cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfblj?4 ;ª\3if{ u/f}+ †

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cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb rf}tkmL{ ;+s6df km;]sf] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts ;f“:s[lts nufotsf cd]l/sL ;dfhsf] k|To]s If]q ;+s6u|:t alg/x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sL cy{tGq Pj+ ;fdflhs Joj:yfsf] ;+s6 qmdzM ulxl/b} uPsf] 5 . Toxf“sf] ljlQo ;+:yf, 7"nf cf}Bf]lus / Jofkfl/s sDkgLx¿ Pj+ ;+:yfgx¿ w/fzfoL aGb} uPsf 5g\ . Psflwsf/jfbL Pg/f]g sDkgLsf] 6f6kN6fO{ / ktgaf6 Jofks / uDeL/ ag]sf] Toxf“sf] cfly{s dGbLsf] >[+vnf ;+qmd0f /f]uem} rf/}lt/ km}ln/x]sf] 5 . Toxf“sf] z]o/ ahf/ Pj+ z]o/ ;'rf+sdf b]lvPsf] lzlyntf / lu/fj6af6 nufgLstf{ k"“hLjfbLx¿ xtf]T;fxL alg/x]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sLx¿ To;nfO{ 9fs5f]k ug]{ sf]lz; ub}{5g\, dfgf} s]xL ePsf] 5}g t/ Toxf“sf] oyfy{tf / jf:tljstf ;fy ;+;f/sf] cufl8 5tf5'Nn alg/x]sf] 5 .

cfly{s dGbLsf] c;/ olta]nf ljZjJofkL ¿kdf 5  . ljZjsf k|foM ;a} k"“hLjfbL d'n'sx¿sf] cy{tGq dGbLsf] aLraf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . ljZjsf] 7"nf] cy{tGqdWo] Ps dflgPsf] hfkfgsf] cy{tGq ljut Psbzsb]lv ynf g} k/]sf] 5 . o'/f]ksf hd{gL, k|mfG;, a]nfot, O6fnLnufotsf sof}+ d'n'sx¿sf] cy{tGqsf] cj:yf cToGt gfh's / lg/fzhgs aGb} uPsf] 5 . PlzofnL af3sf] pkdf kfPsf k"jL{ Plzofsf k"“hLjfbL d'n'sx¿ cfly{s dGbLsf] rk]6faf6 d'Qm x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . dGbLsf] sf/0f tL ;a} d"n's To;df klg ;f/f ljZjs} cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs hLjgdf uDeL/ k|efj k/]sf] 5 . k"“hLjfbLx¿sf] cy{tGq tLj| ultdf cf]/fnf] nflu/x]sf] 5 . Toxf“sf] cfly{s a[l4b/df tLa| lu/fj6 b]lvPsf] 5 . u/Llj / a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;+Vofdf cToflws j[l4, si6s/ aGb} uPsf] hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ tyf wgL / u/Lasf] aLrdf r'lnb} uPsf] vf8n / tL;a}sf] kmn:j¿k ljikmf]6s / ljifd aGb} uPsf] cGtlj{/f]wsf] sf/0f ;fd|fHojfbL ljZj Joj:yf g} uDeL/ ;+s6sf] df]8df plePsf] 5 . cfly{s dGbL, ;+s6, lj>[ªvntf / c/fhstf k"“hLjfbsf] hGdhft ljz]iftf xf] . k"“hLjfbdf cfly{s ;+s6 / lj>[ªvntfx¿ af/Daf/ b]vfkg]{ ub{5g\ . P]ltxfl;s cg'ej / 36gfqmdx¿n] s] s'/fsf] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 eg] k"“hLjfbL ;+s6 qmdzM ulxl/b} uPsf] dfq xf]Og, of] ktgsf] lbzflt/ ;d]t nlDs/x]sf] 5 .

;fd|fHojfb n'6sf] Joj:yf xf], cTofrf/sf] gd"gf xf] . of] o'4sf] ;|f]t clg cft+ssf] gfOs] xf] . ;fd|fHojfb lx+;|s, cfttfoL / o'4lkkf;' x'G5 . ;fd|fHojfbLx¿ n'6, zf]if0f, / bf]xgs} nflu ljZjsf sdhf]/ /fi6« / hgtfdfly cTofrf/L cGofok"0f{ o'4 nfb\g] ub{5g\ . pgLx¿ hgtfdf cft+|s dRrfp“5g\ / g/;+xf/ ub{5g\ . cfkm\gf] n'6fxf :jfy{ k"/f ug{ xhf/f}+ lgbf]{if / lgxTyf hgtfsf] cfd ;+xf/ ug{ logLx¿ sltklg lxlRsrfp“b}gg\ . cfkm"nfO{ dfgjclwsf/sf] 7]s]bf/ ;Demg] ;fd|fHojfbLx¿ dfgj;+xf/sf] eofgs ck/fw / o'4ck/fwdf ;a}eGbf cufl8 b]lvPsf 5g\ . ;fd|fHojfbL d'n'sx¿df :yflkt ef}lts ;+/rgf, ljsf; / ;Eotfsf k5f8L ltgLx¿åf/f ul/Psf] ljZjJofkL n'6 / zf]if0fn] sfd u/]sf] 5 . k"“hLjfbL÷;fd|fHojfbL ;Eotf ljZjsf s/f8f}+ hgtfsf] /ut, cf“z' / lrTsf/sf] hudf plePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] a}ej, ;'v / >]i7tfsf] lglDt ;fd|fHojfbLx¿n] ljzjsf s/f]8f}+ hgtfsf] v'zL, xf“;f] / r}g n6]sf 5g\ . oL ;f/f s's[To / ck/fwsf] gfOs]sf] ¿kdf oltv]/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb ;a}eGbf cufl8 b]lvPsf] 5 . ljZjdf o:tf] d'n's 5}g, hxf“ ;fd|fHojfbL cd]l/sfsf] v'gL gªu|f gufl8Psf] xf];\ . o:tf] s'g} d'n's 5}g, hf] cd]l/sL zf;ssf] k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf bjfj, wlDs / x:tIf]kaf6 d'Qm ePsf] xf];\ . Plz of, clk|msf / Nofl6g cd]l/sfsf sof}+ d'n's / hgtfx¿ cfh emgj9L cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] cTofrf/, pTkL8g / qf;bL ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . Toxf“sf] >d, k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;Dkbfx¿ cd]l/sLx¿sf] n'6fOdf k/]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb ljZj k|d'v, pTkL8g / bf]xgs}nflu h:tf];'s} cg}lts, cdfgjLo / hglj/f]wL sfo{ ug{ klg kl5 kb}{g . cfkm\gf] bnfn / s7k'tnL aGg rfxg]x¿ h:tf] ;'s} lg/+s'z / ck|hftflGqs ePklg dxfg k|hftGqjfbL x'G5g\ t/ cfkm";“u yf]/} dfq cGtlj{/f]w /fVg] t/ /fli6«o c8fg ePsfx¿ ljZj zflGtsf] Ps gDa/sf] b'Zdg aGb5g\ pgLx¿sf] lglDt . o;af6 ;fd|fHojfbL cd]l/sfsf] lgotdf s] s'/f n's]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f a'em\g ufx|f] 5}g .

;fd|fHojfb hlt hlt ;+s6u|:t aGb} hfG5, Tof] Tolt g} al9 kmflzi6 aGb} hfG5 . cfkm\gf] slyt ljZj Joj:yfdf cfPsf] ;+s6sf] df]rgsf] nflu cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb cft+sjfb lj/f]wL o'4sf] gfddf ljZjsf sdhf]/ /fi6« Pj+ hgtfdfly v'gL cfqmd0fdf cf]n]{sf] 5 . ljZjsf qmflGtsf/Lx¿ tyf s7k'tnL aGg OGsf/ ug]{x¿sf lj¿4 cd]l/sfn] 3f]lift÷c3f]lift ¿kdf cGofok"0f{ o'4 nfb\b} cfPsf] 5 . ouf]:nfleof, ckmuflg:tfg / O/fsdfly ul/Psf] gfËf] ;}Go cfqmd0f, sAhf / s7k'tnL zf;sx¿sf] :yfkgf, xhf/f}+ lgbf]{if hgtfsf] sTn] cfd, pQ/sf]l/of, So"jf, O/fg, l;l/ofnufotsf d'n'sx¿dfly nufOPsf] b'i6tfsf] nf~5gf, g]kfn nufotsf sof} d'n'sx¿sf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf a9fp“b} nu]sf] x:tIf]k cflbn] cd]l/sL zf;sju{ ljZjnfO{ cfkm\gf] d'l7\7df kf/]/ lgdd{ 9+un] n'6\g slt nfnflot 5g\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 . oltv]/, ljZj k|e'Tjsf] lglDt cd]l/sfn] blIf0f Plzofdfly lu2] b[li6 nufpg yfn]sf] 5 . To;sf] nflu cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] g]kfnsf qmflGtsf/Lx¿nfO{ bdg ug]{, g]kfndf cfkm\gf] z}Go cv8f /fVg] / rLgnfO{ 3]/faGbL ug]{ /0fgLltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{5 . cd]l/sL /0fgLltsf] ;kmntfsf] lglDt g]kfnL bnfn zf;sx¿ pko'Qm kfq ag]sf 5g\ . cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf] lglDt cd]l/sf h] ug{ klg kl5 kb}{g eGg] s'/f oxf“sf bnfn zf;sx¿n] a'lem/x]sf 5}gg\ . O/fsdfly h'g cleof]u nufP/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;d]tnfO{ j]jf:tf ul/ cfqmd0f ul/of], To;sf] cf}lrTo ;fljt ug{ cd]l/sfn] ;s]sf] 5]g . O/fs cfqmd0fsf] Psdfq p2]Zo Toxf“sf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t, ljzfn t]n e08f/dflysf] lgoGq0f xf] eGg] s'/f :ki6 e};s]sf] 5 . o;af6 ljZjsf h'g s'g} klg d'n'ssf] /fli6«o :jflwgtf / ;fj{ef}ldstf ;fd|fHojfbL cd]l/sfaf6 vt/fdf kb}{ uPsf] 5 .

cd]l/sf r/d ;+s6sf] b'irqmdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6 5 . ljZjnfO{ z';f;gsf] pkb]z lbg] cd]l/sL zf;sju{ e|i6frf/, clgoldttfdf / c/fhstfdf r'n'{Dd 8'a]/ ;'zf;gsf] gfos alg/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] ;jf]{Rr / zf:jt ljZj Joj:yfsf] avfg xf:of:kb ;fljt e};s]sf] 5 . ltgLx¿sf] k|hftGq xflQsf] b]vfpg] bf“t l;jfo s]xL xf]Og eGg] s'/fdf cfh ljZjdf yf]/} dfq klg e|d af“sL 5}g . Toxf“sf] juL{o cGtlj{/f]w tLa| alg/x]sf 5g\ . ljZjsf >dhLlj tyf ;j{xf/fju{ ;d]t / hfu¿s alg/x]sf 5g\ . ;fd|fHojfbsf slyt ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] gf/fnfO{ r'gf}lt lb+b} af}l4s tyf >dhLlj hgtf ;zQm k|bz{gdf h'6]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL s's[To / bfbflu/Lsf lj¿4 ljZjsf hg;d'bfosf] dxf;fu/ pln{/x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb ljZje/Lsf hg;d'bfosf] cfqmf]z, 3[0ff / ljb|f]xsf] 3]/faGbLdf kb}{ uPs]f 5 . zf]lift–kLl8t >dhLlj / ;j{xf/f hgtf / ju{sf] lglDt ;fd|fHojfbsf lj¿4 ;d]t sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx¿ ;+;f/}el/ ju{ ;+3if{sf] k|lqmofdf h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn, ef/t, 6sL{, k]¿, lkmlnlkG;, sf]nDaLofnufotsf d'n'sx¿df dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt hgo'4x¿ o;qmddf pNn]vgLo /x]sf 5g\ . Plzof, clk|msf, Nofl6g cd]l/sfsf cf}klgj]lzs / cw{–cf}klgj]lzs d'n'sx¿ / Toxf“sf hgtf /fli6«o d'lQmsf nflu ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL ;+3if{df nfu]sf 5g\ . ;+3if{sf oL ;f/f k|lqmofsf sf/0f cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] lgb x/fd ePsf] 5 . of] ;a} cfGbf]ngx¿ cd]l/sL n'6sf] /0fgLltsf lglDt afws ag]sf 5g\ . kmn:j¿k cd]l/sf ljZj ;d'bfosf lj?4 ax'n7\7L cfqmd0fdf pq]sf] 5 . ljZjsf hgtfsf] Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] ;fdgf /fhg}lts 9+un] ug{ c;dy{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb slyt cft+sjfbsf] xf}jf v8f u/]/ ljZje/ dxfcft+s dRrfO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf klg oxf“sf] zf]lift, pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, If]q, ln+usf hgtfsf] k"0f{ d'lQm / k|hftGqsf lglDt Gofok"0f{ /fhg}lts ljb|f]xsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] dxTjk"0f{ /fhg}lts zlQm g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] cft+sjfbsf] cf/f]k nufp“b} slyt cft+sjfbsf] ;"lrdf /fv]sf] k|rf/ u/]sf] 5 . oxf“sf] ;QfkIfn] ;d]t slyt cf/f]k lkmtf{ lnP/ o'4lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9]sf] hgo'4nfO{ /fhg}lts ljb|f]x / hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ljkIfL ;]gfsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf cd]l/sL 3f]if0ffleq uDeL/ if8\oGq n's]sf] 5 . l;+uf] hg;d'bfo / ;f/f ljZj jftf{sf] kIfdf /x]s} a]nf, ;Qf kIf / ljb|f]xL kIfsf] aLrdf jftf{ k|lqmof cufl8 al9/x]sf] cj:yfdf oxf“sf] ;Qf kIf;“u} k|lt cft+sjfb lj/f]wL kf“r aif]{ ;Demf}tf ug'{, g]kfndf cd]l/sL ;]gf a;]/ zfxL ;]gfnfO{ tflnd lbg', xltof/ / ;}Go;DaGwL cfly{s ;xof]u ug'{n] o'4pGdfbL ;fd|fHojfb kIf cl:y/tf l;h{gf u/L cfkm\gf] lqm8f:yn agfpg p4t 5 eGg] s'/f a'em\g ufx|f] 5}g . g]kfndf ev{/} d~rg ul/Psf] ;Qf ;dLs/0fsf] gf6sleq ljb]zL zlQm s]Gb|x¿sf] jftf{ ef8\g] if8oGqn] sfd u/]sf] s'/f :ki6} 5 . o;af6 g]kfnsf] zf;g ;Qf ljb]zLsf] xftdf ;l/;s]sf] / oxf“sf zf;s / ;]gf ljb]zLx¿sf] xftsf] v]nf}gf alg/x]sf] s6' oyfy{tfnfO{ vf]tNg} kb{5 . oL ;a} 36gfx¿n] oxf“sf zf;ssf] slyt /fi6«jfbsf] d's'08f] g/fd|f];“u pbf+luPsf] 5 . hfkfg, hgtfsf] g[;+; sTn]cfd ug]{ o'4ljkf;' cd]l/sfsf] 3fts /0fgLltnfO{ k/f:t ug{ of]hgfa4 9+un] ;+3if{sf] oltv]/sf] 68\sf/f] cfjZostf xf] . ;+ls0f{ /fi6«jfb / wfld{s s§/tfjfbn] ;fd|fHojfblj?4 hgtfdf /x]sf] c;Lldt ljb|f]xsf] IfdtfnfO{ phfu/ ug{ / qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ug{ ;Dej 5}g . ;j{xf/fjfbL ljrf/ / g]t[Tjn] dfq ;fd|fHojfbnufot ;a}vfn] k|ltlqmofjfbnfO{ k/f:t ug{ / d'lQm lbg ;S5 eGg] s'/f P]ltxfl;s cg'ejn] b]vfPsf] 5 . o;qmddf blIf0f Plzof ;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtsf] lglDt j:t'ut cfTdut b'a} lx;fan] cg's'n aGb} uPsf] 5 . Toxf“ b]lvPsf] ;+3if{sf] ljsf; ;j{xf/fjfbL /fhg}lts kf6L{ / ;+u7gx¿sf] dhj't l:ylt / hg;d'bfodf tLgsf] k|efj cflbn] of] If]q qmflGtsf] t'kmfgL s]Gb|df abln/x]sf] 5 . ca cd]l/sL bfbflu/Lsf lj?4 ljZje/sf hgtfsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ lhDd]jf/L of] If]q ljz]if u/L oxf“sf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{x¿sf] sf“wdf cfPsf] 5 . clGtd k/fho geP;Dd u8a9L dRrfO/xg' ;fd|fHojfbnufot ;a} k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿sf] gLod xf] . To;}u/L clGtd+lhn xft gnfu];Dd ;+3if{ ul//xg' hgtfsf] lgod xf] . ;fd|fHojfbsf] cGt lglZrt 5, of] ;“w}el/ af“lr/xg] 5}g . ;fd|fHojfb d'VotM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsflj?4 n8\g Pstfa4 ;+3if{ u/f}+ . n8]/ dfq xfdLn] xfd|f] /fli6«o d'lQm k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] 5f}+ .