/fh;åf/f cfh cGtlqm{of
sf7df8f}+÷t]>f]
r/0fsf] jftf{ klZrd g]kfndf hf/L /x“bf jftf{k|lqmof h;/L cufl8 a9\b}5 Tolt d}
hl6ntfx¿ klg ylk+b} uPsf 5g\ . cfdhgtfsf] rfxgf kl/jt{g ;lxtsf] zflGt ePklg
k'/fgf] ;Qfn] /fv]sf Ph]08fx¿n] cfdhgtfnfO{ lg/fzftkm{ ws]n]sf] 5 .
jftf{k|lqmof rln/x“bf sf7df8f}+df /x]sf a'l4hLlj bnx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf egfO{x¿
a'em\gsf] nflu / jftf{dfkm{t ;xL lgsf; lgsfNg k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ bafa lbg] p2]Zon]
/fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltn] t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{ / cu|ufdL lgsf; ljifos Ps
cGtlqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmd efb| @ ut] d+unaf/
lbp“;f] ! ah] g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;P;gsf] xn /fdzfxky -;jf]{Rr cbfn;“u}_ df x'g]
ePsf] 5 . h;df ;LkL d}gfnL, clds z]/rg, 8f= /fddf0f >]i7, 8f= dy'/f
>]i7, Zofd >]i7, z+s/ kf]v/]n, ;l/tf lu/L, g/xl/ cfrfo{ / 8f= ;'Gb/dl0f
lblIftnufotsf JolQmTjx¿ jQmfsf ?kdf /xg'x'g]5 .
jftf{ ;kmn agfpg hgbafa cleofg
l;Gw'nL÷
bf]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{kl5 k'/fgf] ;Qf kIfn] aftf{df ePsf] ;xdltnfO{ PstkmL{
¿kdf pNn+3g ub}{ uPkl5 / jftf{k|lt z+sf pkz+sf a9]/ uPkl5, l;+uf] b]z / hgtf
lrGtLt e}/x]sf] cj:yfdf k'/fgf] ;Qf kIfnfO{ hgbafaåf/f jftf{df ePsf] ;xdlt
sfof{Gjog u/fpg l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] ljleGg hftLo df]rf{x¿ / -dfcf]jfbL_ lgs6
hgjuL{o ;+u7gx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf dfemL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf,
t'nfaxfb'/ dfemLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ( ;b:oLo ;+o'Qm hg;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf]
5 . oxL qmddf >fj0f @$ ut] ;b/d'sfdaf6 ^ ls=dL= 6f8f klZrdL a]N6sf]
dl/0f vf]nfdf kg]{ sf“8L uf=h=;=df ;of}+sf] hg;xeflutfdf 3/]n' xltof/åf/f ;';HhLt,
ldnL6\of06 h'n'; k|bz{g ePsf] lyof] . pQm h'n';df, y'k|} lzIfsx¿, /fhg}lts
JolQmTjx¿ / ;of}+ :yfgLo hg;d'bfox¿n] efu lnPsf lyP . o;} qmddf s'z]Zj/
df=lj= b'Dhf, /ftfdf6f ahf/ zfGt]Zj/L /fdk'/ ahf/, ledvf]/Lsf] ebf}/]df ljzfn
hg;efx¿ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . pQm sfo{qmdx¿sf] lznl;nfdf >fj0f !& ut]
s'n]Zj/ df=lj= sf] ;DaGw ;efdf, s= ;3gsf] ;efkltTjdf / 8L=;L=Pd s= cGhgfsf]
;+rfngdf sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmddf pkl:yt hg;d'bfonfO{ sd/]8
;Demgfn] :jfut dGtJoåf/f :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly
lhNnf OGrfh{ s= ljhon] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] eg] cGo cltyLx¿ s= sdn, s= ;+s]t,
s= /f]z0fn] cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm hg;ef
sfo{qmd d} e"tk"j{ uf=lj=;= cWoIf / ;lrjåf/f ut % aif{sf] uflj;sf]
ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] / % aif{df hDdf % nfv klg ljsf; lgdf{0fdf vr{ gePsf] c¿
;a} ah]6 e|i6frf/ ul/ cWoIfn] vfPsf] k|dfl0ft x'g cfPsf] lyof] .
e"tk"j{ uflj; cWoIf, p4j sf]O/fnf Pdfn]af6 @)%$ df lgjf{lrt ePsf
lyP . ;f] e|i6frf/sf] ;DaGwdf yk cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{ k"/f u/L cfjZos sfjf{xL
ug]{ 6'+uf] ePsf] 5, gof“ ;Qfn] u/]sf] pQm lg0f{ok|lt ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfox¿
v';L ePsf 5g\ . To:t} csf]{ sfo{qmddf 8L=;L=Pd= s= cGhgfn] :jfut efif0f
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cGo cltlyx¿df lhNnf OGrfh{ s= ljho, hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn,
j]yfg, :d[lt kfrf}+ lj|u]8, !% cf}+ a6flnot cGtu{t aL= sDkgL sldzg/sL 8L=jL=
nfdf, lhNnf ;]qm]6l/o6 ;b:o, tyf ! g+= Pl/of ;]qm]6/L a[xt, cg]/f:jljo"
qmflGtsf/Lsf lhNnf ;+of]hs s= gf/fo0f e§/fO{ / lgd hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf]
;+of]hs s= /f]z0fn] klg ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL hg;ef sfo{qmddf
:yfgLo ;L=cfO{=8L=sf] ¿kdf sfd ug]{ lzIfsåo k|]daxfb'/ lsªl/ª s0f{axfb'/
lsªl/ª, kGhnfn >]i7, t'n;Lbf; >]i7, dfgaxfb'/ :of]tfg / o; u|'ksf] sdf08
ug]{ g]=sf=sf] ! g+= If]qLo ;efklt a'4 nfdfnfO{ hg;d'bfosf] dfemdf hgsfjf{xL
ul/of] .
;/sf/L 6f]nLsf]
lg/Lxtf M ‘xfdL /fhtGq kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sb}gf}+’
g]kfnu~h÷ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ /
k'/fgf] ;QfaLr t]>f] r/0fsf] zflGtjftf{sf] t]>f] ;q ;f]djf/ dfcf]jfbL
hgfwf/ ePsf] bfªsf] klZrdL k'/Gwf/f uf=h=;= l:yt xfk'/]df ePsf] 5 .
t]>f] r/0fsf oL kl5Nnf j}7sx?df d"n /fhgLlts ljifoj:t'df s]lGb|t /x]/
dfcf]jfbL / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] jftf{ 6f]nL aLr uDeL/ ;}4flGts jx; eO{/x]sf] k|fKt
;dfrf/df atfOPsf] 5 . oL uDeL/ ;}4flGts jx;x?df ;/sf/L 6f]nLn] cu|ufdL
/fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu dfcf]jfbLn] /fv]sf /fhgLlts ljifoj:t'nfO{ cf}lrToxLg
atfpg t ;s]sf] 5}g t/ tL /fhgLlts Ph]08fdf ;xdlt hgfpg 7"nf] cK7]/f]sf]
dxz'; ul//x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:o ;lrj sdn yfkfn]
eGg'eof] . ædfcf]jfbLåf/f k|:t't clwsf+z cfly{s /
;fdflhs ljifox?df xfd|f]
;}4flGts c;xdlt 5}g . tL ljifox? efjL ;/sf/sf nflu dfu{ bz{gsf ?kdf /xg]
5g\ .Æ pxf“n] cfOtjf/ ;f“em g]kfnu~hdf ;+jfbbftfx?;+u af]Nb} ;/sf/ ;j}
ljifodf jx;ug{ tof/ /x]sf] t jtfpg' eof] t/ /fhtGq / zfxL ;]gfsf] x}l;ot af/]
eg] yk s]xL atfpg rfxg' ePg . pxf“n] oltdfq eGg'eof] æxfdL /fhtGq x6fpg jf
kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ .Æ
o; cl3 dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr
t]>f] r/0fsf] zflGtjftf{sf] klxnf] j}7s g]kfnu~h l:yt :g]x xf]6]nsf] Ps
;f“3'/f] sIfdf z'? ePsf] lyof] . cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf ;/sf/n] Joj:yfkg u/]sf]
klxnf] a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL lgwf{l/t ;do eGbf kf“r ldg]6 cl3
!!M%% ah] jftf{ :yndf k|j]z u/]sf] lyof] . o;cl3 ;xh stf{x? !!M$% / ;/sf/L
jftf{ 6f]nL !!M#) df jftf{ :yndf pkl:yt x'g'ePsf] lyof] . klxnf] j}7s
dWofGx !@M!) df ;'? eof] . ;j{k|yd k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs
8f= k|sfzrGb| nf]xgLn] / To;kl5 dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afj'/fd
e§/fo{n] cfkm\gf] dGtAo k|:t't ug'{ eof] . :jfut dGtJosf] cjlwe/ ;+rf/
sdL{x?nfO{ jftf{:yndf pkl:yt u/fO{Psf] lyof] .
;f]xL klxnf] ;qdf
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] ut j}zfv !$ ut] klxnf] r/0fsf] jftf{df k|:t't u/]sf]
/fhgLlts Ph]08fsf] ;/sf/L wf/0ff ;lxtsf] cfwf/kq ;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f=
k|sfzrGb| nf]xgLn] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . nuQ} ck/fGx @ ah] ;/sf/n]
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ub}{ ckm\gf] cfwf/ kq ;fj{hlgs u¥of] . klxnf]
j}7sdf b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltdf ;q a'“b] j}7ssf] sfo{ljlwdf dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nL
;+of]hs 8= afj'/fd e§/fO{ / ;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= k|sfzrGb| nf]xgLn]
x:tfIf/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/L kIfsf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng kl5 dfcf]jfbL
jftf{6f]nLn] 5'§} kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ub}{ ;/sf/L cjwf/0ff–kqdfly cfkm\gf]
kf6L{sf] k|f/lDes k|ltlqmof hgfPsf] lyof] .
t]>f] r/0fsf] zflGtjftf{sf]
bf]>f] j}7s cfOtjf/ ;f“em hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] bfªsf] zflGt
Onfsf xfk'/]df ePsf] lyof] . jftf{ :yndf k'u]sf dfcf]jfb tyf ;/sf/L jftf{
6f]nLnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ;dy{s :yfgLo hgtfn] cjL/ / km"ndfnf nufP/ :jfut u/]sf
lyP . jftf{ :yndf Ps eJo :jfut 9f]sf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] / uf]nd]r
;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf kIfdf Jofg/x? 6f“luPsf lyP .
pQm zflGt :yndf ;'? ePsf]
jftf{df ;xhstf{x? kb\d/Tg t'nfw/, bdggfy 9'+ufgf, z}n]Gb| s'df/ pkfWofo /
s0f{Wjh clwsf/Lsf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] . s/lj 8]9 306f;Dd rn]sf] jftf{kl5
;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nL g]kfnu~h kms]{sf] lyof] eg] dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL /
;xhstf{x? ;f]xL :yndf a:g'ePsf] lyof] . bf]>f]
j}7sdf cg'udg 6f]nLnfO{ ;lqmo t'Nofpg]af/] s'/fsfgL ePsf] lyof] .
jftf{sf] cl3Nnf]
;f“em==
g]kfnu~h÷ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ /
k'/fgf] ;QfaLr t]>f] r/0fsf] zflGtjftf{sf] k"j{ ;GWofdf zlgjf/ ;f“em
g]kfnu~hdf cof]lht …ld6 b k|];Ú sfo{qmddf jf]Nb} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf jftf{
6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afj'/fd e§/fOn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] b]z / hgtfk|ltsf] uDeL/
lhDd]jf/L af]w;lxt clwstd nrstfsf ;fy zflGtjftf{sf] 6]j'ndf j:g cfPsf]
atfpg'eof] / eGg'eof] . æzflGt jftf{nfO{ ;kmn agfpg] of c;kmn Tof] k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] lgotdf e/k5{ .Æ pxf“n] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;ef Ps
csf{df cGt/lglxt s'/f ePsfn] oL dfunfO{ 5'§\ofP/ x]g{ gldNg] / tL k"/f
geP;Dd jt{dfg w/ftnLo oyfy{sf] jf:tljs /fhgLlts lgsf; lg:sg ;Dej gx'g] klg
atfpg' eof] . Ps k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf pxf“n] ;+ljwfg;ef cfkm}df hgdt ;+u|x ePsfn]
jt{dfg k'/fgf] ;Qfdflysf] /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] lgsf;sf nflu 5'§} hgdt ;+u|xsf]
cfjZostf gx'g] jtfpg' eof] . hgtfn] Oltxf;df cfkm\gf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm} ug{
kfpg] dxTjk"0f{ 38L / ljz]if cjz/ klg t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{ ePsfn]
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;+rfns /fhfnfO{ clwstd Tofu / jlnbfgLsf] ;fx; k|bz{g ug{ ;d]t
pxf“n] cfJxfg ug'{eof] . ;fdfGo 6fn6'n] sfdn] ;Qfsf] ;+s6 g6g]{ ePsfn] of]
t]>f] r/0fsf] zflGtjftf{nfO{ k'/fgf] ;Qfn] cfkm"nfO{ ;lRrg] / hgtfnfO{
clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg] cjz/sf ?kdf lng' kg]{ klg pxf“x?sf] lhls/ lyof] .
t]>f] r/0fsf] zflGtjftf{nfO{
b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf Ps sf]z] 9'+uf ;fljt ug{ tyf syd\sbflrt k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
;fdGtL cx+sf sf/0f jftf{ c;kmn eO{xfn]df To;k|lt ;hu /xg klg pxf“n] cfd
;+rf/sdL{ tyf hgtfnfO{
cfJxfg ug'{ eof] .
zflGtjftf{sf] ;dfrf/ ;+sng ug{ g]kfnu~hdf hDdf ePsf ;of}+ /fli6«o tyf
cGt/f{li6«o ;+rf/ dfWodsf kqsf/x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] pQm sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbLsf
tkm{af6 jftf{ 6f]nLsf k|jQmf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fsf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] . hgcfJxfg
;fKtflxs kl/jf/åf/f cfof]lht pQm …ld6 b k|];Ú sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj hgcfJxfg
;fKtflxssf ;Dkfbs cf]d zfdf{n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] hgtfsf] rfxgf cg';f/
zflGt jftf{ eO{/x]sfn] of] ;kmn x'g hgtfsf cfjfh jf]Ng] ;+rf/ sdL{x?sf] klg
plQs} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng kqsf/
dgClif lwtfnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
…lgMzt{
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g'k5{Ú
sf7df8f}+÷g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ / k/fgf] ;QfkIfaLr
t];|f] r/0fsf]jftf{ k|f/De ePkl5 / ;/sf/åf/f Ph]08f k|:t't ul/Pkl5 To;k|lt tLj|
k|ltlqmof b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df xfdLn] ;dfhsf ljleGg tx, tKsf, k]zfsf JolQmTjx?;“u
zflGtjftf{df ljb|f]xL kIf / k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf Ph]08fnufot ljifodf cledt lnPsf
lyof}+ .
s= k|sfz,
;xdxfdGqL, g]skf -P]s]–d;fn_
b]zdf clxn]
;+ljwfg;efdf ;xdlt sfod u/L jftf{ ;kmn kf/]/ u[xo'4sf] cGTo / /fhg}lts ;+s6sf]
;dfwfg ug]{ ls u[xo'4nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] eGg] uDeL/ k|Zg v8f ePsf] 5 .
;QfkIfaf6 ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{sf] t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{df k|:t't k|:tfjn]
;+s6sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] b]lvb}g . ;QfkIfn] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t ;fj{ef}d;Qf
hgtfdf x:tfGt/0f / cu|ufdL gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ;xdlt hgfpg] u/L cfkm\gf]
k|:tfjdf k'glj{rf/ ug{ tof/ geP jftf{ e+u eO{ b]z eLif0f u[xo'4df ws]lng] sl/a
lglZrt 5 .
t;y{,
olta]nf zflGt / kl/jt{gsf kIfw/ ;Dk"0f{ ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts zlQmx¿ / gful/s
;dfhn] ;+ljwfg;ef / u[xo'4dWo] Pp6f 5gf]6 ug'{kg]{ jt{dfg ljlzi6 kl/l:yltk|lt
uDeL/ eO{ ;+ljwfg;efdf ;xdlt sfod u/L jftf{nfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ;QfkIfnfO{ rf}tkmL{
bafa lbg' h¿/L 5 .
jftf{dfkm{t\
cu|ufdL kl/jt{g ug]{, zflGtsf] :yfkgf / ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg ug]{ of] cj;/nfO{ u'Dg
glbg ;a}n] cf–cfkm\gf] 7fp“af6 lhDd]jf/ Pj+ ;lqmo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg]{
cfjZostf 5 .
nLnfdl0f kf]v/]n, hgdf]rf{ g]kfn
d'n'sdf
ljBdfg cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f“:s[lts ;d:ofx¿, gof“ lj/f]wx¿ zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] gof“
;dLs/0f dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x / /fhfsf] k|ltufdL sbd ;a}nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ gof“
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf hfg'k5{ . gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ ;a}eGbf
pQd ljlw ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj g} xf] . of] afx]s clxn]sf] l:yltdf ;d:ofsf]
zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfgsf] csf]{ s'g} lgsf; x'g ;Qm}g . To;sf nflu ;QfkIf
ljleGg /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿ Pp6f ;dembfl/df cfpg'k5{ . Tof] g} zflGtk"0f{
af6f] xf] .
aftf{df
k|:t't /fHokIfsf Ph]08fx¿n] g t % kf6L{n] k|:t't u/]sf dfux¿nfO{ g ;d]6\g
;s]sf] 5 g dfcf]jfbLsf], To;n] ubf{ olb ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] ¿kdf kl/jt{g gug]{ xf]
eg] jf dfcf]jfbL kIfsf] cfkm\gf] Go"gtd k|:tfj oyfjt /xg] xf] eg] jftf{sf]
ljkmntf lglZrt 5 . o;af6 cfpg] kl/0ffdx¿ /fhfsf] lg/s'+ztfsf] rfxgf afx\o
zlQmx¿sf lglxt :jfy{ g} d"n lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ .
;/n
;"qdf hgtfnfO{ k"0f{ ;fj{ef}d agfpg] lbzfdf gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f /
To;sf nflu ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjdf ;xdlt hgfpg'k5{ . /fhgLlts ;xdlt
hgfpg'k5{ . /fhgLlts bnx¿n] /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] ;DaGwdf :ki6;“u} cfkm\gf]
cjwf/0ffnfO{ ljsl;t ub}{ gof“ ;+ljwfg agfpgsf] lglDt ;+ljwfg ;efsf] k|lqmofnfO{
:jLsfg'{k5{ . To;sf lglDt /fhg}lts bnx¿ / dfcf]jfbLaLr ;xsfo{sf] jftfj/0f
agfpg'k5{ . of] lsg cfjZos 5 eg] olta]nf ;a} k|sf/sf ;+3if{ / zlQmsf
lglDtsf] nIo lg/+s'z /fhtGq g} /x]sf] 5 .
;LkL d}gfnL, ;+of]hs ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{
jftf{df
;/sf/n] ;f/]sf] cjwf/0ff kqn] cu|ufdL Ph]08fx¿nfO{ ljNs'n} 5f]Psf] 5}g .
cu|udgsf Ph]08fx¿nfO{ ;/sf/L cjwf/0ffdf dfcf]jfbL / /fhgLlt bnn] cl3;f/]sf]df
Psbd pk]Iff u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] nf]slk|o ;'wf/sf s'/f u/]/ k|ltudgnfO{ kbf{
xfn]/ hgtfnfO{ k"0f{ ;fj{ef}d agfpgaf6 /f]Sg vf]h]sf] :ki6 ePsf] 5 .
olb ;/sf/ k|ultlzn gof“ ;+ljwfg agfpg] s'/fdf ;xdt ePg eg] tyf cfkm\gf]
cjwf/0ffnfO{ ckl/jt{gLo 7fg]/ h:tf] To:t} /fVg vf]h]df /fhgLlts lgsf; x'g
;Qm}g . clxn] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] lglDt gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{
;jf]{Qd pkfo eg]sf] ;+ljwfg ;ef xf] . To;afx]s cGo ljlwx¿ klg x'g
;S5g\ . To;df klg ;/sf/ 5nkmn u/]/ cufl8 a9\g tof/ x'g'k5{ . olb
lgzt{ ;+ljwfg ;ef klg ;Qfwf/LnfO{ :jLsfo{ ePg / cfkm\gf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ dfq
pTs[i6 7fG5 eg] uDeL/ vt/fsf] l:yltdf k'Ug]5 . To;sf] bf]if ;a} ;/sfnfO{
hfg]5 . ;/sf/L cjwf/0ffkl5 dfcf]jfbLn] /fhgLlts bnx¿;“u ;+jfb ug'{kg]{
7"nf] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 .
dNn s] ;'Gb/
;/sf/n]
cufl8 ;f/]sf] cjwf/0ffn] s]xL cfz+sfsf] l:ylt b]vfk/]sf] 5 . To;df
ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLn] p7fp“b} cfPsf] dfuk|lt s'g} ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5}g .
/fh;+:yfsf] e"ldsf, ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkg, wd{ lg/k]Iftf, hftLo :jfoQtf
cflbaf/] s]xL p7fPsf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbLn] p7fp“b} cfPsf] ;+ljwfg;ef af/]
5f]OPsf] 5}g . dfGg] xf]Og eg] To;sf] ljsNk lbOg'k5{ . clxn]sf]
l:yltdf cfO;s]kl5 gof“ k|ultzLn ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf ePsf]
5 . )$^ ;fnkl5 dfcf]jfbL pbLodfg zlQmsf] ¿kdf cfO;s]kl5 p;nfO{
;d]6\g÷;Daf]wg ug{ klg gof“ ;+ljwfg n]Vg' h¿/L 5 . t/ ;/sf/n] k'/fg}
;+ljwfgleq ;+zf]wg u/]/ cufl8 a9\g vf]Hb}5 . Tof] ljb|f]xLnfO{ dfGo gx'g
;S5 .
v]dgf/fo0f 9'+ufgf, clwjQmf
jt{dfg
;+s6sf] lgsf; eg]sf] ;+ljwfg;efåf/f gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug'{ dfq xf] .
k'/fgf] ;+ljwfg d[t cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 sfd ug{ g;Sg] l:yltdf k'lu;Sof] .
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ cGo ljlw eP klg ;+ljwfg ;ef ;a}eGbf pko'Qm ;jf]{Qd dfWod
xf] . ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] k|ltudgnfO{ sfod /fVg olx ;+ljwfg leq}af6 ;+zf]wg
ug{ vf]H5 eg] jftf{ e+u x'g ;S5 . cfkm\gf] cfo' cNdNofpg aftf{ nDAofpg]
cjwf/0ffdf ;Lldt /xg] cl8s /xg] xf] eg] Tof] b'ik|of; g} x'g]5 . dfcf]jfbL
olt nlrnf] eP/ zflGtk"0f{ 9+uaf6 lgsf; lgsfNg cToGt} ;sf/fTds eP/ cfPsf]
a]nf ;/sf/L /j}ofsf sf/0f jftf{ e+u eof] eg] To;sf] ;a} bf]ifL ;/sf/ g}
x'g]5 .
o1d'lt{ a~hf8], clwjQmf
;+ljwfg;ef
cToGt k|hftflGqs dfu xf] . o;df s;}sf] cfklQ x'g' x'“b}g . of]
hgtfnfO{ af:tljs ¿kdf ;fj{ef}d agfpg] dfWod klg xf] . ;/sf/n] h'g
cjwf/0ffkq k|:tfj u/]sf] 5, Tof] s'g} cu|ufdL ;f]rsf ;fy ul/Psf] 5}g .
;/sf/nfO{ clxn]sf] cj:yfdf s]xL ug]{ clwsf/ klg 5}g / s]xL ug{ klg ;Qm}g .
b]zdf zflGt sfod ug{sf] lglDt cu|ufdL lgsf; ;lxtsf] h'g;'s} k|lqmof ckgfpg
;Sg'kb{5 . jt{dfg ;+s6sf] lgsf; x'G5 eg] /fhgLlts bnx¿, ;/sf/ ;a} ;+ljwfg
;efsf nflu tof/ x'g'kb{5 . t/ Tof] ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 clxn]s} h:tf] ;+ljwfg
aGof] eg] s]xL x'g ;Sb}g .
uf]kfn a'9fyf]sL, pk;efklt–g]kd;+
/fi6«eGbf
7"nf] s'/f] c¿ x'g ;Sb}g . /fi6«nfO{ ;jf]{kl/ 7fg]/ xfdLn] jt{dfg
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg' h¿/L eO;s]sf] 5 . clxn] b]zdf h'g zflGt k|of;
dfcf]jbL kIf / ;/sf/ kIfaf6 hgrfxgf cg';f/ h'g eO/x]sf] 5 o;nfO{ rf“8f]eGbf
rf“8f] 6'ª\Uofpg'k5{ . xfdLn] ljut aif{x¿df h'g si6s/ / g]kfnsf] Oltxf;d}
gef]u]sf l:yltx¿ ef]lu;s]sf 5f}+ .To;}n] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] nflu dfcf]jfbL
kIfaf6 h'g nrstf k|a4{g ul/Psf] 5 . To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog dfq x}g ;Ddfg;d]t
ug'{k5{ . hgtfsf] dtåf/f ul/g] lg0f{o ljZjsf] ;jf]{Qd k|0ffnL xf] .
o;nfO{ klg ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ . gj g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu Psk6s xf]Og k/]sf]
v08df xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;ef h:tf k|hftflGqs k|lqmofx¿ ;of}+ k6s k"/f ubf{ klg
/fi6«sf] enf] x'G5 eg] o;df Ps ldg]6 klg l9nf ug'{x'“b}g .
g/xl/ cfrfo{, g]kfnL sf“u|];
jftf{sf] qmd
hf/L g} /x]sf]n] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL ;xdltdf k'Ug ;Sg] cj:yf t 6'l6;s]sf]
5}g . t/ ;/sf/L Ph]08f c:ki6 / ck"0f{ 5 . ;/sf/L Ph]08fnfO{
cflwsfl/s x}l;ot gv'n]sf] b:tfj]h eGbf klg x'G5 . of] Ph]08f dfkm{t ;/sf/n]
k|:t't u/]sf] wf/0ff dfcf]jfbLsf] dfuk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f xf] ls ;/sf/s} dfu xf]
s;}k|lt <
casf]
l:yltdf ;+ljwfg ;'wf/, kl/dfh{g ug]{ xf] eg] ;+;bn] u5{ . x}g gof“ ;+ljwfg
agfpg] xf] eg] Tof] lgMzt{ ;+ljwfg ;efn] g} agfpg'k5{ . ;/sf/L st} gof“
;+ljwfg agfpg] s'/f t st} ;'wf/sf s'/fn] l:yltnfO{ cem} c:ki6 kf/]sf] 5 .
xfd|f] kl/k|]Iodf %) aif{b]lv clg0f{odf /x]sf] ;+ljwfg agfpg] ljlw ;+ljwfg;ef
eGbf pQd ljsNk c¿ 5}g . syd\sbflrt jftf{ c;kmn eP klg ;+ljwfg;efsf]
zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf dfcf]jfbL;lxt ;a} kIf nfUg'k5{ .
dx]Gb| lji6, ;lrj g]kdxf;+3
d'n's /
hgtfsf] rfxgf / cfjZostf zflGt xf] eGg] s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g /, zflGt :yfkgf ;/sf/
/ dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] jftf{ ;xdltdf gk'uL ;Dej 5}g eGg] s'/f klg :ki6 5 .
clxn]
dfcf]jfbLn] k|:t't u/]sf] /fhgLlts Ph]08fsf] k|ltlqmof:j¿k ;/sf/n] cu|udgsf]
Ph]08fsf] gfd lbP/ NofPsf] cjwf/0ffkq / To;kl5 pTkGg k|ltlqmofx¿nfO{ ljZn]if0f
ubf{ jftf{ ljkmntfdf 6'+lug] vt/f b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . h'g xfdL ;a}sf nflu
b'ef{Uok"0f{ xf] . hxf“;Dd ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] cGtj{:t'sf] s'/f 5
Tof] ;/sf/sf] k|s[lt, ;/sf/df /xg]sf] k[i7e"ld / u7gsf] ca:yfnfO{ b[li6ut
u/]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] of] pgLx¿sf] 7"nf] ;fx; xf], t/ dfcf]jfbLsf] dfu /
hgtfd} clwsf/;DkGg u/fpg] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ s'g} cu|ufdL km8\sf] xf]Og . of] t
)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf pknlAwnfO{ ;d]t ;ª\s'rg ug]{ vfnsf] 5 . clxn] kf“r
kf6L{n] cl3 ;f/]sf] cu|udgsf] ;femf Ph]08feGbf klg w]/} k5fl8 /x]sf] o;
cjwf/0ffn] dfcf]jfbLsf dfux¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5}g . jftf{nfO{
lgisif{df k'¥ofpg' k5{ eGg] sfdgf / p;sf] tTk/tfaLrdf d]n klg 5}g .
)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgn] Joj:yf u/]sf] / ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] cEof;n] :yflkt
u/]sf] dfGotfnfO{ ;d]t ;/sf/L cjwf/0ffn] ;ª\s'lrt ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 .
;+ljwfg ;efsf] h'g s'/f 5 Tof] l;4fGttM s'g} cfklQsf] ljifo 5}g . ;+ljwfg
;efdf hfg] xf] eg] zt{;lxt hfg] s'/fsf] s'g} t's klg 5}g . ;+ljwfg ;ef
jftf{sf] c8\rg aGg'x'Gg . To;df hf“bf zflGtsf] af6f] v'Nbf eg] hfg' /fd|f]
x'G5 t/ To;df /xg] ljifoj:t'sf af/]df slDtdf cu|udgsf kIfw/ / /fhgLlts
zlQmx¿aLrdf ;xdlt sfod ug{ ;s]df dfq d'n'sn] jf:tljs / ;xL lgsf; kfpg ;Qm5 .
jftf{ ljkmn ePdfsf] lhDd]af/ eGg] hxf“;Dd k|Zg 5, lhDd]jf/L t jftf{sf b'a}
kIfw/n] cf–cfkm\gf] lx:;fdf kg]{ lt lng} kb{5 . ;/sf/ To;df a9L lhDd]jf/
x'G5 / Tof]eGbf a9L of] ;/sf/sf] sNkgf / l8hfOg ug]{x¿ x'g'kb{5 .
ljkmntfsf] of] b'ef{Uon] d'n'ssf] cl:tTjdfly g} ;+s6 k}bf ug{ ;S5 .
syd\sbflrt ;/sf/;“u jftf{ e+u ePdf klg o'4lj/fd e+u gul/ d'n'ssf /fhgLlts
zlQmx¿aLr ;xdlt sfod u/]/ d'n'snfO{ lgsf; lbg dfcf]jfbL nfUg'kb{5 . k|r08
/ 8f= e§/fO{n] eGg] u/]sf] w/ftnLo oyfy{sf] cf}lrTo klg tadfq ;fljt x'G5 ha
/fhf, ;+;bLo kf6L{x¿ / dfcf]jfbLaLr ;xdlt x'g ;Sb5 . clxn] of] lqkIfLo
;xdltsf] ;Defjgf g/x]sf] a]nf jftf{ ljkmn x'g] cj:yf g} cfpg] ePdf ;/sf/L
jftf{6f]nLsf] cfwf/e"t :j¿k g} ablng] u/L ;f]Rg]tkm{ klg nfUg] xf] ls, tf
ls jf:tljs tLg zlQmaLr /fHo ;+rfngsf] cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ d'2fdf ;femf ;xdlt
aGg ;sf];\ .
s[i0fk|;fb e08f/L, jl/i7 clwjQmf
b]zelQmsf] efjgfsf] cfwf/df ;a}kIf ;xdltdf
cfpg'k5{ . To;f] geP;Dd ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Gg . ;a} kIfx¿ cfk;L cljZjf; /
z+sfdf 8'a]sf 5g\ of] /fd|f] xf]Og . ;+ljwfgsf] s'/f ubf{ d :jod\ klg of]
;+ljwfg dflGbg“ . To;}n] k'/fgf s'/fx¿ la;]{/ ;a} zlQm OdfGbf/ eP/
;j{kIfLo / :jR5 JolQmx¿sf] ;Dd]ng u/]/ lgsf;sf] kxn ug'{k5{ . of] clxn]sf]
jftf{af6 x'Gg . olb o;f] xf]Og eg] ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 klg lgsf; lbg
;lsG5 .
b]zsf] *) k|ltzt e"efu dfcf]jfbLsf]
k|efjdf 5 . ;/sf/L Ph]08fn] oL s'/fx¿ a'em]g . jt{dfg ;d:ofnfO{ h;/L
eP klg ;'Nemfpg'k5{ . b]zsf] lxtsf] nflu ;/sf/ em'Sg'k5{, ;a} kIf Tofu ug{
tof/ x'g'k5{ .
k|tfk/fh jGt, cWoIf–g]/fj';+
;/sf/sf tkm{af6 k|:t't Ph]08fn] /fhgLlts
lgsf;sf] 9f]sf aGb u/]sf] 5 . kmntM zflGt jftf{ uDeL/ ;+s6df k/]sf]
5 . k"“hLjfbL k|hftGqsf] k"0f{ k|of]u slDtdf ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 dfq}
x'g] ePsfn] cfkm"nfO{ k|hftGqjfbL 7fGg] ;Dk"0f{ zlQm / JolQmx¿
;+ljwfg ;efsf] gf/fdf uf]naGb x'g' cfjZos 5 . a¿ cfk;L c;dembf/Lx¿ eP
dte]bx¿ eP jftf{6f]nL agfP/} cyjf ;+o'Qm sfo{bn agfP/ klg xn ug{ ;lsG5 .
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / kf6L{x¿;d]t ldn]/ ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ agfP/ hfg klg ;lsG5 .
lrqaxfb'/ >]i7, ;+of]hs–/fhcf;, g]kfn
>fj0f @@ ut] k'/fgf] ;Qf /
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ aLrsf] t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{–k|lqmofsf] l;nl;nfdf k'/fgf]
;Qf kIfaf6 k]z ul/Psf] ax'k|rlnt cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsfz;DaGwL cjwf/0ffkq hgtf /
/fi6«nfO{ cGof]n / e|d ;[hgf ug]{ /
k'/fg} k|ltudg tyf oyfl:yltjfbL ;f]+r / dfGotfsf] a}zfvL 6]sL cfPsf] 5 .
k|:t't cjwf/0ff kqnfO{ ?kdf ;fdfGo ;'wf/sf a'“bfx¿sf] hfdf klx/\ofpg sf]l;;
ul/Psf] ePtf klg ;f/df hgo'4 ;~rfng / g]t[Tj ul//fv]sf] g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_n]
b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf k|:tfljt ub}{ cfO/fv]sf] d'Vo /fhg}lts ljifo ;+ljwfg;ef
dfkm{t gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] kIfdf ;sf/fTds ;f]+rfO{ pNn]v ug'{sf] ;6\6f pN6}
pxL d[t ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;+zf]wg -jf_ k'gMn]vgaf6 ;d:ofsf] xn vf]Hg] d'Vo p2]Zo
/x]sf], k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;]gfsf] ljifodf s'g} s'/f pNn]v gul/Psf] cflb sf/0fn]
of] gof“ e|d, if8\oGq / wf]sf l;jfo c? s]xL x'g} ;Sb}g . d'n's of]
cj:yf;Dd cfO{ k'Ubf klg k/fgf] ;Qfn] k'gM 5n5fd / if8oGqaf6 cufl8 a9\g vf]Hg'n]
;jf b'O{ s/f]8 g]kfnL hgtfsf] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; ;lxtsf] zflGtsf]
k"0f{ rfxgfnfO{ a]jf:tf dfq xf]Og gof“ yk r'gf}lt ;[hgf u/]sf] 5 .
ctM d'n'ssf] of] l:yltsf] uDeL/tfnfO{ cfTdf;ft ub}{ b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ /fhg}lts
zlQm, k|a'4 ju{, gful/s ;dfh Pj+ ;Dk"0f{ tx / tKsfsf hg;d'bfox¿ Ps l9Ssf
eO{ xfd|f aLrdf ePsf ;;fgf dte]bx¿nfO{ ;dosf ;fydf ;lRrg] k|lta4tfsf ;fy ;/sf/L
cjwf/0ffkqn] ;dfh / hgtfdf kfg{ ;Sg] e|d / if8\oGqsf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ cu|ufdL
kl/jt{gsf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;ef dfkm{t gof+ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] kIfdf ;+o'Qm ;8s
;+3if{df cufl8 a9\g xflb{s cfx\jfg tyf clkn ub{5' .
kjgdfg >]i7 cWoIf–g]jfM /fd'df], g]kfn
)^) >fj0f #@ ut] ax'k|ltlIft t]>f]
r/0fsf] ljb|f]xL kIf g]=s==kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ / k'/fgf] ;Qf kIfaLr ;'? ePsf]
5 . k'/fgf] ;Qf kIfaf6 k|:t't ul/g] elgPsf] cjwf/0ffkq t]>f] r/0fsf]
jftf{sf] k|f/Dedf /fVg] sfd ePsf] 5 .
pQm cjwf/0ff kqdf pNn]lvt ljifo j:t'n]
;f/tM g]kfnnfO{ ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] b'xfO{ lb+b} )$& ;fneGbf k5fl8 ws]Ng]
k|ltufdL ;f]+r / of]hgf d'tfljs cfPsf] :ki6 b]lvPsf] 5 . hgtfnfO{ e|ddf
kfg{ ljleGg ;d:ofsf ljifox¿df ;txL 9+un] 5f]Psf] h:tf] u/]/ b]zdf /x]sf]
d"n ;d:of /fhg}lts ;d:ofaf6 klG5g vf]h]sf] 5 .
b]zsf] jt{dfg ;d:of eg]sf] !# aif{;Dd
cEof; ul/Psf] c;kmn /fhtGqfTds ax'bnLo Joj:yf / To;df lglxt /fHok|0ffnL xf] .
)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] hgtfnfO{ ;Lldt k|hftflGqs clwsf/ pknAw u/fPtf klg hgtf
eg] ;fj{ef}d ;Qf ;DkGg x'g ;sg] . zfxL ;]gfsf] andf lg/s'+z /fhtGqn] xd]zf
hgtfsf] ;Lldt clwsf/ ;f]:g] sfd x'+b} cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] cfhsf] d'Vo
/fhg}lts ljifo j:t' eg]sf] hgtfnfO{ jf:tljs ?kdf ;fj{ef}d ;QF;DkGg agfpg' /
zfxL ;]gfnfO{ lj36g u/]/ hgtfsf] k|ltlglwx¿sf] dftxtdf /xg] u/L /fli6«o ;]gf
lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] . o;sf] nflu lgMzt{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj afx]s csf]{
ljsNk 5}g .
& aif{sf] bf}/fgdf
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] hgo'4 ;'? u/]kl5 ljzfn hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lgdf{0f ePsf]
5 . o'4lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmof k'/fgf] ;QfkIf / dfcf]jfbL kIfaLr ljsl;t zlQm
;Gt'ngsf] kl/0ffd xf] . To;}n] o;nfO{ ;Daf]wg gu/L jftf{ u5'{ eGg'sf] cy{
jftf{sf] nflu jftf{ ug'{ l;jfo c? s]xL x'g] 5}g . a? o;leq 7"n}
if8\oGq /x]sf] k|i6 x'G5 . To;}n] b]zsf] d'Vo ;d:of xn x'g] u/L ;a}
kIfnfO{ ;d]6]/ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj u/L b]zsf]
;d:of xn x'g ;Sb}g .
t/ ;/sf/L cjwf/0ff kqn] cu|ufdL ;'wf/sf]
gfddf ;w} hgtfsf] lj?4 k|of]u x'g] zfxL ;]gfsf] af/] s]xL gaf]n]/ lg/s'+z
/fhtGq / zfxL ;]gfnfO{ hgtfsf] g/;+xf/ ug{ yk clwsf/ lbg] p2]Zon] cfPsf]
5 . c? ;'wf/sf s'/fx¿ h:t} hghflt, dlxnf, blnt cflbsf s'/fx¿ r'gfjsf] a]nf
r'gfjL kf6L{n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 3f]if0ffkq / cfZjf;g h:t} x'g\ . h;sf] s'g}
cf}lrTo 5}g .
cjwf/0ffkqn] lgisif{df zflGt jftf{sf]
gfddf lg/s'+z /fhtGq / zfxL ;]gfnfO{ cem lg/+s'z / kmflz:6 agfp+b} nfg] /
o'4lj/fd / jftf{ e+u u/L k'gM u[xo'4 / g/;+xf/ ug]{ lbzflt/ k'/fgf] ;Qf cl3
a9]sf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . To;}n] oltv]/ ;a} kf6L{, gful/s ;dfh / JolQmTjx¿,
pTkLl8t hflt, hghflt, blnt, dlxnf, ljBfyL{, dhb'/, a'l4hLlj, Jofkfl/,
pBf]ukltnufot ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfon] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] nflu bafa lbg clgjfo{
eO;s]sf] 5 . km]l/ klg k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfn] jftf{ / o'4lj/fd e+u u/L o'4sf]
3f]if0ff u/]df hgtfn] k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿sf] k"0f{ ;kmfof ug'{sf] ljsNk ckm
af+sL /xg] 5}g . To;kl5 dfq hgtf ;fj{ef}d / clwsf/ ;DkGg x'g]5g\ / b]zdf
k|hftGqsf] Uof/]G6L x'g]5 .
n]vgfy Gof}kfg], cWoIf–clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
k'/fgf] ;Qf / dfcf]jfbLaLr eO/x]sf] zflGt
jftf{df ;Qfn] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkq jf /fhgLlts Ph]08fk|lt xfd|f] ;+u7g
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 .
k'/fgf] ;Qfn] k|:t't u/]sf slyt /fhgLlts
Ph]08f sfOt] / /sdL efiffdf cfPsf] k|ltufdL uGw xf] . h;n] /fhf / ;]gfnfO{
emg\ alnof] agfpg] ljb|f]xL kIfnfO{ cad"Nog u/L cfPsf] 5 . cGtl/d
;/sf/ ;+;bLo r'gfjsf] nflu xf]Og, ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjsf] nflu x'g'k5{ .
h;af6 /fhgLlts k|0ffnLdf cfd"n kl/jt{g x'g'kb{5 .
t/ ev{/} k'/fgf] ;QfkIfaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf]
Ph]08fn] Totftkm{ k'/} cf+vf lrlDnPsf] 5 . o;af6 uDeL/ if8\oGqsf] cfz+sf
pTkGg ePsf] 5 . h;k|lt ;Dk"0f{ kl/jt{gsfdL hg;d'bfo Pjd\ zlQmx¿nfO{
;r]t /xg / ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t zflGtk"0f{ cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] nflu Jofks / ;zQm
hgbafa l;h{gf ug{ tyf kl/l:yltsf] uDeL/tfk|lt ;r]t /xg xflb{sk"j{s cg'/f]w
ub{5f}+ .
/fli6o oftfoft Joj;foL dxf;+3 cWoIf,
lji0f'k|;fb lzjfsf]6L
b]zn] zflGt rfx]sf] 5 h'g;s} k|s[ofaf6
ePklg zflGt sfod x'g'kb{5 . km]l/ åGå rSof]{ eg] g]kfndfly g} k|ZglrGx v8f
x'G5 olt ;+ljwfg ;efdf gul/sg jftf{ efl8of] eg] To;sf] lhDd]jf/ ;+ljwfg ;ef
glbg] kIf x'G5 . xfdL Joj;foLx¿ zflGt rfxG5f}+ åGån] ubf{ b]zsf] cy{tGqdf
klg gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{5 .
cfgGb kf]v/]n, g]skf Pdfn]
b]zdf ;j{q åGå sfod 5 . To;sf]
/fhgLlt ljsf;sf] lglDt gof“ ;+ljwfg n]Vg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . dfcf]jfbLn]
p7fPsf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfu k"“hLjfbL k|hftflGqs k|0ffnL cGtu{t s}
xf] . hgtfnfO{ k"0f{?kdf ;fj{hlgs agfpg / )$^ ;fnsf] pknAwLnfO{ /Iff
ul/ cu|ufdL lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g gof+ ;+ljwfgsf] h?/L 5 . t]>f] r/0fsf]
jftf{df ;/sf/n] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkq s]jn oyfl:yltjfbL k|ltufdL zAb hfn dfq
xf] . bnx¿n] 89fPsf dfunfO{ g} ;Daf]wg ug{;s]sf] 5}g eg] ljb|f]xLsf dfu t
w]/} 6f9f /x] . o;n] d"n Ph]08f /fhtGq, wd{ lg/k]If tyf :jofQtfsf
s'/fnfO{ bf]Ps} 5}g . ;/sf/ oxL 9+un] uof] eg] casf] l:yltsf] lhDd]jf/
;/sf/ g} x'g]5 .
czf]s ljZjsdf{, cWoIf– g]bd'df], sf7df8f}+
;fdGtL lg/s'+ztfjfbL, lxGb' a|fDx0fjfbL,
/fHo;Qfn] P]ltxfl;s ;j{xf/f ju{sf] pTkfbgsf ;fwgx¿ >d zlQm, cf}hf/ ;Lksf
dflnsx¿nfO{ blntsf] :t/df emf/]/ cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0f bdg ub}{ /fhg}lts,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts x/]s If]qaf6 k5fl8 kf/]/ hGdl;4 clwsf/ / pGglt
ug{af6 al~rt u/fOPsf] s'/f cjut} 5 . @)@) ;fndf d'n'sL P]g hf/L u/L
a}wflgs ?kdf hftLo 5'jf5"t / e]befjsf] cGTo ul/Psf] elgPtf klg Jojxf/t
To;sf] sxL+ st} nfu' ul/Pg . o;n] t s]jn blnt tyf pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf]
lg/+s'z /fHo ;Qfsf] lj?4sf] ;+u7Lt cfGbf]ngnfO{ /f]Sg] sf]l;; dfq lyof] eGg]
k'li6 x'G5 .
ax'bnsf] cfudg kZrft klg blnt ;d'bfosf]
l:yltdf tflTjs s'g} leGgtf 5}g . k'/fgf] /fHo ;Qfsf] lgoGq0fdf /xsf] :yfg
-;b/d'sfd, ;]gfsf] Jof/]s /x]sf] glhssf 7fp+x¿_ df cfh klg blnt ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿
dfly lgw{Ss;+u c5'tsf] Jojxf/ ug'{, x]Kg', bdg ug'{ / ckdflgt ug'{ cfkm\gf]
clwsf/ ;DemG5g\ . blnt a:tLx¿df cfuf] nufOg', blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;fd'lxs
anTsf/ ul/g' ;fdfGo dflgG5 . / blnt dfly 36fOg] o:tf 36gfx¿sf] lj?4 sfg'gL
pkrf/ / ;'g'jfO{ x'g] 7fp+ 5}g . ;+;bLo /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] blnt ;d'bfonfO{
clt ;:tf] gf/fdf cNemfO{ s]jn ef]6 a}+ssf] ?kdf k|of]u u/L ;Qf k|fKt ug]{
e/\ofª agfPsf 5g\ eg] csf{lt/ blnt ;d'bfoleqs} lzlIftx¿sf] Ps lx:;f blnt
;d'bfonfO{ ljleGg Pglhcf] / cfO{Pglhcf] dfkm{t ;'wf/sf] gfddf qmflGtsf/L blnt
;+u7g / juL{o cfGbf]ngdf uf]naGb x'gaf6 e8\sfO{ k"+hLjfbL ;+:sf/ /
;'wf/jfbL ef;df km;fO{ /fv]sf 5g\ . k'/fgf] a|fDx0fjfbL /fHo ;Qfsf] :j/k
sfod /x];Dd ul/g] To:tf ;'wf/sf cfGbf]ng jf sfo{qmdn] blntx¿sf] d'lQm ;Dej 5}g,
cem}+ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf j0f{jfbsf] ;]jf afx]s c? s]xL x'g} ;Sb}g .
laut * aif{b]lv ;j{xf/f ju{sf] cu|b:tf
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f ;+rflnt hgo'4n] k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;QfnfO{ Pskl5 csf]{
w'nf] r6fp+b}, /fHo;Qfaf6 juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo / n}+lus ?kdf pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf]
pNn]vgLo ;xeflutfdf gof+ hgjfbL ;Qf lj:tf/ ePsf d'n'ssf *) k|ltzteGbf a9L
u|fdL0f e"efudf ;a} vfn] c;dfgtf / 5'jf5"tsf] cGTo x'+b} uPsf] / ;Qf
;+rfngdf ;dfg ;xeflutfsf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf k|ltlqmofjfbL k'/fgf] ;Qf / pbLodfg
gof+ ;Qfsf] aLr laut ^ dlxgfb]lv ePsf] o'4lj/fd / zflGt jftf{ k|lqmofdf gof+
;Qfsf] tkm{af6 cToGt nrstf / lhDd]jf/L af]wsf ;fy hgtfsf] /fhg}lts cu|ufdL
kl/jt{g;lxtsf] zflGtsf] rfxgfnfO{ pRr sb/ ub}{ jftf{ k|lqmofdf ;xefuL ePsf] 5
t/ k'/fgf] ;QfkIf hgrfxgfsf] ljkl/t ;Qf :jfy{nfO{ l6sfO{ /fVg cToGt lgs[i6 hfnem]n
/ if8\oGqsf ;fy cfO/x]sf] :ki6 5 . pQm s'/f lxhf] dfq} g]kfnu+hdf ePsf]
t]>f] r/0fsf] zflGt jftf{df k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f k|:t't slyt /fhg}lts k|:tfjaf6
;d]t k'li6 x'G5 . t;y{ d'n'ssf] Ps rf}yfO{ lx:;f cf]u6]sf] blnt ;d'bfon]
jt{dfg jftf{ k|lqmofk|lt cToGt} ;r]ttf / ;ts{ aGb} /fhg}lts lgsf;df k'/ofpg
hgbafa l;h{gf ug'{ cfjZos 5 / @)@) ;fnsf] d'n'sL P]gdf Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5'jf5"t cGTosf] 3f]if0ffsf] s'g} cf}lrTo g/x]sf]n] k|ltufdL ;Qfsf] k[i7
kf]ifsåf/f efb| ! ut] dgfOg] slyt $) cf}+ d'n'sL P]g lbj;sf] xfd|f] ;+u7g g]kfn
blnt d'lQm df]rf{ 3f]/ eT;gf{ ub{5 / To:tf ;fdGtL tTjx¿sf] nf]e nfnr /
if8\oGqdf gk/L cfhsf] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/k|lt ;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t hg;d'bfo tyf
hgkIfLo zlQm;+u Psfsf/ eO{ cl3 a9\g xflb{s cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
dfcf]jfbL
g]tfx¿ >ddf ;xefuL
klZrd g]kfnsf] ljz]if lhNnfleq s]xL
;docufl8 ljleGg lhNnfsf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ / hg;]gfx¿nfO{ /fhg}lts k|lzIf0f
lbPsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
;f] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf ! ut] kZrft klZrd
s]Gb|Lo sdf08 OGrfh{ s= lbjfs/, hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf l8lehg sdf08/ s= kf;fª, kf6L{
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ s= k|zfGt, s= ljB't, s= ;'lgn -lju|]8 sld;f/_ nufot s=
k|tLs, s= ljifd s= /ZdL klg ^))–&)) ;o sfo{stf{;“u} qmddf ;xefuL x'g'ePsf]
lyof] . dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿ hgtfdf“em hfb}gg\ / >ddf ;xefuL x'“b}gg\
eGg] e|d kfg{ Jo:t /x]sf k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿ sfo{stf{ /
hgtf;“u;“u} em/L kfgL 3fd ;a};“u h'b\b} 9'+uf af]Sb} ufx|f] nufp“b} >ddf
;xefuL ePsf] b[Zon] k|lts[ofjfbLx¿nfO{ rf]l6nf] k|xf/ lbPsf] s'/f >ddf
;xefuL Ps sfo{stf{ atfp“5g\ .
k|:tfjn]
cu|ufdL lgsf; lbg g;Sg]
sf7df8f}+÷aftf{nfO{ tfls{s lgisif{df
k'¥ofpg ;a}lt/ dfu eO/fv]s} cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] slyt ;'wf/sf] cjwf/0ff k|:tfj
u/]kl5 To;sf] ;j{q l6Kk0fL ul/g yflnPsf] 5 . o;} qmddf efb| ! ut] a;]sf]
;+o'Qm afddf]rf{, g]kfnsf] a}7sn] ;/sf/L cjwf/0ffkqn] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] d'Vo
/fhgLlts d'2fnfO{ ljNs'n pk]Iff u/]sf] 7x/ u/]sf] 5 . j}7skl5 ;+of]hs ;LkL
d}gfnLn] Pj+ lj1lKt hf/L u/L ;/sf/L k|:tfjn] b]zsf] jt{dfg ;d:of / ;+s6nfO{
cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; lbg g;Sg] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
;/sf/ k|:tfj d} ;Lldt /x\of] eg] jftf{
ljkmn x'g] vt/f ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ lj1lKtdf ;Qf kIfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL / cfGbf]ngsf/L
;Dk"0f{n] p7fPsf d"ne"t d'2fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ u/L kqdf kl/jt{g
ug{ bafa lbOPsf] 5 . df]rf{n] pQm k|:tfjn] cfkm\gf] k|ltufdL sbdnfO
9fs5f]k ug{ / hgtfnfO{ k"0f{ ;fj{ef}d agfpg /f]Sg] / vl08t kfg]{ b'Zk|of;
u/]sf] klg atfPsf] 5 . hgtfnfO{ d'Vo /fhgLlts d'2faf6 6f9fnlu s]xL
nf]slk|o ;'wf/åf/f lbUe|ldt kfg]{ / zflGt jftf{nfO{ cNdNofp+b} nDAofpg] sfo{
;/sf/n] ul//x]sf] atfp“b} df]rf{n] of] l:yltdf dfcf]jfbL / cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx¿aLr
;Djfb / ;xdlt lgdf{0f ul/ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] lglDt kxn x'g'kg]{ 68\sf/f]
cfjZostf ag]sf] atfPsf] 5 .
dGqL a:g]tn]
lg/LIf0f 6f]nLnfO{ /f]s]
s]xLlbg b]lvk/]sf] clj/n aiff{n] sf:sL
lhNnfsf] gfdfh'{u uflj; / sf]K5]a];Lsf Ps} kl/jf/sf kf“r} hgf ;b:onfO{ aufPsf]
5 . h;dWo] b'O{hgfsf] zj dfbLgbLdf e]l6Psf] 5 . pQm :yfgdf cfPsf]
af9Ln] kf“r}, gfdfh'{+«, l;Nbh'/] / y'dfsf] 8f“8fu/L rf/ uflj;df g/fd|f];“u
Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L /;'jf lhNnfsf] w}j'ª\u uflj; &
df uPsf] csf]{ klx/f]df kf“r} hgf x/fPsf 5g\ . a]kQf ePsfx¿df cfOt/fd df]Qmfgsf
# 5f]/L ! 5f]/f / Ps >LdtL 5g\ . tL dWo] !& aifL{o k]df tfdfªsf]
6fpsf] 5'l6Psf] zj km]nf k/]sf] :yfgLo afl;Gbf odgfyn] atfP . klx/f]af6
Unfg, af8;LsL, u0f]z yf]Ss/, jL/bn yf]s/ / sfG5f df]Qmfgsf] 3/ aufPsf] 5 .
To:t} ufp“sf] k|f8=;] k|f=lj=sf] ejgdf Iflt k'us]f 5 eg] w}j'ª / nx/]kf}jf
uflj;sf] vfg]kfgL of]hgf;d]t gi6 ePsf] 5 . To:t} Ps} /ftdf uPsf] #
klx/f]af6 ;f7L uf]7sf tLg ;oeGbf a9L rf}kfof d/]sf 5g\ / 7"nf] wghgsf]
gf]S;fgL ePsf] 5 . :d/0f/xf];\ s]xL lbgcl3 tfKn]h'Ë lhNnfsf] ;'¿lDvfd
uflj; * df uPsf] klx/f]af6 Pp6} 3/sf & hgfsf] d[To'ePsf] lyof] . o;
aif{ k'jL{ g]kfnsf lrtjg, tgx'“, wflbË, dsjfgk'/, af/f, k;f{, uf}/ / ;nf{xL
pbok'/ cflb lhNnf af9L tyf klx/f]af6 k|efljt ePsf 5g\ lxhf]b]lv k/]sf] cla/n
aiff{n] ubf{ /fhwfgL hf]8\g] ;Dk"0f{ oftfoftx¿ 7Kk /x]sf 5g\ eg] /fhwfgLdf
b}lgs pkef]Uo a:t'sf] xfxfsf/ ePsf] 5 . b]zdf o:tf] b}jL k|sf]k kbf{;d]t
;/sf/n] s'g} jf:tf u/]sf] b]lvb}g . ;/sf/n] clxn];Dd klg /fxtsf] 7f];
sfo{qmd Nofpg ;s]sf] 5}g . k|fs[lts k|sf]k tyf /fxt ;ldlt u7g u/]/ Ps b'O{
lg/LIf0f / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ckLn ug'{sf] cnfjf ;/sf/n] kLl8tx¿nfO{
s'g} /fxt lbg;s]sf] 5}g . /fxt lbgsf] ;§f ;/sf/n] zflGt jftf{sf] qmddf
b]zJofkL ¿kdf w/ks8, xTof, anTsf/sf 36gfnfO{ tLj|¿kdf a9fPsfn] ;/sf/af6 /fxt
kfpg] cfzf u/]sf] kLl8tx¿ ca lg/fz ePsf 5g\ . otf b}ljs k|sf]ksf] kL8f
;]nfpg gkfp“b} ptf ;/sf/n] lbPsf]kL8fsf sf/0f hgtf cfqmf]lzt ag]sf 5g\ .
ptf ef/tn] ;Ldf If]qdf lgdf{/0f u/]sf
ljleGg af“wsf sf/0f g]kfnsf] 7"nf] e"–efu 8'afgdf k/]sf] 5 .
af“s] ;Ldfdf agfOPsf] nId0fk'/ af“w, bfËsf] sf]Onfjf;' af“w, slkna:t'df lgld{t
/l;ofjfn v'b{nf]6 af“wnufotsf af“wn] xhf/f}+ x]S6/ hdLg 8'afgdf k/]sf] / ;of}+
3/jf/ljxLg ePsf 5g\ eg] ;Dk"0f{ aflngfnL gi6 ePsf] 5 . To:tf]
;Dj]bgzLn ;d:ofk|lt ;/sf/ uDeL/ gb]lvg' emg\ cgf}7f} ePsf] 5 . o:t} pbok'/
/ ufO3f6sf hgtfn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] hfgsf/L lng hfg nfu]sf]
pRr:t/Lo ;/sf/L 6f]nLnfO{ lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqL xl/axfb'/ a:g]tn] /f]lslbPsf
5g\ . To;/L k|s[ltk|sf]k kbf{ p4f/ ug{ hfg] 6f]nLnfO{ ;d]t dGqLn] /f]S5g\
eg] o:tf dGqLn] hgtfsf] sfd s] unf{g pbok'/sf cfdhgtf cfqmf]lzt ePsf 5g\ /
pgLnfO{ lhNnfdf k|j]z ug{ glbg] ;d]t atfPsf 5g\ . clxn] pbok'/sf tdfd hgtf
dfcf]jfbLn] dfq hgtfsf sfd ubf{/x]5g\ . c¿ kf6L{ eg]sf t ;/sf/df hfg]
;ftf}= k':tf;Ddsf] nflu ;DklQ hf]8\g], cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/L ljb]z nlu k9fpg] lrNnf
sf/ r9\g] dfq /x]5g\ . xfd|f] b'Mv ;'vdf t dfcf]jfbLn] dfq ;fy lb+bf]/x]5
elg :yfgLo hgtfn] eg]sf] s'/f ko{j]Ifsx¿ atfp“5g\ .
b]zJofkL lu/km\tf/L / a]kQfsf] qmd a9\bf]
k'/fgf] ;QfkIfåf/f /fd]5fkdf !& sf] xTof
sf7df8f}+÷g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / k'/fgf] ;Qf
kIfaLr ljut ^ dlxgf cl3b]lv o'4lj/fd ePotf %) hgfeGbf a9Lsf] xTof, ;of}+sf]
lu/km\tf/L ufp“–ufp“df dRrfpg] n"6kf6 cflb 36gfx¿ 36fP/ zfxL ;]gf tyf
k|x/Lx¿n] jftf{k|ltsf] cfkm\gf] a]OdfgLnfO{ k'l:6 ul/;s]sf] 5 .
Jofks hgbafa kZrft\ t]>f] r/0fsf]
jftf{df a:g k'/fgf] ;Qf kIf tof/ eP klg ufp“–ufp“df ;]gf kl/rfng u/]/ hgtfnfO{
cft+lst agfpg] h:tf lqmofsnfkn] k'/fgf] ;Qf jftf{k|lt yf]/} klg OdfGbf/ geO{
leqleq} if8\oGq ug{ Ao:t /x]sf] k|:6 x'g cfPsf] 5 .
t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{ glhlsPb]lv jftf{
eO/x]sf] cj:yf;Dddf emg\ ;]gf kl/rfngnfO{ tLa|¿kdf a9fP/ % ls=dL=sf] ;xdlt kfng
ug]{ t k/} hfcf];\ b'u{d ufp“–ufp“df uP/ lgxTyf sfo{stf{nfO{ ;dfp“b} d'7e]8df
k|ltsf/df df/]sf] k|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5 .
klZrd g]kfnsf] bfªdf jftf{ rln/x“bf
k"j{sf] /fd]5fkdf Aofks ;]gf kl/rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . /fd]5fksf lhNnf
hg;/sf/ k|d'v af8'nfn of]~hg;lxt w]/} lgz:q sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ;dfltPsf] 5 eg]
/fd]5fks} bf]/Dafdf !& hgf lgz:q sfo{stf{sf] lgd{dtfk"j{s ;fpg #@ ut]
xtof ul/Psf] va/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ut xKtf klg s}nfnLdf * hgf lgz:q
sfo{stf{x¿sf] xTof ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L c5fddf klg ut ;fpg @( ut] cf]nL
ufp“ ufh;df v'Nnf ;ef ul//x]sf] 7fp“df uO{ !! hgf sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]
va/ 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ lu/km\tf/L kZrft\ d/0ff;Gg x'g] u/L lk6]/ ef]lnkN6
5fl8Psf] lyof] . kqmfp kg]{x¿df ljsf;, /f]zg, /l;nf, /rgf, k|z+;f ljzfn,
ljGb', ;'ljtf, dlgiff / Pe/]i6 x'g\ h;dWo] ! hgfsf] s/ª;d]t ef“lRrPsf] 5 .
pQm :yfg d+un;]gaf6 sl/j & sL=dL= 6f9f /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L oxL ebf}+ !
ut] wgu9L ahf/af6 Ps ljBfyL{nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] s'/f yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 .
To:t} dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf] km'naf/L, /ftef]6df dfcf]jfbLsf] e]ifdf ufp“–ufp“df
;]gf k'u]/ dfcf]jfbL ;dy{s hgtfx¿nfO{ s'6\g] lk6\g] u/]sf] v'Ng cfPsf] 5 .
sl/a @÷# ;o zfxL ;]gfsf] 6f]nL ufp“df #÷$ lbg cl3b]lv c8\8f hdfP/ a;]sf]
5 . ufp“ k;]sf ;]gfn] ljBfyL{ z's/fh nf]rgnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/ nu]sf
5g\ .
To;}u/L sf7df8f}+s} gfªn]ef/] / n;Lkm]bLdf
klg @)) eGbf a9L ;]gf ufp“ a;]/ hgtfx¿nfO{ cft+lst kfg]{, s'6\g] n'6\g] sfd
ul//x]sf 5g\ . gfªn]ef/]df ;r{ ul/;s]kl5 !)) hgf hlt ;]gf kms]{sf 5g\ eg]
!)) ;hgf hlt ;]gf l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] ef]6]rf}/lt/ uPsf 5g\ .
To:t} bf]nvf lhNnfsf] ljleGg uflj;df uP/ ;]gfn] vfgtnf;L ug]{, n'6kft dRrfpg] sfd ul//x]sf] va/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
a]kQf kfg]{qmd cem} hf/L
k'/fgf]
;Qf / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{df al;;Sbf klg bf]>f] r/0fsf]
jftf{;Dd ePsf ;xdlt / cfrf/;+lxtfsf ;xdltx¿ sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
ut )%( df3 !% ut] ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLaLr
o'4lj/fd eO{ )%( kmfu'g @( ut] b'a} kIfåf/f ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] cfrf/;+lxtfdf tLg
dlxgfleq j]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx¿sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ug]{ pNn]v ul/P klg
cfrf/;+lxtf hf/L ePsf] kf“r dlxgf lat]/ klg t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{df al;;Sbf;Dd
klg /fHoaf6 a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx¿ ;fj{hlgs ug{sf] ;§f jftf{sf]
k"j{;GWofdf yk gful/sx¿nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQf kf/]sf 36gfsf ;dfrf/x¿
cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
t]>f] r/0fsf] zflGtjftf{sf] cfx\jfg
ub}{ ;/sf/L aftf{6f]nLsf ;b:o ;lrj sdn yfkfn] )^) >fj0f ( ut] dfcf]jfbLnfO{
n]v]sf] kqdf /fHon] j]kQf kf/]sf # ;o @@ hgf gful/ssf] l:ylt oyf;Dej l56f]
cyf{t t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{sf] 6]an'ndf a;]kl5 ;fj{hlgs ub}{ hfg] eg] klg yk
gful/snfO{ j]kQf kfb}{ hfg'n] s] ;+s]t u5{ eg] ;/sf/ b]z / hgtfk|lt k|lta4
5}g . :d/0f/xf];\ ;+s6sfnk"j{ /fHon] j]kQf kf/]sf clwjStf /fh]Gb|
9sfn, b08kfl0f Gof}kfg], ldng g]kfnL, sdnf zdf{, uf]/]axfb'/ k'af]{6Lnufotsf
JolQmx¿ sxf“ s'g cj:yfdf 5g\ clxn];Dd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g eg] )%* d+;L/df
nfu" ePsf] ;+s6sfnotf /fHon] kqmfp u/L j]kQf kf/]sf k"0f{ kf}8]n,
jLlkg e08f/L, lbnaxfb'/ /fO{, /fdxl/ ¿kfv]lt gjLg s'df/ /fO{, O{Zj/ nfdf, ljzfn
nfdf, kf]v/fh a'9fyf]sL, uf]kfn gu/sf]6L, pd]z ;]9fO{+ nufot ;of}+ gful/ssf]
l:ylt xfn;Dd ;/sf/åf/f ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5}g eg] t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{sf]
k"j{ ;GWofdf ;f]n'af6 ljzfn v8\sfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L xfn;Dd s'g cj:yfdf
/flvPsf] 5 yfxf 5}g, v8\sf % aif{kl5 h]naf6 d'2f km};nf eO{ c;f/ @& ut] dfq
/Lxf ePsf x'g\ . To;}u/L b}n]v, s~rgk'/, ;+v'jf;efnufotsf lhNnfx¿df klg
lu/km\tf/kl5 j]kQf kfg]{ qmd emg a9]/ uPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
o;/L ;/sf/n] cfkm"n] af]n]sf / lg0f{o
u/]sf s'/fx¿ g} sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sb}g eg] jftf{df x'g] lg0f{ox¿ nfu" u5{
eGg] s'/fdf klg hgdfg;df z+sf k}bf x'g yfn]sf] 5 . Toltdfq xf]Og a]kQf
kfl/Psf kl/jf/ ;dfhn] cfkm\gf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ oyfzL3| ;fj{hlgs gu/] g}lts
;+s6df kfg]{ cfGbf]ng ug]{ 3f]if0ff ;d]t ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;} qmddf ut zlgjf/
;f] ;dfhsf ;+of]hs Ps/fh e08f/Ln] efj's x'“b} cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o a]kQf
ePsf] ;Gbe{df eGg'eof], …xfd|f ;b:onfO{ h;/L lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQf kf/]sf] 5
To;}u/L xfdL klg /fHosf] lhDd]jf/ JolQmnfO{ j]kQf kfg{ tof/ x'g} k5{ . olb
xf]Og eg] t'¿Gt ;fj{hlgs ug{ /fHo tof/ /xg'k5{ . ;/sf/ u}/lhDd]af/ aGg]
xf] eg] of] d'n'sn] xhf/f}+ g]kfnLnfO{ u'dfpg' gknf{ eGg ;lsGg .
df]xgljqmdsf] xf/u'xf/ †
sf7df8f}+÷kf6L{nfO{ cfkm\gf] jkf}lt
;Demg], kf6L{sf lg0f{ox¿df k6sk6s cNkdtdf k/]/ klg dxfdGqL kb eg] cf]u6]/}
a:g'kg]{ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf …a"9f] uf]¿Ú df]xgljqmd l;+x kb v':sg]
8/n] xf/u'xf/df nfUg'ePsf] 5 . Ps]–d;fnsf] ljjfb ;fj{hlgs ¿kd} ax;df
cfPkl5 df]xgljqmdsf] /x:odo kbdf]x emg\ pbfª\lug yfn]sf] 5 . kf6L{ sAhf
u/]/ Pdfn];“u Pstf ug]{ / …7"nf]Ú kf6L{sf] cWoIf aGg] rfxgf qmdzM
rsgfr"/ x'g yfn]kl5 pxf“ Pdfn]sf g]tfx¿sf] gof“ u7sf] cfdGq0fdf wfpg
yfNg'ePsf] Pdfn]sf] pRr ;|f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 . kf6L{ leqsf] ;+3if{df k/flht
ePkl5 l;+x kf6L{sf ;Dk"0f{ uf]Kofx¿;d]t Pdfn]x¿ sxf“ nu/ vf]Ng yfNg'ePsf]
5 . slxn], s'g a}7sdf, s;n], s] dt /fVof]< eGg]b]lv lnP/ kf6L{sf ;a}
s'/f Pdfn]sf s]xL g]tfx¿sxf“ pxf“ dfkm{t l/n] x'g yfn]sf] Pdfn]s} ;|f]tn] pNn]v
u/]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf l;+xn] u/]sf] xf/u'xf/nfO{ Pdfn]sf Ps kqsf/
g]tfn] Ps n]vdfkm{t phfu/ ul/lbPsf 5g\ .
c¿nfO{ Ps]–d;fn km'6fpg ;xof]u u/]sf] eGb}
l6Kk0fL ug]{ ltg} g]tfn] Ps]–d;fn ljefhgsf] nflu s':t s;/t u/]sf 5g\ . Ps]–d;fnsf]
ax'dt kIfsf] g]t[Tjk|lt ljleGg cfIf]k nufp“b} / df]xgljqmdsf] u'0fufg ub}{
n]lvPsf] kqsf/ Pdfn] g]tfsf] n]vdf kf6L{sf ;a} cflGtl/s s'/fx¿ n]lvPkl5
df]xgljqmd emg} cK7]/f]df kg'{ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . ;f] ;dfrf/nfO{ lnP/
Ps]–d;fnsf sfo{stf{x¿ df]xgljqmdk|lt emg} cfqmfds ag]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ eG5g\–
ædxfdGqL g} l;cfO{P z}nLdf sfd u5{g\ eg] To:tf] kf6L{df al;/xg ;ls+b}g .Æ
Ps]–d;fns} OdfGbf/ sfo{stf{x¿ clxn] kf6L{ Pstf unt ePsf] 7x/df k'u]sf
5g\ . pgLx¿ PstfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg] gfddf k|ltufdL rl/q af]s]sfx¿;“u al;/xg
gx'g] a¿ qmflGtsf/Lx¿aLr w'|jLs/0f x'g'kg]{ atfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f
v08g
88]Nw'/f . dfcf]jfbLsf] gfddf ljleGg
JolQm / ;d"xaf6 n'6kft dRrfPsf] 36gfnfO{ lnP/ 88]nw'/f, s~rgk'/sf]
;]qm]6/L s= ljqmdn] ;f] s'/fsf]v08g ug'{ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbL / hgtfsf] ;DaGw gª / df;'sf] h:tf]
k|u9 ePkl5 ;f] b]Vg g;sL dfcf]jfbLnfO{ abgfd ug]{ p2]Zon] zfxL ;]gf tyf k|x/L
k|zf;gsf] ;+nUgtfdf ufp“df n'6kf6 kRrfP/ hgtfnfO{ cft+lst agfO/x]sf] df pSt
sfo{sf] 3f]/ eT;{gf ub}{ k|]; jStJo dfkm{t s8f cfklQ hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . s]xL
lbg cufl8 k|rfl/t 88]nw'/fsf] zodf / 7f]6Lsf] uf]k3f6df ePsf] 5'§f 5'§} 36gfdf
dfcf]jfbLsf] s'g} ;+nUgtf g/x]sf] s'/f klg pxf“n] k|:6 kfg'{ ePsf] 5 .
o'4 lj/fd ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t ufp“ ufp“df
uP/ n'6kf6 kRrfpg] xTof w/ks8 anfTsf/ lu/km\tf/L ul/g'n] k"/fgf] ;Qf
kIfsf] k|lta2tf :ki6 e};s]sf] s'/f lj1Ktdf pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 .
af}l4sx?sf]
Pp6} :j/ M lglj{sNk ;+ljwfg ;ef
k'/fgf] ;Qf / g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_aLr
g]kfnu~hdf x'g uO/x]sf] t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{sf] k"j{ ;GWofdf ut ;fpg #!
ut] dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt k|lti7fg g]kfnn] sf7df8f}+df zflGtjftf{ / hgtfsf]
rfxgf ljifos Ps lbg] ljrf/ uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .
pQm ljrf/ uf]i7Ldf ;xeflu d'n'ssf rlr{t
/fhgLlt1, a'l4hLlj, jlsnnufotsf ljleGg tx / tKsfsf JolQmx?n] clxn] d'n'sn]
vf]h]sf] zflGt d'bf{ zflGt x}g d'n'sn] vf]h]sf] cu|ult / nf]stGqsf] k"0f{
axfnL;lxtsf] zflGtsf] / of] zflGtjftf{ ;sn kfg{df /fHosf] d'Vo e"ldsf /xg]
x'“bf o;nfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf lgsf;sf] laGb'df k'¥ofpg' kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf
lyP .
/fHoåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf ljBfyL{ g]tf ljkLg
e08f/LsL cfdf zfGtf e08f/Ln] kfg;df alQ afn]/ pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] sfo{qmddf ljrf/
uf]i7Lsf] ;efkltTj dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt k|lti7fgsf cWoIf s[i0fk|;fb lzjfsf]6Ln]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . df=c= tyf zflGt k|lti7fgsf s]=;= /Tgaxfb'/ zfxLsf] :jfut
dGtJoaf6 ;'?ePsf] uf]i7Ldf jftf{z}nLsf ;xhstf{ z}n]Gb|s'df/ pkfWofosf] klg
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ;xhstf{ pkfWofon] /fli6«otf /fli6«o cv08tfnfO{
arfpg d'n'ssf] lxtsf nflu zflGtjftf{ ;kmn agfpg bafa lbg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3gsf s'/f cfO/x]sf / xTof lx+;fsf >[+vnfa4 x'g'df /fHo g}
lhDd]af/ ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ d'n'snfO{ cu|ultlbg] vfnsf Ph]08f lnP/ ;/sf/L kIf
pkl:yt gePdf kl/l:yltn] cs}{ df]8 lng ;S5, To;sf] nflu ;/sf/ uDeL/ aGg h?/L 5
eGg'eof] .
a]kQf kfl/Psf kLl8t kl/jf/hgsf ;+of]hs
Ps/fh e08f/Ln] d'n'sdf zflGtjftf{sf] s'/f rln/x]sf] 5 /fHon] cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3g
ul//x]sf] 5 . bf]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{;Dd ePsf ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ePsf 5}gg\,
dfcf]jfbLsf ln:6df /fHon] # ;o @@ hgf j]kQf kf/]sf] t/ dGqL sdn yfkfn] lgs[i6
9+un] j]kQf kf/]sf gful/s eg]/ #^ hgfsf] gfd lbg' To;df klg !& hgf dfq
k'i6L x'g' lgGbgLo ePsf] atfpg'eof] . d'n'ssf] ;+ljwfg d[t e};s]sf] / o;n]
s'g} lgsf; lbg g;Sg], To;sf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;ef afx]s c? ljsNk gePsf] bfjL ub}{
;+;f/df ckl/jt{gLo s'g} rLh 5}g eg] ;f/f hgtfnfO{ /fhfsf a}/L b]Vg] of] ;+ljwfg
ca hgtfnfO{ dfGo x'g] 5}g eGg'eof] . ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf cWoIf clds
z]/rgn] /fli6«otfnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ /fHo tyf ;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] cufl8 a9\g' k5{
eGg'x'“b} clxn]sf] ;+ljwfgaf6 g} ;'wf/ u/]/ hfg] s'/f ug'{ hgtfnfO{ e|ddf /fVg
vf]Hg' g} xf] . of] uNtL ;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] ul//x]sf 5g\ . bL3{sfnLg
;dfwfgsf nflu ckl/jt{gLo wf/f kl/jt{g ug{ gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ /
Tof]eGbf tn em/]/ ;Demf}tf gug{ ;d]t jftf{sf/;“u cfu|x ug'{eof] .
;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{sf cWoIf ;L=kL= d}gfnLn]
zflGt jftf{ ;kmn kfg{ l;+uf] b]zn] rfx]em}+ ;+;bLo kf“r kf6L{x?n] klg rfx]sf eP
/fhfn] em'Sg' kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . d'n'snfO{ cu|ult lbg
zflGtjftf{ lg:sif{df k'¥ofpg ;+ljwfg ;ef g} sfkmL ePsf] / o; s'/fnfO{ /fHo
kIfaf6 uDeL/ eP/ lnOg' kg]{ x'G5 gq d'n'sn] grfxf“bf grfx“b} klg u[xo'4sf] df/
v]Kg' kg]{ atfpg'eof] . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf 8f= /fdzx/0f dxtn] ;z:q
k|x/L jnnfO{ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdf uf“Eg] k|of; ug'{ o'4sf] tof/L ug{ vf]h]sf] xf]
eGg'eof] .
u|fdL0f al:tx?df uP/ dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+sf
clxn] klg vfgtnf;L lng' cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3g g} xf], o:tf] sfo{ /f]s]/ zflGtjftf{
;kmn kfg'{k5{, o;}df d'n'ssf] lxt x'G5 pxf“n] eGg'eof] . g]kfn blnt d'lQm
;dfhsf cWoIf kb\dnfn ljZjsdf{n] )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg /fhf sf+u|]; /
jfddf]rf{sf] Pp6f ;xdltsf] b:tfj]h dfq xf] eGg'x'“b} clxn]sf] k|hftGq eg]sf]
/fhf;“u Ho" xh'/ ug]{ cf}tfl/x?sf] xftdf / clxn]sf] w'kf}/] ;/sf/n] of]
zflGtjftf{ ;kmn x'g] vfnsf] lgsf; lbg] s'/fdf z+sf k}bf ePsf] 5 eGg'eof] .
hgtfnfO{ ;f“lRrs} zflGtsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg ;efdf hfg'k5{
/fHon] ljb|f]xLkIfsf] of] Pp6f ;fgf] dfunfO{ k'/f ug}{k5{ .
jl/i7 kqsf/ zlQm nD;fnn] zflGtjftf{ ;kmn To;a]nf
;kmn x'G5 h'ga]nf /fHon] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj :jLsfg{ ;S5 eGgx'“b} /fHo olb
u[xo'4 rfx“b}g eg] d'n's g} Psfsf/ ePsf] cj:yfdf Tolt lbg lsg 8/fp“5
eGg'eof] .
clwjQmf lvdnfn b]jsf]6fM ;+ljwfg;ef ljgf
clxn] x'guO/x]sf] zflGtjftf{ ;kmn x'g] s'g} ;Defjgf b]lvb}g . %) cf}+
aif{cufl8 /fhf lqe'jgn] ;d]t :jLsf/]sf] Go"gtd ;t{ xf] eGb} zflGtjftf{
;kmn x'g / gx'g' /fHosf] e"ldsfdf e/kg]{ s'/f xf] eGg'eof] .
t]>f] r/0fsf] zflGtjftf{sf] k"j{
;GWofdf s}nfnLdf ePsf] cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3gsf k|ToIfbzL{ em+s/ /fjnn] ;/sf/L
;]gfn] af6f] lbO/x]sf] lgM;:q dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{dfly ;f+3flts xdnf u/L * hgfsf]
g[z+; xTof u¥of] / % hgf eL8Gtdf d/]sf] xNnf lkmhfof] . t/ oyfy{ oxL xf]
ls ;}lgsn] HofbQL u/]sf] 5 . Toxf“ Jofks ?kdf 3/ vfgtnf;L ug]{ /
dlxnfx?dfly ceb| Jojxf/ ug]{ h:tf] 3[l0ft sfd u/]sf] 5 . dfyj/l;+x yfkf
k|lti7fgsL cWoIf ;Ltfd}of l;+x yfkfn] klg ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfu Go"gtd ePsf]
atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf 8L=cf/= nfld5fg], aL/]Gb|
emfkfnL tyf k"j{ GofofwLz nId0fk|;fb cof{nn] klg cfkm\gf ljrf/ /fVg'ePsf]
lyof] .
clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_n] dfukq a'emfof]
c5fd÷clvn qmflGtsf/L c5fd lhNnf ;ldltn] ut
xKtfsf] cfOtaf/ !% ;"qLo dfu kq lhNnf lzIff sfof{no c5fdnfO{ a'emfPsf]
5 . lhNNfsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ Vofn u/L h'n';sf ¿kdf uPsf qmflGtsf/L
ljBfyL{x¿sf] g]t[Tj clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf lhNnf pkfWoIf b]j]Gb| 9'+ufgfn] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] . lzIff;DaGwL s]Gb|Lo dfu b]lv lnP/ lhNnfsf :yfgLo dfu;d]t pQm
dfu–kqdf /flvPsf] 5 .
afn b"/frf/Ldfly sfjf{xL
uf]/vf tfKn]–& sf b'uf{ e§/fO{n] ;f]xL
:yfg a:g] ^ jifL{of aflnsf sNkgf l3ld/]nfO{ ds}af/Ldf hah{:tL anfTsf/ u/]kl5
cleo'Qm b'uf{nfO{ c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ uf]/vfn] hgtfsf] lg0f{ocg';f/ sf/jfxL
u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo hgtfsf] aLrdf sfnf] df];f] bn]/ Toxf“ pkl:yt hgtf ;a}n]
y's]kl5sf] ;f]wk'5df lgh cleo'Qmn] s]xL ;do cl3 cfºg} sfsfsf] 3/ rf]/]sf] s'/f
klg atfPsf] lyof] . b'uf{nfO{ # dlxgf >d sf/fjf;df /fVg] / aflnsfsf]
:jf:Yo pkrf/sf] lglDt bz xhf/ ?k}of hl/jfgf tf]lsPsf] 5 . lgh cleo'Qmn]
kLl8t sNkgfnfO{ hah{:tL ug{ nfUbf sNkgfsf efOn] b]v]/ s;}nfO{ eg]kl5 b'j}nfO{
sfl6lbg] wDsL lbPsf lyP .
anfTsf/LnfO{ sfjf{xL
rf}tf/f÷lhNnfsf] klZrd e]usf] af“;af/L
ufh;sf /]zdaxfb'/ tfdfªnfO{ xf8gftf s/0fL / cGo ck/fwsf sf/0f c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ / tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf sfo{stf{n] oxL ;fpg !% ut] sfjf{xL
u/]sf 5g\ . lgh /]zdaxfb'/ tfdfªn] cfºg} elthL dfof tfdfªnfO{ w]/}
klxn]b]lv hah{:tL s/0fL ub{} cfPsf], hgtfnfO{ wDSofpg] u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
af“;af/L yfSn]sf lgh tfdfªnfO{ hgtfsf] cfu|x adf]lhd ;hfo;lxt ufp“ lgsfnf
ul/Psf] c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_n] hgfPsf] 5 .
hgjuL{o ;+u7gsf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg
yf?jfg
/fli6«o d'lQmdf]rf{ ;'g;/L lhNnf ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf oxL ldlt @)^) >fj0f !)
ut] ;'g;/L lhNnf :t/Lo cu'jf sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{s|d ;DkGg eof] . k|d'v
cltly g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ ;'g;/L±df]/¨ lhNnf O~rfh{ s= ;fu/n] ljljw ljifodf
af]Nb} k'/fgf] 9Ng nfu]sf] /fHo Joj:yf Psflt/ hL0f{ cj:yfdf 5 eg] xfdL
lab|f]xnfO{ ;+ul7t u/]/ s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sJhfug{ uO/x]sf 5f}+ eGg" eof] .
clwsf/ dfu]/ xf]Og vf];]/ lng'k5{ eGb} lk5l8Psf hftL hghftLn] d"lQm o'4df
k+ªlta4 geP;Dd d"lQmkfpg vf]Hg' lbjf ;kgf dfqxf] jfxfn] eGg'eof] .
l/kf]6LË df p7]sf ;jfnsf] hjfkm lbb} g]=sf=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ ;'g;/L lhNnf
;]s|]6/L s= k|ltsn] u'6ut ;+sL0ftf c/fhstf / dgf]utjfbL k|j[lt gTofu];Dd / dxfg
hgo'4df nfda4 eP/ juL{o o'4 gn8];Dd / a}b]lzs x:t If]ksf] k|ltsf/ ug{ tof/ geP
;Dd d'lQm kfpg g;lsg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] .
sfo{s|dsf]
;efktL OGbL/f rf}w/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+~rfng lg/fhg rf}w/Ln] ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] .
clvn g]kfn
dlxnf ;+3 -s|fGtLsf/L_, ;'g;/L lhNnf ;Dd]ng cfof]hs ;ldltsf] cfo]hgfdf ;'g;/L
lhNnf :t/Lo dlxnf cu'jf sfo{stf{ :tl/o k|lzIf0f oxL >fj0f !% ut] ;DkGg eof] .
pQm sfo{s|dsf] k|d'v cltly tyf k|d'v k|lzIfs c=g]=d= ;+3 -s|flGtsf/L_sf s]Gb|Lo
pkfWoIf nIdL d'8e/Ln] cfwf cfsfz 9fs]sf dlxnfnfO{ ;fd|fHojfbL / lj:tf/jfbLx?sf]
cf8 e/f];fdf ahf/df ljs|L ug]{ ;fdfg h:t} u/L lj1fkgsf ;fwg agfP/ cjnf ;DemL
pgLx¿n] s]xL ug{ ;Sb}gg eg] 7fGg' unt x'G5 . lsgeg] cfhsf g]kfnL dlxnf ad
ag]/ k9\sb} sfwdf aGb's af]s]/ gof Oltxf; lgdf{0f ul//x]sf 5g\ pxf“n] pdf e"h]nsf] g]t[Tjdf uf]vf{sf]
h]n tf]8]/ ljZjdf gof sLlt{dfg sfod u/]sf] k|;+u klg pNn]v ug'{eof] . ;fy}
g]=s=kf= -dfcf]afbL_ n] cl3 ;f/]sf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg
;efsf] lgjf{rg Ps dfq cu|ufdL Ph]08f xf] eGg'eo]f . csf{ k|lzIfs g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]afbL_ ;'g;/L df]/Ë lhNnf OGrfh{ s= ;fu/n] bfz{lgs ljifodfly k|lzIf0f
lbb}\ /fli6«o / cGt/{fli6«o kl/l:yltsf] af/]df k|i6 kfb}{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb
cfly{s ;+s6df k/]sf] / cfkmgf] cfly{s 6f6 kN6fO{nfO{ 5f]Kgsf] lglDt O/fsdfly
cfs|d0f ug{ k'u]sf] cd]/Lsf cfkm} gfª\luPsf] 5 .cfh cd]l/sf /fhg}lts ?kn]
k"0f{?kdf c;kmn ePsf]n] htftt} cfqmd0f ug{ yfn]sf] 5 eGg'eof] . ;fy}
pxfn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg geP;Dd b]zdf /Qmkft g/f]lsg] / Oltxf;sf] ;w}+
jL/x¿n] ub{5g\ eGg'eof] . To:t} csf{ k|lzIfs s= lzvfn] ljljw ljifodf
k|lzIf0f lbb} ;+ljwfg;ef hgtfsf] efUo lgdf{0fdf Psdfq ljsNk xf] eGg'eof] .
pQm k|lzIf0f sfo{s|dsf] ;+rfng xf]df rf}xfg / ;efklt c=g]=d=;+3 -s|flGtsf/L_
;'g;/L lhNnf ;Dd]ng cfof]hs ;ldltsf ;+of]hs /fd s'df/L rf}w/Ln] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .
g]kfn blnt
d'lQm df]rf{ ;'g;/Lsf] cu'jf sfo{stf{
k|lzIf0f olx >fj0f !& ut] ;DkGg eof] . pQm sfo{s|dsf k|d'v cltly
g]=b=d'=df] sf s]lGb|o ;b:o /fd=j= lj=s=n] dg'id[lt u|Gydf cfGwl/t ;+ljwfgnfO{
Roft]/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f gu/];Dd ;j}
vfn] pTkLl8t g]kfnL hgtfsf sNof0f x'“b}g . t;y{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg
Psdfq ljsNk xf], pxfn] eGg' eof] . csf{ k|lzIfs g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_
;'g;/L df]/ª OGrfh{ s= ;fu/n] dfS;jfbL bz{g / ;d;fdlos ljifodfly k|i6 kfg'{
ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{s|dsf] ;efklt pldtf ljs x'g'x'GYof] eg] ;+rfng lbn
j= lbofnL n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
c=g]=d= ;+3 -s|flGtsf/L_
;'g;/L lhNnfsf] lhNnf ;Dd]ngsf] pb3f6g ;df/f]x O6x/L gu/kflnsf sfo{nosf]
k|fªu0fdf >fj0f #! ut] ;DkGg eof] . c=g]=d=;+3 -s|fGtLsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo
pkfWoIf nIdL d'8e/Ln] ;f] ;Dd]ngdf pT3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] . k|d'v cltly
nIdL d"7e/Ln] k|ltlqmofjfbLx? u8a8L u5{g\ t/ s|flGtsf/Lx? cfs|d0f u5{g,
c;nkmn x'G5g c;kmntfjf6 kf7 l;S5g\ / cGttM ljhodf k'lu5f]85g\
eGg'eof] . g]=s=kf= -dfcf]afbL_ n]
p7fPsf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng cGt/Ld ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;ef dfq cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] s8L xf]
/ pxf“n] hf]8 lb+b} eGg'eof] . lnªuLo d'lQmsf] lgDtL juL{o n8fO n8g}
k5{ . pSt pb3f6g ;dfx/f]nfO{ z'esfdgf dGtJo lbg]x¿df g]kfn blnt d'lQm
df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fda= lj=s= clvn g]kfn 6«]8o"lgog dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o rGb| cf5fdL, ls/fdf]sf s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf, yf?jfg df]rf{sf] tkm{af6 OlGb/f
rf}w/L dw]z df]rf{sf k|ltlgwL clvn s|flGtsf/L lhNnf ;lrj k'ik Kofs'/]n nufotsf
;Dk"0f{ jStfx?sf] Pp6} s'/fdf hf]8 lyof] ls jt{dfg ;+s6sf] cu|ufdL
/fhg}lts lgsf; eg]sf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj xf] . pQm sfo{s|dsf] cWoIftf
/fds'df/L rf}w/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;~rfng xf]df rf}xfgn] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] o;/L g} :jfut dGtJo pldtf lj=s=n]
lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pSt pb\3f6g ;df/f]xkl5 a;]sf] jGb;qn] efljof]hgf ;xLt
gof g]t[Tj rog u/]sf] 5 h;df kl5 Ps yKg] u/L /fds'df/L rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf !!
;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 .
k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ OdfGbf/ aGg cfu|x
a'6jn÷k'/fgf]
/fHo;QfnfO{ zflGtjftf{df a;fpg / lg/Gt/tf lbnfpg hgbjfj lbg] p2]Zon] g]skf
dfcf]jfbL lgs6 ljleGg hgjuL{o ;+u7gx¿sf] ;+o'Qm hg;+3if{ ;ldlt slkna:t'n] rf/ gDa/
hLtk'/df hgbafa ¥ofnL Pj+ sf]0f;efsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .
uh]xsf
ahf/af6 lg:s]sf] ;f] ¥ofnLdf cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf u/, jftf{sf ;xdlt nfu" u/,
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb lkmtf{ hf, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng cGtl/d ;/sf/ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj
u/ nufotsf gf/fx¿ nufOPsf] lyof] .
¥ofnLkl5sf]
sf]0f;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ gful/s hfu/0f cleofg ¿kGb]xLsf cWoIf Zofd kf7sn]
hgtfsf] :jtGqtfsf] rfxgf / d'n'ssf] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf nflu ;r]t gful/sx¿
Psh'6 eO{ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;ef dfkm{t pko'Qm lgsf;
vf]Hg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf /fhgLlts bnx¿n] efu
lng'kg]{ atfp“b} cem} klg Go"gtd ;xdltdf gcfP g]kfnL hgtfn] bnx¿nfO{ dfGg
afWo gx'g] r]tfjgL;d]t lbg'eof] . o;/L g} yf¿jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ blxtn] hghfltsf] xs, xLt / clwsf/sf lglDt ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
r'gfj ckl/xfo{ ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn+3g u/]/
k'/fgf] ;Qf kIfn] aftf{ layf]Ng] if8\oGq u/]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .
:yfgLo hgtfx¿sf] Jofks hg;xeflutf /x]sf] ;f] sfo{qmddf cg]d;+3sf kf}8]nn]
jftf{sf] nflu k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf] v]njf8 u/]sf] atfpg'eof] .
/fh]Gb|
ltjf/Ln] ;+rfng ug'{ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf gful/s ;dfh uh]x8fsf ;lrj uf]kfn
zdf{nufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
ufh; 3f]if0ff
g'jfsf]6÷nRofª,
pn]{gL b'O{ ufh;sf] ;+o'Qm ufp“ hg;ldlt 3f]if0ff ug @* ut] nRofªsf] h'“u]8f“8f
:s'nsf] k|fªu0fdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm ufh;
k|ltlglwx¿df k|d'v Zof l;+x tfdfª, pk–k|d'vdf z]/axfb'/ tfdfªnufot #^ ;b:oLo
ufh;sf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] . s[i0faxfb'/ g]kfnLsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg
ePsf] ;f] ;efsf] ;+rfng s= ufp“n]n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] 3f]if0ff ;efdf kf6L{
k|ltlglw s= ljho, ljBfyL{ k|]daxfb'/ tfdfª, dlxnf k|ltlglw ljdnf 3n]nufotsf
jQmfx¿n] cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .