgo'4sf k|yd zxLb lbnaxfb'/ /Dt]nn] zxfbt k|fKt u/]sf]
lbg -@)%@ kmfNu'g !$_ / P]ltxfl;s emfkf ljb|f]xsf zxLbx? /fdgfy bfxfn, g]q
l3ld/], s[i0f s'O"s]n, lj/]g /fhj+zL, gf/fo0f >]i7n] zxfbt k|fKt u/]sf]
lbg -@)@( kmfNu'g @!_nfO{ hf]8]/ b]zel/sf ;Dk"0f{ 1ft–c1ft zxLbx?sf] :d[ltdf
zxLb ;Ktfx dgfPsf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
;]qm]6/L s=ljhoåf/f x:tfIfl/t pQm jQmJodf elgPsf]
5, æ;a} k|sf/sf] zf]if0f, pTkL8gaf6 ;Dk"0f{ >dhLjL ju{, hg;d'bfo / /fi6«nfO{
d'Qm u/fpg] hgo'4sf oL ;ft uf}/jdo
jif{x?sf] cjlwdf hgo'4s} k|yd zxLb lbnaxfb'/ /Dt]nb]lv s=;'/]z jfUn] -jf;'_, s=led;]g
kf]v|]n -a}/fuL_, s=k]|d 9sfn -;Gtf]if_, s=xl/ZrGb| >]i7 -/d]z_ s= cfzfsfhL
>]i7 -lxdfn_, s= nfnk|;fb 9sfn -k]|d_ nufot sl/a !@$ hgf jL/–jL/f+ugfx?sf]
/utn] uf]vf{nL e"ld /l¨;s]sf] 5 . o;} cjlwdf s= /fh]Gb| 9sfnnufot sl/a
@^ hgf sd{7 of]4fx? /fHosf] sAhfdf k/L a]kQf kfl/g' ePsf] 5 .Æ
pQm ;ldltn] æjftf{s} dfWodaf6 cu|ufdL /fhg}lts
lgsf; vf]Hg] OdfGbf/ k|of; xfdLaf6 eO/x]sf] o; ;Gbe{df uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/
/ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj g} Ps dfq ;xL ljsNk xf] eGg] s'/fdf P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ub}{
cfºgf] 7fp“af6 bafa l;h{gf ug{ ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm, k|hftGqjfbL, jfdkGyL, /fhg}lts
kf6L{x?, ;+3–;+:yfx? Pj+ cfd Gofok]|dL hg ;d'bfodf xflb{s cg'/f]wÆ u/]sf] 5 /
æs'g} klg axfgfdf jftf{ k|lqmofdf cj/f]w v8f gug{ tdfd lg/+s'ztfjfbL, k|ltudgsf/L
/ hglj/f]wL tTjx?nfO{Æ r]tfjgL ;d]t lbPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L ;+o'Qm lhNnf
hg;ldlt uf]/vfn] klg Ps jQmJo hf/L ub{} eg]sf] 5, æhgo'4s} klxnf] zxLb hGdfpg ;kmn
xfd|f] o; lhNnfdf P]ltxfl;s zxLb ;Ktfx -kmfNu'g !$–@!_nfO{ s=;'/]z jfUn] -jf;'_,
s= k]|d 9sfn -;Gtf]if_, s=xl/ZrGb| >]i7 -/d]z_, s= nfn k|;fb 9sfn -k]|d_,
lbnaxfb'/ /Dt]n nufot sl/a !@$ hgfsf ;fy} b]zel/sf ;Dk"0f{ 1ft–c1ft
zxLbx?sf] :d[ltdf eJo ?kn] dgfpg ljleGg 7fpFaf6 ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] ;a} cfb/0fLo
lhNnfjf;L hg;d'bfox?k|lt qmflGtsf/L clejfbg;lxt wGojfb Pj+ s[t1tf 1fkgÆ u/]sf]
5 / æljutdf ljleGg sf/0fn] ufp“af6 lj:yflkt ePsfx?nfO{ cfºgf uNtL–sdhf]/L
;Rofp“b} cf–cfºg} ufp“3/df kms{g ;d]t ckLnÆ u/]sf] 5 .
jftf{6f]nLsf]
:jfut / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] /j}of
hgfb]z ljZn]if0f
sf7df8f}+÷
d'n'sdf cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] nflu Jou| nfvf}+ g]kfnL hgtfk|lt ljZjf; / e/f];f /fVb}
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f ul7t jftf{–6f]nL zlgaf/ /fhwfgLdf ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nL ;fj{hlgs x'g] sfo{qmdsf] g]kfn dfq x}g ljZje/ :jfut /
k|z+;f ul/Psf ;dfrf/x? cfd ;~rf/sf dfWodx?df 5fPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL
jftf{6f]nLsf] ;fj{hlgsLs/0fnfO{ cfd zflGtsfdL / kl/jt{gsfdL hgtfn] :jfut u/]sf
5g\ eg] of] ;fj{hlgs k|lqmof k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ r'gf}lt aGg k'u]sf] 5 . @@
a'“b] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 klg k'/fgf] ;Qfsf unt /j}of clxn] klg oyfjt\
5g\ . jftf{6f]nL sf7df8f}+ cfp“bf /fhdfu{df clxn] klg k'/fgf] ;Qfn]
7fp“–7fp“df r]lsªkf]i6 v8f u/]/ b'Mv lbO/x]sf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf] 5 .
jftf{6f]nL ;fj{hlgs x'g] kqsf/ ;dd]ngdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ :yfoL ;ldltsf jl/i7 ;b:o
tyf jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] …k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{
OdfGbf/Lk"j{s kfngf u/]/ jftf{sf] lglDt ljZjfl;nf] / ;xh jftfj/0f agfpg'sf]
;§f u}/lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ / pQ]lht kfg]{ lx;fan] b]ze/ vfgtnf;L, w/ks8 ug]{,
zflGtk"0f{ sfo{qmdx? layf]Ng] sfo{ u/]sf] / o;n] jftf{ layf]Ng] cfzª\sf
JofKt ag]sf]Ú atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . k'/fgf] ;QfkIfaf6 o:tf sfo{x?
x'“bfx'“b} klg dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nL hgtfsf] e/f]iffdf ;fj{hlgs x'g'nfO{ eg]
;a} If]qaf6 :jfut ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
zflGtk"0f{
jftf{dfkm{t\ ;d:ofsf] ;sf/fTds /fhg}lts ;dfwfgdf k'¥ofpg] s'/fdf klg dfcf]jfbLx?
lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy ;fj{hlgs ePsf] s'/f jftf{6f]nLsf ;+of]hs / ;b:ox?sf
cleJolQmaf6 klg hf]–sf]xLn] a'em\g ;S5 . dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nL ;fj{hlgs
x'“bf ;dfrf/ ;ª\sng ug{ uPsf kqsf/dfly nf7L rfh{ u/]/ k'/fgf] ;Qfn] cfkm\gf]
cg'xf/ hgtfsf ;fd' b]vfPsf] 5 . o; 36gfnfO{ 7Ls;“u aflx/ gNofP/ ;~rf/dfWodsf]
Wofg dfcf]jfbLlj?4 k|of]u ug]{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] clenfiff rsgfr'/ ePsf] 5 .
lgZro g} kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] Joj:yfkgdf sdL–sdhf]/L lyP xf]nfg\ t/ To;nfO{ ;sf/fTds
?kdf cfufdL lbgdf ;Rofpg k|]/0ff lbg'sf] abnf …s]xLÚ ;Lldt kqsf/x?n]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lj/f]w ug]{ d;nf agfPsf] klg b]lvof] . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf
g]tfx?k|ltsf] cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb|sf] ejg j/k/ b]vfk/]sf] xhf/f}+ hgtfsf]
pkl:yltn] klg >4fefj b]vfp“5 / zflGtjftf{k|ltsf] hgrfxgf / k'/fgf] ;Qfk|ltsf]
ljt[i0ffnfO{ hgfp“5 .
olta]nf
jftf{6f]nL hgtfs} ;'/Iffsf] andf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tf, ljb]zL kqsf/, a'l4hLjL,
s'6gLlts lgof]u;“u e]63f6df Jo:t 5 . of] e]63f6n] dfcf]jfbLsf s'/f a'em\g
/ ;a}nfO{ jftf{ ef“8\g]x?k|lt ;r]t /xg klg l;sfPsf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qf
clglZrtsfn;Dd o'4lj/fd nDAofP/ hgo'4nfO{ lzlyn agfpg] Wo]odf /x]sf] cfz+sf klg
cfd gful/ssf dfem JofKt 5 . d'n'snfO{ ;f“Rr} u[xo'4af6 hf]ufpg] xf] eg]
dfcf]jfbLn] p7fPsf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf kIfdf ;a}
If]qaf6 hgbafj >[hgf ug'{ olta]nf h?/L 5 . g]kfnL hgtf of] a]nf hlt
hfu?s / ;r]t aGb5g\ Tolt g} dfqfdf hgclwsf/x? ;a} hft, hflt, efiff–efifLx?n]
k|fKt ug]{5g\ . of] a]nf k"j{ d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL / lxdfnb]lv t/fO{;Ddsf
kl/jt{gsf kIfkftL ;+;f/el/sf hgtfn] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ug]{ / ug{ ;Sg] sfdsf/jfxLk|lt
ljz]if ;hutf ckgfp“b} dfcf]jfbLsf dfu cfd hgtfdf k'¥ofpg'kb{5 .
jftf{6f]nL
;fj{hlgs gx'g' cufl8 dfcf]jfbL gcfPsfn] jftf{df l9nf ePsf] eGg] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
k|rf/jfhL klg clxn] ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . ca jftf{sf] ljZjfl;nf] jftfj/0f agfpg]
k|d'v lhDdf ;QfkIfsf] xf] . dfcf]jfbLx? t k'/fgf] ;Qfn] gof“ d'2fsf
k"hL{ hf/L ubf{ klg To;nfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ hge/f];fsf andf /fhwfgL cfPsf 5g\ .
jftf{6f]nL
/fhwfgL cfO;s]kl5 klg pgLx?nfO{ ;/sf/L u'Ktr/x?n] k5\ofpg] / kqsf/sf] e]ifdf
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf l5g]{ sfo{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . Ps ;|f]tsf cg';f/ ljkIfL /fhgLlts
bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?n] e]6\g yfn]kl5 tL 7fp“df klxNo} ;/sf/L u'Ktr/x?n]
lrof]rrf]{ ug]{ sfo{ yfn]sf 5g\ . of] sfo{ Hofb} lgGbgLo 5 . k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn]
jftf{6f]nLsf ;+of]hs / ;b:ox?sf] cg'udg ug{ ljleGg e]ife'iffdf 5f]l8Psf u'Ktr/LnfO{
t'?Gt aGb ug'{k5{ . o:tf sfo{ hf/L /x]df o;n] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn+3gnfO{
a9fp“5 / jftf{sf] jftfj/0f klg /fd|f] aGg ;Sb}g . k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ug]{
u'Ktr/Lsf] hgkIfLo ;~rf/dfWod, gful/s ;dfh / dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3–;+:yfn] lj/f]w
hgfpg'kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} jftf{sf] jftfj/0f ljufg{ u'Ktr/L ug{ v6fPsf 5f8f
;f“9]h:tf u'Ktr/x?nfO{ pgLx?s} c•fdf /fVg'k5{ . olb of] g/f]s] o:tf
ultljlwdf ;+nUgx?nfO{ kl/jt{gsfdL hgtfn] tx nufP eg] klg cfZro{ gdfg] x'G5 .
k'/fgf]
;QfkIfn] olta]nf Pp6fsf lj?4 csf]{ /fhgLlts zlQmnfO{ k|of]u u/]/ kmfObf n'6\g]
bfpdf klg cfkm"nfO{ nufpg ;S5 . o:tf] sfo{ u/]df o;n] ;QfkIfnfO{ g} gª\Uofp“5 .
dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?nfO{ lsgf/f nufP/ jftf{df cfkm"x? ghfg] s'/f
atfO;Sbf klg ;+;bjfbL s]xL kf6L{x? tfn g a]tfnsf s'/f u/]/ dfcf]jfbLsf] lj/f]w
ug{ olt a]nf Jo:t 5g\ . Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfnn] /fhfnfO{ ;lqmo agfpg
vf]h]sf] em'¶f s'/f u/]/ cfkm\gf] vl:sPsf] /fhgLlts 5ljnfO{ emg\ lu/fpg] sfd ul//x]sf
5g\ . o:tf cleJolQmn] Pdfn] cu|udgsf] kIfkftL 5}g eGg] b]vfp“5 . ha
ls dfcf]jfbLn] o'4lj/fd ubf{ s'g} ckf/blz{tf gePsf] :ki6 b]vfO;s]sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLx? /fhfdf /x]sf clwsf/ hgtfdf Nofpg olt 7"nf] n8fO“ u/]/ jftf{sf]
6]a'ndf cfPsf] ;a}n] b]v]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLn] eg]sf 5g\– xfdL /fhfsf]
k|ltudglt/ hfGgf}+, xfdL )$^ ;fndf k|fKt clwsf/sf] /Iff ub}{ yk clwsf/ lng nl8/x]sf
5f}+ . o;/L :ki6 s'/f ubf{ klg pN6} dfcf]jfbLx?n] /fhfnfO{ ;lqmo agfPsf]
dfwj g]kfnn] eGg' s'–ts{ dfq xf] . Pp6f s'/f ;a}n] a'em\g' kb{5– of]
;+s6u|:t ;Qfsf] nufd olta]nf /fhfsf] xftdf 5 . Tof] nufd ePsf];“u
dfcf]jfbLn] jftf{ ug]{ eg]sf] 5 . h;n] clwsf/ x8k]/ a;]sf] 5 pm;“u vf];]/
jftf{åf/f hgtfsf clwsf/ hgtfsxf“ Nofpg' /fhfnfO{ ;lqmo kfg'{ xf]Og .
oL
tYonfO{ b]Vbfb]Vb} Pdfn] g]tfx? pN6} cfkm" k|ltudgsf] lj/f]w u/]h:tf] u/]/
k|ltudglt/} axg] uNtLaf6 aRg' kb{5 . dfcf]jfbLn] /fv]sf] dfuk|lt cfd gful/s
;dfhsf] rf;f] 5 . jftf{k|lt ;a} v'zL 5g\ . oxL a]nf Pdfn] g]tf dfwj
g]kfn eg] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;ef s]sf nflu < eGb} lx+8\g'n]
cu|ufdL sbdnfO{ k6Ss} ;xof]u ub}{g . o;n] k|ltudgnfO{ ;]jf ub{5 .
dfcf]jfbLx?n]
olta]nf /fli6«otf / k|hftGqnfO{ gof“ 9+un] dha't agfpg], clxn] g} gof“
hgjfbL Joj:yf nfu" ug{ gvf]h]sf] atfp“bf klg To;nfO{ tf]8d/f]8 ug]{ sfd
eO/x]sf] 5 . lgZro g} dfcf]jfbLx? gof“ hgjfbL sfo{qmd k"/f ub}{ ;dfhjfb
/ ;fDojfbsf] dxfg\ Wo]odf Ps O~r klg ljrlnt ePsf b]lv+b}gg\ .
dfcf]jfbLx?
/fli6«o ;+j]bgzLntf / ljb]zL rnv]nk|lt klg plQs} ;r]t b]lvPsf 5g\ . k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] k|d'v s]Gb|df a;]/ jftf{ 6f]nL ;f“lRrs} ;'Gb/ / gof“ g]kfn agfpg]
cleofgdf nfluk/]sf] 5 . of] cj:yfdf cfu|x / k"jf{u|x Tofu]/ hgtfnfO{
clwsf/;DkGg agfpg] sfddf h;/L dfcf]jfbLn] hgtfsf kIfdf cfkm\gf c8fg /flv/x]sf
5g\ To;nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ ;+;bLo kf6L{sf] klg st{Jo xf] . Oltxf; lgd{d
x'g]ub{5 . of] ;RrfOnfO{ ;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] ga'emL a]t'ssf dfcf]jfbLn] /fhfnfO{
;lqmo agfof] eGg] s"–ts{ u/]df hgtfn] To;} 5f8\g] 5}gg\ .
dfcf]jfbLn]
:ki6 eg]sf 5g\– xfdL /fhgLlts bnx?;“u ;xsfo{ u5f}{+ . of] s'/f ;fj{hlgs
x'g] qmddf dfcf]jfbL g]tf 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] klg elg;Sg'ePsf] 5 .
olta]nf d'n'sdf /fhfjfbL, ;+;bjfbL / qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 u/L tLg wf/ /x]sf 5g\ .
oL tLgwf/dWo] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6dWo]sf] cu|b:tf dfcf]jfbL cGo ;+;bLjfbL
kf6L{x?;“u klg ;xsfo{ ub}{ jftf{nfO{ Pp6f lgsf;df k'¥ofpg] cleofgdf 5 .
o;nfO{ a]n}df dgg u/]/ ;+;bjfbL kf6L{x? To; lbzfdf nfUg' h?/L 5 . of] s'/fnfO{
a]jf:tf u/]/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ PSNofpg vf]h]df hgtfaf6 oL ;+;bLo kf6L{ g} PlSng]5g\ .
d"Noa[l4lj?4
cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff
sf7df8f}+÷
cd]l/sfåf/f O/fsdfly cfqmd0f ul/PkZrft\ To;sf] k|efj eGb} g]kfn ;/sf/n] k]6«f]lnod
kbfy{df d"No a[l4 ul/PkZrft\ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_, g]=lj=;+3nufot & ljBfyL{
;+u7gn] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{df ul/Psf] d"No a[l4sf lj?4 cfGbf]ng ug]{ 3f]if0ff
u/]sf 5g\ .
k]6«f]lnod
kbfy{df ul/Psf] d"No a[l4sf sf/0f l5§} cGo pkef]Uo j:t'x?df klg To;sf] c;/
kg]{ x'“bf r}q @) ut]leq a[l4 ul/Psf] d"No lkmtf{ ug{ cfu|x ub}{ olb gul/Pdf
b]zsf clu|d df]rf{df /xg] ljBfyL{x?n] Ps eP/ cfGbf]ng ug]{ r]tfjgL ;d]t lbPsf
5g\ .
g]=lj=;+3nufot
jfd ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx? Ps eP/ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng ug]{ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] of] klxnf] k6s
xf] . h;df clvn -qmflGtsf/L_, c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=-PsLs[t_, cg]/f:jljo',
g]=k|=lj= o'lgog, g]=qmf=lj=;+3, cg]/f:jljo' / g]=lj=;+3 lyP . cfkm\gf
sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs ug{ 8flsPsf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng /Tgkfs{sf] v'Nnf ;8sdf /flvPsf] lyof] .
cfkm\gf
sfo{qmdx?df r}q @) ;Dd k|rf/fTds sfo{qmd, @! ut] SofDk;x?df b]zJofkL d;fn h'n';,
@@ ut] ;/sf/L uf8L u'8\g glbg] -pkTosfdf_, @# ut] l/Qf l;ln08/ / Uofn]gsf] h'n';,
@% ut] cfwf 306f b]zJofkL rSsf hfd, SofDk; cufl8 jf cGo d'Vo zx/x?df / @& ut]
cfon lgud s]Gb|Lo sfof{no 3]/fp so{qmd /x]sf] 5 .
of]
;jfn eg]sf] ;femf ;jfn xf], To;}n] ;femf ;d:ofsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x? Ps
eP/ cfGbf]lnt x'g] cfof]hs kIfn] atfP . ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?sf af/]df Ps ;+o'Qm
k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ cfkm\gf sfo{qmdx? ;fj{hlgs u/]sf lyP . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngkZrft\
cfwf 306f rSsfhfd klg ljBfyL{x?n] u/]sf lyP . To:t} r}q !^ ut] lq–rGb|
sn]hsf ljBfyL{x?n] d"Noa[l4sf lj?4 lj/f]w k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/åf/f
ul/Psf] d"Noa[l4sf] lj?4 b]zJofkL?kdf lj/f]w hgfOPsf] 5 .
;]gfåf/f
;ef layf]lnof], l/xf x'g;fy km]l/ lu/km\tf/
ufO{3f6÷
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt pbok'/n] ut laxLaf/ lhNnfsf] 6k]Zj/ ahf/df
u/]sf] cfd;efdfly ;/sf/L ;'/Iffkmf}hn] x:tIf]k u/L ljkmn agfPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
zflGtk"0f{?kdf
;ef / h'n'; ug{ kfpg] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn+3g ub}{ zflGtk"0f{ ;efdf e]nf ePsf
Psxhf/eGbf a9L hg;d'bfonfO{ ;'/Iffkmf}hn] vfgtnf;L lng], uflnunf}h ub}{ cftª\lst
agfOPkl5 ;efaf6 dflg;x? aflxl/Psf lyP . …kmfu'g !# ut] tk]Zj/ hfcf}+, ;+ljwfg
;efsf] r'gfjsf] lglDt Psh'6 xf]cf}+Ú eGg] gf/f–h'n';;lxt pkl:yt ePsfx? ;efaf6
aflxl/Pkl5 dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] s8f zAbdf lj/f]w ub}{ ;QfkIf /
dfcf]jfbLaLr ePsf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] ;/sf/åf/f pNn+3g ePsf] atfp“b} zflGtjftf{
layf]Ng] if8\oGq u/]sf] va/df atfOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L
hgsk'/af6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf tLg dlxgfcl3 y'gfdf k/]sf
kf“rhgfnfO{ aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6åf/f cbfntn] 5f]8\g] cfb]z lbO{ l/xf
x'gf;fy lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;nf{xLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . o;/L lu/km\tf/
x'g]x?df ;nf{xL xhfl/of– $ sf /3'gfy ;xgL, cf}tf/ ;xgL, /fdjfns ;xgL, hf]v' ;xgL
/ z]s/ ;xgL /x]sf 5g\ .
pgLx?nfO{
@)%( kf}if dlxgfdf ;nf{xLsf] ljleGg 7fp“af6 lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . …aGbLnfO{
sf/fuf/af6 d'Qm x'gf;fy kf“r} hgfnfO{ Eofgdf /fvL lh=k|=sf= nluof]Ú l/6
lgj]bs sfzL ;xgL eG5g\ .
;Kt/Ldf
dfcf]jfbLsf] cGt/lqmof
/fhlj/fh÷g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ ;Kt/Lsf]
cfof]hgfdf If]q g+= # df If]q:t/Lo cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ut !$ ut] /ftL ljdnsf] ;efkltTj
tyf yf?jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfn / cg]d;+3 ;Kt/Lsf ;+of]hs s= ;Ldfsf]
k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg eof] .
;f]
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf kf6L{ sfo{stf{x?nfO{ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg
;efsf] ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] s'/f Ps ;xefuLn] xfd|f k|ltlglwnfO{ atfP .
;f]
cj;/df dw]zL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfn ;Kt/Lsf s= cho / blnt /fli6«o d'lQm
df]rf{ g]kfn ;Kt/Lsf cWoIf s= sfd]Zj/n] ;d]t af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] . pQm
sfo{qmddf cGbfhL Ps ;o kf6L{ sfo{stf{x?sf] ;xefuL /x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
w'lnv]n÷;+o'Qm
qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ sfe|]sf -hg;/sf/ k|d'v_
k|d'v nfnWjhn] Ps jQmJo k|sflzt u/L cfOtaf/ s';'08] 8f“8fdf ePsf] a;
b'3{6gfdf k/L d[To' ePsfx?k|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxf“n]
lj1lKtdf 3fOt]x?sf] plrt :jf:Yo pkrf/ tTsfn gu/]sf]df To;sf] lj/f]w ub}{ k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] c/fhs / cJojl:yt oftfoft k|0ffnL lgsDdf ePsf] klg atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
pQm
a; b'3{6gfdf ( hgfsf] 36gf:yndf d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] tLg bh{geGbf a9L 3fOt] ePsf
5g\ . laxfg eLdvf]/Lsf] sfn9'ª\ufaf6 vrfvr ofqL lnP/ cfPsf] ;f] a; s';'08]
If]qaf6 b'O{ ;o lkm6 tn v;]sf] lyof] .
v'Nnf d~rdf jftf{6f]nLnfO{
:jfut ul/g]
sf7df8f}+÷
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] jftf{ 6f]nLnfO{ :jfut ug{ oxL r}q @) ut] lbp“;f] @ ah]
sf7df8f}+sf] v'Nnfd~rdf ljzfn hg;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 .
jftf{
Joj:yfkg ;xof]u ;ldlt, sf7df8f}+åf/f cfof]lht pQm :jfut sfo{qmdnfO{ jftf{ 6f]nL
;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{, jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:ox? /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -s= afbn_,
s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, b]j u'?ª / dft[sf ofbjn] ;Daf]wg ug'{x'g] ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbL
jftf{ 6f]nLnfO{ :jfut ug{ /fhwfgLjf;Lx? cft'/ eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf jftf{ 6f]nLsf] :jfutfy{
cfof]lht sfo{qmddf pkl:yltsf] nflu cfof]hs kIfn] ;a}df cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+÷
:jR5 5ljsf] ku/L le/fOPsf] rGb ;/sf/n] vf8L o'4sf] axfgf agfP/ k]6«f]lnod
kbfy{df rsf]{ d"No a[l4 u/]sf] 5 . hgtfnfO{ /fxt lbg of] ;/sf/ u7g
ePsf] eGb} /ft–lbg ehg ufp“b} lx+8\g] rGb ;/sf/sf] hglj/f]wL sbdsf] ;a}
If]qaf6 tLa| lgGbf eO/x]sf] 5 .
rGb
;/sf/n] u/]sf] d"No a[l4sf] lj?4 ljleGg /fhg}lts kf6L{, ljleGg ;+u7g,
pkef]Qm ;+/If0f d~r / dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx?n] lj/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\ .
lbgx'“h;f] b]zsf ljleGg 7fp“df lj/f]w ;ef / h'n'; eO/x]sf 5g\ .
cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbn] O/fsdfly xdnf u/]sf] nuQ} rGb ;/sf/n] ahf/df dl§t]n, l8h]n, k]6«f]n
/ Uof“;sf] d"Nodf PSsf;L a[l4 u/]sf] lyof] .
d"No
a[l4sf lj?4 zflGtk"0f{ lj/f]w k|bz{g ubf{ w/fgsf] efg'rf]sdf k|x/Ln]
cGwfw'Gw xjfOkmfo/ u/]sf] 5 . b¨f k|x/Ln] xjfO kmfo/ u/]kl5 klg ljBfyL{x?n]
cfkm\gf] lj/f]w sfo{qmdnfO{ gf/fjfhL;lxt oyfjt\ /fv]sf lyP .
;+o'Qm
ljBfyL{ ;+3if{ ;ldlt, ;'g;/Låf/f cfof]lht pQm rSsf hfd sfo{qmddf k|x/Ln]
x:tIf]k u/]kl5 To;sf lj?4 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_, clvn -PsLs[t_, g]lj;+3, cg]/f:jljo'sf
g]tfx?n] ;Daf]wg ub}{ dx¨L 36fpg rGb ;/sf/nfO{ r]tfjgL lbPsf lyP .
dx¨Lsf
lj?4 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_, clvn -PsLs[t_, cg]/f:jljo', g]lj;+3, g]qmflj;+3,
g]k|ljo'n] ;+o'Qm kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/]/ cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
hglj/f]wL
rGb ;/sf/n] dl§t]ndf !& ?k}of“af6 @* ?k}of“, l8h]ndf @^ ?k}of“ %)
k};faf6 #% ?k}of“ %) k};f, k]6«f]ndf %@ ?k}of“af6 %^ ?k}of / Pn=kL= Uof“;
^%) af6 & ;o sfod u/]sf] 5 . ef/tLo t]n ahf/;“u d"No sfod ug{
of] d"No a[l4 ul/Psf] k|rf/ ;/sf/n] ul//x]sf] 5 . cfon lguddf x'g]
r'xfj6 / e|i6frf/ /f]s]df o;/L d"No a[l4 ug}{ gkg]{ Toxf“sf sd{rf/Lx?
atfp“5g\ .
jftf{ Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf]
lgdf{0f
sf7df8f}+÷ dfcf]jfbL kIf / k'/fgf] ;QfkIfaLr x'g] jftf{sf] nflu
sf7df8f}+df ;fj{hlgs ePsf] dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLsf] ;xof]usf] nflu jftf{ Joj:yfkg
;xof]u ;ldlt lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf b]j]Gb| k/fh'nLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t
pQm jftf{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?df ls;fg g]tf lrqaxfb'/ >]i7, dlxnf g]t[
sNkgf wdnf, ;flxTosf/ Pjd\ kqsf/ O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnL, g]jfMvnsf cWoIf lbnLk dxh{g,
g'jfsf]6sf k"j{ lhlj; ;efklt e/t 9'ª\ufgf / dhb'/ g]tf zDe' kf}8]n /xg'ePsf]
5 .
Joj:yfkg ;xof]u ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\
ut zlgaf/ dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] .
;f“:s[lts
kl/jf/sf] e]nfsf] tof/L
sf7df8f}+÷
klZrd g]kfnsf] ljz]if If]qLo ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/x?sf] e]nf oxL r}q @! b]lv @$ ;Dd
ljz]if sfo{qmdsf ;fy ;DkGg x'g] tof/L eO/x]sf] s'/f k|lt/f]w ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf
cWoIf s"ndfg a'9fn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .
r}q
@$ sf] hgcfGbf]ng lbj;;“u hf]8]/ ;f“:s[lts e]nfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] hgfOPsf]
5 . e]nfn] ljz]if If]qsf ;f“;s[lts df]rf{x?nfO{ Jojl:yt u/L cl3 a9fpg] ;ª\s]t
k|fKt va/df hgfOPsf] 5 . b]zdf hgo'4sf] ;'?jftkZrft\ vf;u/L ;ª\s6sfnsf]
cjlwdf k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfn] kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf snfsf/x?sf] ;fj{hlgsLs/0f / l/xfOsf
nflu klg ljz]if If]qsf ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/x?n] hf]8bf/ dfu u/]sf 5g\ .
jftf{6f]nLåf/f
sf+u|];–Pdfn] g]tf;“u e]6
sf7df8f}+÷
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] jftf{6f]nLn] ljleGg /fhg}lts kf6L{sf g]tfx? Pjd\ gful/s
;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?;“u e]63f6sf] qmd ;'? u/]sf] 5 . cfOtaf/ / ;f]daf/
jftf{6f]nLn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; / Pdfn] g]t[Tj;“u e]63f6 u/]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
e]33f6sf]
qmddf dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLsf ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{;lxt ;a} ;b:ox? ;xefuL
x'g'x'GYof] eg] Pdfn]sf] tkm{af6 dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn;lxt s]Gb|Lo g]tfx? o'j/fh
1jfnL, ;'af; g]Djfª / ;'/]Gb| kf08] ;xefuL ePsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
e]63f6kl5
hgfb]z;“usf] s'/fsfgLdf dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLsf ;b:o s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] e]63f6
cToGt} ;f}xfb{k"0f{ /x]sf] hgfpg'eof] . pQm e]63f6sf] qmddf b'a}kIfaLr
ePsf cGt/lj/f]waf6 kf7 l;Sb} lg/+s'ztfjfbL d'Vo b'Zdglj?4 cfk;L 5nkmn / ;xdltaf6
;xsfo{ ub}{ cl3 a9\g] ;xdlt ePsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . To:t} b'a} kIfaf6 Psfk;df
ePsf sdLsdhf]/Laf/] bf]xf]/f] 5fgljg ub}{ hfg] ;xdlt ePsf] klg a'lemPsf] 5 .
e]63f6df Go"gtd\ ;femf ;xdltsf dfWodaf6 d'n'snfO{ cu|ufdL lbzfdf n}hfg nIo
lgwf{/0f ug{ b'a} kIf ;xdt ePsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . b'a} kIfaLrsf] jftf{ cfufdL
lbgdf hf/L /xg] klg a'lemPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L
cfOtaf/ dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLn] sf+u|]; ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf;lxt ;xdxfdGqL
uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL, s]Gb|Lo ;b:oåo g/xl/ cfrfo{ / s[i0f l;6f}nf;“u e]6jftf{ u/]sf]
5 . jftf{df k|ltudglj?4 cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem dfly p7fpg] tyf dfcf]jfbL kIfn]
k|:t't u/]sf Ph]08faf/] 5nkmn ug{ ;+o'Qm 6f]nL u7g ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
o;}aLr
jftf{6f]nLn] cfh /fk|kf cWoIf kz'klt zdz]/nfO{ e]6\g] a'lemPsf] 5 .
bf]nvf÷
tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, bf]nvfsf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ng eJo ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . r}q !% b]lv !^ ;Dd rn]sf] ;f] ;Dd]ngn] s[i0faxfb'/ tfdfªsf]
cWoIftfdf !& ;b:oLo ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 .
tf/fd'df]sf
s]Gb|Lo dxf;lrj bfjf tfdfªn] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf df]rf{s} s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
zª\s/ nfdf, clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf lhNnf cWoIf s"naxfb'/
a'9fyf]sL, kf6L{ k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf bf]nvf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L cl:dtfnufotsf jQmfx?n]
af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . z}n'ª ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf] cfsif{s g[To / uLtx?;“u}
;'?jft ePsf] ;f] ;Dd]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ;efdf yfdL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo
cWoIf b|f]0faxfb'/ yfdLn] klg af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
cd]l/sL ljz]if1dfly
9'ª\uf / c08f jiff{
cª\sf/f÷
ut zlgaf/ blIf0f–k"jL{ 6sL{sf ufp“n]x?n] cd]l/sL ljz]if1x?nfO{ 9'ª\uf
/ c08fn] lxsf{P/ nv]6]sf 5g\ . tL ljz]if1x? ;f] If]qdf b'3{6gfsf sf/0f
v;]sf] 5]Kof:qsf eUgfjz]if a6'Ng k'u]sf lyP . cfqmf]lzt :yfgLo ufp“n]x?n]
tL ljz]if1x? af]s]sf] rf/j6f ;jf/L ;fwgsf] P]gf km'6fpg'sf ;fy} o'4lj/f]wL gf/fx?
nufPsf lyP . z'qmaf/ zflGnpkmf{ k|fGtsf] ;fgf] j'o's d'8]{s ufp“b]lv s/La
cfwf ls=dL= 6f9f v;]sf] ;f] If]Kof:q ;f] If]qdf Ps ;ftfleq b'3{6gfu|:t ePsf]
t];|f] cd]l/sL If]Kof:q xf] .
xfn}
eO/x]sf] cd]l/sf–O/fs o'4sf] lj/f]w k|bz{g ug{ lrlgof“ ;/sf/n] 5'6 lbPsf] 5 .
af}l4sju{sf] ;xeflutf /xg] tL k|bz{gLx?df cfof]hsx?n] Ps ;oeGbf a9L pkl:yt u/fpg
kfpg] 5}gg\ .
a]Olhª
o'lgel;{6L ckm P/f]gl6S;sf k|fWofks xfg 8flSjofª / cGo vuf]nzf:qLx?n] k|x/Ln]
cfkm"x?nfO{ ;8sdf cf]n{g / cd]l/sL b"tfjf;;fd' k|bz{g ug{ lrlgof“ ;/sf/n]
/f]s nufPsf] atfPsf 5g\ .
cd]l/sL
;]gfnfO{ O/fsLx?åf/f
c08f / df;'
a}u'gLnfO{
u'0fn] dfg'{k5{ eGg] pvfgsf] rl/tfy{ O/fsLx?åf/f b]vfOPsf] 5 . u7aGwg ;]gfsf]
eLif0f cfqmd0fsf] sf/0f ufp“ 5f]8\g afWo ePsf O/fsL gful/sx?n] ysfO{ / ef]sn]
nvt/fg ePsf cd]l/sL ;]gfx?nfO{ e]8f / s'v'/fsf] df;'sf ;fy} pl;g]sf] c08f;d]t
v'jfPsf 5g\ . c/aL efiff af]Ng hfg]sf cd]l/sL ;]gfn] o'4sf sf/0f lj:yflkt
O/fsLsf b'O{j6f a;;“u ;Dks{ u/L vfg]s'/f pknAw u/fpg cg'/f]w u/]kl5 pgLx?n]
af6f]df NofP/ tL vfg]s'/fx? af“8]sf] s'/f cd]l/sL ;]gfsf ;h]{G6 s]g]y ljN;gn]
atfPsf lyP .
k"j{
cd]l/sL /fhb"tåf/f o'4sf] lj/f]w
cd]l/sL
/fi6«klt /f]gfN8 /]ugsf] sfo{sfndf O/fsdf /fhb"t ePsf P8jf8{ Pn k]sn] cd]l/sfåf/f
O/fsdfly ul/Psf] cfqmd0fsf] s8f zAbdf lj/f]w hgfPsf 5g\ . pgn] RofkDofg
ljZjljBfnodf k|jrg lbg] qmddf z'qmaf/ JoQm u/]sf x'g\ . …O/fsL ;ª\s6nfO{
s'6gLlts kxnaf6 dfq} ;dfwfg ug'{k5{ .Ú k]sn] eg]– o'4n] dWok"j{df
a}jg:otf a9fpg'sf ;fy} cd]l/sfdf cftª\sjfb a9\g]5 . pgn] O/fsL /fi6«klt
;2fd x';]gsf] k|z+;f ;d]t ub}{ pgL Ps ;kmn JolQm ePsf] / pxf“dfly hfOnfUg]
s'/f Hofb} s7Lg ePsf] ;d]t atfP . k}sn] cd]l/sfn] dfq ljZjdf zflGt / sfg'gL
dfGotfsf] k|Tofe"lt u/fpg g;Sg] atfP .
g]kfn /
ef/tsf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+o'Qm lj/f]w
sf7df8f}+÷
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ / ef/tLo sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pd=Pn=_ -lkk'N;jf/_ n]
;+o'Qm k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ xfn} cd]l/sf / a]nfolt ;]gfåf/f O/fsdfly ePsf]
x:tIf]ksf] 3f]/ eT;{gf u/]sf 5g\ . lj1lKtdf cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf] k|lt/f]w ug{
cfx\jfg ub}{ a]nfotL / cd]l/sL ;fdfgx? blIf0f Pl;ofaf6} alxisf/ ug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf]
5 .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o s= uf}/j / ef=s=kf=-dfn]_ -lkk'N;jf/_ sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o
s= k|bLkåf/f x:tfIfl/t ;+o'Qm k|]; lj1lKtdf cd]l/sf jf To:t} ;fd|fHojfbL
zlQmx?nfO{ O/fsL ;/sf/ lu/fpg] s'g} clwsf/ gePsf] hgfp“b} cufl8 elgPsf] 5–
…O/fsL hgtfsf] cfkm\gf] lbzf cfkm} lgwf{l/t ug]{ clwsf/ vf]l;Psf] 5 .
ljz]if u/L xfdL g]kfn / ef/t tyf ljZje/sf ;j{xf/fju{nfO{ ckLn ug{ rfxG5f}+ ls
of] cGofok"0f{ / ck/fwL o'4lj?4 k|lt/f]w / lj/f]w u/f}+ .Ú
lj1lKtdf
blIf0f Pl;ofsf ;d:t hgtfnfO{ cd]l/sL / a]nfotL ;fdfgx? alxisf/ u/]/ x:tIf]ksf
lj?4 ;f“:s[lts k|lt/f]w ug{ ckLn ub}{ cufl8 elgPsf] 5– …;fd|fHojfb eGg'
o'4sf] csf]{ gfd xf], xfdL ;a} ;fd|fHojfbL k2ltnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ clGtd;Dd n8\g cfx\jfg
ub{5f}+ .Ú
k|];
lj1lKtdf cd]l/sf / a]nfolt ;]gfåf/f ePsf] aa{/ / cGofok"0f{ o'4 /fi6«sf]
;fj{ef}ldstf vl08t ug]{ x:tIf]ksf/L ePsf] hgfp“b} …of] k|hftGq / cGt/f{li6«o
sfg'gdfly ;fd|fHojfbL / To;l;t uf“l;Psf zlQmx?sf] n"6, xTof / anfTsf/ xf] .
o;af6 cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ ;d]t cfkm\gf] cf}hf/ jf OR5f
k"/f ug]{ ;fwgsf ?kdf pkof]u ub}{5 .Ú
O/fsdflysf] x:tIf]klj?4
;zQm k|bz{g
xhf/f}+ g]kfnL / klZrdf gful/sx? lj/f]w k|bz{gdf ;xefuL
sf7df8f}+÷
cd]l/sL g]t[Tjdf O/fsdfly eO/x]sf] cfqmd0flj?4 g]kfndf /x]sf klZrdf gful/sx? klg
;8sdf plqPsf 5g\ . ;f]daf/ …O/fsdfly cd]l/sL o'4lj?4 ;femf cleofgÚn]
cfof]hgf u/]sf] lj/f]w k|bz{gdf pNn]Vo?kdf pkl:yt ePsf cd]l/sL / a]nfotL gful/sx?n]
pQm s'/fsf] k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ .
s]xL
xKtfcl3 g]kfn cfPsf n08glgjf;L Nof/L P8dn] ;f]daf/sf] lj/f]w k|bz{gdf ;xefuL
x'“b} hgfb]z;“u eg]– …g]kfnL hgtf jf:tjdf zflGtk|]dL /x]5g\ . d t
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O/fsaf6 kms{g'kg]{5 .Ú
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sDo'lg:6 ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj/f]wdf Ps x'g] u5f}{+ . d clxn] g]kfnL hgtfaLr
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af]N5, of] dnfO{ dgk/]g . d cfh uf}/jflGjt 5' ls ljb|f]xL g]tf dx/f;“u d
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sfg'g Joj;foL, kqsf/, lzIfs / k|fWofksx? jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:o dft[sf ofbj;“u}
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s]xL j/ /f]s]sf] lyof] . hxf“ a]nfotL gful/sx?n] g} ;a}eGbf rsf]{ :j/n]
a]nfotlj?4 gf/f nufPsf lyP .
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