yf¿jfg df]rf{sf] klxnf] P]ltxfl;s
;Dd]ng / kfl/t b:tfj]h
hut /Tu}of
æcfTdlg0f{o
s] clwsf/ ;] ;'/lIft hftLo :jzf;g–;+ljwfg ;ef s] kIf d+] klxnf /fli6«o ;Dd]ng
†Æ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy yf¿jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnsf] klxnf] /fli6«o
;Dd]ng s]xL ;doklxn] P]ltxfl;s tyf Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ eJotfsf ;fy ;GkGg ePsf]
5 . of] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] zf]lift kLl8t yf¿ hflt hf] Oltxf;sf] k'/fgf] sfnv08b]lv
pk]lIft ckx]lnt k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfs} x/]s c+u Pp6f …g/fljd hLjgsf b'tÚ h:t}
zf]if0f / bdgsfaLrdf hLjg JotLt ul//fv]sf]nfO{ /0fgLlts dxTjsf ;fy ;r]t agfPsf]
5 . /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] yf¿ hfltnfO{ ;r]t dfq agfPg o;n] cfkm\gf ue{df /x]sf
x/]s pTkLl8t hflt hghfltnfO{ eljiosf lbgdf hgljb|f]xsf b]jb't agfpg] / cfkm\gf]
:jfledfgnfO{ /fli6«o d"nd'2fs} ¿kdf p7fg ug{ ;Sg] / ToxL hgljb|f]xåf/f
s]lGb|t /fHo;Qf hf] cToGt} lg/+s'z kmf“;Ljfb / k|lts[ofjfbdf ktg ePsf] 5 p;sf
lj¿4df P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{ ul/sg Psflt/ k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ Wj:t ug]{ / csf]{lt/ gof“
hgjfbL ;Qf v8f ug]{ s'/flt/ p4t kf/]sf] 5 . o; dfGotfdf yf¿ hfltn] of egf}
pgLx¿s} uf}/azfnL ;+u7g yf¿jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{n] klxnf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf]
kxn u/]sf] lyof] / cToGt} pT;fx pd+u Pj+ uf}/jk"0f{ ¿kdf ;DkGg u/]sf]
5 . g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf] cfsf/ ax'–eflifs, ax'hflto, ax'wfld{s ePtf klg
cw{;fdlGt / cw{ cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfsf] aLraf6 x|f;sf] l:yltdf k'u]sf] a]nf yf¿
hfltn] k'gM cfkm\gf] /fli6«otf, efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt, e]ife"iff
nlntsnfsf] cl:tTj sfod ug{ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGgtfsf] hf] prfO{ kqmg ;kmn eof]
o;nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;sf/fTds / pHjn kIf dfGg} k5{ . h;/L l;Ëf] ;fd|fHojfbn]
ljZjdf cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f, ;"rgf ;+rf/, 6]Sgf]nf]hLdf ljZj–e'd08nLs/0f u/L
cfkm\gf] pb08tf / ToxL pb08tfåf/f ljZjnfO{ Psd':6 ;fd|fHo agfpg vf]lh/fv]sf] 5,
ToxL x}sdjfbL ;fd|fHojfbL gLlt lgodnfO{ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] yf¿ jgL g]kfnL hflt
hghflt nufotsf kLl8t g]kfnL hgtfn] Psd':6 l;Ëf] ;fd|fHojfb / To;åf/f ;+/lIft
g]kfnL lg/s'+ztfjfbL 3/]n' k|lts[ofjfbnfO{ rsgfr'/ kfg]{ @@ lhNnfsf yf¿x¿n] hf]
dxfg\ pb\3f]if u/] of] pgLx¿sf] csf]{ prfO{k"0f{ ;sf/fTds kIf xf] .
v]tLkftLsf] ;dodf cfkm\gf] xhf/f}+sf] ;xeflutf tyf pkl:ylt b]vfP/ rf/}lt/
k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfsf v'gL ;}lgs SofDksf aLrdf klg s'g} 8/, qf; / cft+lst
geO{sg a8f] pT;fx Pj+ uDeL/ P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy ;Dd]ng ;kmn kf/]/ yf¿x¿n]
cfkm"nfO{ axfb'/ yf¿sf ¿kdf :yflkt u/]sf 5g\ . lxhf]b]lv sd}of
;'s'Daf;L, 8/kf]s, gaf]Ng], ca'em, nf6f,] d';f vfg]sf ¿kdf dfq} lrlgg] yf¿x¿
af:tj d} /fli6«o ;Dd]ngåf/f Pp6f ;fx;L, ;dfhnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{;Sg] ;r]t gful/s,
cGofonfO{ ;xg g;Sg], Gofosf kIf h:tf] ;'s} s7LgeGbf sl7g Tofu, tk:of, alnbfg
ug{;Sg] ;Ifd hgljb|f]xLsf ¿kdf of egf}+ @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf /fli6«o cfGbf]ngjfbLsf
¿kdf lrlgPsf 5g\ . ;fy} g]kfnL /fi6« t/n cj:yfdf /x]sf] a]nf h;/L
/fi6«nfO{ cu|udgsf] ¿kdf csf]{ gof“ prfO{df k'¥ofpg] ;fk]lIft / a}1flgs gf/f
;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] ;d'bfodf klg ;+:yfut ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
xhf/f} jif{b]lv ;dflGt pTkfbg;DaGwdf hsl8Psf] g]kfnL d'n'snfO{ pk/L;+/rgfdf
/fhg}lts ;Qf kl/jt{g gu/Lsg gof“ pTkfbg;DaGwdf sfod ug{ g;lsg] / ;lbof}+ b]lv
g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ g;lsg] ePsf] sf/0fn] klg
pkl/;+/rgfdf /fhg}lts kl/jt{g;lxt ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf ePsf] dx;'';
u/L To;åf/f b]zdf ;+qmldt hftLo ;d:of klg xn x'g ;Sg] s'/f :ki6 ePkl5 oxL hftLo
;d:ofnfO{ xn ug{sf lglDt cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / hftLo :jzf;g;lxt ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
r'gfj x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf ;Dd]ngdf pkl:yt yf¿ hfltsf] b[9tf :ki6 b]lvGYof] .
!_ ;Dd]ngsf] Ps emns
of] yf¿ hfltsf] ;Dd]ng lyof] . cfkm\gf]
;Dd]ngdf v'zL x'g', ;xeflu x'g' pgLx¿sf] nflu uj{sf] s'/f xf] .o;sf ;fy}
:jfefljs k|s[of klg xf] t/ cfkm\gf] eGb}df :jtM :k"t{ 9+un] sfo{qmddf
cfPsf lyPgg\ . lsg eg] of] s'g} /f]dfG; / ef]h et]/sf] sfo{qmd lyPg g t
s'g} gf6s / gf}6+sL g} . s]jn lyof] t ljrf/df cfa4 auL{o sfo{qmd juL{o
ljrf/ gaf]sLsg cfpg] lxDdt s;}sf] lyPg .
To;}n] oxf“ t juL{o ljrf/ af]s]sf dfq} cfPsf lyP eGg] s'/f klg
xf]Og . cGo ljrf/ / cGo ;f]+rsf dfG5]x¿ klg cfPsf lyP xf]nfg\ Tof] klg
csf]{ kf6f] xf] . xfdL oxf“ rrf{ ub}{5f}+ cfkm\g} dfG5]sf] cfkm\g} juL{o
af6f] ofqf / qmflGtdf ;xfotf ug]{ dfG5]sf] . To;}n] oxf“ h] hlt pkl:yt /
;xeflutf lyof] . Tof] s]jn juL{o ljrf/ af]s]sf dfG5]x¿sf] dfq}
lyof] . h] eP klg g]kfnu~hdf ePsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmd /dfOnf] eof] . To;sf]
cltl/Qm cem /dfOnf] t ;Dd]ngsf] tof/L g} eof] . lsgeg] ;Dd]ngsf] tof/L
lhNnf–lhNnfdf eO/fv]sf] lyof] . k|ltj]bgcg';f/ s}nfnL lhNnfdf Pp6f ;fgf]
afa'n] yf¿jfgsf] krf{ kfPkl5 u+u6f] sf8\g 5f]8]/ krf{ 5b}{ k|rf/ kf] ug{
uP5 . p;n] 3/ uO{ cfdf afa'nfO{ krf{ k9fP5 . Pp6L dlxnfn] yf¿jfgsf]
;Dd]ng x'g] ;'g]kl5 cfkm\gf] nflu dfq xf]Og >Ldfg, h]7f] 5f]/f, dfOnf]
5f]/fsf] ;d]t u/]/ PSn} $ j6f ;b:otf sfl6g . o:t} ;'g;/Laf6 *) aif{sf j[4
dn]lIf rf}w/L kfOnf uGb} klZrd af“s] ;Dd]ngsf lglDt cfP5g\ . of] ;Dd]ngn]
aRrf, hjfg, a[4b]lv ef}uf]lns lx;fan] k"j{ ;'g;/Lb]lv klzrd s+rgk'/;Ddsf
j:tL / yf¿x¿nfO{ pT;flxt kf¥of] . cflv/df cfkm\gf] d'lQm / clwsf/sf] s'/f
efiff ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf] pTyfg ug{ kfOg] ;Dd]ngsf] s'/f ;'g]kl5 sf] v'zL
gxf]nf ;fob v'zL gx'g] t ljj]s z"Go d"v{x¿ x'G5g\ xf]nf . oxL
v'zL pdË, qmflGtsf/L tbf¿stf, juL{o hf]z lnP/ k"j{ d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Ddsf
yf¿ hfltx¿ c;f/ #) ut]sf lbg g]kfnu~hsf a:tLdf cf]Ol/g k'u] . pgLx¿
cf]Ol/P, s]jn cfkm\gf] JolQmut tyf ef}lts z/L/ dfq} lnP/ cfPgg\ . of]eGbf
dxTjk"0f{ dfS;{jfb, n]lggjfb, dfcf]jfb / k|r08kysf ljrf/ klg lnP/
cfP . uuge]bL, cfsfz u'l~hg], ;fdGt / ;fd|fHojfb yls{g] gf/fx¿ lnP/ cfP,
ljb|f]xx¿sf dfnfsf -uxgf_ ¿kdf cToGt} ;'xfpg] em08f Aofg/ lnP/ cfP . h]
xf];\ Tof] lbg nfUYof] g]kfnu~h qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf] d]nf xf], s]jn d]nf xf]Og, eP
j}rfl/s d]nf klg xf], qmflGtsf/L yf¿x¿sf] /fhg}lts c8\8f klg xf] . Ps
kf6f]af6 ;f]Rbf o;f] nfUYof] eg] csf]{ kf6f]af6 ;f]Rbf k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿sf]
lx+;|s, v'gL cft+s drfpg] od/fh a/fa/sf] lgs[i6 c8\8f h:tf] klg nfUbYof] .
Toxf“sf hgtf qmflGtsf/L 5g\, pT;flxt, Gofok|]dL 5g\ eGg] s'/fdf xfd|f] s'g}
dtfGt/ 5}g t/ Toxf“sf hgtfdf /fh ug]{, k|ltlqmofjfbL ;]gfx¿sf] x/st b]Vbf
;f“lRrs} od/fhsf] c8\8feGbf csf]{ s'g} c8\8f h:tf] nfUb}gYof] . tL x's'dL
;]gfx¿nfO{ hgtfsf] OR5f cfsf+Iff / efjgf;“u s'g} ;/f]sf/ lyPg, g t ;Eo efiff,
gLlt lgod;“u g} . nfUbYof] of] a]nf jftf{sf] s'g} u'~hfo; 5}g .
pgLx¿nfO{ cfrf/;+lxtf s'g r/Lsf] gfd xf] < eGg] h:tf] lyof] . o:tf]
/fHo cft+ssf] aLrdf qmflGtsf/L yf¿x¿sf] d]nf nfu]sf] lyof,] g]kfnuGhdf . Tof]
e]nf jf:tj d} em08f, Aofg/sf] ;lh;hfpg] :ju{sf] Ps 6'qmf k[YjLdf em/]sf] h:tf]
dx;'; x'GYof] . oxL e]nfdf pT;flxt aGb} !% lhNnfsf yf¿x¿ hg;efsf ¿kdf
kl/0ft ePsf lyP .
d~rdf qmflGtsf/L uLt, ljb|f]xL, ljxfgL
;f“:s[lts 6f]nLsf g[To k|bz{g eO/fv]sf lyP . cs:dft d~rdf g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]jfbL_ kIfsf jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:o tyf k|jQmf s= s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f k|s6
x'g'eof] . hg;ef xf};nf pd+u / pT;fxdf kl/0ft eof] hgyk8Lx¿ cfsfz r'Dg]u/L
u8u8fP . dfgf}+ ls pgLx¿sf -hgtfx¿sf_ xftdf gof“ a:t' k/]sf] 5, hf] a:t'n]
;b}j pgLx¿nfO{ lztntf lbO/xg] 5 . s= dx/fnfO{ x]g]{, lrGg], kmf]6f] lvRg]
s'/fdf s'g} sdL lyPg oBlk of] pxf“sf] g]kfnu~hdf bf]>f] pkl:ylt lyof] .
dfG5]x¿ pxf“sf] JolQmTj b]v]/ w]/} pT;flxt b]lvGy] . of] s'/f ta dfq a9L
pb\3f6g eof] ha pxf“sf] efif0fdf /fhg}lts zAbx¿ ds} km'6] h:t} plk|m/x]sf lyP,
ta dfG5]x¿nfO{ aflx/L xNnfsf] s'g} jf:tf lyPg, Toqf] kfgL kbf{ klg s'g} jf:tf
gu/L pxf“sf] efif0f ;'lg/x]sf lyP .
To;kl5sf] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ æaGb ;qÆsf]
sfo{qmd g} lyof] . hxf“ k|ltlglw, ko{j]Ifs, cfof]hs / cltlyx¿sf] dfq}
pkl:ylt lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] z'¿df s= /fdaxfb'/ yfkf k|d'v cltlysf] ¿kdf
cfpg] ;"rgfn] df;nfO{ pT;flxt / uf}/jflGjt agfO/fv]sf] lyof] . ha
pxf“ xndf k|j]z x'g'eof], yk8L u8\u8fpg k'Uof] . ;Dk"0f{ xn v'lzofnL
d} b]lvGYof] . nueu #÷$ 306fsf] pxf“sf] 7f]; / kl/is[t k|lzIf0f ;'lg;s]kl5
;a}n] cfkm"nfO{ c3fPsf] dx;'; ul//fv]sf lyP . tt\kZrft\ æaGb ;qÆ n]
dxTjk"0f{ /fhg}lts k|ltj]bg, yf¿jfg ljwfg / ;d;fdlos k|Ztfj k]z
u¥of] . ha oL s'/f k]z eP ts{ljts{sf] u/dfu/d ax; klg eof] . ax;s}
qmddf aLraLrdf yk8L u8\u8fpg k'UYof] . o:tf] dx;'; x'GYof], lxhf]sf
lk5l8Psf elgg] yf¿ hfltx¿ cfh rnfs ePsf 5g\, ax; / ts{ ug{ ;S5g\ . ca
pgLx¿ nf6f, 5}gg\ uf]¿ h:tf 5}gg\ . nfUYof] pgLx¿ hgjfb / s]Gb|Lotfsf]
aLrdf gof“ lrh vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . Pstf / ;+3if{sf] aLraf6 gof“ ¿kfGt/0f
vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . ;f“lRrs} o; ax;n] ;'g;/Lb]lv s~rgk'/;Ddsf yf¿ hfltnfO{
j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts, efjgfTds¿kdf PsTjdf af“lw/fv]sf] dx;'; x'GYof] . cGttM
ax; kZrft\ xnn] k|]l;t ePsf k|ltj]bgx¿ / gof“ s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] k|:tfjnfO{
Psdtn] kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] . cGTodf 3f]if0ff sfo{qmd;lxt klxnf] /fli6«o
;Dd]ng cToGt zfgbf/, eJotf, ;f}xfb{tf / Pltxfl;s ¿kdf ;dfkg eof] .
kfl/t b:tfj]h af/]
s'g} klg
a:t'n] ult k|fKt ug]{ of gug]{, cu|udg of k|ltudg, oyfl:ylt of 5nfË xfGg] k|Zg
a:t'leqs} ;sf/fTds kIfsf] ;r]t 9+un] kl/rfng ug]{ s'/fdf lge{/ x'G5 .
;sf/fTds ljsf; ug]{ / gsf/fTds kIfaf6 kf7 l;Sg] of lj/f]w ug]{} ljlw
tf}/tl/sfnfO{ b:tfj]h eGb5g\ . To:t} yf¿jfg df]rf{n] klg klxnf] /fli6«o
;Dd]ngåf/f yf¿ ;dfhnfO{ ultlbg], oyfl:ylt eGbf dfly p7fO{ 5nfË lbg], Pstf
;+3if{, ¿kfGt/sf] j}1flgs ljlwåf/f ljsf; ug]{ s'/fdf dxTjk"0f{ /fhg}lts
k|ltj]bg, ljwfg tyf ;d;fdlos k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . o;n] yf¿ ;dfhnfO{
;r]t 9+un] wSsf lbg qmd e+u, dxfljklQ / 5nfË xfGg] lx;fan] ljsf; ug]{ s'/fdf
s'g} z+sf 5}g . ;Dd]ngn] /fhg}lts k|ltj]bg h;leqsf a'“bf cGt/f{li6«o
kl/l:ylt, /fli6«o kl/l:ylt, @)%$ ;fneGbf klxn]sf] yf¿ hfltsf] cj:yf / To;kl5sf]
cj:yf, hftLo cfGbf]ngdf b]vfk/]sf ;}4flGts dte]b, gLlt tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ kfl/t
u/]sf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm tyf dxTjk"0f{ ljwfg / ;d;fdlos k|:tfj klg
/fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] kfl/t u/]sf] 5 .
cfhsf] d'Vo
/ ljZjJofkL cGt/lj/f]w eg]sf] pTkLl8t /fi6«sf hgtf / ;fd|fHojfbaLrsf]
cGt/lj/f]w g} k|d'v xf] . hftLo ;d:of xn ug'{ eg]sf] ;fd|fHojfb leqsf]
k'“hLjfbL Psflw/sfjfbsf] xn ug'{ xf] . of] xn ljgf hftLo ;d:ofsf] xn x'g
;Sb}g . cyf{t of] ;d:ofsf] xn ug'{ eg]sf] ;fd|fHojfbsf] cGTo ug'{ xf] ta
dfq hftLo ;d:of xn ug{ ;Sg] s'/f cfp“5 . clxn] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] h] hlt
pTkLl8t /fi6«df cfqmd0f u¥of] Tof] p;s} /fhg}lts cfly{s ;+s6sf] ;+s]t
xf] . of] cj:yfdf juL{o tyf hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ Pp6f prfO{df p7fpg
;lsof] eg] ;fd|fHojfb l5§} w/d/fpg] jfnf 5 eg]/ k|ltj]bgn] cGt/f{li6«o a'“bfdf
/fhg}lts tYo pb\3f6g u/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o ;Gbe{df, 3/]n' k|ltlqmofjfb tyf
lg/+s'z /fhtGq Psflt/ /fli6«o cfTd;k{0fjfbdf km;s]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ g]kfnL
hgtflj?4 3f]/ if8oGq ul//fv]sf] 5 . o;sf] nflu b]zdf a[xb hgljb|f]xsf]
h¿/L ePsf] s'/f cf}+NofPsf] 5 .
;fy} @)%$
;fneGbf klxn] cyjf yf¿jfg df]rf{sf] u7g k"j{ hf¿ hfltsf] cj:yf s] lyof]
< Tof];Dd yf¿ hfltn] s] u¥of], s] u/]g, s] s] ;d:of /x] eGg] s'/fnfO{ 7f];
¿kdf k]z u/]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf yf¿ hfltn] Tof] ;do;Dd l56km"6 cfGbf]ng
u/]s} dfGg' kb{5 . @))& ;fnsf] /f0ff lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf nfu]gg\ ls,
yf¿x¿ @)!& ;fn, @)#^, @)$^ ;fnsf] k~rfot lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf nfu]gg\ ls,
o:tf y'k|} Tofu–tk:of, alnbfg ;d]t u/] t/ h;/L zf]lift g]kfnLx¿ k|hfTfGqsf
lxdfotLx¿ egfp“bfx¿af6 7luP To:t} yf¿ hflt x/]s a]nf, df}sf 7lub} cfP .
slxn] ef]6 a}+ssf] ¿kdf k|of]u eP eg] slxn] /fhg}lts k|rf/sf ;fwg ag] . To;kl5
of] s'/fnfO{ dx;'; ub}{ @)%$ ;fndf uf}/jzfnL tyf qmflGtsf/L ;+u7g yf=/f=d'=df]=
g]kfnsf] u7g ug{k'u] . o;sf] u7g kZrft\ g]kfnL wtL{df ;+rfng ePsf] dxfg
hgo'4;“u} 7"N7"nf ;fd"lxs alnbfg ub}{ ufp“–ufp“af6 ;fdGt, pRr
hftLo cx+sf/jfbsf gfOs]x¿nfO{ nv]6\g ;kmn ePsf 5g\ / auL{o ;dfhdf g]t[Tjsf]
:yfg sfod ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . oL ljifo k|ltj]bgn] 7f]; ¿kdf k]z u/]sf]
5 . ;fy} cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / hftLo :jfzf;g k|of]u ug]{, e"ldxLg
ls;fgnfO{ e"ldklt agfpg], clGtd d'lQm gx'“bf;Dd ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfb;“u
nl8/fVg] cflb cfkm\gf] bL3{sfnLg tyf /fhg}lts gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ¿kdf
k|ltj]bgn] ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 / sfo{g}lts ¿kdf nlrnf] aGb} y'k|} hftLotf ;DaGwL
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ s'/f k|ltj]bgn] b]vfPs]f 5 .
yf¿ ;dfhdf
x'g] x/]s k|sf/sf] zf]if0fsf] cGTosf] nflu cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / hftLo
:jzf;gsf] gLltnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L cw{;fdGtL, cw{cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf /x]sf] g]kfnL
;fdGtL ;QfnfO{ Wj+z u/L hgtfsf] hgtflGqs ;fj{ef}d;Qf :yfkgf ug]{ d"n nIo
/fvL dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kynfO{ d"n ;}4flGts cfwf/ dfGb} ;+3if{nfO{ cufl8
a9fpg] tyf ;fd|fHojfb, lj:tf/jfb lj/f]wL hf] s'g} zlQm;“u sfo{ut Pstf ug{;Sg]
dg;fosf ;fy yf¿jfg df]rf{n] cfkm\gf] ljwfg kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy}
;+u7gfTds cg'zf;gsf ljljw kf6fkIfdf gLlt lgod lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .
;f/f+z
cflv/df
æzf]if0fÆ eGg] lrh s] xf] < ljZj lj1fgn] kQf nufPsf] uf“7L / ;To s'/f t s]
xf] eg] zf]if0f ju{ ljeflht ;dfhaf6 pTkGg x'g] ub{5 . clGtd cy{df eGg'
kbf{ of] ju{af6 hGd]sf] x'G5 . ;+;f/df b'O{j6f ju{ 5g\ . Pp6f zf]ifs
ju{ / csf]{ zflift ju{ . cyjf Pp6f sfd u/]/ vfg] ju{ csf]{ sfd u/fP/vfg]
ju{ . oL b'O{ ljkl/t ju{aLrsf] e]baf6 zf]if0fsf] hGd ePsf] x'G5 .
lsgeg] oL b'O{ ju{ Ps csf{sf lj/f]wL 5g\ . zf]ifs ju{ hlxn] klg cfkm"
sfd gu/]/, csf{ -zf]lift ju{_ nfO{ sfd u/fP/ vfg] ;f]r /fVb5 / ToxL sfd
ub{5 . / sfd ug]{ >lds ju{ plrt Hofnf gkfP :jtM ba'jfdf kb{5 . oxL
ba'jf zf]if0f xf], pTkL8g, cGofo cTofrf/ xf] . ca of] zf]if0f cGTo ug{sf]
lglDt Pp6} dfq ljsNk 5 Tof] ljsNk eg]sf] >lds ju{n] sfd u/] jfkt plrt Hofnf
kfpg] cfwf/ agfO lbg' t/ zf]ifs ju{n] cfkm" v';L plrt Hofnf b]nf eGg] s'/f
;f]Rg' x'“b}g . To;sf nflu >lds ju{ -zfl;t ju{_ n] zf]ifs ju{ pk/ eo+s/
;+3if{ rnfpg'k5{ . h'g ;+3if{nfO{ ju{ ;+3if{ elgG5 . oxL ;+3if{åf/f
zf]ifsx¿sf] tfstnfO{ gi6 ug'{kb{5 . t/ zf]ifs ju{ rfgr'g] tl/sfn] xf5{
eg]/ sbflk ;f]Rg' x'Gg . lsgeg] p;nfO{ ;+/If0f lbg] p;sf] ;fdGtL Joj:yf
x'G5, k"“hLjfbL, ;fd|fHojfbL Joj:yf x'G5, p;sf x/]s Joj:yfnfO{ gi6 ug{sf
lglDt >lds ju{n] hLjg / d/0fsf] ;+3if{ ug}{ kb{5 . ha pm ;+3if{df ljho
k|fKt u5{ / cfkm\gf] ;Qf agfp“5 ta dfq gof“ cfwf/, gof“ pTkfbg ;DaGw k|fKt u5{
h;åf/f p;n] plrt Hofnf, plrt clwsf/ e]6fp“5 .
xf], o:t} zf]if0fdf
yf¿ hflt cflbdsfnb]lv km:b} cfPsf] 5 . ca yf¿ hfltnfO{ d'lQm lbnfpg] xf]
eg] b]lv yf¿jfg df]rf{n] ;dfhdf ljBdfg k'/fgf] x/]s cfly{s cfwf/ x/]s
pkl/;+/rgf / x/]s pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{ tf]8\g'k5{ ta dfq x/]s vfnsf gof“ cfwf/ k}bf
x'g]5g\ . h;n] yf¿ hfltnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ 5 . oxL k'/fgf]
;+/rgfn] yf¿ hfltnfO{ cfly{s, /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs, eflifs, ;flxlTos lx;fan] k5f8L
kf/]sf] 5 . oL ;a k'/fgf ;+/rgfnfO{ yf¿jfg df]rf{n] tf]8\g ;Sg] cf“6
ug'{kb{5 . o;nfO{ ;+/If0f lbg] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;“u klg n8\g] cf“6 ug{
;Sg'kb{5 . hf] cf“6 -s/]lho;_ yf¿jfg df]rf{n] klxnf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf
k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 . @@ lhNnfsf $) nfv yf¿x¿n] of] ;fx; b]vfPsf 5g . o;
cy{df klxnf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng P]ltxfl;s ag]sf] 5 / o;n] ;Dk"0f{ yf¿ hfltnfO{
P]ltxfl;s lhDdf yk]sf] 5 .