sf7df8f}+÷Pstf k|lqmofb]lv g} cToGt} ljjflbt
/x] klg tTsfnLg Pstf s]Gb| / d;fnaLr Pstf eP/ ag]sf] g]=s=kf=-Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_
leq rs{]sf] cGt/;+3if{ ;fj{hlgs ?kd} JoQm x'g yfn]kl5 / kf6L{leq uDeL/ dte]b
l;h{gf ePkl5 ;xdxfdGqL sd/]8 k|sfzn] kf6L{ Pstf ;'b[9 /fVg Ps jQmJo dfkm{t\
;fj{hlgs clkn ug{'ePsf] 5 .
kf6L{ Pstfsf] jif{uf“7sf cj;/df
g]=s=kf=-Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_ sf ;xdxfdGqL sd/]8 k|sfzn] ;fpg @^ ut]sf] ldltdf hf/L
ug{' ePsf] jQmJodf æg]kfnL hgtfnfO{ d'Qm ug{] qmflGtsf/L cleofgnfO{ ;kmntfsf]
ljGb'df k'¥ofpg ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/Lx?aLr w'|jLs/0f Pstf / ;j{xf/fju{sf]
PsLs[t Pj+ ;'b[9 kf6L{sf] cfjZostf /x]sf]Æ pNn]v ug{'ePsf] 5 . kf6L{leq
cGt/;+3if{ / dte]b tLj| /x]sf] s'/f :jLsfb{} jQmJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5– æxfd|f]
kf6L{leq klg s}of}+ dte]bx? 5g\ . kf6L{ aflx/ cfGbf]ngdf /x]sf
qmflGtsf/Lx? / cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t j}rfl/s ;+3if{df ;xefuL u/fpg] / j}rfl/s
;+Zn]if0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf cl3 a9fpg] p2]Zon] xfdLn] tL dte]bx?nfO{
;fj{hlgs ax;df ;d]t NofPsf 5f}+ .Æ
b]z cToGt ;+s6u|:t, ;+j]bgzLn / ;+qmd0fsfnLg
cj:yfdf /x]sf] / k|ltudgåf/f gsf/fTds ;+qmd0flt/ ws]Ng] b'ik|oTg ul/Pkl5 ;+s6
emg\ rls{Psf] eGb} sd/]8 k|sfzn] k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t u/L cu|ufdL kl/jt{g u/]/ dfq
b]zsf] tTsfnLg ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg x'g;Sg] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . d'n'sn] cu|ufdL
/fhgLlts lgsf; k|fKt ug{ g;s]df k|ltudgn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg], qmflGtsf/L Pj+
hgtflGqs cfGbf]ngdfly emg\ 7"nf] bdg cleofg rNg] / j}b]lzs x:tIf]k cem}
tLj| Pj+ gf+uf] agL /fi6«sf] cl:tTj g} vt/fdf kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf 68\sf/f] /x]sf]
5 eGb} pxf“n] k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] pRr ljGb';Dd k'¥ofP/
d'n'snfO{ cu|ufdL
lgsf;
k|bfg ug{] / To;/L k|ltudgnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf k/f:t ug{'sf] ;fy} u[xo'4nfO{
klg zflGtk"0f{ 9+un] ;dfwfg ug{] e"ldsf v]Ng' g} tTsfnsf] k|d'v
/fhg}lts sfo{ef/ aGg k'u]sf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 .
Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn u7gsf] cf}lrTodfly Pstf
s]Gb|–d;fns} lhDd]jf/ JolQmx? / sfo{stf{ kª\lQmaf6} k|Zg v8f eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf
;xdxfdGqL sd/]8 k|sfzsf tkm{af6 qmflGtsf/L w'|jLs/0fsf] cfx\jfg x'g'nfO{
/fhgLlts lj1x?n] cy{k"0f{ ?kdf lnPsf 5g\ .
df]xgljqmd l;+xsf] l;Gsf] gef“Rg] t/
dfcf]jfbLlj?4 ;Dk"0f{ zlQm nufpg] / k|ltufdL / oyfl:yltjfbsf] kIfkf]if0f
ug{] k|j[lQsf lj?4 pxf“s} e"tk"j{ ;xof]uLx? ;d]tn] cf}+nf] 78\ofPkl5
Toxf“leqsf] ;+3if{ uDeL/ df]8df k'u]sf] atfOG5 . kf6L{leqsf cfºgf
k"j{ ;xof]uLx? ;d]tsf] c;xof]u x'g yfn]kl5 df]xgljqmd kf6L{ km'6fpg];Ddsf]
…d'8Údf k'u]sf] Pd=aL= lgs6 Ps ;"qn] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
/fhgLlts
;Dd]ng af]nfpg ;xhstf{ tof/
sf7df8f}+÷g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_
n] k|:tfj u/]sf] /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng af]nfpg zflGtjftf{sf ;xhstf{ tof/ ePsf
5g\ . ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLn] !$ j}zfvdf ePsf] klxnf] r/0fsf] jftf{df g}
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 /fhgLlts
;+s6sf] lgsf; lgsflng' kg{] k|:tfj cufl8 ;f/]sf] lyof] .
g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;o;g dfgjclwsf/ tyf hg;/f]sf/
;ldltåf/f cfOtaf/ /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht æzflGtjftf{df ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsfÆ
ljifos uf]i7Ldf ;xhstf{x?n] cfjZos k/]df cfkm"x? /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng af]nfpg
tof/ /x]sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ . pxf“x?n] cfkm"x?nfO{ ;lqmo x'g]
cj;/ lbPdf dWo:ystf{sf] e"ldsf ;d]t lgjf{x ug{] wf/0ff JoQm ug{' ePsf]
5 . ;f] cj;/df pxf“x?n] /fHon] cfºgf] e"ldsfnfO Go"g agfpg
vf]h]sf] b'v];f] klg JoQm ug{' ePsf] 5 .
;xhstf{ bdggfy 9'+ufgfn] jftf{ k|lqmofdf
/fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ ;xefuL gu/fO{ ul/Psf] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg]
atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof]– bnx?nfO{ lsgf/f nufpg] /fli6«o cleofg
lg/+s'z 5 . pxf“n] bnx? zflGt k|lqmofsf ;dy{s /x]sf] klg atfpg'eof] .
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;xof]u lnP/ k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg ug{'kg{] cfjZostfdf pxf“n] hf]8
lbg'eof] .
;xhstf{ z}n]Gb|s'df/ pkfWofon] /fhf /fhgLlts
bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr ;xdlt ePdf dfq zflGt sfod x'g ;Sg] atfpg'eof] . bnx?n]
dfcf]jfbLl;t 5'§} 6f]nL agfP/ jftf{ ug{'kg{] cfjZostfdf klg pxf“n] hf]8
lbg'eof] . pxf“n] /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] lgsf;sf nflu ;j{kIfLo ;Dd]ng ug{'kg{] atfpg'eof] .
csf{ ;xhstf{ kß/Tg t'nfw/n] cfkm"x?nfO{
;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLn] xNsf/fsf] ?kdf dfq lnPsf] atfpg'eof] . jftf{ k|lqmof
e+u x'g gx'g] atfp“b} o'4lj/fd hf/L /xg'kg{]df hf]8 lbg'eof] . kf“r bnsf
g]tfx?nfO{ e]6\g] k|of; ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L klg pxf“n] u/fpg' eof] . ;xhstf{
s0f{Wjh clwsf/Ln] zflGt :yfkgf ug{' d'n'ssf] klxnf] cfjZostf ePsf]
atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf af/ Pzf]l;o;gsf cWoIf l;Gw'gfy Kofs'/]nn] bnx?nfO{
jftf{ k|lqmofdf ;xefuL gu/fO{ ul/Psf] jftf{n] kl/0ffd'vL k|ltkmn lbg g;Sg]
atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof]– /fhgLlts bnnfO{ ldnfpg] ef]6] tfNrf /fhf;“u
5 . bnx?sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ /fHon] cj1f u/]df d'n'sdf eofjx l:ylt cfpg] klg
atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] ljb]zL ;xhstf{sf] cfjZostf g/x]sf] klg :ki6
kfg{'eof] . /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf ;b:o OlGb/f /f0ffn] cfof]un]
cfºgf] dfgjclwsf/ xgg\ u/]sf] atfp“b} jftf{ k|lqmofdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf gePsf]
u'gf;f] ug{'eof] . sfo{qmddf cfof]usf ;b:o ;'zLn Kofs'/]n / jl/i7 clwjQmf
ljZjsfGt d}gfnL klg zflGtjftf{ ;kmn kfg{' kg{] cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbg'ePsf]
lyof] .
;b\efjgf
klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf
sf7df8f}+÷)$^ ;fnsf] zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] cfwf/df
ag]sf] ;Demf}tfsf] b:tfj]h?kL ;+ljwfg clxn] d[t cj:yfdf /x]sfn] g]kfn ;b\efjgf
kf6L{ -cfgGbb]jL ;d"x_ n] k'gM /fhsLo / ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] >f]t /
k|of]ustf{ g]kfnL hgtf g} x'g egL b[9 dfGotfsf ;fy ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfWodåf/f
;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ul/g'kb{5 eGg] b[li6sf]0f ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn
;b\efjgf kf6L{sf /fli6«o cWoIf cfgGbb]jL l;+xsf] cWoIftfdf ;fpg @$ / @% ut]
sf7df8f}+ lqk'/]Zj/ l:yt sfof{nodf a;]sf] a}7sn] pQm s'/f k'gM bf]xf]¥ofPsf]
kf6L{ k|jQmf ;l/tf lu/Ln] Ps lj1lKt dfkm{t\ hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
xfn} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf k|r08sf] lj1lKt cfPkl5
cfºgf] kf6L{n] /fli6«o ;xdltsf] nflu g]kfnL hgtf ;dIf cfºgf] kf6L{n]
sfo{;"rL ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] atfp“b} kf6L{ k|jQmf lu/Ln] eGg'ePsf] 5– b]zdf
xfn;Dd ljBdfg /x]sf] s]Gb|Ls[t zf;g k|0ffnL k"0f{ ljkmn eO;s]sf]n]
cGt/f{li6«o k|rng / dfGotf cg'?ksf] ;+3fTds -k|fGtLo_ zf;g k|0ffnL :yflkt u/L
;a} pk]lIft / kLl8t hg;d'bfo nufot dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ /fHo ;d'lrt eflubf/L k|bfg
u/L Gofok"0f{ /fHoJoj:yfsf] l;h{gf ug{, o; k|of]hgsf] nflu ;dfg hg;+Vof,
ef}uf]lns Pj+ ;f“:s[lts Ps?ktfsf] cfwf/df k|fGt / lgjf{rg If]q ;d]tsf] u7g
ug{'k5{ .Æ
z/0ffyL{x?sf]
eljio yk cGof]n
sf7df8f}+÷e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ :jb]z lkmtf{
;DaGwL g]kfn / e"6fgaLrsf] dGqL:t/Lo jftf{ ;/sf/sf] s'6gLlts ;Ifdtfsf]
cefjdf PSsf;L :ylut x'g k'u]sf] 5 .. ;fpg @^ ut]b]lv e"6fgsf] /fhwfgL
lyDk'df x'g] pQm jftf{ :ylut x'“bf o; cl3 ;+o'Qm k|df0fLs/0f 6f]nLn] tof/
kf/]sf] glthfdf lrQ ga'em]sf z/0ffyL{x?n] cfºgf] af/]df k'g{ljrf/ x'G5 ls eGg]
cfzfdf t'iff/fkft ePsf] 5 .
;g\ !((@ b]lv e"6fgL /fhfn] g]kfnL
efifL e"6fgL gful/sx?nfO{ nv]6]kl5 sl/a Ps nfv e"6fgLx? k"jL{
g]kfnsf] ljleGg z/0ffyL{ lzlj/x?df z/0ffyL{ hLjg latfpg afWo ePsf 5g\ .
ef/t ;/sf/n] e'6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{ g]kfn k|j]zsf] nflu cfpg lbg] t/ kms{g vf]Hbf
af6f] aGb ug{] å}w rl/q b]vfPsf]n] z/0ffyL{ ;d:of emg\ hl6n aGb} uPsf]
xf] . e"6fg ;/sf/n] ef/tsf] ToxL å}w rl/qsf] cf8df g]kfnL d"nsf
e"6fgLx?nfO{ e]b\g ul//x]sf] 5 . ljutdf k6s k6s jftf{sf ldltx? lgwf{/0f
ul/P klg e"6fgn] jftf{ :ylut ub{} cfPsf] 5 .
z/0ffyL{ ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo pRr
cfof]u, o'/f]k]nL o'lgog nufot ljb]zL bft[;d'bfox?n] s]xL;do cl3 g]kfn
e"6fg ;+o'Qm k|df0fLs/0f 6f]nLn] z/0ffyL{x?sf] juL{s/0f u/]sf] glthfk|lt
cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . 6f]nLn] u/]sf] k|df0fLs/0fdf w]/} z/0ffyL{x?nfO{
;dfj]z gu/]sf]n] To;nfO{ k'g{ljrf/ u/L ;a} z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ :jb]z kmsf{pg' kg{]
bafj bftf /fi6«x?n] b'j} ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf lyP .
ef/tsf] å}w gLlt / g]kfnsf] c;kmn k//fi6«
gLltsf] HjnGt pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf /x]sf] z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{] !% cf}+
dGqL:t/Lo jftf{ e"6fgn] sf/0fn] :yut u/]sf] atfP tfklg g]kfnL 6f]nLsf]
g]t[Tj s'g dGqLn] ug{] eGg] ljjfbn] g]kfnsf] k|of; lkmtnf] ePsf] lyof] .
;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{df ;/sf/L 6f]nLsf ;b:o cy{dGqL 8f= k|sfzrGb| nf]xgL / ;+rf/
dGqL sdn yfkfaLr e"6fg hfg] ljifodf ePsf] ljjfb / k|lt:kwf{n]
;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL aLrsf] jftf{sf] ldlt ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;d]t l9nfO ePsf] s'/f ;/sf/L
;"qn] atfPsf 5g\ .
To;}u/L z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofdf ef/tn] klg ;xof]u
ug{'kb{5 eGg] ljifodf ef/tsf /fhgLlt1
x?;“u
e]6 ug{ uPsf] k//fi6«ljb\x?n] ef/tdf k"j{ k|wfgdGqL cfO=s]= u'h/fn /
rGb|z]v/;“u e]6 u/L ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ cg'/f]w
u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn cfp“bf ef/tsf] e"ld k|of]u ubf{ lj/f]w gug{] t/
e"6fg kms{g vf]Hbf e"ld k|of]u ug{ glbg] ef/tsf] gLltdf k'g{ljrf/ u/L
e"6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] cfºgf] dft[e"ld kms{g kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{
cfu|x u/]sf lyP .
e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ lkmtf{ ;xof]u ;ldltsf
;b:ox? k"j{ dGqLx? rqm jf:tf]nf, z}n]Gb|s'df/ pkfWofo, lx/0onfn >]i7 /
dfgjclwsf/jfbL k|df]b sfºn] ef/tLo g]tfx?;“u s'/f ug{ ef/t uPsf lyP .
6f]nLn] ef/t nufot cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ lkmtf{ k|lqmofnfO{
ljnDa gug{ e"6fg ;/sf/nfO{ bjfj lbO z/0ffyL{sf] dfgj clwsf/df ;+/If0f ug{
cfu|x ;d]t u/]sf] lyof] .
a]kQf kfl/PsfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs gu/] cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff x'g]
sf7df8f}+÷;/sf/n]
lu/ºtf/ u/]/ a]kQf kf/]sf gful/sx?sf] l:ylt oyf;Dej ;fj{hlgs gu/] ;/sf/åf/f
a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf kl/jf/ ;dfhn] s8f bafjd"ns / ;/sf/nfO{ g}lts ;+s6df
kfg{] cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ug{] ePsf] 5 .
…xfd|f a]kQf
kfl/Psf kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;xof]u ul/lbg cfd gful/s ;dfh,
;~rf/ hut, sfg"g Joj;foL, dfgjclwsf/jfbL nufot ;a};“u xflb{s clkn
ub{5f}}+Ú egL n]lvPsf] k|]; lj1lKtdf ;+of]hs Ps/fh e08f/Ln] eGg' ePsf] 5– æ@)%(
df3 !% ut] ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLaLr o'4lj/fd eO{ @)%( kmfu'g @( ut] b'j} kIfåf/f
;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] cfrf/;+lxtfdf tLg dlxgfleq a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx?sf] l:ylt
;fj{hlgs ug{] pNn]v ul/P klg cfrf/;+lxtf hf/L ePsf] kf“r dlxgf ljTg nfUbf klg
;/sf/af6 xfd|f kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5}g . o;}u/L t];|f]
r/0fsf] zflGtjftf{ ug{ cfdGq0f ub}{ ;/sf/L k|jQmf sdn yfkfn] @)^) >fj0f (
ut] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ n]v]sf] kqdf j]kQf kfl/Psf #@@ hgf gful/ssf] l:ylt oyf;Dej
rf“8} ;fj{hlgs ul/g] s'/f pNn]v eP klg >fj0f !# ut] ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] #%
hgfdf dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfPsf] #@@ hgfsf] ;"rLdWo] hDdf !&
hgfsf] gfd dfq ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 .. o;af6 af“sL xfd|f cfkmGtx?sf] l:ylt
s] xf] eg]/ xfdL yk lrlGtt ePsf 5f}+ . o;af6 ;/sf/ b]z / hgtfk|lt k|lta4
5}g eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNg xfdL afWo ePsf 5f}+ .Æ
:d/0f/xf];\,
;+s6sfnk"j{ /fHon] a]kQf kf/]sf clwjQmf /fh]Gb| 9sfn, b08kf0fL Gof}kfg],
dLng g]kfnL, sdnf zdf{, uf]/]axfb'/ k'sf{]6L nufotsf JolQmx?sf] l:ylt xfn;Dd
;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5}g eg] @)%* d+l;/df nfu" ePsf] ;+s6sfnsf qmddf /fHokIfn]
kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf k"0f{ kf}8]n, jLlkg e08f/L, lbnaxfb'/ /fO{, /fdxl/
?kfv]tL, gjLgs'df/ /fO{, O{Zj/ nfdf, ljzfn nfdf, kf]v//fh a'9fyf]sL, uf]kfn
gu/sf]6L, pd]z ;]9fO, ab|L gf/fo0f tf]ogf, ;Togf/fo0f k|hfklt, u+uf/fd >]i7
nufot ;of}+ gful/ssf] l:ylt xfn;Dd ;/sf/åf/f ;fj{hlgs gul/Psf]df pk/f]Qm a]kQf
kfl/Psf gful/ssf xfdL xhf/f}+ cfkmGtx? lgs} lrlGtt ePsf 5f}+Æ ;/sf/åf/f j]kQf
kfl/Psf gful/ssf kl/jf/ ;dfhn] atfPsf] 5 .
a}+s
tyf ;+:yfgsf sd{rf/Lx?n] sfnf]kl§ af“w]
sf7df8f{}+÷a}+s tyf ;+:yfgdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?n] cfºgf @!
;"qLo dfu ;dod}{ ;/sf/n] k'/f gu/] sfof{no 7Kk kfg{] ePsf 5g\ .
/fli6«o:t/sf $ j6f 6]«8 o'lgogx? cGt/ a}+s sd{rf/L ;+3, g]kfn cGt/ ;+:yfg sd{rf/L
;+3, cGt/ ;+:yfg sd{rf/L ;+3 / g]kfn ljQLo ;+:yf sd{rf/L ;+3sf] pQm /fli6«o
;+o'Qm ;+3if{n] bf];|f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . lxhf]
;f]daf/af6 b]ze/sf &) xhf/ sd{rf/Ln] sfof{no ;dodf k|To]s lbg @÷@ 306fsf
b/n] a9fp“b} ;fpg d;fGt;Dd sfnf]kl§ af“w]/ ;/sf/sf] lj/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\ .
x'Dnfdf v]ns'b sfo{qmd
x'Dnf÷clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7g x'Dnfåf/f
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] k|yd lhNnf :t/Lo ljleGg cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk elnan, hgjfbL b]p8f,
xflh/Lhjfkm tyf Psn b]p8f uLt /lgª l;N8 k|ltof]lutf xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
x'Dnf lhNnfsf] Pl/of g+= & cGtu{t lxdHof]lt df=lj= ;s{]uf8sf] v]nd}bfgdf
;DkGg pQm sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g x'Dnf Pl/of g+= & sf Pl/of OGrfh{ sd/]8
cfzfs/n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7g x'Dnfsf cWoIf
uf]ljGbaxfb'/ zfxLsf] cWoIftfdf pb\3fl6t sfo{qmddf cg]/f:jljo"
-qmflGtsf/L_ x'Dnfsf cWoIf chjL/ a'9f tyf c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ x'Dnfsf ;b:o
g/lj/ P]8Ln] cltlysf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'ePsf] lyof] / clvn g]kfn lzIfs
;+u7g x'Dnfsf ;b:o bGtaxfb'/ a'9faf6 pQm sfo{qmd ;'rf? 9+un] cufl8 a9]sf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf g]=lz=;+u7g x'Dnfsf ;b:o nfnaxfb'/ 5GTofnn] :jfut dGtJo lbg'sf
;fy} aLraLrdf Pl/of ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] uLt tyf g[To k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf pQm # lbg] sfo{qmdsf ljhoL
v]nf8Lx?nfO{ k'/:sf/, k|df0f–kq tyf /lgª l;N8 k|d'v cltly sd/]8 cfzfs/af6
ljt/0f ub{} sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
xf]6n
ofs P08 oltdf k|x/L sfof{no
sf7df8f}+÷sf7df8f}+ b/af/dfu{l:yt ofs P08
olt xf]6nsf ef/tLo dflnsx?n] g]kfnL dhb"/x?nfO{ bafpg pQm xf]6nnfO{ k|x/L
sfof{no agfPsf 5g\ . /, ljut ^ dlxgfb]lv xf]6nsf] Joj:yfkg kIfn] >d
sfof{nos]f /f]xj/df u/]sf ;Demf}tfx?nfO{ /2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf kmfn]sfn] xf]6ndf
sfo{/t dhb"/x? cfGbf]lnt ePsf lyP .
o;/L dhb"/x?sf] Gofof]lrt dfux?nfO{
a]jf:tf ub{} ut xKtfsf] cfOtaf/ /ftL ;f9] !@ ah] xf]6nsf hg/n d]g]h/ hLtaxfb'/
/fO{n] k|x/L af]nfO{ Toxf“ sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? g/fd|/L s'6fPsf lyP .
k|x/Låf/f s'l6g' lkl6g'sf] ;fy} n'6kf6 ePkl5 k'gM dhb"/x? cfGbf]lnt ePsf
lyP . pQm x:tIf]ksf] 3f]/ eT;gf{ ub{} clvn g]kfn 6]«8 o'lgog dxf;+3
sf7df8f}+ lhNnfsf cWoIf lji0f' yfkfn] eGg'eof]– xf]6ndf sfo{/t dhb"/x?sf]
cfGbf]ng Gofof]lrt 5 / km6fxf xf]6n Dofg]h/ hLtaxfb'/ /fO{sf] lg:sfzg u/fpg'
k5{ .
:d/0f/xf];\, lxhf] cj]/;Dd >d sfof{nosf
k|ltlglw, dhb"/ g]tfx? / xf]6n Joj:yfkg kIf a;]/ jftf{ eO/x]sf]
lyof] . /, jftf{df ;xdlt hgfpg] t/ Jojxf/df nfu" gug{] xf]6nsf]
k|zf;g kIfnfO{ dhb"/x?n] cem} z+s}sf] ?kdf x]/]sf 5g\ .
k]K;L–sf]ssf]
ljifJofkf/
sf7df8f}+÷ef/tsf] ;jf{]Rr cbfntn]
k]K;L–sf]sdf ljiffn' ld;fj6 eP–gePsf] k|dfl0ft u/L tLg xKtfleq k|ltj]bg k]z ug{
ef/tLo ;/sf/nfO{ cfb]z lbPsf] 5 . o; cl3 ef/tsf] Ps jftfj/0fLo ;+:yfn]
xNsf k]z kbfy{x? k]K;L / sf]sx?df ljiffn' kbfy{ ld;fOPsf] bfjL u/]kl5
;fd|fHojfbsf k|tLs ag]sf sf]s / k]K;Lsf lj?4 ef/tdf em}+ g]kfndf klg cfjfhx?
p7\g yfn]sf 5g\ . o; cl3 ef/tsf] :jtGq jftfj/0fLo ;+:yf ;]G6/ km/ ;fOG;
P08 OGefO/f]d]G6n] Ps cWoog u/L b'j} sDkgLn] k]o kbfy{df ljiffn' kbfy{ ld;fpg]
u/]sf] atfPsf] lyof] .
pQm ;+:yfn] sf]sfsf]nf / k]K;L b'j} sDkgLn]
k|b'lift kfgL k|of]u ug{] u/]sf] / ls6gfzs cf}ifwL ld;fpg] u/]sf] k|ltj]bg
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof] . k|ltj]bgdf tL
k]osf]
cTolws ;]jgaf6 SofG;/b]lv kmf]S;f]df 3fp x'g;Sg] r]tfjgL klg lbPsf]
lyof] . k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs kl5 ef/tLo dGqLkl/ifb\n] ;d]t tL k]o kbfy{nfO{
vfB ;"rLaf6 x6fpg lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ef/tLo :jf:Yo dGqfnon] b'Oj6f ;/sf/L
k|of]uzfnfnfO{ sf]s / k]K;Ldf ljiffn' j:t' ldl;Psf] jf gldl;Psf] kQf nufpg
k/LIf0fsf] cfb]z lbO;s]sf] 5 .
l;P;Osf] k|ltj]bgkl5 ef/tel/ k]K;L / sf]s
lj/f]wL k|bz{g / cleofgx? ;~rfng x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . k]K;L–sf]s ;]jg gug{
cfx\jfg ub{} ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{sf sfo{stf{n] k]K;L / sf]ssf l;;Lx? kmf]8\g
yfn]sf 5g\ ;fy} laqmL–ljt/0f gug{ ;d]t cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy},
pgLx?n] ef/tLo snfsf/n] clego u/]sf sf]s / k]K;Lsf lj1fkgsf kf]i6/x? RofTg
yfn]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 . g]kfndf klg ljleGg lj1x?n] k]K;L / sf]ssf] u'0f:t/ /
ld;fj6af/] cg';Gwfg x'g'kg{] atfp“b} 5g\ .. dflg;sf] :jf:YonfO{ xflgsf/s
x'g] k|ltj]bgx? ;fj{hlgs x'“bf klg g]kfnsf ;Da4 ;+:yfx? df}g /xg'df w]/}
;j{;fwf/0fn] cfZro{ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
af9L–klx/f]
/ 8'jfgsf sf/0f b]z cfqmfGt
sf7df8f}+÷;fpgsf] bf];|f] xKtfb]lv nuftf/
?kdf k/]sf] clj/n jiff{sf sf/0f b]zsf] dWoIf]qdf / cGo w]/} 7fp“df uPsf] klx/f]
/ af9Lsf sf/0f xfn;Dd @%) eGbf a];L g]kfnLsf] Hofg uO;s]sf] 5 .. af9L /
klx/f] kLl8t hgtf ;/sf/L /fxtsf] cfzfdf clgsfn / 3/af/ljxLg cj:yfdf lbg sf6\g
afWo ePsf 5g\ .
kl5Nnf] k6s k"jL{ kxf8L lhNnf
tfKn]h'ªsf] ;'?lDvd ufh;–* af“s]6f/df ;fpg @! ut] uPsf] Pp6f klx/f]df Ps}
kl/jf/sf & hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] b'Ohgf ;Vt 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . o;
jif{ dWo g]kfnsf lrtjg, tgx'“, wflbª, dsjfgk'/ / k"jL{ g]kfnsf lhNnfx?
klx/f]af6 a9L k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L k"jL{ / klZrdsf t/fOsf
lhNnfx? af9Lsf sf/0f 8'afgdf k/]sf 5g\ .
ptf klx/f]sf sf/0f ;fpg !% ut]b]lv cj?4
/x]sf] t/fO;“u hf]8\g] /fhdfu{x? ;'rf?
9|+un]
;+rfng x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . k[YjL /fhdfu{sf] gf/fo0fu9–d'lUng v08df ljleGg
:yfgdf 8fOe;{g lgdf{0f u/L PstkmL{ oftfoft ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 .
t/ ;/sf/n] clxn];Dd /fxtsf 7f]; sfo{qmdx?
Nofpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . k|fs[lts k|sf]k tyf /fxt ;ldlt u7g u/]/ Ps b'O{
lg/LIf0f / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ clkn ug{'sf] cnjf ;/sf/n] kLl8tx?sf nflu s'g}
/fxt sfo{qmd NofPsf] 5}g . zflGtjftf{sf] qmddf b]zJofkL w/ks8 ug{,
ufp“–ufp“df uP/ hgtfnfO{ lu/ºtf/ ug{ lqmofzLn ;/sf/af6 s]xL /fxt kfpg] cfzf
u/]sf kLl8tx? ca lg/fz x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .
ptf ef/tn] ;Lfd If]qdf lgdf{0f u/]sf] ljleGg
af“wsf sf/0f g]kfnL e"efu 8'afgdf k/]kl5 To;If]qsf afl;Gbfx? kLl8t ePsf
5g\ . af“s] ;Ldfdf agfOPsf] nId0fk'/ af“w, bfªsf] sf]Onfaf;df lgld{t af“w,
slknj:t'df lgld{t /l;ofjfn v'b{nf]6g af“w nufotsf af“wn] xhf/f}+ x]S6/ hdLg
8'afgdf k/]sf], ;of}+ JolQmx? 3/af/ljxLg x'g'k/]sf] / To; If]qsf ;Dk"0f{
afnLgfnL gi6 ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . o;}aLr ef/tsf] nvgpdf cfOtaf/b]lv g]kfn /
ef/tsf clwsf/Lx?sf] 8'afg ;d:ofx?af/] 5nkmn ug{ a}7s z'? ePsf] 5 . t/
sdhf]/ s'6gLlt1 c8fgsf sf/0f o; a}7saf6 klg s'g} ;dfwfg lg:sg] s'/fdf kLl8tx?
cfzfjfbL 5}gg\ .
s}nfnLdf
kf“rhgfsf] g[z+; xTof
wgu9L÷s}nfnL lhNnfsf] d;'l/of–$ a8fOk'/
rf]sdf ;fpg @% ut] /ftL ! ah]b]lv ljxfg # ah];Dd ePsf] ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] Psxf]/f]
kmfol/ª / jd cfqmd0fdf % hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;ldlt s}nfnLn] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Knf6'g cfºgf] sfdsf]
l;nl;nfdf s}nfnLsf] blIf0ftkm{af6 kxf8tkm{ uO/x]sf] avt ;]gfn] w/fkdf kf/L
Psf]xf]/f] cfqmd0fdf tL kf“rsf] xTof u/]sf] atfPsf] 5 . ;fy} pQm 36gfdf
dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 kmfo/ gePsf] klg atfOPsf] 5 .
o;}aLr ;]tL–dxfsfnL IF]qLo Ao"/f]sf
OGrfh{ k|efs/n] ;f]daf/ Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L zfxL ;]gfn] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
Knf6'gnfO{ 3]/f xfnL PstkmL{ tl/sfn] cfqmd0f u/]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n]
;]gfsf] xs{tleq jftf{ ef“8\g] if8\oGq n's]sf] ;d]t cf/f]k nufpg'ePsf] 5 .
k|efs/åf/f ;f]daf/ hf/L lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5– æhgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Ps Knf6'g sfdsf]
l;nl;nfdf s}nfnLsf]
blIf0ftkm{af6
kxf8tkm{ uO/x]sf] a]nf ;'/fsLsf] cfwf/df zfxL ;]gfn] pQm :yfgdf 3]/f xfnL
PstkmL{ tl/sfn] :jrflnt xltof/ k|of]u u/L cfqmd0f u/]sf] lyof] . zfxL
;]gfsf] of] xs{tleq jftf{ ef“8\g]] if8\oGq n's]sf] 5 .. olb hgd'lQm ;]gfn]
k|ltsf/ u/]sf] eP dfcf]jfbLtkm{ o:tf] Iflt x'g] lyPg . ;fy}, zfxL ;]gfsf]
o:tf] 3[l0ft ultljlwx? g/f]lsP g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ k|ltsf/ ug{ afWo x'g]
5 .Æ
ptf kxndfgk'/sf] sf]6f ahf/df zfxL ;]gf /
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] 6's8LaLr ;f]daf/ lbp;f] ! 306f eL8Gt ePsf] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
s}nfnLn] hgfPsf] 5 . ptf cfOtaf/ ;f“em xTof ul/Psf % dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{sf]
nfz zfxL ;]gfn] nu]sf] / To;qmddf :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ 3/leq a:g afWo kfl/Psf]
:yfgLo hgtfn] atfPsf 5g\ . s]xL :yfgLo hgtfn] & j6f nfzx? b]v]sf] ;d]t
atfPsf 5g\ . tL kf“r}hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{sf] gfd / 7]ufgf v'Ng ;s]sf]
5}g . ;fy} pQm xTofsf08kl5 nfz p7fpg] qmddf cfºg} lu|g]8 k8\s]/ d]h/ /fhLj
zfxL / xjNbf/ u0f]z yfkf uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf] 36gfsf k|ToIfbzL{n] atfPsf
5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ pkrf/sf qmddf sf7fdf8f}+ NofOPsf] 5 .
ptf ljleGg ;+rf/dfWodn] l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf]
w':s'gdf dfcf]jfbL / ;'/Iffkmf}haLr le8Gt eO ^ hgf ;'/Iffkmf}hsf ;b:o 3fOt]
ePsf] atfP klg cflwsfl/s k'li6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lhNnfl:yt dfcf]jfbL lgs6
;|f]tsf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbLn] k|lt/Iffsf nflu k|ltsf/ ubf{ pQm 36gf 36]sf] x'g;Sg]
atfOPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L Ko"7fgaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/
lhNnfsf] ljh'jf/ ahf/df cfOtaf/ a]n'sL zfxL ;]gfåf/f cGwfw'Gw uf]nL xfgL
ufpn]x?nfO{ ltt/ljt/ kf/L 3fOt] agfOPsf] 5 eg] ;'lgtf 3tL{ ;lxt @ hgf dlxnfnfO{
a]kQf kfl/Psf] 5 . o;/L g} cfºgf] cTofrf/sf] k/fsfi7f b]vfp“b} zxLb
ldqdl0f cfrfo{sf] zflnssf] gfs uf]nL xfgL kmf]/]sf 5g\ .
Ko"7fgaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ;+ud hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n]
ljh'jf/ rf]sdf ;f“:s[lts sfo[qmd ;+rfng ul//x]sf] avtdf zfxL ;]gfåf/f PSsf;L %)
cf}+ /fp08 uf]nLsf] cf]O/f] nufOof] . ;f]xL ;dodf efufefu ubf{ aGw'
;'j]bLsf] n8]/ 6fpsf] sfl6Psf] 5 eg] %÷^ hgf ufp“n] l;ls:t 3fOt] ePsf
5g\ . o:t} lzIfs gf/fo0f >]i7, kf/; >]i7, bLks >]i7sf] 3/df
uf]nLsf] xflgPsf] 5 eg] /f]8 5]psf af/x? eTsfOPsf 5g\ . pQm 36gfsf] 3f]/
eT;gf{ ub{} g]=s=kf=-fdcf]jfbL_ Ko"7fg lhNnf ;ldltsf ;]qm]6/L sd/]8
lrGtgn] Ps k|]; lj1lKt dfkm{t\ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] h3Go pNn+3gsf] ?kdf cfºgf]
kf6L{n] pQm 36gfnfO{ a'em]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .
/lj
sfsL{sf] jQmJo / cGtjf{tf{ e|d 5g{] b':k|of; M dfcf]jfbL
sf7df8f}+÷/lj sfsL{ -cljgfz_ sf] gfp“df
k|sflzt ut zlgaf/sf] k|]; lj1lKt / cfOtaf/ 5nkmn ;fKtflxsdf 5flkPsf]
cGtjf{tf{n] lbPsf] e|daf/] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldltn]
cfºgf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 .. g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf
;+u7g ;ldltsf OGrfh{ sd/]8 k|efls/0fn] lxhf] hf/L u/]sf] jQmJodf elgPsf] 5–
æslyt k|]; lj1lKt / cGtjf{tf{ cfºgf s/t'tx? 5f]Kg] hgtfsf] Kof/f] dxfg\ tyf uf}/jzfnL
kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / o;sf g]t[Tjdfly lxnf] 5\ofKg] / hgtfdf e|d 5g{]
lgotÆ af6 cfPsf] 5 .
jQmJodf æ/lj sfsL{ lu/ºtf/ x'g' cl3 If]qLo
Jo"/f] ;b:o Pj+ pkIf]qsf ;]qm]6/L x'“bf pkTosfdf kf6L{sf] cfly{s sf/f]af/
ub{} cfPsf lyP . )%* d+l;/ !) ut] sfsL{ lu/ºtf/ ePkl5 kf6L{sf] %^ nfv
?k}of sfsL{sL >LdtL nIdL dxh{gn] #^ nfv dfq kf6L{nfO{ lbPsf] / c? af“sL
?k}of kf6L{nfO{ lbg c:jLsf/ u/]sL lyOg\ . To;sf] sf/0f kf6L{sf] k};fn]
hUuf / z]o/ lsg]sf] kfOof] . o;/L g} kf6L{sf] /sd kf6L{nfO{ ga'emfO{
;Dks{ljxLg ePsf >LdtL dxh{g lu/ºtf/ ePkl5 !( nfv zfxL ;]gfnfO{ a'emfOg\Æ
elgPsf] 5 .
æzxLbx?sf] /utn] ;fl6Psf] k};f zq'x?n] nf“bf
/lj sfsL{ / nIdL >]i7df s'g} kZrftfk /x]sf] b]lvPg a? zq'x?nfO{ abgfd u/fpg]
k|rf/df d2t k'¥ofP . o;sf/0f :j3f]lift pkNnf] bhf{sf] g]tf sfsL{nfO{
h]naf6 5'6]kl5 lnlvt jofg lbg cg'/f]w ubf{ klg / jftf{ 6f]nL sfof{nodf uP/ pRr
g]t[Tj;“u e]6\g ;Sg] cj:yf x'“bfx'“b}j klg ge]6]sfn] cfºgf] ck/fwn] cfkm} hn]sf
sf/0f
To;f]
u/]gg\Æ eGb} k|efls/0fn] jQmJodf eGg'ePsf] 5– æo;sf] uDeL/tfk"j{s ;TotYo
s'/f hgtfdfem k'¥ofpg xfd|f] kf6L{n] lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy /lj sfsL{nfO{ kf6L{
;b:oaf6 lgnDag u/L s'g} klg kf6L{ sld6Ldf /fv]sf] lyPg .
æh]naf6 5'6]kl5 k'gM ;+:sf/ u/L kf6L{n] plrt
7fp“df lng ;Dks{ hlt k6s lbP klg ghfg] sfsL{n] cfºgf] ck/fw n'sfpg jQmJojfhL
u/]sf 5g\Æ OGrfh{ k|efls/0fn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 / cufl8 eGg'ePsf] 5– æxfd|f]
kf6L{n] /lj sfsL{sf] ;;'/fnLdf ;d]t uP/ a'‰bf cfly{s ;xof]u gu/]sf] / ljutdf
nIdL dxh{gn] Pp6f ufd{]G6df sfd ubf{ Ps xhf/ kGw|;o tna vfg] u/]sf] x}l;ot
a'em]sf] 5 . o;sf/0f cfºgf] ck/fw 5f]Kg kf6L{ / g]tfx?k|lt lxnf] 5\ofKb}
:jslNkt u'6aGbLsf] xNnf u/]sf 5g\ .
:d/0f/xf];\ pQm jQmJosf] cGtdf sd/]8 k|efls/0fn] eGg' ePsf]
5– o:tf xNnfn] ;Dk"0f{ Gofok|]dL hgtfsf] d'6'df 7]; nufpg] sfd /lj sfsL{n]
k|ltlqmofjfbL if8\oGqdf cfkm"nfO{ ;fd]n u/fP/ u/]sf x'g\ . o; k|sf/sf
x/ if8\oGqsf] lj?4 e08fkmf]/ ug{ / ;ts{ /xg xfdL ;Dk"0f{ hgtfdf xflb{s
clkn ub{5f}+ .
dfukq
k]z
pbok'/÷;fpg @^ ut] c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no pbok'/df !* ;"qLo dfu k]z u/]sf] 5 . pQm dfu
kqdf k}lqs ;DklQdfly ljgfzt{ ;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnf, dlxnfx?nfO{ ljz]if
clwsf/;lxt /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf, hf“8–/S;L lgoGq0f ug{, qmflGtsf/L s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt
/ ;/sf/aLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf t'?Gt nfu" ug{ dfu ul/Psf] 5 . dfukqdf
o'4lj/fdsf] Go"gtd dfGotf, cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn+3g u/L zfxL ;]gfåf/f
dRrfOPsf] xTof, n'6kf6, w/ks8 tTsfn aGb ug{, jftf{ k|lqmofdf OdfGbf/ aGb}
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg dfkm{t\ gof“ ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0f u/L jftf{ dfkm{t\ ;+s6sf] cu|ufdL lgsf; vf]Hg, ;fd|fHojfbL /fi6«åf/f
lgb{]lzt Pg=hL=cf]=÷ cfO=Pg=hL=cf]nfO{ t'?Gt aGb ug{, ef/tLo cltqmldt
e"efu lkmtf{ ug{ nufotsf !* ;"qLo dfu /fv]sf] 5 .
dlxnfsf] 3f]if0ff ;ef
bf]nvf÷>fj0f
@% ut] c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng 3f]if0ff ;ef ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . nIdL yfdLsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmdsL k|d'v cltly
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o eujtL k|wfg x'g'x'GYof] . kf6L{
k|ltlglw sd/]8 pHHjn, ls;fg k|ltlglw k"0f{ a:g]t, yfdL k|ltlglw r'gaxfb'/
yfdL, blnt k|ltlglw ;'jf; g]kfnLn] dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] :jfut
dGtJo ;'zLnf yfdL, ;+rfng sdnf a:g]n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] z}n'ª ;f“:s[lts
kl/jf/n] ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L lhNnfsf] afa/],
nfb|'s, ‰of“s', l;+u6L nufotsf 7fp“df zfxL ;]gfn] 3/ 3/df k;L vfgtnf;L u/]/
hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg{] sfu{ u/]sf] ;dfrf/df pNn]v 5 .
7ux? /fi6«;+3 k'u]
sf7df8f}+÷slyt
dfcf]jfbL kLl8t ;+3n] cfºgf] 7u r]x/fnfO{ k'gM b]vfpg yfn]sf] 5 . zx/df
a;]/ ;'v ;'ljwf s'DNofp“b} cfPsf slyt kLl8t ;+3;“u cfj4 dfG5]x? hgtf lj?4sf]
ck/fw ug{ kfOGg ls eg]/ jftf{nfO{ k|dfljt kfg{] ultljlw ;+rfng ug{ yfn]sf
5g\ .
ljutdf ;/sf/
;+rfnsx?n] cfºgf sfo{stf{nfO{ kfNg pQm ;+3df /fv]/ eQf v'jfp“b} hgtf / hgo'4sf]
lj?4df ;'/fsL u/fpg] sfd u/fPsf lyP . ut jif{sf] zfxL sbdkl5 eg] ax';+Vos
slyt kLl8tx? lrGtf/fd ePkl5 of] jf Tof] gfddf aa{/fpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnL hgtf
lj?4df ;'/fsL u/]/ Jofks wghgsf] Iflt u/fpg nufpg] slyt kLl8t ;+3sf ;b:ox?n]
cfºgf] :jfy{dfly wSsf nfUg] ljlQs} /fi6«;3Lo lgsfo;Dd k'u]sf 5g\ . cfºgf]
ck/fwnfO{ cGt/f{li6«os/0f ug{ kl5 gkg{] slyt dfcf]jfbL kLl8t ;+3sf x/]s ultljlw
b]lv nlHht x'g'k/]sf] s'/fdf k'/fgf] ;Qf 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]sf] 5 . o;f] xf]
eg] /fHoåf/f kLl8t gePsf g]kfnL zfob 5}gg\ eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf . o;sf/0fn]
klg /fHoåf/f kLl8t ;3 u7g ulg'kg{] s'/f gful/s ;dfhdf Jofks ax; z'? x'g yfn]sf]
5 . o;f] t of] ljifodf cfhsn /fhg}lts a[Qdf Jofks rrf{sf] ljifo alg/x]sf]
5 /fhg}lts ljZn]ifsx? atfp“5g\ .
;'idf
sf]O/fnf gl;{ª SofDk;df 8fdf8f]n
sf7df8f}+÷sf7df8f}+sf] alQ;k'tnLl:yt ;'idf
sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on gl;{ª SofDk;df sfo{/t sfof{no k|d'v s'd'b >]i7sf]
r'/Lkm'/Ln] ljBfyL, lzIfs, sd{rf/Lx? lrl9Psf] ;dfrf/ 5 . sfof{no k|d'v
>]i7sf] x's'dL z}nL v]k]sf kLl8tx? eG5g\– sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ dgkl/ 9+un] /fVg] /
x6fpg] sfd sfof{no k|d'vn] ul//x]sf 5g\ .
pgLx?sf] yk
egfO 5– pHofnf] eljio vf]Hg] ljBfyL{x?af6 tf]lsPsf] eGbf a9L dgf]dfgL 9+un]
z'Ns c;'Ng], ljBfyL{x?af6 lnOPsf] w/f}6L lkmtf{ gug{], ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfGtl/s
gDa/ lbg] xfd|f] xft 5 eGb} s'g} k|Zg p7fpg gkfpg] u/L SofDk; k|d'v >]i7n]
x}sd rnfPsf 5g\ . :d/0f/xf];\, pQm SofDk;af6 cgfxsdf x6fOPsf sd{rf/Lx?,
sfo{/t s]xL sd{rf/L tyf cWoog/t ljBfyL{x?n] @ k[i7 nfdf] sfof{no k|d'v
>]i7sf] cTofrf/af6 d'lQm kfp eg]/ dfcf]jfbL hgcbfntdf ph'/L ;d]t lbO;s]sf]
;dfrf/ 5 .
;dft]/
xTof gu/]sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] bfjL
sf7df8f}+÷oxL ;fpg !$ ut] l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf]
eb|sfnL uflj;df ePsf] b'O ;}lgssf] d[To' /Iff dGqfno jf cGo ;+rf/dfWodn] k|rf/
u/]em}+ gePsf] dfcf]jfbL ;Da4 ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 .
36gf ljj/0f cg';f/ ;f] lbg l;Gw'nLaf6 dbgjf;
l/lk6/ :6]zg hfg nfu]sf ^ hgf ;]gfsf hjfg / $ hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{sf] b]vfb]v
ePkl5 ;]gfn] lu|g]8 / 5f]6f xltof/ k|of]u u/L uf]nL k|xf/ u/]sf lyP . t/
pgLx?n] k|xf/ u/]sf] lu|g]8 dfcf]jfbLnfO{ gnfu]kl5 dfcf]jfbL
sfo{stf{n]
k|lt/Iffsf] nflu k|lt/f]w ubf{ @ hgf ;]gfsf] d[To' ePsf] / $ hgf efUg ;kmn
ePsf] dfcf]jfbL ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL ;|f]tn] $ hgf dfcf]jfbL
sfo{stf{n] ^ hgfsf] ;d"xnfO{ ;dft]/ @ hgfsf] xTof u/]sf] eGg] k|rf/
:jo+ddf :jefljs gePsf] atfof] . ;]gf;“u b]vfb]v ePkl5 ljgf s'g} r]tfjgL
PSsf;l lu|g]8 / uf]nL k|xf/ ug{] ;]gfsf] lqmofsnfkn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ b]Vg] ljlQs}
cfqmd0f ug{ vf]Hg] pgLx?sf] k|j[lQdf o'4lj/fdsf] cjlwdf klg gkm]l/Psf] pQm
;|f]tn] atfof] .
o; 36gfkl5 l;Gw'nLsf eb|sfnL, sdnfvf]+r /
dl/g If]qdf ;b/d'sfd l;Gw'nLdf8Laf6 uPsf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] Jofks w/ks8 ug{],
vfgtnf;L ug{] / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ wDSofpg] u/]sf] lhNnfaf6 /fhwfgL cfPsf Ps
lzIfsn] hgfb]znfO{ atfP . To;}u/L /fd]5fksf] ;b/d'sfdaf6 uPsf] ;'/Iff
kmf}hn] l;Gw'nLsf jf;]Zj/ / cf;kf;sf If]qdf Jofks vfgtnf;L / w/ks8 ul//x]sf]
klg pgn] hfgsf/L u/fP .
hghflt
gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] kIfdf
sf7df8f}+÷)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgn] cflbjf;L
hghfltx?sf] e]befj / pk]Iff u/]sf]n] hghfltsf] lglDt gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] cfjZostf
eO;s]sf] cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .. pQm s'/f ljZj cflbjf;L hghflt
lbj; @))# ;+o'Qm cfof]hs ;ldlt g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf zlgaf/ sf7df8f}+df ljZj
cflbjf;L hghflt cfGbf]ng / g]kfnsf] cflbjf;L hghflt cfGbf]ngsf] cGt/;DaGw
ljifos ljrf/ uf]i7Lsf jQmfx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
hghfltx?sf] xs clwsf/nfO{ lnP/ ljleGg ;+3
;+:yfx? v'n] klg To;n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] jf:tljs d'lQmsf] nflu s'g} pNn]Vo
e"ldsf v]Ng g;s]sf] u'gf;f] sfo{qmddf cfof]hsx?n] JoQm ug{'ePsf]
lyof] .
pQm
sfo{qmdsf jQmfx?n] g]kfnsf cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, eflifs,
;f“:s[lts, k/Dk/fut, wfld{s tyf e"ld clwsf/dfly /fHo tyf slyt pRr hftaf6
nfdf] ;dob]lv bdg, pTkL8g, cltqmd0f / pk]Iff x'“b} cfO/x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm
ug{'ePsf] 5 . lxGb" ;fdGtjfbL ;+:sf/df x's{]sf zf;sx?n] cflbjf;L
hghfltsf /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / dfgjclwsf/nfO{ s'l07t kfb{} cfO/x]sf]
ljrf/ JoQm ub{} sfo{qmddf k|foM jQmfsf] Pp6} wf/0ff lyof] …o;af6 d'lQm kfpg Ps
eP/ n8\g'k5{ .Ú
sfo{qmddf k/z'/fd tfdfª, ;Ltf/fd tfdfª, /]zd
td' nufotsf jQmfx?n] cf–cfºgf] dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] eg] ljZj cflbjf;L hghflt
cfGbf]ng / g]kfnsf] cflbjf;L hghflt cfGbf]ngsf] cGt/;DaGw ljifos sfo{kq cWoIf
s]=jL= u'?ªn] k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
To:t} sfo{qmddf ;/sf/n] tTsfn cflbjf;L
hghflt d:of}bf 3f]if0ffkq kfl/t ug{ kxn ug{'kg{], ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo e]befj cGTo
ug{'kg{], wd{ lg/k]If /fHosf] 3f]if0ff ug{'kg{], g]kfnsf ;a} efiffnfO{ g]kfnL
ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug{'kg{], hftLo :jzf;gsf] :yfkgf ug{'kg{] dfux? cflbjf;L
hghfltx?n] /fv]sf lyP . o;/L g} g]kfnsf ljleGg 7fp“df ljZj cflbjf;L lbj;
dgfPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
hgd'lQm
;]gf g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts k|lzIf0f ;DkGg
lj/f6gu/÷hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn k"jL{ sdf08 l8lehg cGtu{t
d]rL–sf]zL ;ftf}+ la|u]8 sld;f/ tyf kL=jL=Pd= sd/]8 cg's'nsf] k|d'v cfltYo tyf
d]rL–sf]zL ;ftf}+ la|u]8 sdf08/ sd/]8 ;~hLj, efO; sdf08/ sd/]8 s'j]/,
ls=/f=d'=df]=sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf eQm/fh sGbªjfsf] cfltYodf ;fpg !^ / !& ut]
t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] >Lh'¨ uf=h=;=df k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . !*
cf}+ a6flnog sdf08/ sd/]8 ;+u|fdsf] ;+rfngdf / ;f]xL a6flnog sld;f/ sd/]8
j;Gtsf] ;efkltTjdf / ;f]xL la|u]8 sld;f/ sd/]8 cg's"nn] pb\3f6g ug{' ePsf]
lyof] . ;fy} ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf :jfut efif0f !* cf}+ a6flnog efO; sdf08/
sd/]8 hf]lvdn] lbg' ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L ;f]xL k|lzIf0fdf sDkgL sld;f/
sd/]8 k|]d, sd/]8 lxdfn, sd/]8 cl:dtf / ;ftf}+ la|u]8 efO; sdf08/ sd/]8 s'j]/n]
pb\3f6g dGtJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
hgd'lQm;]gf g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts k|lzIf0fsf]
bf];|f] r/0fdf !* cf}+ a6flnog cGtu{t sDkgLsf Knf6'g sdf08/x?n] l/kf]l6{ª
ug{'ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] aLr aLrdf c?0f hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf
snfsf/x?n] efjk"0f{ ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd k|:t't u/]sf lyP . d]rL–sf]zL
;ftf}+ la|u]8 sld;f/ tyf ;f]xL sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly sd/]8 cg's"nn] @!
cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf] bfloTj, st{Jo;“u} kf6L{, ;]gf / ;Qfsf]
af/]df /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt;“u} clxn] rln/x]sf] zflGtjftf{sf]
af/]df jf ;+u7gsf] s]Gb|Lo of]hgf / l/kf]l6{ªdf p7]sf k|;+usf] af/]df :ki6
kfg{'ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L ;f]xL la|u]8 sdf08/ sd/]8 ;+hLjn] klg efjL
;Defjgf / r'gf}tLsf] af/]df ;]gfleq b]lvPsf] ;d:ofaf/] :ki6 kfg{' ePsf]
lyof] . ;f]xL sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf k'/fgf] ;“:s[ltsf] phfu/ ub{} gof“
;“:s[ltsf] ljhf/f]k0f ug{] ;jfndf hgjfbL ljjfx ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
/fk|sf
;xdxfdGqL sfnf] ;"lrdf
sf7df8f}+÷df]6f] /sd vfP/ ;kf¨ JolQmnfO{
ckf¨ cWoIf agfP/ u[xdGqfnoaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fpg] /fk|kf ;xdxfdGqL v]d/fh kl08tsf]
gfd ckf¨x?n] sfnf] ;"rLdf /fv]sf 5g\ . pQm s'/f lxhf] lbp;f] /fk|kf
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no sdnkf]v/Ldf ckf¨x?sf] gf/f h'n'; k'u]kl5 yfxf ePsf] xf] .
/fhg}lts x:tIf]k aGb u/, e|i6 v]d/fh
kl08tnfO{ sf/jfxL u/, sfg"gL/fhsf] kfngf u/, ckf¨ km'6fpg] tTj
d"bf{jfb, u[xdGqfnosf] )^) c;f/ @& sf] lg0f{o kfngf u/, u[xdGqfnosf]
)^) ;fpg !^ sf] lg0f{o vf/]h u/, u}/ ckf¨ g]t[TjnfO{ sf/jfxL u/, ckf¨ Pstf
lhGbfjfbsf] gf/f 3Gsfp“b} /fli6«o ckf¨ dxf;+3 ;'b[9Ls/0f cleofg ;dGjo ;ldltsf
;+of]hs ?Sdfut Gof}kfg]sf] g]t[Tjdf uPsf] Ps x'n ckf¨x?n] lxhf] lbp;f] !! ah]
/fk|kf s]Gb|Lo sfof{no 3]/fp u/] .. ;f]xL cj;/df cQflnPsf /fk|kf g]tf
sfo{stf{x?n] sfof{no aGb u/L n's]sf lyP .
s]xLa]/sf] s'/fsfgL kl5 sfof{no vf]n]sf
/fk|kf g]tfx?n] ckf¨x?n] p7fPsf] ljifo hfoh ePsf] atfPsf lyP eg] ckf¨x?n] !
306fsf] wgf{ lb+bf efif0f klg u/]sf lyP .
;f]xL cj;/df g]qxLg k|f=uf]ljGb cfrfo{n]
Ko"7fgaf6 abgfd ePsf] v]d/fh kl08tn] sf7df8f}+ k'u]/ ckf¨sf] /ut r':g
nfu]sf]df p;sf] gfd sfnf] ;"rLdf r9fpg' k5{ eGg'ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L
pQm sf]0f;efnfO{ ;+of]hs ?Sdfut Gof}kfg], k"j{ cWoIf l/ds sf]O/fnf / alx/f
s[i0f uh'/]nn] ;Daf]wg ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
ckf¨ dxf;+3sf] ljjfbf:kb s'/fdf clVtof/
b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cg';Gwfg ub{} u/]sf] a]nf /fk|kfsf ;xdxfdGqL v]d/fh
kl08tn] lgota; ut ;fpg !^ ut] u[xdGqfnosf u[x;lrj l6sfbQ lg/f}nfnfO{ ;QFwf/L kf6L{sf]
b'?kof]u u/L bjfjdf lg0f{o pN6fpg] sfd u/]sf lyP . u}/sfg"gL sfo{ ug{
gSsnL ckf¨ cWoIf d'lgZj/ kf08]nfO{ cg'dlt lbg nufpg] ;xdxfdGqL kf08]sf] pQm
sfo{sf] 3f]/ eT;{gf ub{} o; cl3 g} ?Sdfut Gkf}kfg]n] jQmJo ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf
lyP . :d/0f/xf];\, cfhsf] gf/f h'n';n] /GylgPsf /fk|kf ;xdxfdGqL kl08t /
gSsnL ckf¨ cWoIf d'lgZj/ kf08]sf] ;Nnfxn] cfufdL @* ut] lbp“;f] # ah] /fk|kf
s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf jftf{ ug{] s'/f] rn]sf] 5 .
cj}w
ef/tLo ?k}of“;lxt kqsf/ kqmfp
sf7df8f}+÷;fpg @^ ut] ck|ToIf ?kdf ef/tLo
nufgL /x]sf] ljjfbf:kb cGgk"0f{ kf]i6 b}lgssf kqsf/ nf]s]Gb| s]=;L=af6 !$
nfv gSsnL ef/tLo ?k}of;lxt lu/ºtf/Lsf] 36gfn] kqsfl/tf hutdf dflkmof /
t:s/x?sf] rnv]n / xflnd'xfnL a9\b} uPsf] cfz+sfnfO{ an k'¥ofPsf] 5 .
pQm 36gfsf] 5fgljgsf] dfu ub{} g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj lji0f' lgi7'/Ln] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub{} bf]ifLdfly sfjf{xL ug{
tyf 36gfsf] ulx/fOdf k'u]/ 5fgljg ug{ ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{'ePsf]
5 . o:t} g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sf7df8f}+ zfvfsf ;efklt xl/ nD;fnn]
cGgk"0f{ kf]i6 b}lgssf kqsf/ nf]s]Gb| s]=;L=n] kqsf/sf] k|]; kf; b'?kof]u
u/L cfd kqsf/x?nfO{ nlHht agfpg] sfo{ u/]sf]df v]b k|s6 ug{'ePsf] 5 .
pxf“n] cj}w ef/tLo d'b|fsf] sfo{ u/L kqsfl/tf If]qs} dfgdb{g ug{] sfo{ u/]sf]df
Iff]e JoQm ub{} 36gfsf] ;To tYo kQf nufpg dfu ug{' ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L hgkIfLo kqsf/ ;+3, kqsf/ dxf;+3
/fhwfgL zfvf, g]kfn cfly{s kqsf/ ;dfh / l/kf]6{;{ Snan] klg pQm 36gfsf] lgGbf
u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L ljb]zL nufgLdf rn]sf kqklqsfn] ljleGg ;dodf sfnf] wgnfO{
;]tf] agfpg k|of; u/]sf] s'/fk|lt lgi7fk"j{s k]zfdf nfu]sf kqsf/x? lrlGtt
ePsf 5g\ . o; 36gfnfO{ g]kfnaf6 k|sflzt x'g] b}lgs tyf ;fKtflxs klqsfx?n]
k|d'vtfsf ;fy k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\ . kqsf/ s]=;L=n] ljut Ps b'O{ dlxgf
cl3b]lv cj}w ef/tLo ?k}ofsf] sf/f]af/ ug{] u/]sf] ;dfrf/;|f]tx?n] atfPsf
5g\ . xfn cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf /x]sf kqsf/ s]=;L=nfO{ zlgaf/ olt Po/nfOG;sf]
ºnfO6 l;d/f hfg nfUbf cj}w % ;o / Ps xhf/ b/sf !$ nfv ef/tLo ?k}of ;lxt k|x/Ln]
kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] . pgn] ;Ld/f k7fpg nfluPsf] P cfnd eGg] JolQm gfd gSsnL
ePsf] cfz+sf ul/Psf] 5 .
gful/s P]Soa4tf ;d"xn] 5nkmn ug{]
sf7df8f}+÷zflGtsf
nflu gful/s PSoa4tf ;d"xn] zflGtsf kIf lnP/ snd rnfpg] kqsf/x?;“u cfpbf]
laxLaf/ 5nkmn ug{] ePsf] 5 . pQm 5nkmndf zflGtjftf{af/] ;xL ;"rgf
s;/L lbg], zflGtsf] nflu hgdt l;h{gf s;/L ug]{, zflGtjftf{sf] ljsl;t 36gfqmdsf]
;TotfnfO{ s;/L phfu/ ug{] cflb ljifodf 5nkmn x'g]5 . lsgls cfhef]ln
zflGtjftf{af/] unt l/kf]6{ ;d]t aflx/ cfPsfn] / Jofks e|dsf] v]tL ul//x]sfn]
pQm 5nkmnsf] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] s'/f d"Nof+sg dfl;ssf ;Dkfbs Zofd >]i7n]
atfpg' ePsf] 5 . ;Dkfbs >]i7sf cg';f/ zflGtsf nflu ldl8of g]6js{ u7g ug{'kg{]
cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .
!$ s/f]8sf 3f]6fnfdWo] #% km/f/
sf7df8f}+÷g]kfnsf]
z}lIfs If]q Jofkf/Ls/0f dfq xf]Og e|i6Ls/0ftkm{ al9/x]sf] s'/f k|ToIf x]g{
lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cWoog ubf{ k'Ug] ePsf] 5 . ;dfrf/ cg';f/
lq=lj=df !$ s/f]8 3f]6fnf ug{]dWo] # hgf lu/ºtf/ k/]kl5 #% hgf sd{rf/Lx? b'O{
xKtfb]lv km/f/ /x]sf 5g\ .
sf+u|];
/ Pdfn]sf] emf]nf af]s]sfx?n] ls/0fdfg P08 sDkgL eGg] sf]if )$( ;fndf :yfkgf
u/L cj}w ?kdf ;+rfng ub{} cfPsf lyP . xfn lq=lj= leqsf sd{rf/Lx?df pQm
s'/fsf] vnan a9]kl5 ls/0fdfg l;+x 8+uf]n, /f]zgL lrqsf/, /fhefO lrqsf/ s]xL
lbgb]lv k|x/L lx/f;tdf nluPkl5 #% hgf 3f]6fnfx? sf7df8f}+df e"ldut eP/
sfof{no hfg 5f]8]sf 5g\ .
;dfrf/
;"qsf cg';f/ aflif{s $)÷$) xhf/ af]g; :j?k ;'gsf l;Ssf kfpg', Pp6}
jgef]hdf @ nfv vr{ ug{] ug{', rg's'df/ /fO{ / lgns07nfn >]i7n] ljleGg 7fp“df
SofDk; vf]n]/ Jofkf/ ug{', ;'4axfb'/ t08'sf/ / 6xnaxfb'/ v8\sfn] sf]ifsf] /sdn]
km'tL{ ug{' cflb o;} sf]if b'?kof]usf] gd"gf xf] . pQm lq=lj=
;"q eG5– lq=lj=sf sd{rf/Lx?n] cfºgf] k]6 sf6]/ hDdf u/]sf] /sd ‰jfd kfg{]
gfOs]x? xg'dfg 9f]sfdf y'lgPsf 5g\ .. pgLx?n] )%! ;fnb]lv lq=lj=sf] s'g}
klg sfd gu/L tna eQf vfPsf lyP eg] km/f/ /x]sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ eg] lq=lj=
k|zf;gn] km/f/ x'g] jftfj/0f ldnfPsf] 5 . :d/0f/xf];\, lq=lj=sf
sd{rf/Lx?n] pQm gfnLa]nL dfcf]jfbL hgcbfntdf btf{ u/fO;s]sf] s'/f kLl8t
sd{rf/Ln] hgfb]znfO{ atfPsf 5g\ .
dhb"/
lhNnf ;Dd]ngx? ;DkGg
;'g;/L÷clvn g]kfn dhb"/ ;+3 ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] k|yd lhNnf
;Dd]ng >fj0f @$ ut] ;'g;/Lsf] zf/bf df=lj= vgf/df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
æuf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/, ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] kIfdf Pstfa4 xf]cf}+,
k|yd ;'g;/L lhNnf ;Dd]ng eJotfsf ;fy ;kmn kf/f}+Æ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy
lhNnfel/sf dhb'/x?sf] ljz]if pkl:ylt /x]sf] e]nfdf k|d'v cltly clvn g]kfn 6]«8
o'lgog dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o uf]kfn b+ufnn] pb\3f6g ug{'ePsf] lyof] eg] ;Dd]ng
cfof]hs sld6Lsf ;+of]hs rGb| c5fdLn] cWoIftf ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf]
;+rfng 1fg]Gb| s6'jfnn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] eg] ljleGg df]rf{sf k|ltlglwx?n]
z'esfdgf dGtJo / :jfut dGtJo slj/fh ;'j]bLn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] rGb| c5fdLsf] cWoIftfdf @ ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L !%
;b:oLo sfo{;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf s]bf/ e08f/L, ;lrj 1fg]Gb|
s6'jfn, ;xlrj efg' d}gfnL, sf]iffWoIf pdfnfn rf}w/L x'g'x'G5 eg] ;b:ox?df
/fdk|;fb uf}td, dgf]h af:sf]6f, Zofd lu/L, lbg]z kf]v|]n, k/]; jfGtjf, x]d/fh
;'Aaf, slj/fh ;'j]bL, l6sf/fd vltj8f /xg' ePsf] 5 . pQm dhb'/ ;Dd]ngn]
a]kQf kfl/Psf dhb"/ g]tfx? pd]z ;]9fO, ldl> lwdfn, xl/ l;+x nufotnfO{
;fj{hlgs ug{'sf ;fy} dhb"/x?sf ;d:ofx? xn ug{ ;+u7gn] k]z u/]sf] !@ a'“b]
dfu k"/f gu/] r/0fa4?kdf h'emf? cfGbf]ng ug{] lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 .
dhb"/
e]nf ;DkGg
dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf] ljleGg pBf]u tyf snsf/vfgfdf sfo{/t
dhb"/x/sf] oxL ;fpg !& ut] ePsf] e]nfn] cfsfz d}gfnL ;+of]hs /x]sf]
;ft ;b:oLo lhNnf ;Dd]ng cfof]hs sld6L u7g u/]sf] 5 .
k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ;f] e]nfdf k|d'v
cltlysf] tkm{af6 af]Ng' x'“b} clvn g]kfn 6]«8 o'lgog dxf;+3, s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf
;lrj u0f]z /]UdLn] lgDg k"“hLjfbL lrGtgsf sf/0f g]kfnL dhb"/ cfGbf]ng
cufl8 a9\g g;Sg] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} pxf“n] ;j{xf/fjuL{o
cfGbf]ng cyjf ju{;+3if{sf] sl8;“u dhb"/ cfGbf]ng hf]8\g' / p7fg ug{'
cfhsf] k|d'v cfjZostf ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .. dhb"/x?sf] ljBdfg ;d:ofsf]
xn jt{dfg /fhg}lts ;+s6sf] lgsf;df gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fåf/f dfq ePsf] lgisif{
;f] e]nfn] lgsfn]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
cf:yfsf
aGbLx? k'gM cfGbf]lnt
s~rgk'/÷!)$ hgf aGbL /x]sf s~rgk'/ h]nsf
aGbLx?n] s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df ;xdlt ePsf dfu nfu" gx'“bf k'gM !# ;"qLo
dfu /fvL cfd/0f cg;gdf pq]sf 5g\ .. ut ;fpg !@ ut]af6 b]jLnfn rf}w/L,
jL/axfb'/ yfkf, s/0fnfn rf}w/L, /fh]z rf}w/L / ;Ldf rf}w/L u/L % hgf cf:yfsf
aGbLx? pQm dfux? k"/f u/fpg cfd/0f cg;gdf a;]sf 5g\ . o:t} c?
lhNnfx?df klg ;xdlt cg';f/ sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ljefun] b}lgs ?= !% af6 #) l;bf
a[l4 u/fpg] s'/fdf jf:tf g} gu/]sf] em}+ b]lvPsfn] cf:yfsf aGbLx? k'gM
cfGbf]lnt eO/x]sf 5g\ .
bfr{'nf–a}t8Ldf 3'DtL :jf:Yo
lzlj/
;'b"/ klZrdsf] clt ljs6 lhNnfdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
lrlsT;sx?åf/f lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo lzlj/x? rln/x]sf 5g\ . h;df bfr{'nf, a}t8Ldf
kmfu'gaf6 ;'? ePsf] 3'DtL lzlj/ sl/a $ dlxgf;Dd ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .
hgtfsf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t lrlsT;sx? o'4sf] a]nf a9L h;f] ;do
3fOt]x?;“u latfp“b} cfP klg clxn] cfP/ hgtfsf] 3/ 3/df 6f]n6f]ndf uP/
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kysf] ljrf/df nfda4 x'g] hgtfnfO{ lgz'Ns
pkrf/ ;]jfdf a9L ;do lbO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] ;]jf bfr{'nf a}t8Ldf dfq sl/a !@
xhf/ hgtfnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . o; pkrf/ ;]jfdf ;fgf] aRrfb]lv a[4f;Dd
;a}sf] ;]jf ul/Psf] lyof] . a9Lh;f] /f]uLx? Uofl:6s, cN;/, bd, ?3fvf]sL,
bGt /f]uL, s'kf]if0f, n'tf]b]lv lnP/ kvfnf cflbsf lyP eg] ;fdfGo ;Nolqmofsf]
Joj:yf klg ul/Psf] lyof] .
o;/L hgtfnfO{ lgz'Ns?kdf tfhf cf}ifwL lnP/
hf“bf hgtfsf] dfgl;stf s] klg alg;s]sf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbLsf 8fS6/x?sf] cf}ifwLn]
/f]u lgsf] u/fp“5 . %) k|ltzt dfgl;s ?kdf /f]u ;~rf] eO;s]sf] /f]uLx?sf] cg'ej
x'“bf /f]u ;~rf] u/fpg ;/n ePsf] 5 . o;n] hgtfdf efjgfTds Pstf ;'dw'/ agfPsf]
x'“bf pgLx? ca cfpg] ;Qfsf] cfzfe/f];fdf al;/x]sf 5g\ .
td'jfgsf]
afudtL If]qLo ;Dks{ ;ldlt
sf7df8f}+÷sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] ljleGg efudf 5l/P/ /x]sf 8]9
nfv td'x?sf] Ps e]nfn] hftLo :jzf;g / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf] nflu
td'jfg d'lQm df]rf{sf] afudtL If]qLo ;Dks{ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf 5g\ . juL{o
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf ;fy} hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] hgo'4nfO{ cfly{s, g}lts / ef}lts
;xof]u ug{] df]rf{sf ;+:yfks ;b:o tyf ;Nnfxsf/ d' td' / ;Ddfg td', s]Gb|Lo
;]qm]6l/o6 ;b:o u0f]z td'sf] pkl:yltdf u7g ePsf] 5 . cf/=lj= td'sf]
cWoIftfdf ul7t afudtL If]qLo ;Dks{ ;ldltsf] ;lrjdf ;Ddfg td' /xg' ePsf] 5 eg]
;b:ox?df k|r08Wjh td', uLtf td', ;"o{ls/0f td', w'|j td' / pHHjn ;L td'
/xg' ePsf] 5 .
aNn
xnf] hf]Tg] afx'gafh] s] eG5g\
x'Dnf÷ x'Dnf lhNnfsf] Pl/of g+= ^ cGtu{t kg{] u|fdL0f
ufp“a:tLdf k'vf{}+b]lv pkfWofo a|fDx0fn] xnf] hf]Tg' x'Gg, xnf] hf]t] hft v:5 /
kl08t sfdaf6 al~rt eOG5 eGg] s'k|yf lyof] . oxf“sf pkfWofo a|fDx0fx?n]
cfºgf] xnf] cfkm"n] ghf]tL To; u|fdL0f ufp“a:tLsf blnt If]qL pTkLl8t
hfltx?nfO{ Ps 5fs vfgf;Dd lbO{ lbgel/ xnf] hf]tfpg] / cfkm" x}sd hdfO a:g]
u/]sf lyP . tL ul/a pTkLl8t hfltx?n] To;/L a|fDx0fx?sf] xnf] ghf]ltlbPdf
pgLx?nfO{ bf;af6 lgsfnL lbG5' eGg] lsl;dsf wDsL ;x]/ a:g'kYof{] .
:yfgLo hgjfbL ;Qf rln;s]kl5 pQm s'k|yfsf]] cGTo eO tL
k'vf{}+b]lv x}sd hdfO{ a;]sf a|fDx0fx?n] cfºgf] xnf] cfkm} hf]Tg yfn]/ To;
ufp“a:tLsf tL xnf] hf]Tg] bf; ul/ax?n] cfºgf] d'lQm ePsf] dx;'; u/]sf
5g\ . o;} ljifonfO{ lnP/ ;f]xL ufpsf lzjk|;fb pkfWofo;“u lh1f;f /fVbf
…a|fDx0fn] xnf] hf]Tg' x'Gg eGg] s'/f xfd|f k'vf{x?n] cfkm" x}sd ug{sf]
lglDt / cfkm" sfdaf6 pDsgsf] lglDt ckgfPsf] Pp6f hfn xf]Ú h:tf]
nfU5 eg] .
To:t} slxNo} xnf] ghf]t]sf] dfG5]n] clxn] PSsf;L xnf]
hf]Tg'kbf{ tkfO{nfO{ s:tf] dx;'; eof] egL k|Zg ubf{– klxnf] lbg s]xL cK7]/f]
dx;'; eof] . kl5 @÷$ lbg hf]lt;s]kl5 /fd|} nfUof] . lsgls of] Pp6f
em'7f] e|d /x]5 . To;n] ubf{ cfºgf] cfjZostf cg';f/ hltv]/ klg hf]Tg
;lsg], cfºgf] v]t cfkm} /fd|f];“u hf]Tg klg kfOg] / c?sf] e/df klg kg{ gkg{]
atfpg' x'G5 . tkfO{nfO{ s;}n] bafj lbP ls eGg] k|Zgdf …bafj s;}n] klg
lbPgg\ t/ pxf“x?sf] ;a} s'/f tyf 5nkmn ;'Gbf 7Ls} xf] xnf] hf]Tbf s]xL km/s
gknf{ eGg]nfUof] / hf]ltof] klgÚ eGg'x'G5 .
bGt
P]8Laf6
dfemLsf]
lhNnf e]nf
/fd]5fk÷juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng;“u Psfsf/ eP/
cfd hftLo d'lQm ;Dej 5 eGg] dfGotfsf ;fy /fd]5fkdf dfemL /fli6«o d'lQm
df]rf{sf] lhNnf e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .. oxL ;fpg @! ut] ;DkGg e]nfn] dfemL
pTyfg s]Gb|af6 ljb|f]x u/L !% ;b:oLo dfemL d'lQm df]rf{sf] lhNnf ;ldlt u7g
u/]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
k|x/Lsf]
ldn]dtf]df uf“hf Jofkf/ ug{] uf“hf t:s/ dfcf]jfbL >dlzlj/df
l;/xf÷oxL
>fj0f @) ut] l;/xfsf] lh/f] dfOn eGg] 7fp“af6 dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ sd/]8
ld;fOnn] / sd/]8 /fdlk|tåf/f Ps s'Voft /f;b]j ofbj gfdsf uf“hf t:s/nfO{ lu/ºtf/
u/]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
l;/xfs}
lji0f'k'/sl§ uf=h=;=sf :yfgLo uf“hf Jofkf/L /fdrGb|sf] 3/df uf“hf vl/b ug{
cfp“b} u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] ;–k|df0f lu/ºtf/ u/]sf 5g\ .
b]p/L–@, ;Kt/L 3/ atfpg] /f;b]j ofbjn] 7fp“ cg';f/ leGbfleGb} gfdx? atfpb}
dxf/fhhL, n]x'l/of, ef]6', u'?, eut cflb gfdn] kl/lrt x'“b} cfPsf] s'/f
dfcf]jfbL ;"qn] atfPsf] 5 . pQm t:s/sfcg';f/ uf“hf cf];f/–k;f/df
;+nUg ePsf] sl/a ^÷& jif{ eO;s]sf] / g]kfnaf6 lgof{t ul/Psf] uf“hf ef/tsf]
gof“ lbNnL, ef]kfn;Dd cfkm}n] a]Rg] u/]sf] v'Ng cfPsf] 5 . xfn;Dddf pQm
t:s/n] g]kfnaf6 dfq ! xhf/ s]=hL= eGbf a9L uf“hf lgof{t ul/;s]sf] atfOG5 .
ef/tdf y'k|} k6s lu/ºtf/ ePsf t:s/ ofbj g]kfndf xfn;Dd / pgsf] uf“hf lu/ºtf/
x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . :d/0f/xf];\, g]kfndf lu/ºtf/ gx'g'sf] sf/0f gfsf /
;LdfIf]qsf k|x/Lx?;“u ldn]dtf] ePsf]n] xf] eg] ef/tdf lu/ºtf/ eP klg k|x/LnfO{
k};f v'jfP/ 5'6\g] u/]sf] s'/f lu/ºtf/kl5 t:s/ ofbjn] hglx/f;tdf atfPsf
5g\ . g]kfndf uf“hfsf] vl/b / u'0f:t/ x]/]/ k|lt s]=hL= @))–%)) ;Dd x'G5 eg]
ef/tdf ljqmL b/ cfO=;L= !!)) ;Dd x'g] ub{5 . g]kfndf o;/L Jofkf/ ug{]
lu/f]xsf] ;+Vof sl/a $)÷%) hgf;Dd /x]sf] / To;sf] g]t[Tjdf /f;b]j ofbj /x]sf]
hglx/f;tdf pgn] :jLsf/]sf 5g\ . cfjZos ;f]wk'5 / cg';Gwfg kZrft\
dfcf]jfbLsf] lhNnf ;ldlt l;/fxfn] >d lzlj/df xfn]sf] s'/f yfxf x'g cfPsf]
5 .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f
k|x/L xTofsf] ;dfrf/sf] v08g
gjnk/f;L÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ gjnk/f;L lhNnf
;]qm]6l/o6 ;b:o s= cljgf;n] s]xL lbg cufl8 afl9klx/f]sf] tYof+s ;+sng ug{
vl6Psf Ok|sf /hx/df sfo{/t k|x/L hjfg lji0f'k|;fb ofbjnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] xTof
u/]sf] eGg] ;dfrf/df dfcf]jfbLsf] s'g} ;+nUgtf gePsf] :ki6 kfg{' ePsf] 5 .
pxf“n] Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L To:tf skf]nslNkt, c;To, e|fds ;dfrf/ k|sflzt
ug{' g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ abgfd u/fpg' afx]s s]xL gePsf] klg atfpg' ePsf]
5 . ut z'qmaf/ ofbjnfO{ c1ft ;d"xn] xTof u/]sf] lyof] .
ls;fg / tfdfªx? ;+ul7t
g'jfsf]6÷g'jfsf]6sf
ljleGg ufp“x?df ls;fgx? / tfdfªx? ;+ul7t eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;}aLr ;fpg !! ut]
yk|]s uf=h=;=df c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] k|yd Onfsf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf]
5 .. ;Dd]ngn] ef]nfl;+x 7s'/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !! ;b:oLo Onfsf ;ldlt u7g
u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ;fpg !@ ut] ;f]xL 7fp“df tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{
g]kfnsf] k|yd Onfsf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn] s[i0faxfb'/ tfdfªsf]
;+of]hsTjdf !# ;b:oLo Onfsf ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . o;}aLr Onfsf g+= ^ sf]
cfof]hgfdf hghfu/0f tyf ;+u7g cleofg ;DkGg ePsf] ;f] Pl/ofn] hgfPsf] 5 .
xTof, anfTsf/,
a]kQfsf] qmd a9\bf]
sf7df8f}+÷t];|f]
r/0fsf] jftf{sf nflu ;/sf/ cfkm" tof/ ePsf] / cfºgf] ;'/Iffkmf}hn]
cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf ul//x]sf] atfO/x] klg o; xKtf klg b]zJofkL ?kdf xTof,
anfTsf/, a]kQf / lu/ºtf/Lsf 36gfx? oyfjt 5g\ . ljleGg 7fp“df cfºgf cfkmGt
lu/ºtf/Ldf k/]sf], a]kQf kfl/Psf] jf anfTsf/ ul/Psf] atfp“b} b]zsf ljleGg efusf
gful/sn] dfgjclwsf/jfbL, kqsf/ / cGo ;DalGwt ;+:yfx?sf] Wofg cfslif{t u/fPsf
5g\ .. ljleGg :yfgdf lu/ºtf/ u/L a]kQf agfOPsf gful/ssf cfkmGtn] cfºgf
cfkmGtx? vf]lhlbg ;d]t dfu u/]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf]k6s ;f]n'vDa', b}n]v, kf“ry/
nufotsf :yfgx?af6 lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf gful/ssf af/]df ;'/Iffkmf}h jf cGon] s]xL
gaf]n]sf]df tL gful/ssf kl/jf/n] cfqmf]z ;d]t kf]Vg yfn]sf 5g\ . b]zsf
ljleGg efudf ePsf To:tf 36gfx?nfO{ oxf“ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . xTof ul/Psf,
lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf, a]kQf kfl/Psf / anfTsf/
ul/Psf gful/ssf kl/jf/n] dfgjclwsf/jfbL, kqsf/ / ;DalGwt ;+:yfn]
uDeL/tfk"j{s o; ;DaGwL rf;f] /fVg cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .
b}n]vdf lu/ºtf/L, anfTsf/ / xTof
b}n]vsf]
nfnLsf“8f uf=h=;=sf] w/dkf]v/fdf /fhg}lts sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ePsf] a]nf dfcf]jfbL
sfo{stf{ cleofg If]qLnfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/L xTof ul/Psf] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ b}n]vn]
hgfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ;f]xL 36gfdf b}n]vsf] /fgLdQf l/lk6/ 6fj/af6 uPsf]
zfxL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] ufoqL, nufot ^ hgf snfsf/x?nfO{ kqmL anfTsf/ u/]sf] ;d]t
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . !@ jif{b]lv !* jif{sf snfsf/x?nfO{ ;fd"lxs anfTsf/
u/L cwd/f] kf/]/ lu/ºtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pQm 36gfsf] 3f]/ eT;gf{ ub{} lu/ºtf/
ul/Psfsf] t'?Gt l/xf ug{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ b}n]vn] dfu u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}
pQm 36gf ePsf] ufp“sf :yfgLo jfl;GbfnfO{ ;]gfn] lgd{d s'6lk6 u/]sf] klg
atfOPsf] 5 .
;+v'jf;efdf Ps dfcf]jfbL lu/ºtf/
;'/Iffkmf}hn]
dfgsfhL lj=s= -cd[t_ nfO{ ;b/d'sfd vf“bjf/Laf6 ^ sf]if k"j{df kg{] afgf
uf=h=;=af6 6]lnkmf]g ug{ cfPsf] a]nf ;'/Iff kmf}hn] lu/ºtf/ u/]sf] 5 .
cd[t Pl/of ^ sf Pl/of ;]qm]6/L ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . pgnfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/L
vf“baf/L nu] klg pgsf kl/jf/nfO{ e]63f6 ug{ glbOPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
s~rgk'/df cf7 JolQm lu/ºtf/
s~rgk'/sf]
xNb'vfn uf=h=;= af6 kf“r dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf] dx]Gb|gu/l:yt
;'/Iff kmf}hn] atfPsf] 5 . Ps dlxnf / rf/ k'?ifnfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/L
dx]Gb|gu/l:yt ;"o{bn u'Nddf /flvPsf] 5 . pgLx?af6 lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ /
b:tfj]h a/fdb ul/Psf] elgP klg To;sf] k'li6
u/fOPsf]
5}g . To;}u/L b]vte'nL uf=h=;=sf] d'nLaf6 klg ;'/Iffkmf}hn] tLg
JolQmx?nfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/]sf]] hgfOPsf] 5 . t/ lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf JolQmx?nfO{
sfg"g;Ddt cbfntdf k]z ug{] / ;fj{hlgs ug{] sfd ePsf] 5}g .
bfªdf
tLg hgf lu/km\tf/
bfªdf ljleGg xftxltof/ agfPsf] cleof]udf
;'/Iffkmf}hn] tLg hgf JolQmx?nfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf] 8'?jf
uflj;af6 ;f]xL 7fp“sf ;j{;fwf/0f dfgaxfb'/ lj=s=, lzjgf/fo0f rf}w/L / k'is/
e§/fO{ /x]sf 5g\ . ;'/Iffkmf}hn] xjfO kmfo/ u/L :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ cft+lst
kfb{} tL tLghgfnfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
lu/km\tf/k|lt
dfcf]jfbLsf] cfqmf]z
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ?kGb]xL ;]qm]6/L
lgd{ns'df/n] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L ;f+u7lgs sfddf lx8]sf] dlxnf / ls;fgnfO{
;'/Iff kmf}hn] lu/ºtf/ u/L j]kQf agfPsf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . o; cl3 e}/xjfaf6
;fpg @! ut] ;'/Iffkmf}hn] lrtjg u'~hgu/sL clDasf d'8e/L tyf ?kGb]xL l6s'nLu9sf
ls;fg 1fgk|;fb e't{]nnfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
lgd{ns'df/n] jQmJodf ;f+u7lgs sfddf lx8]sf
JolQmnfO{ tyfslyt rGbf p7fPsf] cf/f]kdf lu/ºtf/ u/L j]kQf agfpg] sfo{k|lt v]b
JoQm ub{} pgLx?sf] l/xf ug{ dfu ;d]t ug{'ePsf] 5 .
Ko"7fgaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ alhafª
uf=h=;= j8f g+= $ bxrf}/df le+u|Laf6 r]/g]6ftkm{ uO/x]sf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf
lgz:q sfo{stf{dfly nfdfrf}/ Jof/]saf6 uPsf] zfxL ;]gfn] cGwfw'Gw kmfol/ª u/L
b'O{hgfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO a]kQf kf/]sf] 5 .. ;fy}, ;f]xL 36gfdf s]xL
emf]nf / #%)) gub ;d]t zfxL ;]gfn] n'6]sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] 36gfkl5
pQm :yfg jl/kl/ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ wDsL lbg] / cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
;j{;fwf/0fn] o'4lj/fdsf] cg'ej ug{ gkfPsf] u'gf;f] ;d]t u/]sf] ;dfrf/df pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L Ko"7fgsf] ;b/d'sfd vn+ufdf
k|rf/k|;f/df ;lqmo clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/L ;b/d'sfd
5f]8\g ;/sf/L ;'/Iff ;ldltn] u/]sf] cfb]zk|lt Ps jQmJo k|sflzt u/L eT;gf{
ul/Psf] 5 .
Ko"7fgaf6 ltns lh=Pd=n] k7fPsf] ;dfrf/
cg';f/ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;ldlt
Ko"7fgn] ;fpg @! ut] Ps kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/L ;b/d'sfd vn+ufdf zflGtjftf{sf]
k|rf/k|;f/ u/L ;dod} ;'/lIft :yfgtkm{ uO/x]sf] avtdf slyt lhNnf ;'/Iff l6dn]
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf lhNnf cWoIf vu]Zj/ s]=;L= nufot !! hgfnfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/L
cgfjZos ef}lts Pj+ dfgl;s oftgf / t'?Gt vn+uf 5f]8\g egL lbPsf] wDsLk|lt 3f]/
eT;gf{ u/]sf] 5 .. kqsf/ ;Dd]nngdf ljtl/t k|]; lj1lKtdf dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xL
/ k'/fgf] ;QfkIfaLr o'4lj/fd eO{ zflGtjftf{ rln/x]sf] avtdf ;+j}wflgs dof{bf /
cfr/0fsf] pkxf; ub}{ ul/Psf] lu/ºtf/Ln] ;Qf kIfsf] zflGtjftf{ ug{] egfOsf] ;d]t
wHhL p8fPsf] 5 / jf:tljs cy{df k'/fgf] ;Qf jftf{ lj/f]wL ePsf] s'/f k'li6 ePsf]
5Æ elgPsf] 5 .
æxfdL rfxG5f}+ jftf{nfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf cufl8
a9fpg ;'/Iff lgsfosf] o:tf] xs{t t'?Gt aGb ug{'kg{] / lu/ºtf/L ul/Psf] ;'/Iff
lgsfonfO{ cfTdfnf]rgf ug{'k5{ . ;fy} ;'/Iff lgsfosf] o:tf] unt /j}ofsf]
lj?4 ;Dk"0f{ ;+3 ;+:yf, dfgjclwsf/jfbL kqsf/ / Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfon] ;lqmo
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ cg'/f]w ub{5f}+Æ jQmJodf elgPsf] 5 . jQmJosf]
cGTodf æcem} zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ug{ kfpg] k|rf/k|;f/ / cGo clwsf/nfO{ s'Nrg]
b':;fx; u/]df To;af6 lg:sg] s'g} klg kl/l:yltsf] lhDd]jf/L klg ;DalGwt kIf x'g]
s'/f hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5f}+Æ elgPsf] 5 .
g'jfsf]6df
lu/km\tf/ u/L s'6lk6
g'jfsf]6af6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ k~rsGof ufh;
df ;fpg !% ut] @ hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ lj1fg / ljZjnfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/L lkl6Psf]
5 . ;b/d'sfdaf6 !% ls=dL= eGbf 6f9f pQm 7fp“df lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf tL b'Oaf6 bz
xhf/ gub hkmt u/L ef]lnkN6 b'j}nfO{ 5f]l8Psf] 5 . o; cl3 c;f/ @& ut]
dfnfe~Hofªaf6 $ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/]/ oftgf lbO 5fl8Psf]
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ g'jfsf]6n] hgfPsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf
rf/ lgMz:q sfo{stf{ a]kQf
o;}u/L sf:sLdf elnan v]n v]ln/x]sf
dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ zfxL ;]gf ;lxtsf] ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff 6f]nLn] ckx/0f u/L
a]kQf kf/]sf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf:sLsf ;lrj OGb|hLtn]
lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ sf:sL lhNnfsf] lwtfn uflj;l:yt sflnsf:yfgsf] Ps rf}/df
lbp;f] @ ah] elnan v]ln/x]sf dfcf]jfbl sfo{stf{nfO{ ;'/Iff kmf}hn] PSsf;L 3]/f
xfnL ckx/0f u/]sf] / a]kQf agfO/fv]sf] 5 .
;'/Iff kmf}hsf] 3]/f tf]8]/ efUg ;kmn cGo
dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ ;]gfåf/f ckx/0f ul/Psf /f]Nkf
s'/]nL uflj;–^ sf lbnaxfb'/ /f]sf, /f]Nkf x\jfdf uflj;–% SjfkftfnsL cfzfs'df/L
/fgf / ?s'dsf ;+s]t gfd u/]sf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ cdfgjLo oftgfsf ;fy s'6lk6 ub{}
xft k5fl8 nu]/ af“w]/ l3;fb{} nu]sf 5g\ .
cfºgf lgz:q sfo{stf{nfO{ 3]/f xfn]/ ckx/0f
kl5 zfxL ;]gfn] a]kQf kf/]sf] 36gfk|lt /f]if JoQm ub{} ;lrj OGb|hLtn] eGg'eof]
…zfxL ;]gfsf] o:tf] xs{tn] jftf{ ef“l8g ;S5 / xfd|f sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ;Ddfghgs
?kdf l/xfO{ gu/] ;/sf/n] To;sf] rsf{] d"No ltg{'kg{]5 .Ú
o;}aLr k|fKt Ps csf{] ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ut xKtf
?kGb]xLaf6 lu/ºtf/df kg{'ePsL c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:o
clDasf d'8e/L / 1fgk|;fb rfln;]nfO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, sf:sLdf s8f oftgfsf
;fy /flvPsf] Ps k|x/L clws[tn] atfP .
;Kt/Ldf
;r{ / vfgtnf;L
o'4lj/fdsf] cjlwdf ;d]t ;Kt/Lsf] ljleGg ufp“
zx/x?df ;]gf ;z:q k|x/L tyf hgkb k|x/Lx?n] ;r{, vfgtnf;L ul//x]sf] ;dfrf/
5 . ;Kt/Ljf;L tyf u}/;Kt/Ljf;L Ps 7fp“af6 csf{] 7fp“df hf“bf pk/f]Qm ;d:of
Joxf]g{' k/]sf s'/f kLl8tx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . pLx?nfO{ v8f u/L 306f}+
;f]wk'5, vfgtnf;L ul/g] u/]sf] s'/f kLl8tx?n] atfP .
lhNnfdf ;'/Iffkmf}h lbgx'“h;f] % ls=dL= eGbf
aflx/ uP/ u:tL ul//x]sf 5g\ . cfd hgtf 8/ / qf;sf sf/0f b}lgs hghLjg
cft+lst ePsf] atfp“5g\ .
kf]v/]n
a]kQfM vf]htnf;sf nflu clkn
cf]vn9'+uf ljnGb' ufh;–% 3/ eO sf7df8f}+ r'gb]jL a:g] bLks kf]v/]n cfºgf sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ;fpg & ut] 3/af6 lg:s]sf / ;f] lbgb]lv a]kQf ePsf]df kf]v/]nsf efO ;f]g' kf]v/]n / kl/jf/n] ;fpg @! ut] pgsf] vf]hL ul/lbg clkn u/]sf 5g\ . clkndf utjif{ klg dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf @) lbg;Dd a]kQf kfl/Psf], lu/ºtf/kl5 l;len 8]«;sf ;'/IffsdL{n] lk5f ug{] u/]sf], pkTosfsf k|x/L sfof{no, ;"rgf s]Gb|, cfdL{ Jof/]s ;a}lt/ vf]hL ubf{ klg kQf nufpg g;lsPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . kf]v/]nn] clkndf cfºgf] bfh'nfO{ cljnDa l/xf ug{ / vf]htnf; ul/lbgsf nflu kqsf/, a'l4hLjL, dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yf / ;Da4 lgsfonfO{ cfx\jfg u/]sf 5g\ .