cGt/jftf{

xfd|f] k|d'v nIo b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQm xf]

b]j u'?ª\, jftf{6f]nL ;b:o, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_

clxn]sf] /fli6«o /fhgLltnfO{ s;/L x]l//xg'ePsf] 5 <

    clxn] d'n's, uDeL/ cj:yfdf u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . hgtfsf hgtflGqs clwsf/x? ckxl/t ePsf 5g\ . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt ;Lldt clwsf/x? klg vf]l;O;s]sf] 5 . d'n'sdf slyt ;+s6sfn nfu" u/]b]lv g} h+uL zf;g rln/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o :jflwgtf / :jtGqtf s'l07t dfq xf]Og, ljb]zL ;fd|fHojfbL / lj:tf/jfbL zlQmx?sf] x:tIF]ksf/L ultljlwx? ljleGg gfd / lgx'df a9fp“b} nlu/x]sf] 5 . hghLjLsfsf] If]q sldzgtGq / ei6frf/n] ubf{ Wj:t agfO;s]sf] 5 / g]kfnL hgtf ;+;f/df ;aeGbf u/La / bl/b|tfsf] :t/df k'Ub} 5 . hLjg:t/ lbg k|lt lbg x|f; eO/x]sf] 5 . ljsf; lgdf{0f 7Kk 5 .

    o:tf] cj:yfdf !@ jif{b]lv Ps 9+un] ;Qf ;DxfNb} cfPsf ;+;b\\jfbL zlQmx? d'n'ssf] l:yltaf6 cu|ufdL lbzf lbg c;kmn ;fljt ePsf 5g\ . k'/fgf k|ltlqmofjfbL b/jf/Lof zlQmx? 3f]/ lg/+s'z / kmf;LjfbL 9+un] rNg] b'Zk|of; ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] s'/f ;a}n] b]v]s} ljifo eof] . k/Dk/fut lg/+s'z 9ª\un] Tof] ;Qf rNg / l6Sg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g hgtfsf] cfsf+IFf / rfxfgfcg'?k qmflGtsf/Lx?n] k"0f{ ?kn] ljho k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] l:ylt 5}g . o;/L /fhgLlts zlQmx? aLr zlQm ;Gt'ng / /fhgLlts t/ntfsf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . oxL l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ xfd|f] kf6L{n] zflGtk"0f{ ;Djfbs} k|lqmofaf6 cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] ck]IFf;lxt ;Djfbsf] k|lqmof yfngL ug{ ljut jif{x?b]lv ;~rflnt hgo'4sf ;z:q kmf}hL sfjf{xLx?nfO{ :ylut u/]/ gof“ /fhgLlts lgsf; lbg] k|oTg ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

o'4df 8l6/x]sf] / zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] l:yltdf k'lu;s]sf] kf6L{ PsfPs jftf{ k|lt olt nlrnf] ?kdf k]; x'g'sf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <

    jftf{ klg o'4s} csf]{ ?k xf] . o'4 /Qmkftk"0f{ /fhgLlts ;Djfb xf] eg] jftf{ /QmkftxLg /fhgLlts o'4 xf] . b]z, hgtf / qmflGtsf] kIfdf ;+3if{sf] h'g;'s} ?k klg ckgfpg ;lsG5 . lsgeg] k|d'v nIo b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQm / qmflGt xf] . nIodf k'Ug] dfWod jf ;fwgsf ?kdf j:t'l:yltn] dfu u/]cg'?k h'g;'s} x'g;S5 / hltv]/ h'g klg ?k ckgfpg tof/ x'g'kb{5 . of] g} dfn]dfjfbL z}nL klg xf] . o'4lj/fd / jftf{ xfd|f] kf6L{ cWoIf s=k|r08n] eGg' eP em}+ zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] ljlzi6 P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfsf] cleJolQm klg xf] . zlQm ;Gt'ngs} cj:yfdf cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] ;Defjgf k|jn /xG5 . d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts t/ntf / zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] l:yltaf6 hgtfsf] tTsfnLg nIox? ;+jfb / zflGtk"0f{ k|lqmofaf6 klg k"/f x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf /xG5 eg] /Qmkft s} o'4dfq xfd|f] /x/ xf]Og . /Qmkftk"0f{ o'4 t k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] l;h{gf u/]sf] lx+;fTds :j]t cft+ssf] jfWofTds kl/0ffd xf] .

clxn] b'O{ kIFLo o'4lj/fd kl5 jftf{ k|lqmofdf hfg] ljifodf k|ult s:tf] e}/x]sf] 5 <

    – jftf{ k|lqmofsf] ult wLdf 5 . k"/fgf] ;QfkIFaf6 cToGt} l9nf;':tL låljwf, IF0f–If0fdf egfO{x? km]l//xg] / jftf{sf nflu zfxL ;]gfnfO{ Aof/]sdf lkmtf{ u/fpg / o'4jGbLx? l/xf ug]{ h:tf Go"gtd ;t{x? klg k"/f ul//x]sf] 5}g . emg\ pN6f] o'4lj/fdsf] dfGotf ljkl/t k'/fgf] ;QfkIfaf6 zfxL ;]gf kl/rfng u/fO/fv]sf] 5 . xTof, bdg, w/ks8, vfgtnf;L, 5fkfdf/L cflb u/]/ hgtfnfO{ cft+lst agfO{/fv]sf] 5 . cfrf/;+lxtf;Dd p;af6 sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . t/ xfd|f] tkm{af6 jftf{sf] kIFdf jftfj/0f agfpg / zL3| kxn ug{ lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy kxn eO/x]sf] 5 .

jftf{sf] ;kmntf k|lt slt cfzf /fVg'ePsf] 5 <

    – ;/sf/L kIF jftf{sf] kIFdf lhDd]jf/L / Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy cfpg lxlRsrfx6 b]lvP tfklg jftf{–k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg jt{dfg kl/l:ylt / hgcfsf+IFfn] ubf{ jfWofTds cj:yf l;h{gf x'“b} uO/x]sf] 5 . ctM xfdL cfzf ul//x]sf 5f}+ ls jftf{af6 g} d'n'ssf] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] ;jfndf ;xdltdf k'Ug ;lsg]5 . To;}n] ubf{ g} xfdL lhDd]jf/Laf]w / Odfgbf/Ltfsf;fy jftf{ k|s[ofdf nflu/x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] OdfGbf/LtfnfO{ ;'/lIft cjt/0f, cfTd;dk{0f jf sdhf]/L 7fg]/ gfhfoh kmfO{bf lng] b'Zk|of; s;}n] u5{ eg] To;sf] prLt k|ltjfbsf] nflu klg xfdL x/xd]zf plQs} tof/Ldf 5f}+ .

jftf{–k|lqmofdf cGo k|d'v ;+;b\\jfbL /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ pk]Iff ul/of] eGg] cf/f]k klg 5 lg <

    – cGo ;+;b\\jfbL /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ cufl8 a9\g] xfd|f] dg;fo ljNs'n xf]Og . /fhgLlts lgsf;sf dxTjk"0f{ ;jfnx?df ;a}sf] ;xdlt cfjZos x'G5 . To;}n] xfd|f] tkm{af6 ;a};“u ;Djfb rln/x]s} 5 . o'4lj/fds} ;jfndf klg ;fdfGotM ;a};“u s'/f eO/x]s} xf] . k/Gt' o'4/t kIF t cflv/ k'/fgf] ;Qf dfq xf] . p;};“u ;+jfb gu/L o'4lj/fd gx'g] s'/f t k|i6} 5 . ;d:of pk]IFfsf] geO{ ;+;b\\jfbL kf6L{x?n] kl/jlt{t ;dosf] ult / pbodfg hg;QfnfO{ kS8g g;s]sf] xf] . pgLx?df h8tf, cfu|x k"jf{u|x / ;ª\sL0f{ u'6:jfy{n] sfd u/]sf] 5 .

tkfO{+x?k|lt rGb ;/sf/ cj}wflgs ePsfn] of] ;/sf/;“u jftf{ ug'{ eg]sf] j}wflgstf lbg' / c;f]h !* sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] 3'dfp/f] ;xdlt h:tf] eof] eGg] klg 5 lg <

    – xfdLn] klxn] k|i6 ul/;s]sf 5f}+ ls j}wflgstfsf] s'/f p7fpg] xf] eg] of] ;/sf/ dfq xf]Og l;¨f] /fHoJoj:yf g} cj}w 5 . )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg ;d]t hgefjgfcg'?k aGg g;s]sf]n] cj}w 5 . Tolx ;+ljwfgsf] klg gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08 ;+u} xTof e};s]sf] 5 . c;f]h !* sf] zfxL 3f]if0ff To;}sf] hf/L ?k xf] . clxn] ;+;b\\jfbL bnx?n] p7fpg] ul//x]sf] j}wtfsf] k|Zg ;+;b\Lo 3]/fleqsf] k|Zg xf] . xfdLn] ;+;b\Lo 3]/fnfO{ plxn] g} ljb|f]x u/]/ tf]l8;s]sf 5f}+ . xfdLnfO{ ;+;b\Lo 3]/fleqsf] j}w / cj}wsf] 3]/fdf af“lwg' kg]{ k|Zg} p7\b}g . /fhgLlts dfldnfx?sf] lg?k0f d'VotM /fhgLlts zlQmx?sf] jf:tljs l:ylt (Defacto) sf] cfwf/df x'g] u5{ . j}wflgstf (Dejure) ;fdfGo cf}krfl/s kIFdfq xf] . cfhsf] oyfy{tf eg]sf] ;Dk"0f{ zlQm /fhfdf s]lGb|t u/]/ /fhfn] g} ;]gf kl/rfng u/L u[xo'4 e}/x]sf] l:ylt xf] . o'4/t b'O{ kIF aLrsf] n]gb]g /fhf;+u g} x'G5 . xfdLn] jftf{ ug]{ eg]sf] klg /fhfs} k|ltlglw;+u xf] . of] /fhgLltssf] …s,vÚ a'em\g] hf] s;}n] klg ;xh} a'£g] ljifo xf] . o:tf] gf¨f] oyfy{tfnfO{ gsfg{ ljNs'n} ldNb}g .

o;nfO{ t sltko ;+;b\jfbLx?n] /fhf / dfcf]jfbL aLr u7aGwg ePsf] t xf]Og < eg]/ zª\sf klg JoQm u/]sf 5g\ lg <

    – o'4/t b'O{ kIF aLrdf n8fO“ klg x'G5, ;Djfb klg x'G5 / n]gb]g klg x'g;S5 . of] juL{o cGt/lj/f]w / ju{;+3if{sf] lgod g} xf] . /, tLj| ju{;+3if{sf] cleJolQm klg xf] . cGo ;Qf aflx/sf zlQmx?;+u Tof] prfO{df juL{o cGt/lj/f]w  klg x'“b}g / Tof] :t/sf] ju{;+3if{ klg x'“b}g . clg h'g zlQm;“u ju{;+3if{n] r/d ?k lnP/ o'4sf] :t/df k'usf] x'G5 p;};“u u7aGwgsf] cfz+sfsf] s'/f ug'{ cfºgf] cl:tTj ;+s6sf] lrRofx6 xf] eGg] cy{df a'£g' j:t'jfbL x'g]5 .

jftf{af6 )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] pknlAwnfO{ ;d]t ldRg] sfd x'g;S5 eGg] cfzª\sf klg JoQm ul/+b}5 lg <

    – oxf“ tLg k|sf/sf /fhgLlts zlQmx?sf] tLg k|sf/sf] wf/0ff 5 . /fhfjfbL zlQmx?n] )$^ ;fn k"j{sf] l:yltdf d'n'snfO{ kmsf{pg rfxG5g\ . ;+;b\jfbLx? )$^ ;fnsf] pknAwL / )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] /Iffsf] gfddf oyfl:yltdf cl8/xg rfxG5g\ . xfdL )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngn] dfq k'u]g / k"0f{ k|hftGq k|flKt x'g ;s]g eg]/ Tof] eGbf cufl8 a9]/ k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] lglDt o'4/t 5f}+ . )$^ ;fnsf] cw'/f] l:yltnfO{ k"/f ug{ k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] nflu n8\g' k5{  eGg] zlQmn] )$^ ;fnsf] pknAwLnfO{ ldRg] s'/f sNkgf eGbf aflx/sf] s'/f xf] . o; cf/f]ksf] k5fl8 s'g} t's 5}g .

;+j}wflgs /fhtGqfTds ;+ljwfg )$& nfO{ ldlrof] / /fhfnfO{ ;lqmo agfOof] eGg] cf/f]knfO{ s;/L k|ltjfb ug'{x'G5 <

    – klxnf] s'/f )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] t ;fOgjf]8{ em'08fOlbPsf] dfq xf] . jf:tljs cy{df Tof] ;+j}wflgs g} lyPg . /fhf jL/]Gb| pbf/ JolQmTj ePsf] x'gfn]  To; ;+ljwfgnfO{ cjnDjg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/, /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] xTof ;+u;+u} pQm ;+ljwfgsf] cfTdf klg xTof eO;s]sf] 5 / /fhf ;qmLo eO{;s]sf] 5 . )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgn] /fhfnfO{ ;+j}wflgs agfpg} ;Sb}g . /fhfnfO{ jf:tljs cy{df ;+j}wflgs agfpgsf] nflu dfq klg )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ kl/jt{g ug}{ k5{ To;sf] nflu km]/L klg cfGbf]ng, ljb|f]x jf /fhf;+u g} )$^ ;fnsf] eGbf cem csf]{ prfO“af6 ;+jfb / ;j{;xdltsf] cfwf/df hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d ;Qfsf] clwsf/ ;DkGg u/fpg g;Sbf;Dd /fhfnfO{ ;+j}wflgs agfpg ;lsb}g . ctM /fhfnfO{ ;qmLo xfdLn] xf]Og gf/fo0flx6L b/jf/ xTofsf08b]lv g} pxL ;+;b\jfbL g]tfx?sf] ;xof]u / ;dy{gaf6 /fhf ;qmLo e};s]sf] 5 . To;nfO{ xfdLdfly bf]iff/f]k0f ug{ vf]Hg' pgLx?n] b/jf/ xTofsf08b]lv k|bz{g ub}{ cfO/x]sf] bnfnL / sfo/ rl/qdfly kbf{ xfNg vf]Hg' dfq xf] .

jftf{af6 g} ;+ljwfg–;efsf] r'gfj x'g ;Sg] b]Vg'x'G5  <

    – ;+ljwfg–;ef hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d clwsf/;DkGg u/fpg / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ Pp6f k|hftflGqs ljlw xf] . of] lglZrt nIodf k'Ug] Pp6f dfWod jf ;fwg xf] . nIo eg]sf] hgtnfO{ ;fj{ef}d ;Qfsf] clwsf/af6 ;d[4 u/fP/ k"0f{ k|hftflGqs k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug'{ xf] . To;sf] nflu ;+ljwfg hgtfn] agfpg kfpg' kg]{, /fHonfO{ wd{ lg/k]IF agfOg' kg,]{ ;Qfsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;]gf hgk|ltlglwx?sf] dftxtdf u7g k'gu{7g, lgoGq0f / kl/rfng ug{ kfpg' kb{5 . cf:yf / ljZjf; cg';f/ bnx?sf] :jtGqtf / k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg' kb{5 . :jR5, lgZkIf cfd lgjf{rg k|0ffnL x'g'kb{5 . hgtfsf df}lns xs clwsf/x?sf] :yfkgf / ;'/Iffsf] ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 . pTkLl8t hflt tyf If]qx?sf] lglDt cfTd lg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxt hftLo tyf If]qLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yf sfod u/L s]Gb|df ;+3fTds k|s[ltsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ePsf] Joj:yflksf / sfo{kflnsfsf] Joj:yf sfod ul/g' kb{5 . uf;, jf;, skf;sf] ;'lglZrt ;lxt /fli6«o cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f ul/g' kb{5 . o;/L /fli6«otf, hgtGq / hghLjLsf;“u ;DalGwt d"ne"t ;jfnx?sf] k|flKt g} clxn]sf] d"ne"t nIo xf] . hgtf, gful/s ;dfh / /fhgLlts zlQmx?sf] ;j{;xdltaf6 oL nIox? k"/f ug{ s'g ljlw / dfWod ts{;+ut x'g ;S5  Tof] cjnDjg ug{ tof/ 5f}+ . t/, clxn];Dd xfdLnfO{ ;+ljwfg–;efs} k|lqmofåf/f oL nIox? k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] nflu/x]sf] 5 .

;+j}wflgs /fhtGq af/] lg <

    – /fhf ;+j}wflgs ?kdf /xg] of g/xg] /fhfs} e"ldsfdf lgxLt /x]sf] 5 . /fhfn] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] clwsf/ hgtfdf lglxt u/fpg tof/ x'G5g\ of x'“b}gg\ . dfly rrf{ ul/Psf d'ne"t ;jfnx?df slt ;xdt x'G5g\ of x'b}gg\ eGg] cfwf/df /fhfsf] eljio lgwf{/0f x'G5 . clxn]sf] ?kdf ;qmLo /fhf g]kfnL hgtfsf] lglDt :jLsfo{ x'g ;Sb}g .

uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng eof] eg] To;sf] :j?k s:tf] x'G5 / To;n] s] cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g unf{ <

    – o'4/t b'O{kIfaLr jftf{sf] k|s[of cufl8 a9\of] eg] /fhgLlts lgsf;sf dxTjk"0f{ ;jfnx?nfO{ lnP/ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng x'G5 . To;df xfd|f] rfxfgf 5 d'n'sdf ljBdfg ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?, gful/s ;dfhsf jl/i7 JolQmTjx?, hftLo, If]qLo, n}l¨s, blnt, wfld{s cflb ;dfhsf ;a} tx / tKsfsf k|ltlglwx? cflb To; ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL xf]pmg\ . t/, oL kIFx? /fhfsf] cltl/Qm d'Vo d'Vo /fhgLlts zlQmx?sf] ;j{;xdltsf] cfwf/df to x'g]5 . To;} u/L pQm ;Dd]ngn] ;+ljwfg– ;efsf] r'gfj / To;sf] nflu ;j{;xdltdf ;a} kIFsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] rfxgf klg xf] . t/, ;j{kIfLo c+usf] kIFdf uO{;s]kl5 ;j{;xdltsf] cfwf/df / /fhgLlts ljifox?df x'g] ;xdlt / ljdlts} cfwf/df k|s[ofx? cufl8 a9\g] s'/f klg lglZrt 5 .

uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng / ;+ljwfg–;efsf] lgjf{rgdf s] tkfO{x?n] eg]cg'?ks} /fhgLlts sfo{qmd / gLltx? kfl/t xf]nf eGg] ljZjf; 5 <

    – /fhgLlt eg]sf] hf]lvdsf] n8fO“ klg xf] . hf]lvd gp7fO{ cu|ufdL lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g ;lsGg . xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5 ls xfdLn] p7fPsf /fhgLlts sfo{qmd / gLltx? /fli6«otf, hgtGq / hghLjLsfsf] kIfdf 5g\ . Tof] ts{;+ut dfq xf]Og hgtfsf] kIfdf Gofok"0f{ klg 5 . To;}n] tL c+ux?n] ;sf/fTds /fhgLlts lgZsif{ g} lgsfNg] ljZjf; 5 . olb xfdLn] p7fPsf ;jfnx? a]7Ls 5g\ / hglxt cg's"n 5}gg\ eg] ts{;+ut tYox? h'g;'s} kIfn] klg ax;df cufl8 Nofcf];\ . xfdLdf s'g} cfu|x / k"jf{u|x 5}g . v'nf lbdfu lnP/ cufl8 a9\g klg plQs} tof/ 5f}+ / /xG5f}+ klg .

cGTodf s]xL eGg'x'G5 ls <

    – xfd|f] hf]8 jftf{n] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; lbg ;sf];\ eGg]df g} /x]sf] 5 . jftf{nfO{ ljyf]Ng vf]Hg] s'g} klg b]zL ljb]zL k|ltufdL zlQmx?nfO{ cGttM Oltxf;sf] To; 3l8df hgtfn] kfvf nfufO{ 5f8\g]5g\ . 7f]; l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f u/]/ gLlt / sfo{qmdx? th{'df ub}{ cufl8 a9\g ;Sg] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] j}1flgs dfu{bz{gdf b[9 /x]df ju{;+3if{sf h'g;'s} df]rf{df klg cf“wL–t'kmfg / Hjf/ef6fx? g} lsg gcfpg tL r'gf}tLx?nfO{ ;fdgf ug{ ;lsG5 / hgtfsf] ljho ;'lglZrt 5 eGg] ljZjf; cfd hgtfdf lbnfpg rfxfG5' .