o'4 / o'4lj/fdn] l;h]{sf] ;fdlostf / sljx¿sf] lrGtf
hgo'4sf] ;ft
jif{ / klZrd g]kfnsf] uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf;
r}q
rf}aL; M hgd'lQm cfGbf]ngdf hgljb|f]xsf] af6f]
jftf{ 6f]nLdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] s'/f
o'4 /
o'4lj/fdn] l;h]{sf] ;fdlostf / sljx¿sf] lrGtf
>LsfGt e08f/L
;dsfnLg sljtfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' jt{dfgsf dfG5] / dfG5]sf] ;/f]sf/
xf] . dfG5]sf] ;/f]sf/sf] s'/f ubf{ xfd|f] ;dsfnLgtfdf xfdL / xfdL;"u}
bgbgL hln/x]sf] / v/fgLsf] y'k|f]df kl/0ft x'gnfu]sf] o'4lj/fdcl3sf] lgjlt{t
xfd|f] /fli6«o kl/j]z klg ;xh} hf]l8g cfOk'U5 . sljx¿ hf] cfkm\gf] /fi6«
/ /fli6«otf, hgtf / hgtGqk|lt lrlGtt 5g\ cyf{t\ hf] oyfy{jfbL 5g\, ltgLx¿ o;
s7f]/ / s6' ;fdlostfk|lt ck|lta4 /xg ;Qm}gg\ / 5}gg\ klg . hf] oyfl:yltjfbL
5g\ / cu|udg h;nfO{ c:jLsfo{ 5, pgLx¿ en} oyfl:yltsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] sfdgf u?g\ t/
oyfy{jfbL sljx¿ ;dsfnLgtf ag]/ b]vfkl//x]sf] s'¿k / s7f]/ oyfl:yltk|lt s7f]/
lgd{d ag]/ k|:t't x'G5g\, o;/L M
b]z hln/x]5
/ vf/fkl5 dxt v/fgL ePsf] 5
dfgjtf dl//x]5 xTof cleofgdf
/ kfª,
kjfª /utdf ntkt ePsf] 5
/f]O/x]5 clgsfndf s0ff{nL
/ ef]sd/Ldf e]/L ylnPsf] 5 .
-O{Zj/rGb|
1jfnL, …bz}+ dgfpg] lhDdfÚ, o;/L b]z dl//x]5,
k[= (@_
o'4lj/fdn]
lgjlt{t agfPsf] kl/j]zdf slj 1jfnLn] eg]em}+ /fi6« o;/L g} hn]/ v/fgL eO/x]s} t
lyof] . s0ff{nfLsf] clgsfn / e]/Lsf] ef]sd/L t cem} p:t} 5 / oyfy{jfbL
sljsf] lrGtf o;} s7f]/ ;dsfnLgtfk|lt 5 . slj 1jfnLsf] o;/L
b]z dl//x]5 ev{/} ahf/df cfOk'u]sf] ;+u|x xf] . o; ;+u|xsf]
ljz]iftf s] xf] eg] o;df ;+u[xLt ;a}h;f] sljtfx¿df xfd|f] s7f]/ ;dsfnLgtfk|lt
sljsf] tLj| rf;f] / lrGtf k|s6 ePsf] 5 . ;+u|xs} zLif{s;d]t /flvPsf]
…o;/L b]z dl//x]5Ú sljtfdf o:t} lrGtfnfO{ cem tLj|tf lb+b} pgL eG5g\ M
k]6df k6'sf af“w]/ sldnf ef]s} ;'?ª vGb} 5g\
/ sLgf{x¿ kh]/f] r9]/ ;o/ ub}{ 5g\
xnf] hf]Tbf ;'s]sf sª\sfnx¿nfO{ lh:sfp"b}
lrNnf sf/ dfG5]x¿ lsr]/ u'l8/x]5g\
/ pgn] af"w]sf esf/L / uf]bfd ;f]xf]l//x]5g\ .
=== ===
=== ===
b]z n'6df vf]lqmP/
v'q'Ss k¥of]
e|i6tf, cg}ltstf / cTofrf/df k/]/
k|hftGq d¥of]
-pxL, k[= !#_
hgtf
ef]sn] sldnf aGg' k/]sf] / ef]s} ;'?ª vGg' k/]sf] laANof“6f]df ;Qfdf k'Ug]x¿rflx+
sLgf{em}+ df]6fP/ kh]/f]df ;o/ ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] s'¿ktf g} xfd|f] s7f]/ ;dsfnLgtf
xf] . slyt k|hftGqn] hGdfPsf] oxL s'¿ktfn] ToxL k|hftGqnfO{ vfP/ xTof ul/lbPsf]
oyfy{tf ;dsfnLgtfsf] csf]{ s'¿k kf6f] xf] . oyfy{jfbL sljsf] lrGtf ;Lldt
vfn] k|hftGqn] hGdfPsf ljs[lt / ToxL ;Lldt vfn] k|hftGq g} klg vfg ;Sg] To;sf]
ljlzi6 ;fdYo{k|lt 5 . g]kfnL hgtfn] o:t} cfj[Q eO/xg] s'¿ktfsf] cfj[lQ ca
gxf];\ eg]/} z:q p7fPsf x'g\ / g]kfnL df6f]df hg;d/sf ¿kdf ljut ;ft jif{;Dd
eLif0f ju{;+3if{ rn]sf] xf] . t/ oyfl:yltjfbsf
kf]ifs sLgf{x¿nfO{ Tof] ;x\o ePg / cfd hgtfsf] eLif0f xTofcleofg rnfof] To;n] .
vf/fnfO{ v/fgL agfof], dxtdf cfuf] nufof]], cg]sf]6df vf08jbfx /Rof] To;n] /
lhp“b} hnfof] Rofª\jf, d~h', ;'eb|f h:tf lgxTyf hgsnfsf/nfO{ . hgtfsf]
lk|o slj OR5'snfO{ oftgflzlj/df r/d oftgf lbP/ ;lxb agfof] To;n] .
oyfl:yltjfbL ;Qfåf/f ;~rflnt xTofsf] of] >[ª\vnf / p;sf] xTofj[lQn] ha r/d
¿k k|fKt ug{ yfNof] / hgxTofsf] v]tL g} ha p;sf] lbgrof{ aGof] ta hg;d/sf] ;+rfns
zlQmnfO{ ;f]Rg afWo t'Nofof] . /Qmkft /f]Sg' zfob ;dosf] dfu ag]/ xfd|f] ;dsfnLgtfleq}
lelqof] / ;DejtM o;} lrGtf / /fli6«o lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf hudf o'4lj/fdsf] gjLg ;Gbe{
3l6t eof] .
lgZro
klg o'4lj/fd cfkm}df sltsf nflu ;'Gb/ sljtf;d]t cg'e"t eof] . /Qmkft /
vf08jbfxdf eidLe"t x'gnfu]sf] /fi6«df o'4lj/fdn] c:yfO ¿kd} eP klg qf0f
l;h{gf u/]sfn] To;nfO{ ;'Gb/ sljtfsf ¿kdf cg'e"t ug'{ c:jfefljs
lyPg t/ of] cg'e"lt slt ofyfly{s / bL3{sflns xf]nf t < clxn]sf] ;jf{lws
lrGtfsf] ljifo oxL xf] . o:tf] lrGtf ;fdfGo hgdfg;n] ul//x]sf 5g\ , k|a'4
k];fut ;d'bfon] ul//x]sf 5g\, slj–snfsf/n] ul//x]sf 5g\ . jftf{ klg
o'4sf] Pp6f df]rf{ xf] . of] ;To clxn] ljz]if 9+un] pb\3fl6t / pb\eflift
x'“b} 5 . o;sf] af]w :jo+ jftf{sf/ aGg] hgtfsf klª\Qmgfosx¿;d]tnfO{
yfxf 5 . o:tf] ljZjf; ug]{ kof{Kt cfwf/x¿ 5g\ . t/ klg o'4sf] Pp6f
df]rf{ g} xf] of] eg] slj dl0f yfkfn] eg]em}+ æof] lrxfg ag]/ cfpg klg ;S5÷laxfg
ag]/ cfpg klg ;S5 .Æ cyf{t\ o; jftf{df]rf{df hLt x'g klg ;S5, xf/ x'g klg
;S5 . hLt cfefl;t dfq eP/ if8oGqsf] l;sf/ x'g klg ;lsG5 . o:tf cg]s
gsf/fTds ;+efjgfx¿ x'g klg ;S5g\ . oyfy{jfbL eljiob[li6 /fVg] ;dsfnLg
sljsf] lrGtf o;} gsf/fTds ;Defjgfk|lt /x]sf] 5 . slj k"0f{ lj/fd cfkm\gf]
;dsfnLgtfk|lt k|lta4 x'“b} n]V5g\ M
c“Wof/f]leq b}Ton] 5'kL{ eg]/
9'+uf lbg] ;Defjgf klg b]lvPsf] 5
pHofnf] lbg] axfgfdf pHofnf]s} xnfn ug{
au/]n] g:t/ t}of/ u/]sf] 5 eGg] klg a'lemPsf] 5 .
-…cfdfnfO{ ;dlk{t sljtfÚ, hgfb]z,
)%(r}q !!_
clxn]
/fi6«el/ / /fi6«aflx/ klg hxf“hxf“ /fi6« / hgtfk|lt lrlGtt g]kfnL
hg;d'bfo 5, Toxf“ ltgsf aLrdf lrGTffsf] s]Gb|Lo ljifo oxL ag]sf] 5 M st}
pHofnf] lbg] axfgfdf k'/fgf] ;Qfn] pHofnf] g} ;dfKt kfg]{ t xf]Og < slj
k"0f{lj/fdsf] lrGtf klg oxL xf] . slj jftf{–k|lqmofdf ;fd]n x'g]
hgtfsf k|ltlglwnfO{ …cfdfÚ ;+1fn] ;Daf]wg u5{g\ / To; k|lqmofdf k'/fgf]
;Qfaf6 x'g;Sg] cg]sg ;+efJo hfnem]nk|lt lrGtf k|s6 ub}{ …cfdfÚnfO{ ;r]t
u/fp“5g\ . jftf{–k|lqmof Jojxfl/s :t/df n]gb]gsf] Pp6f k|lqmof klg xf] .
o;df lbg]n] lb+bf s]xL 5f]8\g' kg]{ / dfUg] jf kfpg]n] klg s]xL 5f]8\g' kg]{
x'g;S5 . t/ s;n] slt 5f]8\g] /
sltdf ;Gt'i6 x'g] < of] k|Zg klg olt a]nf uDeL/ ag]/ xfd|f] ;dsfnLgtfleq
b]vfkl//x]sf] 5 . /fi6«k|lt ;f“lRrSs} lrlGtt x'g] xf] eg] cfh ;a}n] …cfjZos
TofuÚ ug'{kg]{ vf“rf] 5 . t/ s] k'/fgf] ;Qf To:tf] Tofu ug{ tTk/ xf]nf
< clxn]sf] lrGtfsf] ljifo oxL xf] . slj k"0f{lj/fd klg oxL lrGtf
u5{g\ / ;Qfsf] :yflkt / kl/lrt :jefjsf sf/0f pgL To;k|lt z+sf klg JoQm u5{g\ .
;+;f/el/s} Oltxf;nfO{ x]bf{ k|ltudgsf/L÷oyfl:yltjfbL ;Qfn] jftf{k|s/0fdf kl/jt{gsfdL
zlQmnfO{ if8o+qsf tfgfafgf /rL 3ft u/]sf pbfx/0fx¿ klg kof{Kt 5g\ . To;}n]
oxf" slj k"0f{ lj/fdn] o:tf] lrGtf / z+sf JoQm ug'{ k6Ss} c:jfefljs
b]lv+b}g . pgsf] cg'ejdf /Tgfs/
afNdLls aGg' jf l;4fy{ uf}td a'4 aGg' jf l;4fy{nfO{ a'4 agfpg' Tolt ;xh / ;/n
5}g . To;}n] pgL eG5g\ M
cfdf 5sfn cufl8 l;4fy{ hGdfpg' eof] eg] klg
p;nfO{ a'4 agfpg lgs} si6 em]Ng' kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5
hfnGw/n] l;4fy{ hGd] klg
To;nfO{ a'4 x'g glbg] if8o+qsf]
Vffsf t}of/ u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f a'lemPsf] 5
l;4fy{ a'4 eP/ b]zel/ ljr/0f gu?~h]n;Dd
cfdf
:tflngnfO{ lal;{lbg] sfd gug'{ xf]nf
-pxL_
sljn]
oxf“ ;Da4 kIfnfO{ k"jL{o k'/fsyfTds ;Gbe{sf] ;xof]u lnP/ ;r]t u/fPsf 5g\
/ Pp6f ;+j]bgzLn / zfZjt ;Tosf] pb\3f6g ug]{ sfd u/]sf 5g\ . /Tgfs/nfO{
afNdLls agfpg' / l;4fy{nfO{ a'4 agfpg' ;f“lRrs} ;xh 5}g . To; k|lqmofdf
s'g} hfnGw/ lgl:sg ;S5 / p;n] l;4fy{nfO{ a'4 aGg glbg] dfq xf]Og, a'4 agfpg]
cfsfª\Iff /fVg] / /fv]/ To; k|lqmofdf ;+nUg ePsf] hgkIfLo zlQmnfO{ g} klg 3ft
u/L Iflt k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ;+efjgf /xG5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ o'4lj/fd eO;s]kl5 klg ljb|f]xL
jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{nufotsf g]tfdfly cbfntdf ;/sf/L kIfaf6
d'2f bfo/ ul/g'n] k|:6 kfb}{g / < slj k"0f{ lj/fd k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] o;} rl/qk|lt
lrlGtt / uDeL/ 5g\ .
slj
k"0f{lj/fd ;dsfnLgtfk|lt tLj| ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;+j]bgzLn slj x'g\ . xfd|f]
;dsfnLgtfleq 36]sf / 36\g] 36gfk|lt tTsfn} ;+j]bgzLn eO{ 3f]lTng' / cfºgf] ;/f]sf/
JoQm ug'{ pgsf] cfºg} klxrfg xf] . oxL klxrfg k|s6 ub}{ pgL …cleefjsHo"Ú
zLif{ssf] csf]{ sljtfdf klg o'4lj/fdkl5 l;lh{t ;dsfnLgtfk|lts} rf;f] / ;/f]sf/
JoQm u5{g\ . cl3Nnf] sljtfsL …cfdfÚ oxf“ …cleefjsHo"Ú ;Daf]wgåf/f
;Daf]lwt l5g\ . slj k'/fgf] ;Qf;"u jftf{–k|lqmofdf ;+nUg x'guO/x]sf
hgklª\Qmsf gfos–k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ;r]t u/fp“b} o:tf] lrGtf / rfxgf JoQm u5{g\
M
cfhfbsf] xTof/fn] km]l/ cf]xf]bfsf] ;f]kfg r9\g' x'Gg
/ c;gaf6 n3fl/Psf ;f“9]x¿n]
km]l/ xfd|f vk{gx¿dfly wfjf af]Ng] sfd ug'{ x'Gg
=== ====
=== ==== ===
clxn] h:t} km]l/ s'g} OR5's lx/f;tleq dfl/g' x'Gg
/ k'N6L
af]s]/ uf]/vfdf lx+l8/x]sL sdnfsf] nf;
b/f}+bLsf]
lsgf/df a]jfl/;] agfP/ kmflng' x'Gg
Ps hgf Gofosf kIfkftL sljnfO{ o:tf] lrGtf x'g' :jfefljs 5 – jftf{kl5
lg:sg] lgsf;df cfhfb jf OR5'sh:t} s'g} Gofosf] kIfkftL of]4fn] lx/f;tleq}
cdfgjLo oftgfsf sf/0f d[To' j/0f ug'{ kg]{ lgolt sfod} /xnf ls g/xnf <
jf:tjdf ca lg:sg] lgsf;df slj k"0f{ lj/fdn] eg]em}+ / ck]Iff u/]em}+ sdnf
h:tL GofosL kIfkftL 5f]/Lsf] nf; b/f}+bLdf kmflng' kg]{ jf OR5'sh:tf hgslj lx/f;tleq}
dfl/g' kg]{ cj:yf /xg} x'"b}g . k"0f{ lj/fdn] ck]Iff u/]em}+
el/;Ss] ælx/f;t eGg] zAb zAbsf]zaf6} x6fpg' k5{Æ. en} k"0f{ lj/fdsf] o;
ck]IffnfO{ lg/k]If ¿kdf lng g;lsPnf t/ clxn]sf] kL8fbfoL ;dsfnLgtfdf pleP/ x]bf{
o; ck]Iffleq lglxt cdfgjLo oftgfs[Tolj/f]wL sljsf] pGd'lQmr]tnfO{ Xboª\ud ug'{
rflx+ cfjZos 5 . ca klg lbnaxfb'/ /Dt]nsf] lgolt bf]xf]l/g] / …;dLIffsf
cf"vfdf cf";'sf] af0fu+uf alu/xg]Ú lgolt sfod /xg] xf] eg]] kl/jt{gsf]
;fy{stf 68\sfl/g ;Qm}g . ca klg vf/fnfO{ v/fgL agfpg] / e]/Ls0f{fnLnfO{
clgsfnn] yNofpg] lgolt /xg' x'"b}g eGg] ck]Iff oyfy{jfbL sljn] /fVg' p;sf]
;dsfnLgtfk|ltsf] ;+j]bgzLntfsf] kl/rfos xf] .
oyfy{jfbL b[li6r]tf sljsf] of] ck]Iff Gofok|]dL cfd g]kfnLsf] ck]Iff /
cfsfª\Iff xf] . of] xfd|f] ;dsfnLgtfsf] ;+j]bgzLn ;Gbe{ xf] . Gofosf
kIfkftL k|To]s oyfy{jfbL sljn] o; ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ cfºgf sljtfdf JoQm ug'{ :jfefljs
5 . jftf{ o'4s} csf]{ df]rf{ xf] / o;df klg df]rf{dfem}+ hLtxf/sf] ;Defjgf
/xG5 eg] To;nfO{ hLtdf cyjf egf}+ hgtfsf Jofks lxtdf To;nfO{ Pp6f uGtJodf k'¥ofpg
ljz]if snf / hfu?stfsf] cfjZostf klg kb{5 . k"0f{ lj/fdsf sljtfdf oxL
hfu?stfsf] ;'Gb/ snfTds cleJolQm ePsf] 5 . o; df]rf{df ;+nUg x'"bf
cfOkg{ ;Sg] vt/f, if8o+q / hfnem]n;“u h'Wg' kg]{ / x/38L pTkLl8t hgtfsf] ljzfn
klª\Qm / ltgn] ef]u]sf si6–sx/nfO{ ;lDem/xg' kg]{ cfjZostf g} clxn]sf] dxTjk"0f{
/ ;+j]bgzLn ;dsfnLg ;Gbe{ xf] . o;k|ltsf] ;/f]sf/n] k"0f{ lj/fd,
O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnLnufotsf sljtfdf h;/L ;'Gb/ cleJolQm k|fKt u/]sf] 5 To;af6 clxn]sf]
k|ultjfbL sljtfn] cfkm"nfO{ cu|ufdL lbzfdf pEofO/x]sf] tYo klg k|dfl0ft
ePsf] 5 .
hgo'4sf] ;ft
jif{ / klZrd g]kfnsf] uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf;
k|efs/
…cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/f ju{sf] cleGg cu+sf x}l;otn] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf
;fj{ef}d l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ju{–;+3if{ / b'O{–nfOg ;+3if{sf aLraf6 kf6L{sf]
g]kfnL qmflGtsf] sfo{lbzf lglZrt u¥of}+ . g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljrf/
lgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf of] klxnf] dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw lyof] . ;f]xL sfo{lbzfsf]
lgb]{zgdf gof“ hgjfbL, ;dfhjfbL / ;f+:s[lts qmflGtx? x'“b} ;fDojfb;Dd k'Ug]
dxfg\ p2]Zo / k|lta4tfsf ;fy @)%@ kmfNu'0f ! ut]b]lv g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df gof“
o'usf] ;"qkft;lxt hgo'4sf] P]ltxfl;s kxn ul/of] . kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf
of] P]ltxfl;s kxn cfkm}df dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] /Iff / k|of]u tyf
g]kfnL qmflGtdf ljlzi6 lgodx?sf] pb\3f6gsf] lbzfdf csf]{ u'0ffTds km8\sf] lyof] .Ú
–s=k|r08 -dxfg\ cu|ufdL 5nf¨af6_
dxfg\ qmflGtsf/L dfS;{, n]lgg, dfcf]n] ug'{ePsf] ju{–;+3if{sf cg'ejx?sf]
;+Zn]if0f g} dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf ?kdf ;j{xf/f juL{o l;4fGtsf] ?kdf
ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . k]l/; sDo"gb]lvsf P]ltxfl;s kl/36gfx? x'“b} ?;L
cS6'a/ qmflGt / rLlgof“ hgjfbL qmflGtsf] Oltxf; u'0ffTds ?kn] ljsl;t x'g'sf] ;§f
;+zf]wgjfbdf ktg x'g'n] ;fu'l/+b} uPsf] ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf dfn]dfjfbsf] /IFf
/ k|of]usf] cleef/f k"/f ub}{ cWoIF sd/]8 k|r08n] eGg' ePem}+ g]kfnL
hgo'4sf ;ft jif{x? qmflGtsf df}lns / ;fj{ef}d lgodx?sf] ljsf;df Pp6f u'0ffTds
km8\sf] x'g k'u]sf 5g . …cfGbf]ng ;a}yf]s xf], nIo s]xL xf]OgÚ eGg]
ag{l:6gLo dfGotf, zflGtk"0f{ ;x–cl:tTjsf] v|'Zrf]eL gf/f, ju{–;+3if{nfO{
c:jLsf/ ub}{ pTkfbg ;+3if{sf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] nLp / t]¨ :ofcf] km]ª x'“b}
g]kfnL e"lddf Pdfn]åf/f ax'bnLo hgjfbsf ?kdf ul/Psf] ;}4flGts ljs[tLs/0f /
e|i6Ls/0f lj?4 g]kfnL hgo'4sf ;ft jif{ qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ lgdf{0fsf b[li6n] dfq
geO{ ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 o'4sf b[li6n] klg gof“ Oltxf; alg;s]sf 5g\ . of]
Oltxf;n] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] gof“ ljZj b[li6sf]0f lgdf{0f
u/]sf] dfq geO{ @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf ;j{xf/f juL{o ;Qf lgdf{0f / kl/rfngsf IF]qdf ;d]t
u'0ffTds km8\sf] xfg]sf] 5 . s=cWoIfsf] egfOcg';f/ ;ft jif{sf] cjlw Pp6f
b]zsf] Oltxf;sf b[li6n] 5f]+6f] g} dflgg] ub{5 . t/, ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf]
;f“7uf“7df cfwfl/t k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf lj?4 hgljb|f]x, Tofu / alnbfgLsf
b[li6n] ;ft jif{sf] of] cf“wLt'kmfgn] el/Psf] cjlw g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df ;of}+
jif{;Ddsf nflu clj:d/0fLo alg;s]sf] 5 .
csf]{ zAbdf eGg'kbf{ ;j{xf/f ju{n] cfºgf] uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf;sf
lzIffx?;lxt ;fdflhs qmflGtsf gjLgtd ljz]iftfx?nfO{ a'em\g / ;f] cg'?ksf /0fgLlt
/ sfo{gLltsf cfwf/df cufl8 a9\b} cfºgf] ju{nfO{ ljho agfpg] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf]
gof“ cleofgsf ?kdf g]kfnL qmflGt ljsl;t eO/x]sf] 5 . ljZjnfO{ gof“
:t/af6 w|'jLs[t ub}{ cfGbf]ng / ;Qf ;+rfngsf ljlzi6 gof“ ljlwx?sf ;fy
;fd|fHojfblj?4sf] ;j{xf/f juL{o o'4sf] ;kmntfk"j{s g]t[Tj ug]{ cleef/f
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] dfu{ lgb]{zgdf g]kfnL qmflGtsf] sf“wdf cfPsf] 5 .
pQm cleef/f k"/f ug]{ qmddf klZrd g]kfnn] v8f u/]sf ;sf/fTds
r'gf}tLx?sf] oxf“ rrf{ ul/“b}5 . hgo'4sf ;ft jif{df ;+3if{sf] ;+rfng,
;+u7g lgdf{0f / hgkl/rfng, ;Qf lgdf{0f ;d]tn] klZrd sdfgsf] l:ylt s:tf] /x\of]
eGg] af/] k|:t't ug]{ k|of; oxf“ ul/Psf] 5 . gof“ o'usf] ;"qkft ug]{
dxfg\ cleofgn] ju{–;+3if{sf] Pp6f pRr cg'ej;d]t xfl;n ub}{ cfPsf] klZrd
g]kfnnfO{ u'0ffTds :t/df kl/jt{g u¥of] . hgo'4sf] yfngLsf] r/0fd} xhf/f}+
hgtfsf] k|ToIf ;xeflutfdf xhf/f}+ sfjf{xLx? ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg x'g'n] hgtfsf]
nflu gof“ ljZjf; dfq k}bf ePg ls l;+uf] kf6L{ k+lQmnfO{ o'4 ;+rfngsf nflu y'k|}
dxTjk"0f{ lzIFfx? k|fKt eP . /f]Nkf, ?s'd, hfh/sf]6df s]Gb|laGb' agfP/
z'? ul/Psf 5fkfdf/ sfjf{xLx? ;Nofg, bfª, sfnLsf]6;Dd pRr :t/af6 ;DkGg x'g uP .
b]zJofkL wSsfsf] ?kdf b]zdf ;~rfng ul/Psf] hgljb|f]xsf] ;"qkftn] l;+uf]
b]znfO{ emSemSofof] . hgtfdf qmflGtk|ltsf] ljZjf; clej[l4 u/fPsf] ;Gbe{;+u}
of]hgfa4 9+un] 5fkfdf/ o'4sf] ljsf; u/f}+ eGg] bf]>f] of]hgfsf] gf/fnfO{
cfTd;ft ub}{ 5fkfdf/ sfjf{xLx?sf] lj:tf/ eof] . ;]af]6]hsf xhf/f}+
sfjf{xLsf ;fy kmf}hL sfjf{xLx?sf b[li6n] klZrd Pskl5 csf]{ pRrtfdf cleJoQm ePsf]
5 . 3'DnLjf¨af6 ;'? ePsf k|fylds r/0fsf PDa';x? sf]n, lgD/L x'“b} cufl8
a9] . lemDk]b]lv ;'? ePsf] pRr kmf}hL sfjf{xLsf] k|lqmof /f/fnL+, /fdk'/,
ts;]/f, sf]6af8f, krsl6of x'“b} 8f]Nkf;Dd ljsl;t eP . cem hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
ljsf; / a[l4;+u} hgo'4sf kl5Nnf of]hgfx?df bfªsf] P]ltxfl;s ljho, sk'/sf]6,
/ftfdf6]sf eL8Gt, d+un;]gsf] csf]{ p“rfO, nDsL, ln:g], ufd / ;ltkf]n], bdfrf}/;Ddsf
Jofks cleofgfTds sfjf{xLx?, c3f{vf“rLsf] P]ltxfl;s ljho / h'Dnfsf] pRr ;kmntf,
bfª, s}nfnL, alb{of cflbsf dfOlgª PDa';x?, s~rgk'/, kf]v/f, g]kfnu~hsf ;fxl;s
sdf08f] sfjf{xLx? cflb g} klZrd If]qdf jL/tf, alnbfgL / ;f}o{k"0f{ o'4
Oltxf;sf uf}/jk"0f{ >[+vnfx? x'g\ .
hg;+3if{ / hgkl/rfngsf b[li6n] klZrd IF]q hgo'4sf] yfngL k"j{ /
yfngL / To;sf] lg/Gt/tfsf ;a} ;+3if{x?df hg;xeflutfsf] pNn]vgLo dxTj /x]sf] 5 .
b'Zdgsf lsnf];]/f cleofg, h+un ;r{ cflb bdg cleofgsf afjh'b hgtfn] sxL+ st} klg
cfTd;dk{0f / sfo/tfsf] af6f] /f]h]gg\, a? ;+3if{ / alnbfgsf] af6f] /f]h] .
y'k|} 7fp“df ;fd"lxs xTofsf08 a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] s'/f :ki6 g} 5 . )$^ ;fnb]lv
7"N7"nf hgk|bz{gsf cEof; ul/;s]sf hg;d'bfon] b'Zdgsf 3]/faGbLx?sf]
a]jf:tf ub}{ o; aLrdf 7"N7"nf hgk|bz{gx?df ;l/s eO{ hgtf lagfsf] hgo'4
eGg]x?nfO{ /fd|} emfk6 lbPsf 5g\ . dxfg\ cu|ufdL 5nf¨sf] of]hgf / ºo"hgsf]
sfo{lbzfsf cfwf/df klZrd g]kfnsf u|fdL0f Onfsfsf hgk|bz{gnfO{ kf6L{sf] ljz]if
of]hgfsf ;fy t/fO{ / zx/L Onfsfx?df lj:tf/ ul/of] . gof“ 9+usf] ls;fg
cfGbf]ngåf/f zxl/of ;+3if{sf] Pp6f ?kdf nfvf}+ hgk|bz{g klZrdsf ;Dk"0f{ t/fO{
efudf ;DkGg dfq ePgg\, xhf/f}+ laufxf hUuf sAhf u/L ljt/0f;Dd ul/Psf] tYo :k:6 5 .
oxf“;Dd cfO{k'Ubf kf6L{ s]Gb|sf hg;+3if{sf ;a} of]hgfx?df k|lt/f]wfTds hgkl/rfngåf/f
klZrdn] cfºgf] nIo xfl;n u/]sf] 5 .
;Qf lgdf{0fsf b[li6n]
bf]>f] of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogb]lv g} l/Qm :yfgLo ;QfnfO{ kf6L{sf] t];|f]
of]hgfb]lv ;+o'Qm hg;ldltsf] gfddf hgtfn] cfºgf] ;QF cfkm} ;+rfng ug]{
P]ltxfl;s k|lqmofsf] ;'? eof] . cfwf/Onfsf lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf;+u} /f]Nkf, ?s'd,
hfh/sf]6, ;Nofgsf] cfwf/Onfsf lgdf{0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf] lyof] . oxf“;Dd
cfOk'Ubf bfr{'nfb]lv sfnLsf]6;Dd, h'Dnfb]lv b}n]v x'“b} 8f]Nkf;Dd, ?s'db]lv
afUn'¨, DofUbL;Dd :ofª\hf x'“b} kfNkf / uf]/vf;Dd, cfwf/Onfsfsf] lj:tf/ /
ljsf; ePsf] 5 . clwsf+z efux?df hgtfåf/f lgjf{lrt ;Qfx? Jojl:yt?kdf ;+rfng
ul/Psf 5g\ . cfTd–lg0f{osf] clwsf/nfO{ l;4fGttM :jLsf/ ub{} hftLo, If]qLo
:jfoQ–zf;g cEof; ug{] qmddf ;]d, e]s, ljz]if If]qdf ;+rflnt du/f“t, yf?jfg
hftLo :jzfl;t IF]qLo ;Qfx? g} d'Vo?kn] klZrd sdfgcGtu{tsf gof“ ;Qfx? x'g\ .
;Dk"0f{ cfwf/Onfsfx?df hftLo, juL{o, If]qLo, ln¨Lo k|ltlglwsf ;fy ;]gfsf
k|ltlglw;lxtsf ;/sf/x? lgjf{lrt eO{ kl/rflnt 5g\ .
;]gf lgdf{0fsf b[li6n] hgo'4 yfngL k"j{ n8fs" bn, ;'/IFf bn, :jo+
;]js bn kl/rfng eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df bf]>f] of]hgfaf6 lgoldt 5fkfdf/ :Sjfo8
lgdf{0f ul/P . bf]>f] / t];|f] of]hgf cjlwe/df Jofks lj:tf/kZrft rf}yf]
of]hgfdf d'Vo zlQm, ;xfos zlQm / cfwf/e"t zlQmsf] :k:6 kl/efiff;lxt
Knf6'gx?sf] lgdf{0f ul/Ptf klg tTsfnLg ;+3if{sf b[li6n] STFsf] lgdf{0fkZrft
;+3if{sf] ;kmntfsf] pRrtf;+u} k'gM rf/ kL=Pn=x? u7g ul/P . ;+3if{sf]
cfjZostfcg';f/ sDkgL, a6flnog x'“b} la|u]8;Ddsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f eO{ kl/rflnt
ePsf] 5 . xfn;Dd cfOk'Ubf k|To]s IF]qdf la|u]8 :t/sf] kmf];{ a6flnog /
sDkgLx?df kl/rflnt 5g\ . d'Vo s'/f nfvf}+ hgtfsf] aLrdf xhf/f}+ ldlnl;of /
;of}+ Knf6'gx? bh{gf}+ sDkgLsf ;fy} a6flnogx? x'“b} la|u]8;Ddsf] kmd]{zgdf lk/fld8
cfsf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ . o'4lj/fd k"j{sf] of]hgf;Dd cfOk'Ubf
kmf}hLs[t gd"gf ufp“x?, cfd ?kdf hgtfnfO{ kmf}hL tflnd / k|lzIf0f ul/Psf]
5 . xhf/f}+ hgldlnlzofx? ufp“ufp“df pTkfbg sfo{df ;l/s 5g\ .
h=j=;=x?sf] l:yltaf/] hgo'4 yfngL k"j{b]lv g} ;+ul7t hg;+u7gx?
hgo'4sf] ljsf; k|lqmofdf cem Jofks / Jojl:yt x'“b} nfvf}+sf] ;+Vofdf kl/rflnt
5g\ . qmflGtsf] l/ha{ kmf];{sf] ?kdf ljsl;t ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx? k|To]s 6f]n /
ljBfnox?df s[ofzLn 5g\ . To;}u/L cfGbf]ngsf] ;a}eGbf e/kbf]{ zlQm dlxnf
ju{sf] cfGbf]ngdf ;xeflutfsf] b[li6n] dfq geO{ kf6L{ / qmflGtk|ltsf] OdfGbfl/tf
lgi7fefjsf b[li6n] klg pRr of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L, ;a}eGbf pTkLl8t blnt
;d'bfo cToGt pT;fxsf ;fy ;+ul7t eO{ cfGbf]ngdf ;l/s 5 . lzIFs a'l4hLjL
;+u7gx? Jofks?kdf s[ofzLn 5g\ . cfGbf]ngdf o; If]qaf6 dxTjk"0f{ :t/df
;xeflutf ePsf] 5 . hgo'4 k"j{b]lv g} ljleGg lhNnfx?df lgld{t eO{
cleofgfTds ?kdf kf6L{ /fhgLltnfO{ hgtf;Dd k'¥ofpg] dxTjk"0f{ sfd ;f+:s[lts
l6dx?n] ub}{ cfPsf lyP . hgo'4 yfngLkZrft ;f“:s[lts snfsdL{x?n] cfºgf
k|:t'tLx?nfO{ o'4d'vL agfO{ hgtfdf hfg] sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . xfn;Dd
cfOk'Ubf ;F“:s[lts 6Ld ;f+:s[lts ;]gfsf] ?kdf ?kfGtl/t eO{ ;f“:s[lts sDkgL /
a6flnog :t/df kl/rflnt 5g\ . t/fO{ IF]qsf cflbjf;L yf? ;d'bfox? yf?jfg
d'lQm df]rf{df uf]naGb eO{ s~rgk'/b]lv slknj:t';Dd b'Zdgsf xhf/f}+ 3]/faGbL /
g/;+xf/nfO{ r'gf}tL lb+b} nl8/x]5g\ . du/f“t df]rf{n] hgo'4sf] ljsf;
k|s[ofdf cfºgf] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/ k"/f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L,
s]Gb|Lo ;Qfaf6 pTkLl8t e]/L–s0ff{nL / ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf hgtf If]qLo
d'lQmdf]rf{df cfa4 eO{ ;+3if{zLn ePsf 5g\ . o;/L nfvf}+sf] ;+Vofdf ;+ul7t
hgk+lQm kf6L{sf] s'g}klg cfb]zdf kl/rfng x'“b} k|ToIF o'4df ;xefuL eO/x]sf 5g\ .
kf6L{ ;+u7g dxfsfnLb]lv gf/fo0fL;Ddsf ;a} e"–efux?df lgld{t / kl/rflnt
5 . ufp“–ufp“df k|ToIf o'4sf] g]t[Tj ub}{ ;Qf, ;]gf / hg;+u7gx?sf]
PsLs[t kl/rfngx?df h'6]sf] 5 . k|r08kysf] ;+u7gfTds l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df gof“
ljrf/ cg'?ksf] gof“ ;+u7gfTds dfGotfcg';f/ lgld{t / ljsl;t 5 . s]Gb|Ls[t
sdfg cGtu{t ljs]lGb|t kl/rfngsf] k|r08kyLo dfGotfsf cfwf/df kf6L{ ;+u7g kl/rflnt
5g\ . ;]nb]lv sdfg;Ddsf] lk/fld8 cfsf/df hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] n]lggjfbL
dfGotfsf cfwf/df sld6Lx? ;s[o 5g\ . nfn / lgk'0fsf] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{
nfnnfO{ lgk'0f / lgk'0fnfO{ nfndf abNg] ;}4flGts Jofjxfl/s k|lzIF0fx? ;+rfng ul/Psf
5g\ . ljk/Ltx?sf] PsTjsf] ?kdf /xg] kf6L{ ;+u7gx? Pstf–;+3if{–?kfGt/0fsf]
cGt/;+3if{sf] ljlwåf/f lqmofzLn 5g\ .
hgo'4 k"j{b]lv g} ;'? ePsf] alnbfgsf] Oltxf;nfO{ lg/Gt/ lb+b}
hgo'4sf] yfngL otf kf6L{ g]t[Tj, ;}Go sdf08/ / of]4fx?, hg;+u7g / df]rf{sf sd/]8x?sf
;fy hgtfsf] 7"nf] ;+Vofn] jL/tfk"0f{ alnbfgL u/]sf 5g\ . ls;fgx?,
snfsf/x?, ;}Go ;+u7gsf of]4fx? / hgtfsf] 7"N7"nf] ;fd"lxs
xTofsf08;d]t Joxf]/]sf] 5 klZrdn] . b'Zdgsf] ;fd" gem'Sg] / clGtd;Dd
jL/tfk"0f{ alnbfgL k|fKt ug]{ P]ltxfl;s k4ltsf] oxf“ ljsf; ePsf] 5 .
;fdfGo ls;fgn] ;d]t …t“ sf] xf];\ <Ú eGbf …d dfcf]jfbL x'“Ú eGb}
uf]nL yfk]sf Oltxf;x? oxf“ 5g\ . g]t[Tjn] klg d kf6L{sf] g]tf x'“,
lxDdt eP 5ftLdf uf]nL xfg\ eGb} axfb'/Lk"0f{ uh{gsf ;fy alnbfgL ug]{ ;+:sf/
oxf“ 5 . oxf“;Dd cfOk'Ubf kf6L{ kf]nL6Ao"/f] ;b:o sd/]8 ;'/]z
jfUn]b]lv y'k|} IF]qLoAo"/f] ;b:ox?, ;}Go sdf08/x? hg;+u7gsf g]tfb]lv
hgtf;d]t s/La # xhf/sf] jL/tfk"0f{ alnbfgLåf/f /Qm/l~ht 5 klZrd sdfg .
klZrd sdfgsf] ;ft jif{sf] ;/;tL{ t:jL/ dflysf ljifox?df lv+lrP klg of] ;fdfGo
kl/ro dfq xf] . Pp6f ;fgf] n]vdf o;nfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg ug{ vf]Hg' Tof]
sNkgf dfq x'g ;S5 lsgls klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdfgsf o'4sf uf}/jk"0f{ ufyf g]kfnL
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf nflu dfq geP/ l;+uf] ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf nflu P]ltxfl;s
dxTjsf lzIffx? x'g\ . oL lzIFfx?sf] Jojl:yt ;+Zn]if0f cfkm}df Pp6f cfGbf]ng
aGg'kb{5 . dfq oxf“ s]xL lzIffx?sf] af/]df /fVg' kbf{ klxnf] s'/f
qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzfsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf; ;a}eGbf k|d'v ljifo xf] . ;xL
sfo{lbzfsf] cfwf/df lgld{t kf6L{ of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /f]Nkf, ?s'dnufot
klZrdsf] e"uf]nsf] 5gf}6 s'g} Pp6f ;+of]u dfq geP/ k|r08kysf] j}1flgs
b[li6sf]0f / b'/blz{tfsf] cleJolQm xf] .
klZrd sdfgdf cfGbf]ngn] tLj| / Jofks ;kmntfx? xfl;n ug{sf k5fl8sf sf/0fx?dWo]
kf6L{ g]t[Tjb]lv hgtf;Dd dfS;{jfb–n]lgjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kynfO{ Ps?ktfdf a'£g',
tnb]lv dfly;Dd ;f+]Rg] ljlwdf Ps?ktf k}bf x'g', qmflGtsf lgodx?nfO{ ultzLn /
ljsf;zLn cy{df a'£g', kl/l:yltsf] j}1flgs d"Nof+sgsf ;fy l;h{gzLn 9+un]
of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogdf g]t[Tjsf] Ifdtf, s]Gb|Lo of]hgfsf] dd{ /
p2]ZonfO{ st} klg gvNaNofO{ :yfgLo ljz]iftf;+u uf“:g] r]tgf cflb k|d'v /x]sf
5g\ . g]t[Tjsf] xf]8afhL eGbf sfdsf] sfo{;kmntfsf] :j:Yo k|lt:kwf{,
g]t[Tjdf dxTjfsf+Iff geO{ qmflGtsf/L OdfGbf/Lsf ;fy cfºgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f
ug]{ ;j{xf/f juL{o ;f]+r cflb ;kmntfsf cfwf/x? x'g\ . kf6L{ sfo{lbzfnfO{
cfd hgk+lQm;Dd k'¥ofpg] hgtfsf OR5f / rfxgfx?nfO{ of]hgfdf ;d]6\g] k|r08kyLo
dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ftLs/0f ug'{ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf /x]sf] 5 .
/fhg}lts?kdf ;'wf/jfb lj?4sf] ;+3if{df l;+uf] k+lQmdf k}bf x'g] Pstf
qmflGtsf/L ;[hgfnfO{ cfTd;ftLs/0f / ?9Ljfb;+usf] ;DaGw ljR5]b, u"6jfb,
km"6jfb lj?4 qmflGtsf/L Pstfdf uf]naGb x'g] ;+:sf/ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf
xf] . /fli6«o– cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltaf/]sf] ;xL a'emfO{, /fhgLltsf] s]Gb|
ufp“nfO{ agfpg] cflb k|Zgsf] 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 . ;f+u7lgs ?kdf
;+u7gnfO{ ljrf/ / of]hgfsf] ef}lts zlQmsf] ?kdf a'£g] cWoIf s=k|r08n] eGg' eP
em}+ hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ tyf cfd hgtfnfO{ /fHo;Qfsf] dflns aGg] clwsf/ ;DkGg
t'Nofpg' afx]s ;j{xf/f ju{sf] /fhgLlts kf6L{ Pj+ To;sf] g]t[Tjsf] cGtu{tsf s'g}
klg ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfsf] csf]{ p2]Zo x'g} ;Sb}gnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ Jofks ;f+u7lgs
;+/rgfx? dfq lgdf{0f ePgg\ ls cWoIfn] eGg' eP em}+ o; ljifonfO{ ;}4flGts :ki6tf
/ lgotsf] kljqtfsf] ?kdf dfq ga'emL hgtfnfO{ ;fdflhs / /fhg}lts hLjgsf] dflns
alg/xgsf nflu lg/Gt/ qmflGt / j}rfl/s ;+3if{sf ;fy} /fHo;Qfsf ;a} c+ux?nfO{ cfd
hgtfsf] lgoGq0f / lgu/fgLdf /fVg] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfsf] o:tf] ef}lts kl/j]z agfpg
hf]8 ug'{kb{5 h;af6 :jfyL{ cj;/jfbL tTjx?n] 6fpsf] p7fpg gkfpg\nfO{ Jojxf/tM nfu"
ul/Psf] 5 .
;+3if{sf b[li6n] wSsf, qmde+u, 5nf¨ Pj+ dxflakQLsf] k|r08kyLo bfz{lgs dfGotf ;+3if{sf IF]qdf cleJoQm ug{ ;Sg' klZrdsf] csf]{ ljz]iftf xf] . If]qLo ;Gt'ng sfod ub}{ b'Zdgsf x/ of]hgfx?nfO{ Tof] eGbf dflyaf6 qm; ub}{ b'ZdgnfO{ of]hgfljxLg agfpg' g} ;+3if{sf] IF]qdf ;kmntfsf] dxTjk"0f{ s8L /x]sf] 5 . x/ ;+3if{df kf6L{, ;]gf, df]rf{ Pj+ hgtfsf] PsLs[t kl/rfngsf ;fy ;+3if{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg', pkNnf] :t/sf] g]t[Tjn] lkmN8d} k|ToIf sdfg ug'{ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf /x]sf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ sfjf{xLx?n] /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o /fhgLltdf k|ToIf x:tIF]k ug{ ;Sg' klZrdsf ;+3if{sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] .
klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdfg hgo'4sf] ;ft jif{df ljrf/, /fhgLlt, ;+u7g / ;+3if{sf]
pRr / ;d'Rr cleJolQm g} kf6L{sf] ;du| zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] cleJolQmsf] d"n cfwf/
xf] . o;/L ;du| nIf k|flKtsf b[li6n] xf];\, rfx] kf6L{ b'O{–nfO{g
;+3if{df b]lvPsf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf b[li6n] xf];\, rfx] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf
kxnsbdL lng] s'/fdf xf];\, klZrd sdfgsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x“b}
cfPsf] 5 . oL ;kmntfx? /fli6«o dfq geO{ cGt/f{li6«o dxTjsf x'g'n] klg s]
s'/f :k:6 ub{5 eg] oL ;kmntfx? xfl;n ug{df klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdfgsf] g]t[Tj,
sfo{stf{ Pj+ hgtfsf] 7"nf] Tofu, tk:of / alnbfgsf] kIF dfq geP/ d'Vo s'/f
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] j}rfl/s cfnf]sdf kf6L{ x]8Sjf6{/sf] k|ToIF lgb]{zg,
s]Gb|Lo /fhgLlts x:tIf]knufot cGo sdfgx?df eP–u/]sf sfd sfjf{xLx?n] k'¥ofPsf]
dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u lagf oL ;kmntfx? ;+ej x'“b}g lyP . cem cufl8 uP/
eGg' kbf{ l;+uf] kf6L{ k+lQm hgk+lQmsf ;fy cGt/f{li6«o hgtfsf] rf;f] / ;xof]u
g} ;kmntfsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ kIF xf] eGg] s'/f la;{g ldNb}g . klZrd
sdfgn] oL pknlAwx?sf] /Iffy{ k|r08kysf lgb]{zgdf k|ltqmflGtsf lj?4sf] qmflGtnfO{
lg/Gt/ / u'0ffTds ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ cfºgf] sfo{ef/nfO{ ge'Nb} cfkm"k|lt
lgd{d eP/ hfg] s'/fsf] dxTjaf]w ug}{ kb{5 . cGTodf, qmflGt dg]{ / xfdL
af“Rg] geO{ cfkm" d/]/ qmflGt arfpg] s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug'{k5{ eGg] cWoIf
s=k|r08sf] egfOsf] dd{af]w u/f}+ †
r}q
rf}aL; M hgd'lQm cfGbf]ngdf hgljb|f]xsf] af6f]
– lrqaxfb'/ >]i7
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df )$^ ;fn r}q @$ ut]n] cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ :yfg cf]u6]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf cfd"n kl/jt{g rfxg] qmflGtsf/L zlQm Pjd\ Gofo, ;dfgtf, :jtGqtf rfxg] cfd d'lQmsfdL hg;d'bfon] r}q @$ nfO{ P]ltxfl;s hgljb|f]xsf] lbgsf ?kdf ljleGg pT;j / sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfkm\gf] qmflGtsf/L k/Dk/fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] aLrdf r}q @$ cfpg ca yf]/} lbg dfq af“sL 5, of] 5f]6f] n]vdfkm{t\ r}q @$ sf] P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] af/]df :d/0f ug]{ sf]l;; ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnL hgtfn] cfkm\gf] ;'Gb/ wtL{df dfG5] eO{ af““Rgsf nflu ;lbof}+b]lv
;fdGtL k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfn] nfb]sf] cGofo, cTofrf/, zf]if0f, bdg, xTof,
n"6, anfTsf/, e|i6frf/sf] lj?4df ;+3if{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . rfx] Tof]
lg/ª\s'z hxflgof cTofrf/L /f0ff zf;gsf] lj?4df xf];\ rfx] To;kl5sf kmfl;i6
tfgfzfxLx?sf zf;gsf lj?4df xf];\ cfkm\gf] k|f0fsf] cfx''lt lb+b} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
;+3if{s} qmd / k[i7e"lddf ;fdGtL k~rfotL zf;gJoj:yfn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{
nfb]sf tdfd k|sf/sf cGofo, cTofrf/sf] lj?4df g]kfnsf qmflGtsf/L zlQm Pjd\ ljleGg
/fhg}lts kf6L{x?, ;+3–;+:yfx?n] cf–cfkm\gf dfu / p2]Zox? k|flKtsf nflu
;+3if{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf lyP . o;} l;nl;nfdf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] )$^ ;fn kmfu'g ^
af6 k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] cGTo / ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] :yfkgfsf] nflu ;+3if{sf] 3f]if0ff
u¥of], g]skf -dfn]_ nufotsf & jfd kf6L{x? g]kfnL sf+u|];n] p7fPsf] gf/fdf
;xdlt hgfp“b} sfo{ut Pstf u/L ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf hfg] lg0f{o u/] . tTsfnLg
g]=s=kf=-dzfn_nufotsf cGo qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x? g]=sf= / & jfdn]
/fv]sf dfu / gf/fx?df ;xdlt x'g ;s]gg\ t/ pgLx?n] rnfPsf] k~rfotL Joj:yflj?4sf]
;+3if{df P]Soa4tf hgfP / cnu–cnu cl:tTjdf /x]sf % qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?sf
aLrdf sfo{ut Pstf u/L …;+o'Qm /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ngÚ sf] lgdf{0f u/] .
;+o'Qm /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg ;ldltn] kmfl;i6 k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] cGt u/L
k"0f{ k|hftGq k|flKtsf nflu cfkm\gf 5'§} dfu, gf/f / p2]Zo lglZrt u/L
cfkm\gf] :jtGq klxrfg / kxndf cfGbf]ng ;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u/] . g]=sf= /
& jfdn] cfkm\g} k|sf/sf] cfGbf]ng ;~rfng u/]sf lyP eg] ;+o'Qm /fli6«o
hgcfGbf]ngn] ;+3if{sf] ltlyldltsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fof] .
;+3if{n] tLa|tf ln+b} uof] / b]zJofkL?kdf km}lnof] . hgtfsf] ;+3if{n]
cQflnPsf] ;fdGtL, lg/+s'z kmfl;i6 /fHoJoj:yf eLif0f bdgdf plqof] . b]zJofkL
qm"/ xTof, w/ks8, lu/km\tf/L ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf x'g k'Uof] . cBlk
hgljb|f]xsf] /f“sf] ylk+b} uof] . cfGbf]ngnfO{ emg} ;zQm / 3gLe"t
agfpg] p2]Zon] ;+o'Qm /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ngn] )$^ r}q @$ ut] g]kfn aGbsf] 3f]if0ff
u¥of] . aGb 3f]if0ffsf] lbg hlt glhls+b} lyof] aGb c;kmn agfpg
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf bdgdf plq/x]sf] lyof] eg] aGb cfof]hs zlQm / cfd
hgtf 3f]lift g]kfn aGbnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ hLjg–d/0fsf] ;fy h'l6/x]sf lyP .
b]zJofkL?kdf krf{, kf]:6/, leQ]n]vg, t'n, em08f, sf]0f;ef, dzfn h'n';, bf}8
h'n'; cflbåf/f k|rf/ eO/x]sf] lyof] . ;f“lRrs} b]z k"/} /ft}
l;+ufl/Psf] lyof] .
r}q @$ ut]sf] lbg b]z k"/} 7Kk lyof] . oftfoftsf s'g} ;fwg
rn]sf b]lv+b}gy] . ;/sf/L sfof{no, :s"n, sn]h aGb lyP .
snsf/vfgf, pBf]uwGbf, ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]x, hgtfsf b}lgs sfdsfh /f]lsPsf lyP .
laxfg ;a]/}af6 ufp“–ufp“af6 hgtf xftdf Jofg/, em08f, Kn]sf8{x? af]sL
gf/fx? nufp“b} kª\lQma4 h'n'; k|bz{g ul//x]sf lyP . h'n'; lhNnf
;b/d'sfddf PsLs[t x'g cufl8 al9/x]sf] lyof] . hgtf pGd'Qm lyP .
;lbof}+b]lv s}b d'¶Lx? bldt clwsf/x? v'nf ;8sdf :j/df u'~hfodfg lyP .
cfkm\gf] d'Vo b'Zdgsf] gfd ls6]/} b]z 5f]8\g'kg]{ dfu ul//x]sf lyP .
e|i6frf/L, b]zb|f]xL / hgxTof/fx?nfO{ kmf“;Lsf] ;hfo“sf] gf/f nufOPsf] lyof] .
h'n'; / ;ef b]zel/ g} lyof] cBlk cfGbf]ngsf] s]Gb|ljGb' /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+ aGg
k'Uof] . pkTosfleqsf ;a} lhNnfx? / ;a} zx/x?df r}q @# ut] ;f“emb]lv g}
;fdGtL k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfsf tkm{af6 skm\o'{ cfb]z hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] .
3/ aflx/ lg:sg] hf]–sf]xL hgtfnfO{ uf]nL 7f]Sg] 7f8f] cfb]z 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]
lyof] . x/]s rf]s, uNnLx?df k'ln;–;]gf t}gfy ul/Psf] lyof] .
jftfj/0f lgs} eolet t'NofOPsf] lyof] . k'ln;–k|zf;gsf] of] /j}ofn] hgtf
Hofb} cfqmf]lzt alg/x]sf lyP . skm\o'{ cfb]zsf] s'g} kjf{x gu/L pNnª\3g
ub}{ r}q @$ ut] pHofnf] x'gf;fy hgtf cf–cfkm\gf] 3/sf] 9f]sf aGb u/L ;8sdf
hDdf x'g] qmd ;'? eof] . zx/sf x/]s 6f]n, uNnL, rf]sx?df vrfvr eL8
b]lvGYof] . s] a'9fa'9L, s] o'jfo'jtL, s] afns k|To]s gful/ssf] xftdf
Kn]sf8{, em08f, Jofg/sf ;fy gf/f–h'n';, s]0f;ef cflb ;'? x'g] qmd cufl8 a9\of] .
u0ftGq g]kfn lhGbfjfb, ;fdGtL /fhtGq d"bf{jfb, zfxLtGq d'bf{jfb =====,
xTof/f kmf“;L b] cflb h:tf uuge]bL gf/fn] cQflng k'u]sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL
/fHo;Qfsf e/f}6] k'ln;–;]gfx?n] b]zJofkL?kdf lgb{oL bdg ;'? u/] . k'ln;,
k|zf;g / hgtfsf aLrdf 7"nf7"nf d"7e]8sf 36gfx? b]z}el/ eP .
xTof, 3fOt], lu/km\tf/Lsf ;dfrf/x?sf] cf]O/f] nfUg yfNof] . hgtf kmfl;i6
bdgsf] kjf{x gu/L k|lt/f]w ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] qmd hf/L g} /x\of] eg] sf7df8f}+
pkTosfsf tLgj6} lhNnfsf x/]s zx/, rf]s, 6f]n, uNnLx?df 7"nf–7"nf
le8Gtx? eP . rf/}lt/ sf]nfxn dlRrof] . k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfn]
cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ zlQm nufO{ bdg ubf{ klg hgljb|f]xsf] cfuf]sf] Hjfnf dTy/
x'g'sf] ;§f emg} bgbgL blGsg k'Uof] . 7fp“–7fp“df k'ln;–k|zf;g
hgtfsf] 3]/f kl//x]sf lyP . xltof/ vf];L lgz:q kfl/Psf] lyof] . k'ln;
kf]i6x? cfuf] nufO{ v/fgL kfl/Psf] lyof] . sltko k'ln; rf}sLx? hgtfsf]
sAhfdf k/] . zx/x? Ps–Ps u/L d'Qm ePsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] .
hgtfsf] hgljb|f]x cem cufl8 a9\g] qmddf nfvf}+ nfvsf] ;+Vofdf hg;d'bfox?
sf7df8f}+ 6'“l8v]ndf PsLs[t eO{ ljzfn hg;efdf kl/0ft x'gk'Uof] . hg;efn]
;fdGtL k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' /fhwfgL sAhf ug]{ lg0f{o ub}{
cfkm\gf] clGtd p2]Zosf ;fy /fhb/af/ 3]/fp ug{ ljleGg uuge]bL gf/fsf ;fy cufl8
a9\of] . hgtf ;fdGtL k|tLssf ?kdf :yflkt ul/Psf zflnsx? 3gn] eTsfp“b}
b/af/tkm{ cufl8 a9\b} ubf{ ;fdGtL lg/ª\s'z b/af/ / o;sf gfOs]x? g]kfnL jL/
hgtfsf] Tof] ljzfn hgljb|f]xaf6 lgs} eolet aGg k'Uof] . cfkm\gf bnfn
xhf/f}+ ;]gfx?nfO{ hgljb|f]xnfO{ bdg ug{sf lgldQ clGtd cfb]z lbof] .
nfvf}+nfv hgtfsf] Tof] eLdsfo eL8df oL ;]gfn] PSsf;L d]lzgug rnfof] . s]xL
If0fdf g} bh{gf}+ Gofok|]dL hgtfsf] nfzsf] y'k|f] nfUg k'Uof] eg] ;8sdf /utsf]
cfxfn hDdf eof] . xhf/f}+ o'jfo'jtLx?n] cfkm\gf] d'Vo b'Zdgsf e/f}6] ;]gfsf
lj?4 n8\gsf nflu aGb'ssf] dfu ul//x]sf lyP . t/ pgLx?sf xftdf aGb's lbg
;Sg] ljsNk zlQm lyPg . vfln xft ePsf hgtfn] b'Zdgsf] bdgsf] k|lt/f]w ub}{
cfkm\gf] clGtd p2]Zo k"/f ug{ ;Dej gePkl5 kl5 x6\g afWo x'g'k¥of] .
cBlk aGb's ePsf] b'Zdg;“u n8\gsf nflu aGb's g} rflxg] xhf/f}+ r]tgzLn
o'jfju{nfO{ cdL6 5fk eg] /fd|};“u kg{ uof] . tTsfn ;+3if{sf] d}bfgaf6 kl5
x6\g k/] tfklg hgtfsf] hgljb|f]xsf] /f“sf] eg] ;lNs g} /x\of] . kl5Nnf]
lbg r}q @% ut] /fhwfgLnufot b]zJofkL?kdf ;fdGtL k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfsf]
qm"/ bdg / kfzljs xTofsf] lj?4df cfGbf]ng ;'? eof] . cfkm\gf] clGtd
zlQm nufp“bf klg hgljb|f]x g/f]lsPkl5 b]zL–ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx?sf]
lgb]{zg / slyt cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf g]sf / jfddf]rf{;“u leqL?kdf ;f“7uf“7
ub}{ r}q @^ ut] /flt !! ah] k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qf Ps sbd k5fl8 x6\b} ;+j}wflgs
/fhtGq;lxtsf] ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ afWo eof] . Tof] ;Demf}tfn]
cfkm"nfO{ wf]sf ePsf] 7x/ t hgtfn] u¥of] t/ cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg
;Sg] l:ylt /x]g . csf]{ r}q @$ ut] kv{g' kg]{ kl/l:ylt k}bf eof] .
@)$^ ;fn r}q @$ ut]kl5 klg
g]kfnL hgtfsf aLrdf w]/} r}q @$ ut] cfpg]hfg] u/]sf] 5 . )$^ r}q @$ n]
lbPsf] ;Gb]z, b]vfPsf] af6f], /fv]sf] hgck]Iff, nIo / p2]Zo eg] :jfledfgL g]kfnL
hgtfsf] dg–dl:tisdf tfh} /x]sf] 5 . dxfg\ ;k't jL/ zxLbx?n] b]vfPsf]
af6f] / cw'/f] ;kgf eg] k"/f x'g af“sL g} 5 . ca b]zdf Tof] l:ylt
k}bf eO;s]sf] 5 . hgck]Iff cg';f/sf] hgljb|f]xsf] tof/L ub}{ cufl8 a9\g'
d'n'ssf qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] k|d'v bfloTj x'g cfPsf] 5 . To;f] u/]/ dfq} )$^ r}q
@$ ut] jL/ zxLbx?n] aufPsf] /ut, hgtfn] ;8sdf cleJoQm u/]sf] efjgf, dd{ /
p2]ZonfO{ 7Ls9+un] cfTd;ft\ ub}{ Oltxf;n] lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f u/]sf]
7xg]{5 .
n]v]s} cfwf/df ef]Ug'k/]sf kL8f
– bLk]Gb| /f]sfof
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;dfrf/ s] xf] / j:t'ut / oyfy{ ;dfrf/ s;n], sxf“ /
s'g ;~rf/dfWoddf n]v]sf 5g\ < eGg] s'/f kf7sx? g} cNdlng] cj:yf 5 . o;f]
x'g'sf] Pp6} sf/0f 5, ju{ljeflht ;dfhdf kqsfl/tf klg ju{ljeflht 5 .
;"Id cWofkgdf nfu]kl5 kqsf/x? w]/}y/Lsf b]lvg ;S5g\ t/ d"ntM b]lvg]
b'O{ y/Lsf 5g\ . Psy/Ln] hgtfsf] ;]jf ub{5g\, pgLx?n] yfxf kfPsf]
;"rgf hgtfsf] ;fd'df ;fj{hlgs u5{g\ . cfkm\gf] wf/0ffnfO{ cfdwf/0ffdf
?kfGt/0f u/fpg] ub{5g\ . jf:tjdf hgtfsf nflu sfd u5'{ eGg]x?n] a'Gg]
if8\oGqsf] lr/kmf/ o;} ju{sf kqsf/x?n] u/]sf x'G5g\ . of] ju{sf kqsf/x?n]
ljleGg sl7gtf / hf]lvdtf;“u kf}+7]hf]/L v]Nb} cfkm\gf] kqsfl/tfsf] ofqf hf/L
/fv]sf x'G5g\ . cfkm\gf] :jfy{ eg]s} u/LaLn] ;tfOPsfx?sf] /f]un] u|:t
ePsfx?sf] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf cfjfhljxLgx?sf] cfjfh p7fOlbg'x'G5 . h;n] ubf{
cfkm\gf] clwsf/nfO{ a'em\g / ;dfh ljsf; xf];\ . csf{y/Lsf kqsf/x?n] lg/+s'z
zf;sx?sf] ;]jf ub{5g\ . logLx? ef}lts ;'v–;on / df]hdHhfdf s]jn zf;sx?sf]
xNnf km}nfpg] sfd ub{5g\ . v'/fkmftL xNnfsf] v]tL g} of] ju{sf kqsf/x?sf]
l;h{gf x'G5 eGbf km/s gknf{ .
;dfrf/
eg]sf] hgtf xf] . hgtfsf] nflu n]lvg] ;dfrf/ skf]nslNkt / k/fTdf slxNo} x'g
;Qm}g . To;}n] g]kfnsf hgkIfLo kqsf/x?n] hgtf / hgtfsf] dfgjclwsf/ dWoo'uLg
aa{/tfdf lat]sf] syf n]Vg' s'g} ck/fw lyPg . dWoo'uLg ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfsf]
kvf{n g9fnL s;}sf] klg :jtGqtf ;Dej 5}g . o;y{ hgtfsf kIfdf k|lta4 snd
;dfTg] kqsf/x?nfO{ ax'bnLo khftGqsf jfbzfxx?n] jL/Kkg z}nLdf ckx/0f, r/d oftgf,
a]kQf, xTof / h]nsf lr;f l5+8Lx?df t8\kfpg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . :jtGqtfsf]
cfGbf]ngnfO{ slyt k|hftGqs} xTs]nfn] 5]Sg] k|of; u/] . oxf“ hgkIfLo
kqsf/x?n] vf]h]sf] :jtGqtf gf¨f] / ljs[t lyPg . kf/bzL{
lg0f{o–k|lqmofnfO{ ;/n, ;Ifd / e/kbf]{ agfpg cfjZos ;"rgfsf] dfu dfq
ul/Psf] lyof] . ToxL dfu g} ;/sf/sf] gh/df ck/fw aGof] hgkIfLo kqsf/x?
cft+ssf/Lsf b:tfj]h n]vs b]lvP . s:tf] k|hftGq s:tf zf;s †
ljb|f]xL
dfcf]jfbLåf/f bfª, :ofª\hf / ;f]n' cfqmd0fkl5 ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{
cft+ssf/L 3f]if0ff ug'{eGbf s]xL 306fcl3b]lv kqsf/x?nfO{ jL/Kkg z}nLdf ckx/0f,
r/d oftgf, a]kQf, xTof / h]n rnfg cleofg yfn]sf] lyof] . cfjZos
;"rgfsf] cefjn] /fHoåf/f b]vfOPsf] :j]R5frfl/tfsf] tYofª\s PsLg ePsf] 5}g .
/, ! ;o c;L eGbf a9L kqsf/x? of] aLrdf lu/km\tf/ u¥of], pltnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf
g]tf jf sfo{stf{ ePsf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/fpg vf]Hof] . oBlk, of] k|of;
;/sf/sf] d'vdf klxnf] uf“;d} 9'ª\uf nfu] ;/x eof] .
g]kfndf
kqsf/x?sf lglDt ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] h]n ag]sf] tYo l/kf]6{;{ ljbfp6\;
af]8{;\sf dxf;lrj /a6{ d]gf8{n] olts} u/]sf lyPgg\ . h;s]f k|df0f 5–
hgfb]z ;fKtflxs, hglbzf b}lgs, lbzfaf]w dfl;s, ;'v]{t kf]i6 ;fKtflxs, hgpef/
;fKtflxs, r'/] ;Gb]z ;fKtflxs, :jfledfg ;fKtflxs, gof“ ljsNk dfl;s, g]jf/Ldf
lemu' :jMlgu -xfd|f] pkTosf_nufotsf ;~rf/dfWoddf sfo{/t ;Dkfbs–k|sfzsb]lv
kqsf/, k|];df d'7f] kfg]{ sd{rf/L;DdsfnfO{ vf]hL / lu/km\tf/ ul/of] . /,
eg]/–n]v]/ ;fWo gnfUg] oftgfsf csNkgLo :j?k b]vfP/ ;f; dfq af“sL /fvL h]n k'¥ofOPsf]
Psflt/ lyof] eg] csf{lt/ ;Dk"0f{ ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ ;~rf/dGqLåf/f d+l;/ !#
ut] Pp6f pbL{ hf/L ul/of] . h;df !# a'“bfdf k|sfzg–k|;f/0f ug{ gx'g] /
# a'“bfdf k|sfzg–k|;f/0f ug{ x'g] atfOPkl5 snddfly nufpg] clGtd xTs8L nufof] .
ha
hglbzf b}lgssf rlr{t ;Dkfbs s[i0f ;]gnfO{ lu/km\tf/kl5 k|x/L lx/f;tdf r/d
oftgfn] t8\kfO{–t8\kfO{ xTof ul/of] /, ;/sf/L 5fgjLg cfof]udfkm{t\ lu/km\tf/}
gu/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ul/of] To;kl5 emfkfsf kqsf/ 8L= sf}l8Go, l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf
s~rg lk|obzL{, tgx'“sf sdn P=;L=, ;'v]{tsf rGb|axfb'/ a'9f, l;Gw'nLsf s'df/
l3ld/], /fd]5fksf /fhs'df/ s]=;L=nfO{ sAhfdf lnP/ slyt d'7e]8sf] gfddf xTof
ul/Psf] 5 . kqsf/x?sf] xTof l;nl;nf ;ª\s6sfnkl5 ePsf] eg] xf]Og, hltv]/
h'Dnfsf hgfb]z ;Djfbbftf k[YjL /fjt dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{sf] cf/f]kdf tftf]kfgL
Pl/ofdf xTof ul/P To;sf] nuQ} sf7df8f}+af6 hgfb]zsf k"j{ k|aGw ;Dkfbs ldng
g]kfnL lu/km\tf/kl5 a]kQf kfl/P . of] a"9L d/L eGg] lrGtf lyPg sfn
kNSof] eg]/ lrGtf lng'kg]{ a]nf lyof] . of] l;nl;nf slxn];Dd / sxf“ uP/
cGTo xf]nf < of] k|Zgdf kqsf/ dxf;+3 g} uDeL/ eP/ 7f]; d'2fdf ;/sf/sf lj?4
pleg'kb{5 . /, of] l;nl;nfsf] cGTo u/fpg'kb{5 .
kqsfl/tf
If]qn] ;w}+ lqmoflzntfsf] rfxgf /fVb5 . kl/jt{g, ljsf; / zflGt . o;y{
kqsfl/tf ubf{ nfu]sf] xTs8L / snddfly nfu]sf] xTs8L r'“8fNg sndsf l;kfxLx? Ps
x'g h?/L 5 . snd hLljt /fVg clwsf/ dfuf}+, clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ snd rnfcf}+ .
jftf{
6f]nLdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] s'/f
sNkgf
wdnf
g]kfnL wtL{df ljut ;ft jif{b]lv ;+rflnt hgo'4sf qmddf :yflkt pbLodfg /fHo;Qf
/ ljBdfg k'/fgf] ;+s6u|:t /fHo;QfaLr sfod x'g k'u]sf] /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] cj:yf /
b]zsf] ljlzi6 e"/fhg}lts l:yltn] l;h{gf u/]sf] /fli6«o ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{
dWogh/ ub{} b'j} kIfaf6 o'4lj/fdsf] ;xdlt / cfrf/;+lxtfsf] 3f]if0ff kZrft\
dfcf]jfbL kIfsf jftf{ 6f]nL ;fj{hlgs ul/Pkl5 clxn] l;+uf] d'n's jftf{do ePsf] 5 .
hgtfn] olta]nf o'uf}+b]lvsf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] juL{o, ln+uLo, hftLo, If]qLo
zf]if0f– pTkL8g lj?4 gof“ cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] ck]Iff ul//x]sf 5g\ .
j:t'ut oyfy{sf] uDeL/tfnfO{ af]w u/L zflGtk"0f{ jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 cu|ufdL /fhg}lts
lgsf; vf]Hg] k|lta4tf / k|of;n] cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ pT;flxt agfPsf] 5 .
zflGtk"0f{ 9+un] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg] kxnsf] b]zleq / aflx/af6 ;d]t
Jofks ?kdf :jfut ul/Psf] 5 . jftf{ k|lqmofdfly ljleGg /fhg}lts bn,
;+3–;+:yf / ljleGg JolQmTjx?n] cf–cfºgf] 9+un] ljZn]if0f ul//x]sf 5g\ .
o;} k|;+udf cfwflx:;f cf]u6]sf ;Qf / ;dfhaf6 cToGt} pTkLl8t dlxnf ju{sf] xsdf
s]lGb|t /x]/ p7]sf] jftf{df dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] k|ZgnfO{ oxf“ phfu/ ug'{ ;fGble{s
x'g]5 .
ljut ;ft jif{b]lv ;+rflnt hgo'4df dlxnfx?sf] jL/tf / alnbfgn] kf6L{nfO{
k'/fgf] ;Qf;“u zlQm–;Gt'ngsf] cj:yfdf NofOk'¥ofpg dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 . cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] kIFdf
h'emf?, ;fx;L, b[9 / n8fs' dlxnfx?sf] 7"nf] zlQm cfGbf]ngdf x'“bfx'“b}
klg jftf{ 6f]nLdf dlxnfx?nfO{ lsg ;xeflu u/fOPg eg]/ k|Zg p7\g' :jfefljs xf] .
xfdL To;sf] ;x|fgf klg ub{5f}+ . o'4sf qmddf k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfaf6 xhf/f}+
dlxnf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{sf] xTof, ;of}+ aGbL, ;of}+ a]kQf / ;of}+nfO{ anfTsf/ ul/P .
olta]nf /fxt, k'g{:yfkgf / ;'wf/sf ljifox?df rsf{] cfjfh pl7/x]sf] 5 . t/
xTof/f, anfTsf/Lx?nfO{ sfjf{xL u/, a]kQfx?sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs u/L ;Dk"0f{
aGbLx? l/xf u/ eGg] h:tf s'/fx?df s;}n] d'v vf]Ng ;ls/x]sf 5}gg / ;f“Rr} eGg]
xf] eg] sltkon] t af]Ng klg rfx]sf 5}gg\ . jftf{ 6f]nLdf dlxnf ;xeflutf lsg
u/fOPg eGg' eGbf klxn] c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL cWoIf tyf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sL
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /]vf zdf{nfO{ tTsfn l/xf lsg ul/Pg eGg] k|Zg p7]sf] eP slt ;fGble{s
x'g] lyof] xf]nf < jf:tljs s'/f s] xf] eg] clxn] b]z / hgtfn] ck]Iff u/]sf]
cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; s;/L lgsfNg ;lsG5 eGg] lrGtf eGbf klg ;'wf/sf,
k'g{:yfkgfsf s'/f u/]/ ef}lts pkl:yltnfO{ dfq cfwf/ dfGb} /fhg}lts d'2fnfO{
uf}0f 7fg]/ dlxnfx?nfO{ s] ug{] < blntx?nfO{ s] ug{] < hghfltnfO{ s] ug{]
h:tf tklznsf ljifox?df ?dlnP/ oyfl:yltjfbs} uf]nrSs/df hfgL–ghfgL kml;/x]sf
5g\ . hfgL hfgL km;]sfx?nfO{ To; uf]naf6 dfly p7fpg] / ghfg]sfx?nfO{ ;r]t
u/fpg xfdL cToGt} uDeL/ ag]sf 5f}+ . d'VotM jftf{ gof“ / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
aLrdf x'g nflu/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;a}n] a'‰g h?/L x'G5 . g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ pTkLl8t ju{, ln+u, hflt / If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] kf6L{ ePsf]n]
dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf lagfsf] 6]andf dlxnfsf d'2fx? p7fOb}g ls < dlxnfx?nfO{
k5fl8 kfg{ vf]lhPsf] xf] ls < eGg] z+sf pkz+sf ul//xg' cfjZos b]lvb}g .
oxL jftf{s} 6]anaf6 dlxnfx?sf] xslxtsf ;fy} ;'wf/, k'g{:yfkgf / dlxnf clwsf/sf]
;+/If0f ug{] s'/f a'‰of}+ eg] ;a} hflt, ln+u / If]qsf] ef}lts pkl:yltsf]
cfjZostf v8\lsG5 g} . t/ jftf{sf] 6]an eg]sf] /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]lhg] 7fp“
ePsf]n] ln+uLo, hftLo, If]qLo 5'§f5'§} k|ltlglwx?sf] hDa' jftf{ 6f]nL aGg'k5{
eg]/ ?dlng'sf] ;§f juL{o d'lQmlagf s'g} klg ln+uLo, hftLo, If]qLo d'lQm ;Dej
x'g g;Sg] j}1flgs ;TonfO{ a'em]/ juL{o zf]if0fsf] d"n d'2fnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb'df
/fVb} cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] kxndf ;a} tx / tKsfn] ax;nfO{ s]lGb|t ug{' g}
pko'Qm xf]nf .
o'4n] ubf{ b'Mv, si6 eof], oxf“ eof] Toxf“ eof], o'4 /f]lsg' k5{,
zflGt x'g'k5{ ;a}n] eGg] ub{5 . jf:tjdf Tof] rfxgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{'k5{ t/
zflGts} lglDt o'4 e}/fv]sf] s'/f klg a'‰g'k5{ . df3 !% ut] gof“ / k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] aLrdf o'4lj/fd eof] . dfcf]jfbL / k'/fgf] ;QfkIf aLr @@ a'“b] cfrf/;+lxtfdf
;xdlt ePsf] 5 . ;QfkIf h;n] clxn]sf] sfg"gnfO{ ;j]{;jf{ 7fGb5 pm cfkm}
sfg"gnfO{ nTofP/ pNn+3g ul//x]5 . jftf{ ug{ ;fj{hlgs ePsf] dfcf]jfbL
jftf{ 6f]nLdfly o'4lj/fd ePkl5 k'/fgf] ;QfkIfåf/f d'2f nufOPsf] 5, b]zel/ w/ks8
hf/L 5 . jftf{ 6f]nL ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lbg sf7df8f}+sf ;8sx?df w]/} r]s
kf]i6x? v8f ul/Psf lyP . ef]lnkN6} ef/taf6 cTofw'lgs n8fs' hxfh leq\ofOPsf]
atfOG5 . k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . aGbL
l/xfOsf] k|lqmofdf uO/x]sf] 5}g . o:tf] sfo{n] ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] hgefjgfnfO{
;Ddfg ug{ g;s]sf] / jftf{k|lt uDeL/ gag]sf] k'li6 ub{5 . o'4n] kf/]sf] c;/nfO{
Pp6f dfq cf“vfn] x]g{] eGbf klg o'4 ug{ afWo s:n] kf¥of] < / To;sf] ;dfwfg
s] x'g ;S5 < o'4n] kf/]sf] c;/sf] sf/0f, cfd hg;d'bfodf phfuf/ u/]sf] /fhg}lts
r]tgf, kl/jt{gk|ltsf] lgi7f / clwsf/sf] lglDt ljb|f]xefjsf] ;Ddfg ub{} hgtfn]
rfx]sf] cu|ufdL kl/jt{gk|lt ;a} ;r]t x'g'kb{5 . jftf{ 6f]nLdf dlxnf ;xeflutf
5 5}g eGg] k|Zg d'Vo xf]Og ls < tfTsflng lx;fan] b]zsf] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts
lgsf;sf] nflu clxn]sf] j:t'ut cj:yfn] l;lh{t u/]sf] tLgj6f s'/f uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efn] g} cfd zf]lift pTkLl8t dlxnfx?sf] ;d]t clwsf/
;+/If0f ug{ ;Sg] ePsf] x'“bf log} d'2fx?nfO{ ;kmntfdf k'¥ofpg' cfhsf]
cfjZostf xf] .
gf/fo0f zdf{
lqm:6f]km/
sf]nDa;n] cd]l/sf kQf nufPsf lyP . tTsflng ljZj hgdfg;af6 w]/} 6f9f /x]sf]
Ps 6fk' cfh ljZj hgdfg;nfO{ g} cfºgf] sAhfdf lng] w[i6tf b]vfO/x]sf] 5 .
euf}8f o'/f]lkogx?åf/f cfjfb ePsf] lgh{g e"ld o;/L e"uf]nnfO{ g}
d's'08f] agfpg] o'4kf]tx?sf] cf>o:yndf s;/L kl/0ft eof] egL cfh ;a}nfO{
rf;f]sf] ljifo alg;s]sf] 5 . ljZj hgdtsf] () k|ltzt hgtf cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbL gLltsf] lj?4 b]lvPsf 5g\ . ?;f], ef]Nt]o/, dG6]:So" cflb
ljrf/sx?sf] af}l4s k|efj ePsf] e"ld / cfa|fxd ln+sg h:tf] :jtGqtf ;]gfgL
hGd]sf] 7fp“df Toxf“sf zf;s u'6x?sf] dxTjsf+Iffsf] gfOs] a'z klg hGdg] 5g\
eGg] s;}n] klg ;f]r]sf lyPgg xf]nf . t/ dxfg\ n]lggn] k"“hLjfbL /fHo
k|0ffnLsf] clGtd dxTjsf+Iff ;fd|fHojfb xf] eGb} cfºgf] cleJolQmdf o;/L eGg'
ePsf] 5– æ;fd|fHojfb k"“hLjfbsf] d/0ff;Gg cj:yf xf] .Æ jf:tjdf
cd]l/sf cfkm"nfO{ k"“hLjfbL /fHok|0ffnL, k"“hLjfbL cy{tGq /
;+:s[ltsf] gd"gf dfq ge} k"“hLjfbL hgjfbsf] dl;xf ;DemG5 .
p;sf] clwg / lgb{]zgdf rNg] h:t} tfgfzfxnfO{ klg nf]stflGqs 3f]lift ub{5 .
k|mfG;df
Ps k6s n'O rf}wf}+n] /fHosf] kl/efiff lb+bf Iam the State, Stateis I eg]sf lyP . ;fdGtL
zf;s n'O rf}wf}+sf gfltsf] kfnfdf g} k|mfG;]nL hgtfn] /fHosf] jf:tljs kl/efiff
lbP/ 5f]8] . hf] k|mfG;sf] /fHo qmflGt egL Oltxf;df rlr{t 5 . o;/L
;fdGtjfbsf lvnfkm ePsf] hgljb|f]xn] k"“hLjfbsf] :yfkgf u¥of] . t/
sfnfGt/df k"“hLjfbsf] r/d zf]if0fsf sf/0f Toxf“sf dhb"/x?n] csf{]
ljb|f]x u/] hf] k]l/; sDo'gsf] gfdn] Oltxf;df c+lst 5 . eGg'sf] tfTko{ s]
xf] eg] s'g} klg j:t' kl/jt{gzLn 5, To;}u/L ;+;f/sf /fHoJoj:yf klg ;doqmdn] :jtM
kl/jt{g x'G5g\ . lxhf] ;fdGtjfbsf] lvnfkmdf wfjf af]Nbf k"“hLjfb
k|ultzLn lyof] ha k"“hLjfb cfºgf] cl:tTj arfpg cfºgf] ;Qfsf]
e/0fkf]if0f ug{ g;sL ljZj cy{tGqdf bVvn ug{ yfNb5 ta p;sf] rl/q ;fd|fHojfbdf
kl/0ft x'G5 . o;/L !%) jif{ cufl8 k|ultzLn 7flgPsf] /fHoJoj:yf sfnfGt/df
;fd|fHojfbdf kl/0ft x'“bf ;a}eGbf k|ltlqmofjfbdf kl/0ft x'G5 eGg' clt;of]lQm
x'“b}g . cd]l/sfn] klg oxL oyfy{nfO{ rl/tfy{ ul//x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfn]
hlt g} r'l/km'l/ u/] tfklg k|fs[lts >f]tdf pm w]/} ul/a 5 . p;n] cfºgf]
e"ldaf6 cfjZos k]6«f]lnodsf] !& k|ltzt klg kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;Sb}g .
h;sf] sf/0f pm k|fs[lts ;fwg >f]t ePsf d'n'sdf cfºgf] sAhf hdfp“b} cfºgf]
e/0fkf]if0f ug{ rfxG5 . kmn:j?k p;n] cfºg} :jfy{sf lglDt ljleGg :yfgdf
g/;+xf/sf/L o'4 yf]kb{{} cfPsf] 5 . h;/L cfh Ps c~h'nL t]nsf] lglDt O/fsL
hgtfsf] 5ftLdf k/]8 v]Nb} ;of}+÷xhf/f}+ c~h'nL /ut lkpg] b':sfo{ cd]l/sL /
a[l6z ;]gfx?åf/f eO/x]sf] 5 . lgxTyf O/fsL hgtfnfO{ dfb{} O/fsL ;]gf olt
dfl/P plt dfl/P eGb} 6f]gL An]o/ / 8An' a'; ljZjnfO{ d'v{ / nf6f] agfp“b}5g\ .
O/fsL hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}lds clwsf/dfly a'; / An]o/sf ;+o'Qm hNnfbx?n] anfTsf/
ul//x]sf 5g\ . s}of}+ lgbf{]if, lgxTyf / caf]w afnaflnsfx?nfO{ lhpb} v/fgL
agfO/x]sf 5g\ . O/fsL cfsfz w'jf“ / s'lx/f]n] 9flsPsf] 5 . hghLjg 8/
/ qf;n] 56kl6Psf] 5 .
bf];|f]
ljZjo'4tfsf cd]l/sfn] lnu ckm g]zgsf] dfGotfnfO{ pNn+3g ub{} lx/f]l;df /
gfuf;fsLdf k/df0f' ad k|xf/ u/L g/;+xf/ u¥of] hxf“ xfn;Dd klg 3f“; ;d]t
pd|g ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L ut ztfAbLdf g} leotgfd, sf]l/of / O08f]g]lzofdf
/utn] g'xfPsf] Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . To;}u/L Oh/fOnL k|ltlqmofjfbLx?nfO{ a'O
r9fP/ cflbjf;L k]ln:tfgLx?sf] cl:tTj g} gfd]6 kfg{] rqmJo"x v8f u¥of] hf]
cfh;Dd klg s'g} ;dfwfgdf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L kfls:tfgL zf;s /
HofpnxsnfO{ pkmf/]/ h'NkmLs/ cnL e'§f]sf] xTof ug{];Ddsf] if8\oGq dfq xf]Og ls
hxf“ hxf“ hftLo juL{o cfGbf]ngx? p7]sf 5g\ tL cfGbf]ngnfO{ lbue|ldt / tx;gx;
kfg{' cd]l/sL zf;s u'6sf] kl/efiffdf k|hftGq 7x5{ . rLgsf ljZjljBfnosf
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ tfOjfg / dsfcf]b]lv ef8fsf gSsnL ljBfyL{ 3'';k}7 u/fO{ e8\sfpg' /
rLgsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLlts ;+/rgfnfO{ Wj:t kfg{] if8\oGq Psfkl§ ug{' / csf{]tkm{
t]gd]g rf]ssf] 36gfnfO{ a9fO r9fO k|;f/0f ug{]b]lv lnP/ lSni6 xgLsf] xTof
cflbsf] ljz]if0f ug{] xf] eg] cd]l/sL zf;s u'6x? cfºgf] :jfy{k"lt{sf nflu
h:tf;'s} xTs08f klg k|of]u ub{5g\ eGg] lgZsif{ lgsfNg Tolt ufx|f] kb{}g .
To;}u/L
blIf0f clk|msf, Nofl6g cd]l/sf / vf8L If]qdf cfºgf] k|efj lj:tf/ ug{ Toxf“sf
zf;s u'6x?;“u Psfkl§ u7hf]8 ug{' / csf{]tkm{ Toxf“ p7]sf Gofok"0f{
cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ e8\sfpg], lbUe|ldt t'Nofpg] b]lv lnP/ g;fn' kbfy{ / xft xltof/
vl/b ljlqmsf] sf/f]jf/ rnfpg' cd]l/sL zf;s u'6x?sf] p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] eGg] s'/f
s;}sf] gh/df l5k]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L leotgfd / sf]l/ofnfO{ ljefhg u/fpg'klg
pgLx?sf] 7"nf] :jfy{ /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L rLnL, k]?, lkmlnlkG; cflbdf
ePsf d'lQm cfGbf]ng bafpg cd]l/sfn] 7"nf] if8\oGq u/]sf] 5 . dflysf
l6Kk0fLx? cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf xs{tx? dWo]sf ;a}n] hfg] ;'g]s} dWo] x'g\ .
d'Vo s'/f] t ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ s;/L a'‰g] eGg] s'/f r}+ k|d'v xf] . o;}
cfn]vsf] dfly g} pNn]v ePsf] dxfg\ n]lggsf] jfSof+zåf/f g} s] k'li6 x'G5 eg] ha
ha k"“hLjfb cfºgf] cl:tTj /Iff ug{ ;St}g ta p;n] ;fd|fHojfbsf] rl/q
u|x0f ub{5 . xfd|} hgo'lQmdf eGg] ul/G5– ædg{] a]nfdf sldnfsf klg
Kjf“v cfp“5 .Æ jf:tjdf hLj lj1fgsf ljBfyL{x?n] sldnfsf] hLjgrqm j0f{g
ubf{ sldnfsf] Kjf“v knfpg'sf] /x:o /fd|f];“u atfpg ;St5g\ ls Kjf“v knfpg]
cj:yf eg]sf] sldnfsf] d/0ff;Gg cj:yf xf] . To:t} k"“hLjfb
e"d08nLs/0fsf] xf]8jfhLdf k|j]z ul/;s]kl5 p;n] cfºgf] c;nLot k|x;{g u/]sf]
5 . pm ljZj hgtfnfO{ cf–cfºgf] lsQfdf 3]/faGbL ug{ rfxG5 . ljZjsf
k"“hLjfbL /fi6«x? o'/f]k / cd]l/sf g} ljZj ahf/ sAhf ug{] d]/fy'gdf
bf}8g] qmddf g} ePsf] 36gfsf] ?kdf O/fsdflysf] cfqmd0f xf] eGbf klg cltzof]lQm
gxf]nf .
ha
o'/f]k]nL ;+3, rLg, ef/t / hfkfg cd]l/sL k"“hLjfbL u'6x?sf] r'gf}tLsf]
?kdf b]lvg yfn] ta cd]l/sfn] x/]s jxfgfdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] le6f] kfj/sf]
b'?kof]u ub{} ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ g} cfºgf] d'l7sf] dfvf] agfpg vf]Hof] .
xfn a';sf] kfnfb]lv dfq xf]Og /f]gN8 /]ugsf] kfnfb]lv g} cd]l/sL
k"“hLjfbL u'6x?n] g} ql;t x'“b} ax'/fli6«o lgudsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k
Pl;of, clk|msf / Nofl6g cd]l/sfsf] ;:tf] >d zf]if0f ug{] / wgf9\o aGg] ;kgf
b]lv/x]sf lyP . ;f]xL cg'?k pgLx?n] rLgdf ;d]t ax'/fli6«o sDkgL cGtu{t
y'k|} pBf]ux? ;~rfng ug{ tlD;P t/ kl/0ffd / pgLx?sf] wgf9\o aGg] ;kgfsf] d]n
vfPg . pN6f] rLgsf] pTkfbgn] cd]l/sL ahf/ 9flsof] . cd]l/sL pTkfbg
dx+uf eP t/ rLlgof pTkfbg w]/} ;:tf eP . h;n] ubf{ cd]l/sL pBf]ux? wdfwd
aGb eP . o;/L pN6f] kl/0ffd ef]Ug' k/]kl5 cd]l/sL k"“hLjfbL u'6x?
af}nfpg yfn] h;n] ubf{ s'g} g s'g} jxfgfdf s'j]t / O/fsdf ePsf t]nsf s'jf sAhf
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