ljrf/hut\
c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L
;/sf/af/] M n]lgg
Ps
hNbf]aNbf] /fhgLlts k|Zg
jt{dfg qmflGtsf/L
kl/l:yltdf hg;+ljwfg ;efsf] cfof]hgf Ps d'Vo k|Zg aGg uPsf] 5 . of] k|Zg
s;/L xn ug{] xf] eGg]af/] dte]b 5 . o; ;DaGwdf tLg /fhg}lts wf/fx? b]vf
k/]sf 5g\ . hf/zfxL ;/sf/ hgk|ltlglwx?sf] ;ef 8fSg] cfjZostf t :jLsf/
u5{g\ t/ s'g} klg xfntdf rfx“b}g ls o:tf] ;ef hg;ef cyjf ;+ljwfg ;ef
xf];\ . olb a'lnlug cfof]usf] l/kf]6{af/] ;dfrf/ kqx?df k|sflzt va/x?df
ljZjf; ug{] xf] eg] o:tf] nfU5 ls hf/zfxL ;/sf/ Ps ;Nnfxsf/ ;ef t 8fSg tof/ 5
t/ o; ;efsf] r'gfjdf k|rf/ :jtGqtf lbg rfxb}g / ;Lldt bfo/fleq cyjf ;+s'lrt
ju{k4ltsf] cfwf/df o:tf] r'gfj u/fpg rfxG5 . qmflGtsf/L ;j{xf/fju{, h;sf]
g]t[Tjdf ;fdflhs hgjfbLx? plePsf 5g\, of] dfu ub{5g\ ls ;Dk"0f{ ;Qf
;+ljwfg ;efsf] xftdf ;'lDkof];\ / o; p2]Zok"lt{sf] nflu pm ;fljs dtflwsf/
/ k|rf/ cfGbf]ng ;DaGwL k"0f{ :jtGqtf k|fKt ug{] sf]lz; dfq gu/]/ cljnDa
hf/zfxL ;/sf/ pN6fP/ To;sf] :yfgdf Ps c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/ :yfkgf ug{sf]
nflu x/;Dej k|of; ub{}5 . cGTodf pbf/jfbL a'h{'jfju{ 5, h;sf cfsf+Iffx?
tyfslyt ;+j}wflgs hgjfbL kf6L{sf g]tfx? JoQm ub{}5g\, pgLx? hf/zfxL ;/sf/sf]
pGd"ngsf] dfu ub{}gg\, c:yfoL ;/sf/sf] dfu cufl8 /fVb}gg\, k|ltlglw
;efnfO{ jf:tljs hg;ef / jf:tljs ;+ljwfg ;ef agfpgsf] nflu r'gfj k"0f{
:jtGqtf tyf OdfGbf/Lk"j{s ;DkGg xf];\ eGg] Uof/]06Lsf] dfu ub{}gg\ .
jf:tljs s'/f t s] xf] eg] pbf/jfbL a'h{'jfju{ hf] cf:eafHb]lgP wf/fsf] Ps dfq
7f]; ;fdflhs cfwf/ xf], hf/ / qmflGtsf/L hgtfaLr oyf;Dej zflGtk"0f{
;DemF}tf u/fpg] sf]lz; ub{}5, cem To;dfly o; ;Demf}tfnfO{ To:tf] ?k lbg rfxG5
h;df ;s];Dd a9L ;Qf p;n], cyf{t\ a'h{'jfju{n] kfcf];\ / ;s];Dd sd ;Qf
qmflGtsf/L hgtfn], ;j{xf/fju{ tyf ls;fgx?n] kfpg\ .
oxL xf] jt{dfg /fhg}lts
l:ylt . oL g} x'g\ tL tLg d'Vo /fhg}lts wf/fx? h'g cfw'lgs ?;sf tLg d'Vo
;fdflhs zlQmx? cg'?k 5g\ . xfdLn] w]/}kN6 k|n]tfl/O -c+s #, $, %_ df
b]vfO;s]sf 5f}+ s;/L cf:eafHb]lgP jfnfx? qmflGtk|lt cfkm\gf] cw'/f] cyf{t\ l;wf
/ :ki6 ?kdf eGg] xf] eg], 3f]/ ljZjf;3ftL gLlt n'sfpgsf] nflu tyfslyt hgjfbL
zAbf8Da/sf] k|of]u ub{}5g\ . ca x]/f}+, ;fdflhs hgjfbLx? jt{dfg sfo{ef/sf]
d"Nof+sg s;/L ub{}5g\ . o;sf] nflu xfdL tL b'O{ k|:tfjx?df lgs}
dxTjk"0f{ ;fdu|Lx? e]§fp“5f}+, h'g xfn} dfq ;DkGg ePsf /l;ofnL ;fdflhs
hgjfbL dhb"/ kf6L{sf] t];|f] dxflwj]zg / kf6L{af6 5'l§P/ uPsf] u'6sf]
;Dd]ngdf kfl/t ePsf lyP . of] s'/f 7Dofpg' lgs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 ls oL
k|:tfjx?dWo] s'g rflx+df /fhg}lts l:yltsf] a9L ;xL d"Nof+sg ul/Psf] 5 /
qmflGtsf/L ;j{xf/fju{sf] sfo{gLlt a9L ;xL ?kdf lgwf{l/t ul/Psf] 5 . s'g}
klg ;fdflhs hgjfbLn] hf] Ps k|rf/s, cfGbf]ngstf{ / ;+u7ssf] ?kdf cfkm\gf]
st{Jox? ;r]tg ?kdf k"/f ug{ rfxG5, p;n] jf:tljs k|;+u;+u ;DalGwt gePsf ;a}
s'/fx?nfO{ cnUofP/ a8f] Wofgk"j{s o;k|Zgsf] cWoog ug{'k5{ .
kf6L{ sfo{gLltsf] cy{ xf]
kf6L{sf] /fhg}lts cfr/0f cyf{t\ p;sf] /fhg}lts ultljlwsf] rl/q, lbzf tyf
t/Lsfx? . kf6L{ dxflwj]zgdf o; lgldQ sfo{gLlt ;DaGwL k|:tfjx? kfl/t x'G5g\
ls gof“ sfo{ef/x?sf] k|;+udf cyjf gof“ /fhg}lts kl/l:yltdfly Wofg lb+b}
k"/f kf6L{sf] /fhg}lts cfr/0f lgwf{l/t ul/of];\ . ?;df z'? ePsf]
qmflGtn] Ps gof“ kl/l:ylt k}bf ul/lbPsf] 5, cyf{t\ hgtfsf] Jofks ax'dt /
hf/zfxL ;/sf/aLr k"0f{ b[9tfk"j{s ;DaGw ljR5]b x'g uPsf] 5 .
gof“ k|Zg o; s'/fdf lglxt 5 ls Ps jf:tljs /fi6«JofkL tyf jf:tljs ;+ljwfg ;ef
8fSgsf] nflu s] s:tf Jojxfl/s sbdx? p7fOg' k5{ . -o; lsl;dsf] ;ef;+u
;DalGwt ;}4flGts k|Zgsf] pQ/ ;fdflhs hgjfbn] w]/} cufl8g} c? ;a} kf6L{x?n] eGbf
cufl8 g} cfkm\gf] kf6L{ sfo{qmddf k|:t't ul/;s]sf] 5_ . olb hgtfn]
;/sf/;+u ;DaGw tf]8]sf] 5 / cfd hgtfn] Ps gof“ Joj:yf sfod ug{] cfjZostf
dx;"; ul/;s]sf 5g\ eg], To; kf6L{n] h;n] cfkm\gf] cufl8 ;/sf/ pN6fpg]
p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5, p;n] cjZo klg o; s'/fdfly ljrf/ ug{'k5{ ls k'/fgf], pGd"lnt
;/sf/sf] :yfgdf s:tf] gof“ ;/sf/ u7g ug{] xf] . c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L
;/sf/af/] Ps gof“ k|Zg cufl8 cfp“5 . o; k|Zgsf] k"0f{ pQ/ lbgsf] nflu
;r]tg ;j{xf/fju{sf] kf6L{n] oL s'/fx? :ki6 ug{'k5{– -!_ jt{dfg qmflGtdf / cfd
?kdf ;j{xf/fju{sf ;a} ;+3if{x?df c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/sf] dxTj, -@_ c:yfoL
qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/k|lt cfkm\gf] b[li6sf]0f -#_ o; ;/sf/df ;fdflhs hgjfbLx?sf]
;xefusf] nflu lglZrt zt{x? -$_ s'g kl/l:yltdf cyf{t\ o; ;/sf/df ;fdflhs
hgjfbLx? cg'kl:yt /x]sf v08df s;/L tnaf6 bjfj lbg] xf] . oL ;a} k|Zgx? :ki6
kfl/;s]kl5 dfq o; IF]qdf kf6L{sf] /fhg}lts cfr/0f l;4fGtlgi7, :ki6 tyf b[9 x'g
;S5 .
ca x]/f}+ /l;ofnL ;fdflhs
hgjfbL dhb"/ kf6L{sf] t];|f] dxflwj]zgåf/f kfl/t k|:tfjdf oL k|Zgx?sf]
;dfwfg s;/L ul/Psf] 5 . xfdL oxf“ k"/f k|:tfj p4[t ub{}5f}+–
c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/af/] k|:tfj o; lgldQ ls–
!= ;j{xf/fju{sf] tfTsflng
xLtx?sf] ;fy;fy} ;dfhjfbsf clGtd p2]Zox?sf] nflu p;sf] ;+3if{sf] lxtfy{ oyf;Dej
k"0f{td /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf] cfjZostf 5, t;y{ PstflGqs Joj:yfsf] :yfgdf
hgjfbL u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf x'g'k5{ .
@= ?;df hgjfbL u0ftGqsf]
:yfkgf hgtfsf] ;kmn ljb|f]x kmn:j?k dfq ;Dej 5 / h;sf] ;fwg c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L
;/sf/ x'g] 5, hf] Ps dfq To:tf] ;+:yf xf] h;n] r'gfj cfGbf]ngsf] bf}/fgdf
k"0f{ :jtGqtfsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;S5 / ;fljs tyf ;dfg dtflwsf/, k|ToIf Pj+
uf]Ko dtbfgsf] cfwf/df hgtfsf] jf:tljs cfsf+Iff cleJoQm ug{ ;dy{ ;+ljwfg ;ef
8fSg ;S5,
#= jt{dfg ;fdflhs Pj+
cfly{s Joj:yf cGtu{t ?;df o; hgjfbL qmflGtn] a'h{'jfju{sf] zf;g sdhf]/ kfb{}g,
clkt' a9L dha"t agfp“5 / a'h{'jfju{n] lglZrt cjlwdf uP/ cjZo klg ?;sf]
;j{xf/fju{n] qmflGtsf] bf}/fgdf k|fKt u/]sf oyf;Dej clwsflws pknlAwx? vf]:g]
sf]lz; ug{]5 / o;sf] nflu s]xL ug{ af“sL /fVg] 5}g .
/l;ofnL ;fdflhs hgjfbL
dhb"/ kf6L{ lgDg lg0f{ox? lnG5–
-s_ dhb"/ju{aLr
qmflGtsf] ;jf{lws ;Defljt ljsf; qmd tyf qmflGtsf] lglZrt cjlwdf uP/ qmflGtsf/L
c:yfoL ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf cfjZos x'g hfg]af/] 7f]; wf/0ff k|;f/ ug{' cfjZos 5 / o;
;/sf/;+u ;j{xf/fju{n] xfd|f] sfo{qmddf -Go"gtd sfo{qmddf_ ;lDdlnt ;d:t
tfTsflns /fhg}lts Pj+ cfly{s dfux? k"/f ug{] dfu cufl8 /fVg] 5,
-v_ zlQmx?sf] kf/:kl/s
;DaGw Pj+ cGo sf/0fx?, h;af/] cufl8 g} s]xL eGg ;lsGg, cg's"n ePsf] v08df
xfd|f kf6L{sf k|ltlglwx?n] ;d:t qmflGt lj/f]wL k|of;x?sf] lj?4 lgd{d ;+3if{
rnfpg / dhb"/ju{sf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/df efu
lng ;S5g\
-u_ ;/sf/df o; k|sf/n]
dfu ln+bf Ps cfjZos ;t{ of] x'g hfG5 ls kf6L{n] cfkm\gf k|ltlglwx?dfly s7f]/
lgoGq0f /fvf];\ / ;fdflhs hgjfbL kf6L{sf] :jtGqtf, h'g kf6L{ k"0f{
;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] nflu k|oTgzLn 5 / :jefjtM s'g} klg a'h{'jf kf6L{;+u s'g} klg
k|sf/sf] d]n ldnfk ug{ ;Sb}g, lg/Gt/ ?kdf cIf'0f /flvof];\ .
-3_ c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L
;/sf/df ;fdflhs hgjfbLx?sf] ;xefu ;Dej xf];\ cyjf gxf];\, xfdLn] Jofkstd
;j{xf/f ;d"xaLr of] s'/f k|rf/ ug{'k5{ ls qmflGtsf pknlAwx?sf] ;+/If0f,
;'b[9Ls/0f Pj+ ;Daw{gsf] nflu ;fdflhs hgjfbL kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;z:q
;j{xf/fju{n] c:yfoL ;/sf/dfly lg/Gt/ bjfj lbO/xg' cfjZos 5 .
c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/af/] /l;ofnL ;fdflhs hgjfbL dhb"/
kf6L{sf] t];|f] dxflwj]zgåf/f k|:t't k|:tfjn] xfdLnfO{ s] l;sfp“5 <c:yfoL
qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/af/] /l;ofnL ;fdflhs hgjfbL dhb"/ kf6L{sf] t];|f]
dxflwj]zgåf/f k|:t't k|:tfjn] xfdLnfO{ s] l;sfp“5 <
zLif{saf6 g} :ki6 x'G5 ls
/l;ofnL ;fdflhs hgjfbL dhb"/ kf6L{sf] t];|f] dxflwj]zgåf/f kfl/t k|:tfj
k"0f{ c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/df efu lng ;S5g\ ls ;Sb}gg\ eGg] k|Zg oxf“
;Dk"0f{ k|Zgsf] Ps efusf] ?kdf ;lDdlnt 5 . csf{]tkm{, oxf“ dfq c:yfoL
qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/af/] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5, c? s'g} ljifoaf/] xf]Og, :jefjtM oxf“
pbfx/0ffy{, cfd ?kdf ;Qf xfl;n ug{] h:tf k|Zgx?af/] s'g} rrf{ ul/Psf]
5}g . s] dxflwj]zgn] of] k|Zg / o:t} c? k|Zgx?dfly ljrf/ gu/]/ 7Ls u/]sf]
5 < lg;Gb]x of] plrt lg0f{o xf] lsgeg] ?;sf] /fhg}lts d+rdf o:tf k|Zgx?
tfTsflng ;d:ofx?sf] ?kdf cufl8 cfPsf 5}gg\ . o;sf] ljkl/t xfn ;d:t hgtfn]
PstGqsf] pGd"ng u/]/ ;+ljwfg ;ef 8fSg] dfu cufl8 /fv]sf 5g\ . kf6L{
dxflwj]zgx?df o:tf k|Zgx? ;dfwfgsf] nflu p7fOg' x'Gg h'g s'g} n]vsn] plrt jf
cg'lrt ;dodf sxL+ pNn]v ul/lbPsf] xf];\ clkt' To:tf k|Zgx? p7fOg' k5{ h;n]
jt{dfg kl/l:ylt tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] j:t'ut qmdn] ubf{ cfwf/e"t /fhg}lts
dxTj /fv"g\ .
jt{dfg qmflGtdf /
;j{xf/fju{sf] cfd ;+3if{df g} c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/sf] s'g dxTj 5 <
dxflwj]zgsf] k|:tfjdf z'?d} ;j{xf/fju{sf] tfTsflns xLt / ;dfhjfbsf clGtd
p2]Zox? b'j}nfO{ b[li6sf]0fdf /fv]/ oyf;Dej k"0f{td /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf]
cfjZostfk|lt ;+s]t ub{}f of] s'/f a'emfOPsf] 5 . k"0f{ /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf]
nflu hf/zfxL PstGqLo zf;gsf] :yfgdf hgjfbL u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf cfjZos 5, xfd|f]
kf6L{ sfo{qmddf o;af/] pNn]v e};s]sf] 5 . dxflwj]zgsf] k|:tfjdf hgjfbL
u0ftGqsf] gf/fdfly hf]8 lbg' tfls{s b[li6sf]0faf6 / ;}4flGts b[li6sf]0faf6 b'j}
b[li6sf]0faf6 cfjZos lyof], lsgeg] k|hftGqsf] nflu k|d'v ;+3if{stf{sf] ?kdf
;j{xf/fju{ k"0f{ :jtGqtfsf] nflu ;+3if{ ub{}5, o; afx]s jt{dfg sfndf o;
s'/fdfly hf]8 lbg' o; lgldQ klg a9L cfjZos 5 ls 7Ls o;}a]nf xfd|f] b]zdf
/fhtGqjfbL cyf{t\ tyfslyt ;+j}wflgs hgjfbL kf6L{, cf:eafHb]lgP kf6L{ jfnfx?,
hgjfbsf] em08f lnP/ cufl8 a9\b}5g\ . u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfsf] nflu lg;Gb]x
hgk|ltlglw ;efsf] cfjZostf 5, To;dfly klg o:tf] ;ef /fi6«JofkL -;flj{s tyf ;dfg
dtflwsf/, k|ToIf r'gfj tyf uf]Ko dtbfgsf] cfwf/df lgjf{lrt_ tyf ;+ljwfg ;ef
x'g'k5{ . of] s'/f klg cufl8 uP/ k|:tfjdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . t/
k|:tfj olQs}df ;Lldt 5}g . To:tf] gof“ Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{sf] nflu h;n]
jf:tljs hgcfsf+Iff cleJoQm u/f];\ k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ ;+ljwfg ;ef elglbP/
k'Ub}g . o; ;efnfO{ ;+ljwfg agfpg] clwsf/ tyf zlQm k|fKt x'g'k5{ .
o;} s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cf}krfl/s gf/fdf g} k|:tfjnfO{ ;Lldt
/flvPsf] 5}g, clkt' o;df tL ef}lts kl/l:yltx? klg uflePsf 5g\ h;sf] pkl:yltdf
dfq o; ;efn] jf:tljs ?kdf cfkm\gf] sfo{ef/ k"/f ug{ ;S5 . tL
kl/l:yltx?sf] ljlzi6 ?kdf pNn]v ug{' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 h;sf] pkl:yltdf dfq o:tf]
;ef tyfslyt ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 jf:tljs ;+ljwfg ;efdf kl/0ft x'g ;S5 cyf{t\ h:tf]
xfdLn] w]/}kN6 elg;s]sf 5f}+, pbf/jfbL a'h{'jfju{, h;sf] k|ltlglwTj ;+j}wflgs
/fhtGqjfbL kf6L{ ub{}5, hfgL hfgL hg;+ljwfg ;efsf] gf/fnfO{ ljs[t ?kdf k|:t't
ub{}5 / o;nfO{ dfq vf]qmf] zAbf8Da/df kl/0ft ug{ rfxG5 .
dxflwj]zgsf] k|:tfjdf
elgPsf] 5 ls dfq c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/n] hf] lg;Gb]x ljhoL hgljb|f]xsf]
cleJolQmsf] dfWod x'g] 5, r'gfj cfGbf]ngdf k"0f{ k|rf/ :jtGqtfsf] Uof/]G6L
lbg ;S5 / Ps To:tf] ;efsf] cfof]hgf ug{ ;S5 h;n] ;f“RrL g} hgtfsf] OR5f JoQm
u/f];\ . s] of] s'/f 7Ls xf] < h;n] o; tYosf] lj/f]w ug{] cf“6 u5{
To;n] of] k|dfl0ft ug{'kg{] 5 ls hf/zfxL ;/sf/n] k|ltlqmofjfbL kIfsf] ;fy glbg
klg ;S5, r'gfjsf] bf}/fgdf lgikIf /xg ;S5 / o; s'/fsf] k|aGw ug{ ;S5 h;n] ubf{
jF:tjdf hgtfsf] OR5f JoQm xf];\ . o:tf egfOx? olt d'v{tfk"0f{ 5g\ ls
s;}n] klg v'Nnf ?kdf o:tf] ljrf/ JoQm ug{] ;fx; ug{ ;Sb}g, t/ xfd|f
cf:eafHb]lgPjfbLx? pbf/jfbL d's'08f]leq n'sfP/ o:tf ljrf/x? cl3 ;fb{}5g\ .
s;}n] ;+ljwfg ;ef 8fSg' k5{, s;}n] o; s'/fsf] Uof/]G6L lng' k5{ ls r'gfjx?
:jtGq / OdfGbf/Lk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf ;DkGg x'g]5g\, s;}n] o; ;efnfO{ zlQm /
;Qf k"0f{ ?kdf ;'Dkg' k5{ . ljb|f]xsf] ;fwg ag]sf] qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/n]
dfq k"0f{ OdfGbf/L;fy o:tf] OR5f /fVg ;S5 / o;nfO{ k"/f ug{sf] nflu
cfjZos sbd p7fpg] 5 . hf/zfxL ;/sf/n] clgjfo{ ?kdf o;sf] lj?4 sbd p7fpg]
5 . pbf/jfbL ;/sf/, h;n] hf/;+u ;Demf}tf ug{]5 / hf] k"0f{ ?kn]
hgljb|f]xdfly e/ kg{ ;Sb}g, OdfGbf/Lk"j{s of] s'/f rfxg ;Sb}g / olb p;n]
OdfGbf/Lk"j{s rfx] klg k"/f ug{ ;Sb}g . t;y{ dxflwj]zgsf]
k|:tfjdf Ps dfq ;xL / k"0f{tM ;';+ut k|hftflGqs gf/f k|:t't ul/Psf]
5 .
t/ olb hgjfbL qmflGtsf]
juL{o rl/qdfly Wofg glbg] xf] eg] c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/sf] dxTjsf]
d"Nof+sg ck"0f{ tyf em'7f] 7xl/g]5 . t;y{, k|:tfjdf of] s'/f klg
ylkPsf] 5 ls qmflGtn] a'h{'jfju{sf] k|e'TjnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg] 5 . jt{dfg,
cyf{t\ k""“hLjfbL ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{s Joj:yf cGtu{t of] cjZo+efjL
5 . ;j{xf/fju{dfly h;n] s'g} xb;Dd /fhg}lts :jtGqtf k|fKt ul/;s]sf] 5,
a'h{'jfju{sf] k|e'Tj ;'b[9 x'g'sf] cy{ clgjfo{ ?kdf of] x'g hfG5 ls pgLx? aLr
;+3if{ x'g]5 h; cGtu{t a'h{'jfju{n] ;Dk"0f{ zlQm nufP/ qmflGtsf/L o'udf
;j{xf/fju{n] xfl;n u/]sf pknlAwx? vf]:g] sf]lz; ug{]5 . t;y{ ;j{xf/fju{n]
hf] ;a}eGbf cu|k+lQmdf / ;a}eGbf k|d'v ?kdf k|hftGqsf] nflu ;+3if{ ub{} 5, Ps
ldg]6sf] nflu klg of] la;{g' x'Gg ls a'h{'jf hgjfbsf] ue{df gof“ cGt/lj/f]wx? /
gof“ ;+3if{x? n's]/ /x]sf 5g\ .
o; k|sf/n] k|:tfjsf] h'g
efudfly xfdLn] ev{/} dfq ljrf/ u¥of}+ To;df :jtGqtfsf] lgldQ tyf hg;+3if{sf]
lgldQ ;+3if{sf] ;Gbe{df ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;Gbe{df / hgjfbL qmflGtsf] k|;+udf hf]
Ps gof“ ju{;+3if{sf] nflu cfwf/ tof/ ub{}5, c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/sf]
dxTjk"0f{ ?kdf d"Nof+sg ul/Psf] 5 .
o;kl5 k|Zg p7\5 ls c:yfoL
qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/k|lt cfd ?kdf ;j{xf/fju{sf] b[li6sf]0f s:tf] x'g'k5{ < o;
k|Zgsf] pQ/sf] ?kdf dxflwj]zgsf] k|:tfjdf ;a}eGbf klxn] kf6L{nfO{ of] ;Nnfx
lbOPsf] 5 ls dhb"/ju{ aLr c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/sf] cfjZostfaf/] ljZjf;
km}nfpg' h?/L 5 . dhb"/ju{n] of] cfjZostf a'‰g' k5{ . To;a]nf,
ha hgjfbL a'h{'jfju{ hf/zfxL ;/sf/sf] tVtf pN6fpg] k|Zg ;a}eGbf kl5 ;f5{,
xfdLn] of] k|Zg ;a}eGbf cufl8 ;fg{'k5{ / c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/sf]
cfjZostfdfly hf]8 lbg' k5{ . olt dfq geP/ xfdLn] o; ;/sf/sf] nflu To:tf]
sfo{qmd tof/ kfg{' k5{ h'g jt{dfg P]ltxfl;s kl/l:yltx? Pj+ ;j{xf/f hgjfbsf
p2]Zox? cg's"n xf];\ . of] sfo{qmd xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;Dk"0f{
clgjfo{ Go"gtd sfo{qmd xf], To; tfTsflns /fhg}lts Pj+ cfly{s ;'wf/x?sf]
sfo{qmd xf] h'g Psftkm{af6 t jt{dfg ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ;DaGwx?sf] cfwf/df
k"0f{tM nfu" ug{ ;lsG5 / bf];|f] tkm{af6 eflj sbdsf] nflu, ;dfhjfbsf]
:yfkgfsf] nflu cfjZos 5 .
o; k|sf/n] k|:tfjdf
c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/sf] rl/q Pj+ p2]Zox? k"0f{tM :ki6 ?kdf k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 . cfkm\gf] pTklQ Pj+ cfwf/e"t rl/qn] ubf{ of] ;/sf/
hgljb|f]xsf] ;fwg aGg'k5{ . cfkm\gf] cf}krfl/s p2]Zo cg';f/ o;n] hg;+ljwfg
;ef 8fSg] ;fwgsf] ?kdf sfd ug{'k5{ . cfkm\gf] lqmofsnfksf] ;f/tTj cg';f/
o;n] ;j{xf/f hgjfbsf] Go"gtd sfo{qmd sfof{lGjt ug{'k5{, h'g PstGqsf] lj?4
;+3if{/t hgtfsf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{;Sg] Ps dfq sfo{qmd xf] .
o:tf] bnLn k]z ug{ ;S5g\
ls c:yfoL ;/sf/ dfq c:yfoL ePsf] x'gfn] Tof] /rgfTds sfo{qmd k"/f ug{
;Sb}g, h;nfO{ cem k"/f hgtfn] cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5}g . o; k|sf/sf]
bnLn k|ltlqmofjfbLx? tyf lg/+s'ztfjfbLx?sf] s'ts{ dfq 7xl/g] 5 . s'g} klg
/rgfTds sfo{qmd sfof{lGjt gug{'sf] cy{ x'g hfG5 s'lxPsf] PstGqL zf;gsf], ;fdGtL
Joj:yfsf] cl:tTj ;x]/ a:g' . o; k|sf/sf] Joj:yf qmflGtk|lt u2f/L ug{]
;/sf/sf] nflu dfq ;x\o x'g ;S5, t/ hgljb|f]xsf] ;fwg ag]sf] ;/sf/sf] nflu ;x\o
x'g ;Sb}g . x'g ;S5 s;}n] o:tf] k|:tfj /fVnf– ha;Dd ;+ljwfg ;efn] e]nf
x'g] :jtGqtf lb+b}g ta;Dd xfdL ;efx?sf] cfof]hgf gu/f}+, x'g ;S5 zfob ;+ljwfg
;efn] e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf glbg] xf] ls † o:tf] k|:tfj dfq pkxf; 7xl/g
hfg]5 . c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/åf/f cljnDa Go"gtd sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog
ug{] k|:tfjsf] lj/f]w klg o:t} pkxf; dfq xf] .
cGTodf xfdL of] eG5f}+ ls
Go"gtd sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{] cleef/f c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/nfO{ ;'Dk]/
k|:tfjdf ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] nflu ;Qf cljnDa xftdf lng], cljnDa clwstd sfo{qmd
k"/f ug{] h:tf d'v{tfk"0f{, cw{c/fhstfjfbL ljrf/x?nfO{ vtd kfl/Psf]
5 . ?;sf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] :t/ -Ps j:t'ut kl/l:ylt_ / Jofks ;j{xf/f
hg;d'bfosf] ju{ r]tgf / ;+u7gsf] :t/n] ubf{ -h'g Ps cfTdut kl/l:ylt xf] / hf]
j:t'ut kl/l:ylt;+u cleGg ?kdf ;DalGwt 5_ dhb"/ju{sf] cljnDa / k"0f{
d'lQm c;Dej 5 . dfq k"0f{tM cgle1 JolQmx?n] jt{dfg qmflGtsf] a'h{'jf
rl/qsf] pk]Iff ug{ ;S5g\, dfq cToGt ;/n cfzfjfbLx?n] of] s'/f la;{g ;S5g\ ls
cfd dhb"/x?nfO{ ;dfhjfbsf p2]Zox? / oL p2]Zox? xfl;n ug{] tl/sfx?af/] cem
slt sd hfgsf/L 5 . xfdL ;a} rflx+ o; s'/fdf ljZj:t 5f}+ ls dhb"/x?sf]
d'lQm :jod\ dhb"/x?sf] xftsf] s'/f xf], ha;Dd hg;d"x ju{ r]tg /
;+ul7t x'“b}gg\, ha;Dd ;Dk"0f{ a'h{'jfju{;+usf] v'Nnf ju{;+3if{df pgLx?
tof/ x'“b}gg\ / vfl/b}gg\ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtaf/] s'g} s'/} x'g ;Sb}g . xfdL
;dfhjfbL qmflGtnfO{ kG5fp“b} 5f}+ eGg] h:tf c/fhstfjfbL cfklQx?sf] pQ/df xfdL eG5f}+
xfdL ;dfhjfbL qmflGtnfO{ kG5fO/x]sf 5}gf}+ clkt' Ps dfq ;Dej tl/sfn], Ps dfq
plrt dfu{åf/f cyf{t\ hgjfbL u0ftGqsf] dfu{åf/f o; lbzftkm{ klxnf] sbd
rfNb}5f}+ . hf] s'g} csf{] af6f]åf/f, /fhg}lts hgjfb afx]s c? s'g}
af6f]af6 ;dfhjfb;Dd k'Ug rfxG5, pm clgjfo{tM To:tf glthfx?df k'Ug] 5, hf]
cfly{s tyf /fhg}lts, b'j} b[li6sf]0fn] d'v{tfk"0f{ tyf k|ltlqmofjfbL
7xl/g] 5g\ . olb s'g} dhb"/n] lglZrt ;dodf uP/ xfdLnfO{ o:tf] k|Zg
;f]w]sf] v08df ls lsg xfdLn] clwstd sfo{qmd k"/f gug{] xf], xfdL hjfkmsf]
?kdf p;nfO{ tL tYox?tkm{ cf}+Nofpg] 5f}+ h;af6 :ki6 b]lvG5 ls k|hftflGqs
ljrf/wf/f /fVg] hg;d"x cem ;dfhjfbaf6 slt 6f9f 5, juL{o k|ltåGbLtf cem slt
cljsl;t 5, ;j{xf/fju{ cem slt c;+ul7t 5 . ;d:t ?;el/ nfvf}+
dhb"/x?nfO{ ;+ul7t ugf{];\, xfd|f] sfo{qmdk|lt nfvf}+ s/f]8f}+ dflg;x?sf]
;xfg'e"lt k|fKt ugf{];\ †, t8se8sk"0f{, t/ vf]qmf c/fhstfjfbL
zAbf8Da/df g} cfkm"nfO{ ;LLdt g/fv]/ of] sfd ug{] sf]lz; u/]/ x]gf{];\ t
ca tkfO{n] t'?Gt} of] s'/f a'lemxfNg' x'g]5 ls o:tf] ;+u7g agfpgsf] nflu, o:tf]
;dfhjfbL ljrf/wf/f km}nfpgsf nflu xfdLn] oyf;Dej k"0f{td hgjfbL ;'wf/
nfu" ug{'k5{ .
cfpgf];\, ca cufl8
a9f}+ . c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/sf] dxTj / o; ;/sf/k|lt ;j{xf/fju{sf]
b[li6sf]0f :ki6 e};s]kl5 o:tf] k|Zg p7\5 s] xfdL o:tf] ;/sf/df efu lng ;S5f}+
-dflyaf6 sfjf{xL_ / efulng ;lsG5 eg] s'g zt{df < tnaf6 xfdLn] s:tf] sfjf{xL
ug{'k5{ < k|:tfjdf oL b'j} k|Zgsf] 7Ls 7Ls pQ/ lbOPsf] 5 . k|:tfjdf
lg0ff{os ?kdf of] s'/f elgPsf] 5 ls l;4fGttM c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/df ;fdflhs
hgjfbLx?sf] ;xefu plrt 5 . -hgjfbL qmflGtsf] a]nfdf, u0ftGqsf] nflu
;+3if{sf] a]nfdf_ o; 3f]if0ffåf/f xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{ c/fhstfjfbLx?af6 ;bfsf]
nflu 5'6\ofPsf 5f}+, hf] l;4fGttM o; k|Zgsf] gsf/fTds pQ/ lbG5g\, ;fy} xfdLn]
;fdflhs hgjfbLx?aLr kfOg] tL k'R5/jfbLx?af6 klg -dftL{ge tyf gjO:qmfkGyLx?
h:tf_ 5'6\ofPsf 5f}+, h;n] xfdLnfO{ To:tf] kl/l:yltsf] ;Defjgfaf6 t;f{pg]
sf]lz; u/]sf 5g\ h;df uP/ xfdLn] ;/sf/df efu lng cfjZos x'g hfg]5 . o;
3f]if0ffåf/f /l;ofnL ;fdflhs hgjfbL dhb"/ kf6L{sf] t];|f] dxflwj]zgn]
;bfsf] nflu gof“ O:qmfdf cleJoQm To; ljrf/nfO{ nTofOlbPsf] 5 h;cg';f/ c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L
;/sf/df ;fdflhs hgjfbLx?sf] ;xefu Ps lsl;dsf] ldn]/f“jfb 7xl/g hfg]5, o:tf]
;xefu l;4fGttM cg'lrt 7xl/g hfg]5 lsgeg] of] a'h{'jf Joj:yfsf] cf}lrTo k|dfl0ft
ug{'x'g]5 cflb .
t/ :jtMl;4 s'/f xf] ls ;}4flGts cf}lrTon] Jojxfl/s
cfjZostf ;DaGwL ;d:of xn ub{}g . ;+3if{sf] of] gof“ tl/sf kf6L{
dxflwj]zgåf/f :jLs[t dflyaf6 ul/g] of] ;+3if{ s:tf] kl/l:yltdf plrt x'G5 <
:jtMl;4 s'/f xf] ls clxn] 7f]; kl/l:yltaf/], zlQm;Gt'ng cflbaf/] s'/f ug{'
c;Dej 5 / :jefjtM k|:tfjdf cufl8 g} o:tf kl/l:yltx?sf] JofVof ul/Psf]
5}g . s'g} klg ;dembf/ JolQmn] o; a]nf o; ljifoaf/] s'g} klg eljiojf0fL
ug{] ;fx; ug{ ;Sb}g . h'g s'/f xfdL ug{ ;S5f}+ / h'g s'/f xfdLn] ug{'k5{
Tof] xf] xfd|f] ;xefusf] rl/q / p2]Zo lgwf{/0f ug{' . k|:tfjdf 7Ls oxL
s'/f ul/Psf] 5 / xfd|f] ;xefusf] b'O{ p2]Zox? pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ -!_ qmflGt
lj/f]wL k|of;x?sf] lj?4 lgd{d ;+3if{ / -@_ dhb"/ju{sf] :jtGq lxtsf]
;+/If0f . To:tf] a]nf ha pbf/jfbL a'h{'jfju{ qmflGtsf/L hgtfnfO{ t;f{pg] /
p;df PstGqsf] cufl8 em'Sg] efjgf k}bf u/fpg] p2]Zon] k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf]
dgf]j[lqaf/] a8f] hf]8bf/ ?kdf s'/f ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ cf:eafHb]lgPsf] c+s &!
df >Ldfg :q'e]sf] cToGt lzIffk|b -v'Nnfkq x]gf{];\_ o:tf] a]nf ;j{xf/f
kf6L{sf] nflu k|ltqmflGtsf] lj?4 Ps jf:tljs n8fO{ z'? ug{] cfjZostftkm{ Wofg
cfslif{t ug{' ljz]if pko'Qm x'g]5 . cGTodf uP/ /fhg}lts :jtGqtf /
ju{;+3if{ ;DaGwL 7"N7"nf ;d:ofx? zlQmsf] cfwf/df g} ;dfwfg x'G5g\ /
of] xfd|f] sfd xf] ls xfdL o:tf zlQmx?nfO{ tof/ u/f}+ tyf ;+ul7t u/f}+,
;+/If0fsf] nflu dfq geP/ cfqmd0fsf] nflu ;d]t logLx?nfO{ ;lqmo ?kdf k|of]u
u/f}+ . o'/f]kdf /fhg}lts k|ltlqmofsf] nfdf] zf;gn], h'g k]l/; sDo'gsf]
;dob]lv g} em08} lg/Gt/ ?kdf sfod /x“b} cfPsf] 5, xfdLnfO{ o; wf/0ffk|lt cEo:t
agfOlbPsf] 5 ls s'g} klg sbd tn}af6 dfq rfNg ;lsG5 / o;n] xfdLnfO{ ;+/IffTds
;+3if{ ug{] s8f afgL a;flnlbPsf] 5 . lg;Gb]x ca xfdLn] Ps gof“ o'udf k|j]z
ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . ca /fhg}lts pynk'yn / qmflGtx?sf] o'u z'? e};s]sf]
5 . cfh Ps To:tf] o'udf h'g o'uaf6 ?; u'h|b} 5, xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{
k'/fgf] 9/f{df ;Lldt /fVg' 7Ls x'“b}g . dflyaf6 sfd ug{] ljrf/sf] k|rf/
ug{'k5{, hf]8bf/ cfqmfds sfjf{xLsf] nflu tof/L ug{'k5{, o:tf sfjf{xLx?sf] nflu
cfjZos zt{ / ?kx?sf] cWoog ug{'k5{ . dxflwj]zgsf] k|:tfjdf o:tf zt{x?dWo]
b'O{ zt{nfO{ k|d'v :yfg lbOPsf] 5 . Ps zt{ c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/df
;fdflhs hgjfbLx?sf] ;xefusf] cf}krfl/s kIf;+u ;DalGwt 5 -cfkm\gf k|ltlglwx?dfly
kf6L{sf] s7f]/ lgoGq0f_ / bf];|f] zt{ o; ;xefusf] rl/q;+u ;DalGwt 5 -k"0f{
;dfhjfbL qmflGtnfO{ Jojxf/df k"/f ug{] p2]Zo Ps l5gsf] nflu gla;{g'_
o; lsl;dn] dflyaf6
sfjf{xL;+u ;DalGwt h'g ;+3if{sf] gof“ / k"0f{tM ce"tk"j{ t/Lsf
xf]– kf6L{ gLltsf] k|To]s kIf a'lem;s]kl5 k|:tfjdf o; ;Defjgfaf/] klg ljrf/
ul/Psf] 5 ls olb xfdLn] dflyaf6 sfjf{xL ug{ ;s]gf}+ eg] s] ug{] xf] .
xfdLn] c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/dfly tnaf6 t h'g;'s} xfntdf klg bjfj k'¥ofpg}
k5{ . tnaf6 of] bjfj k'¥ofpgsf] nflu ;j{xf/fju{ ;z:q x'g'k5{– lsgeg]
qmflGtsfndf 36gfqmd Psbd l56f] ljsl;t eP/ v'Nnf u[xo'4;Dd k'Ug ;S5– / o;sf]
g]t[Tj ;fdflhs hgjfbLx?sf] xftdf x'g'k5{ . o; ;z:q bjfjsf] p2]Zo xf]
qmflGtaf6 pknAw nfesf] ;+/If0f, ;'b[9Ls/0f Pj+ ;Da4{g ug{', cyf{t\ oL To:tf
nfex? x'g\ h'g ;j{xf/fju{sf] lxtsf] b[li6sf]0fn] xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{
Go"gtd sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogleq ;dfj]z x'g'k5{ . olQs}df xfdL c:yfoL
qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/af/] t];|f] dxflwj]zgåf/f kfl/t k|:tfjsf] ;+lIfKt ljZn]if0f
;Sofp“5f}+ . kf7sn] b]lvxfNg' eof], k|:tfjdf o; gof“ k|Zgsf] dxTj :ki6
kfl/Psf] 5, o; k|Zgk|lt ;j{xf/f kf6L{sf] b[li6sf]0f / c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L
;/sf/leq tyf aflx/ kf6L{n] s:tf] gLlt ckgfpg' k5{ eGg] s'/f b]vfOPsf] 5 .
w
-…;ª\slnt /rgf, g]kfnL, efu –@ af6_