jftf{ ;fd'Gg] pkl:yt r'gf}tLx?
8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{
ljut tLg dlxgfb]lvsf] gf6sLo ptf/r9fjkl5
cGttM k'/fgf] ;Qf / gof“ ;Qfsf k|ltlglwx¿aLr t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{ ug]{ ;xdlt
ePsf] 5 . k/Gt' d'vn] cd"t{ jftf{sf s'/f ug]{ t/ Jojxf/tM ;fy{s /
kl/0ffdd'vL jftf{sf lglDt Go"gtd k"jf{wf/x¿ s'g} klg k"/f gug]{
k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf] /j}ofsf] sf/0fn] cfufdL jftf{ klg slQsf] kmnbfoL aGg] xf]
eGg] uDeL/ k|Zg cem} ljBdfg 5 . ;fy} ;kmn jftf{sf lglDt d'Vo afwssf] ¿kdf
/x]sf sltko b[Zo / cb[Zo zlQmx¿sf] e"ldsf k|:6 x'g af“sL g} 5 .
To;}n] t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{sf] k"j{;GWofdf ;kmn jftf{ ;fd'Gg] plePsf s]xL
k|d'v r'gf}tLx¿af/] cfdhg;d'bfo / k|a'4 gful/s ;dfhnfO{ clu|d hfgsf/L u/fpg'
xfdL cfkm\gf] st{Jo 7fGb5f}+ .
/fhfsf]
e"ldsf
jt{dfg jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;kmntf jf c;kmntfdf
6'+Uofpgsf lglDt /fhfsf] e"ldsf k|d'v x'g] s'/f :jtM l;4 5 .
sltkonfO{ of] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf krfpg ufx|f] x'g;Sb5 . t/, ;dsfnLg g]kfnL
/fhgLltsf] w/ftnLo oyfy{ s] xf] eg] c;f]h !* kl5 k'/fgf] ;Qf k"0f{¿kn]
/fhfsf] xftdf s]lGb|t 5 / ;Qfsf] k|Zgdf s]lGb|t /x]/ eO/x]sf] jt{dfg jftf{
k|lqmofn] /fhfsf] OR5f / lg0f{olagf s'g} ;sf/fTds lgsf; k|fKt ug}{ ;Sb}g .
lj8Dagfsf] s'/f s] eg] c;f]h !* kl5 ;Dk"0f{ k'/fgf] ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf
lnO;s]kl5 klg /fhf ;f] s'/f k|s6¿kdf :jLsfg{ lxlRsrfO/x]sf 5g\ / cfkm\gf]
s7k'tnL dlGqd08nnfO{ :jtGq …sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/;DkGgÚ lgsfosf] ¿kdf k|rf/ u/]/
To;}dfkm{t\ xfdL;“u jftf{ ug]{ clego ul//x]5g\ . o;sf lglDt /fhfsf cfkm\g}
afWotf x'g;S5g\ jf pgn] xfdLnfO{ 7f8} d"v{ agfpg vf]h]sf] x'g;S5 .
t/, c¿nfO{ h] hlt e|d eP klg xfd|f] kf6L{ / jftf{6f]nLnfO{ s] s'/fdf k6Ss} e|d
5}g eg] xfdLn] o'4 klg /fhfsf] zfxL ;]gf;“u ul//x]sf 5f}+ / jftf{ klg /fhfs}
k|ltlglw;“u ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] ;'?df d'VotM gf/fo0fl;+x k'gdfkm{t\
o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff, cfrf/;+lxtfsf] lgdf{0f / b'O{ r/0f;Ddsf] cf}krfl/s jftf{
u/]sf] pgnfO{ /fhfsf] k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]/ g} xf] . k/Gt' bf];|f]
r/0fsf] jftf{df ePsf ;xdltnfO{ zfxL ;]gfn] sfof{Gjog ug{ c:jLsf/ u/]kl5 /fhf /
zfxL ;]gfsf] ;DaGw / e"ldsfdfly :jfefljs ¿kdf k|Zg p7]sf] 5 / To;}n]
xfdLn] casf] jftf{df /fhf :jo+ pkl:yt x'g'kg]{ jf jftf{sf] lg0f{ok|lt /fhf /
zfxL ;]gfsf] k|lta4tf klxn] g} ;fj{hlgs x'g'kg]{ s'/f p7fPsf xf}+ . clxn]
klg xfd|f] :ki6 a'emfO{ / c8fg s] xf] eg] xfdLn] 8f= k|sfzrGb| nf]xgL / sdn
yfkf;“u pgLx¿ …/fk|kfsf g]tfÚ jf …dlGqd08nsf ;b:oÚ ePsfn] xf]Og ls …/fhfsf
k|ltlglwÚ ePsfn] g} jftf{ ug{ uO/x]sf 5f}+ . pgLx¿ /fhfsf k|flwsf/k"0f{
k|ltlglw x'g\ ls xf]Ogg\ / pgLx¿n] cfufdL jftf{df /fhf / zfxL ;]gfsf] :yfg /
x}l;ot ls6fg ug]{ nufotsf cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf k|Zgdf cflwsfl/s km};nf ug{
;S5g\ ls ;Sb}gg\ eGg] 6'+uf] nufpg] lhDdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf gfos /fhfsf] g}
xf] . oxL uf"7L s'/fdf g} cfufdL r/0fsf] jftf{ ;kmntf jf c;kmntfdf
6'+lug]5 eGg] s'/f ;a}n] a'lem/fVg h?/L 5 .
jftf{df /fhfsf] ;xeflutf;DaGwL of] k|lqmofut
s'/fsf] cltl/Qm jftf{sf] eljio d'Vo¿kdf cfufdL gof" cu|ufdL /fhgLlts
k|0ffnLdf /fhf / zfxL ;]gfsf] :yfg / x}l;ot s:tf] x'g] eGg] s'/fdf lge{/
ug]{5 . o;sf lglDt PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] cfjZostf / b]z tyf hgtfsf]
k|hftflGqs cfsf+IffnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ /fhfn] slt w]/} Tofu / alnbfg ug{ ;S5g\
eGg] s'/f lg0ff{os x'g]5 . /fhfn] Pp6f k|a'4 JolQmsf] ¿kdf s] s'/f a'em\g
cTofjZos 5 eg] /fhtGq eg]sf] dfgj ;dfh ljsf;qmdsf] Pp6f P]ltxfl;s sfnv08
-ljz]iftM bf;o'u / ;fdGtjfbL o'u_ df hGd]sf] ljlzi6 /fHok|0ffnL xf] h'g csf]{
P]ltxfl;s sfnv08 -ljz]iftM k'"hLjfbL / ;dfhjfbL o'u_ df :jefjtM k|ltufdL /
cgfjZos aGg hfG5 . g]kfndf klg c7f/f}+ ztfAbLdf ;fdGtL s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo
lgdf{0fsf] a]nfdf ;fk]If k|ultzLn e"ldsf v]n]sf] /fhtGqn] kl5Nnf]
cf}Bf]lus k'“hLjfbL o'utkm{ ;+qmd0fsf] r/0fdf k|ltufdL e"ldsf v]Ng k'u]sf]
5 / o;n] cfkm\gf] P]ltxfl;s cf}lrTo u'dfO;s]sf] 5 .. vf;u/L gf/fo0flx6L
sf08 / /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] j+zgfzkl5 clt lk5l8Psf] r]tgf ePsf hg;d'bfoaf6 ;d]t /fhf
/ /fhtGqk|ltsf] k/Dk/fut cf:yf / cGwljZjf; k"/} x/fO;s]sf] 5 . of]
l:yltdf jt{dfg /fhfn] o'usf] cfjfh / hgtfsf] k|hftflGqs efjgfsf] sb/ ub}{
;fx;k"j{s u2L Tofu u/]/ b]zdf gof“ u0ftflGqs k|0ffnLsf lglDt dfu{ k|z:t
u/]df pgnfO{ hgtfn] plrt ;Ddfg ug]{5g\ / pgsf] Tofucg';f/sf] ;Ddfg lbg xfdL klg
tof/ 5f}+ eGg] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] :ki6 egfO xf] . /fhfn] b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf
Tof] dxfgtf k|bz{g ug{ ;s]df b]zdf ljBdfg åGåsf] ;aeGbf ;xh / pko'Qm cu|ufdL
lgsf; lg:sg ;S5 / gof" cfwf/df gof" /fli6«o Pstf sfod eP/ b]zn] Pp6f
o'ufGtsf/L km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sg]5 . /fhf jf /fhfsf] k|ltlglw;“u jftf{ u/]/
u0ftGqfTds gof“ g]kfnsf] :yfkgf ug]{ o:tf] s'/f sltkonfO{ :j}/sNkgf nfu] klg
;dfh ljsf;sf] j}1flgs lgod / o'usf] j:t'ut cfjZostf a'em\g]x¿sf lglDt of] s'/f
Tolt c:jfefljs nfUg]5}g . km]l/ klg of] xfd|f]tkm{af6 uDeL/ k|:tfj xf] /
To;nfO{ dfGg] jf gdfGg] /fhfsf] s'/f xf] . olb /fhfnfO{ ljljw sf/0fjz ;Lw}
u2L TofUg ufx|f] x'G5 eg] /fhfsf] eljio nufotsf ;a} s'/fsf] clGtd km};nf ug]{ lhDdf
;fj{ef}d hgtfnfO{ g} lbpm“ eGg] xfd|f] csf]{ k|:tfj xf] .. uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] xfd|f] tLga'“b] k|:tfjsf] d"n dd{
ToxL xf] . of] d"n /fhgLlts Ph]G8fdf /fhf jf k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf] s]
k|ltlqmof jf j}slNks k|:tfj cfp“5, jt{dfg jftf{ k|lqmofsf] eljio To;}df lge{/
x'g] ;':ki6 5 .
;+;b\jfbL
bnx¿sf] e"ldsf
xfd|f] kf6L{n] jftf{nfO{ tfls{s lgisif{;Dd
k'¥ofpg jftf{ k|lqmofdf k|d'v ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿sf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ cTofjZos 7fg]sf]
5 . xfd|f] kf6L{sf cWoIf s= k|r08n] >fj0f !% ut] hf/L ug'{ePsf] jQmJodf
;f]af/] ;fj{hlgs cfx\jfg ul/Psf] 5 / xfdLn] ljleGg txdf kf6L{x¿;“u s'/fsfgL klg
ul//x]sf 5f}+ . of] s'/f xfdLn] sltko j[Qdf rrf{ ePem}+ clxn] dfq
cg'e"t u/]sf] geO{ ;'?b]lv g} …b'O{ ;QfÚ -k'/fgf] / gof"_ / …tLg
/fhgLlts zlQmÚ -/fhfjfbL, ;+;b\jfbL / qmflGtsf/L hgjfbL_ sf] cjwf/0ffcGtu{t
p7fp“b} cfPsf xf}+ . h'g ut r}q !% ut] xfd|f] jftf{6f]nL ;fj{hlgs x'g]
qmddf hf/L ul/Psf] k|]; jQmJodf :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v 5 . lsgeg] ;dsfnLg g]kfnL
/fhgLltsf] of] tLtf] oyfy{ xf] ls cf–cfkm\gf] ;z:q ;]gf;lxtsf] k"0f{
;Qfsf] ¿kdf olta]nf /fhfjfbL / qmflGtsf/L hgjfbL zlQmaLr k|ToIf åGå eP klg
aLrdf ;+;b\jfbL zlQmsf] klg pNn]Vo /fhgLlts pkl:ylt 5 / p;sf] -;+;b\jfbL
zlQmsf]_ ;xeflutf jf ;xdltlagf zflGtjftf{ tfls{s lgisif{;Dd k'Ug ufx|f]
x'G5 .
k/Gt' ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿sf] g]t[Tjn] of] cxd\
ljifonfO{ hlt lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy / l;h{gzLn 9+un] lng ;Sg'kb{Yof] Tof]
clxn];Dd gb]lvg' 7"nf] lj8Dagf ePsf] 5 . lglZrt ¿kn] c;f]h !* kl5
;+;b\jfbL bnx¿ k'/fgf] ;Qfdf gePsfn] / gof“ ;Qf;“u klg pgLx¿sf]
j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts dte]b /x]sfn] b'O{ ;QfaLrsf] jftf{ k|lqmofdf pgLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf
jf ;xeflutfsf] ljlw s:tf] x'g] eGg] s]xL k|lqmofut ;d:of 5 . t/, lhDd]jf/
/ ;kmn /fhg]tfx¿n] o:f cxd\ k|Zgx¿nfO{ sfg'gL jf k|lqmofut 9+un] xf]Og ls
/fhgLlts 9+un] x]g{ ;Sg'kb{5 / ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg klg /fhgLlts ¿kdf g}
vf]Hg'kb{5 . xfd|f ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿sf] g]t[Tjn] eg] cem} Totfkl§ Wofg
k'¥ofpg ;ls/x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . ha olta]nf ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿;d]t /fhfsf]
c;f]h !* sf] sbdlj?4 cfGbf]ng/t 5g\ eg] To:tf] k|ltudgsf/L zfxL sbdsf lglDt
j:t'ut cfwf/ lbg] q'l6k"0f{ ;+j}wflgs k|lqmofnfO{ ;Rofpg] / k'"hLjfbL
k|hftGqnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng / jftf{ k|lqmofdf ;+;b\jfbL
bnx¿sf] :jfefljs rf;f] / ;+nUgtf x'g'kb{5 . ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿n] cl3 ;f/]sf !*
;"qLo dfux¿ sltko c:ki6tf, ck"0f{tf / cd"t{tf /x] klg xfdLn]
jftf{ k|lqmofdf k|:t't u/]sf /fhgLlts Ph]G8f;“u tL lgs} ldNbfh'Nbf 5g\ / ltgsf]
k|flKtsf lglDt klg ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿ jftf{ k|lqmofdf ;+nUg x'g' pkof]uL / cfjZos
x'G5 . jftf{df ;+nUgtfsf] ljlw cfk;L 5nkmnåf/f to ug{ g;lsg] s'/f
xf]Og . t/, k|lqmofut cQf] yfk]/ jftf{ k|lqmof j:t'tM c;kmn ePsf] x]g{
rfxg] xf] eg] jftf{ e+ukl5sf] eo+s/ kl/0ffdsf] eflubf/ Oltxf;n] ;+;b\jfbL
bnx¿nfO{ ;d]t agfpg]5 . d'vn] jftf{ x'g'k5{ eGg] t/ Jojxf/df To;nfO{
ef“8\g pBt /xg] xf] eg] Tof] lsdfy{ /fhgLlts Odfgbfl/tf x'“b}g . ;+;b\jfbL
bnx¿sf] g]t[Tjn] s] a'em\g' h?/L 5 eg] Oltxf; @)$& ;fndf l:y/ /xg ;Sb}g /
ca gof“ ;+ljwfg;lxtsf] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;lagf c;f]h !* sf] k|ltufdL sbd
;lRrg ;Dej 5}g . jftf{ k|lqmof ;kmn ePdf cfkm\gf] efu vf]l;G5 eGg] ;+sL0f{
lrGtgn] u|l;t eP/ s;}n] …xnf] c8\sfP/ uf]? r'6\g]Ú sf]l;; u5{ eg] p;nfO{
Oltxf;n] k6Ss} Ifdf ug]{5}g .
cGt/f{li6«o
zlQms]Gb|x¿sf] e"ldsf
jt{dfg ;fd|fHojfbL o'udf s'g} klg b]zsf]
/fhgLlt cGt/f{li6«o /fhgLltåf/f k|efljt eP/} 5f]8\5 eg] xfd|f]h:tf] t];|f]
ljZjsf] cw{–cf}klgj]lzs / gj–cf}klgj]lzs b]zsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLltdf cGt/f{li6«o
zlQms]Gb|x¿sf] k|efj emG8} lg0ff{os x'g] ub{5 . xfd|f] tTsfnLg jftf{
/fhgLltsf] eljio klg cGttM cGt/f{li6«o zlQms]Gb|x¿sf] e"ldsfdf e/ ug]{5
eGg' s'g} cTo'lQm x'g]5}g .
x'g t g]kfndf k/Dk/fut k|efj hdfp"b}
cfPsf afx\o zlQms]Gb|x¿n] jftf{ k|lqmofsf] ;kmntfsf] kIfdf ;fj{hlgs dt hfx]/
ug'{ ;sf/fTds s'/f g} xf] . k/Gt' sltko afx\o zlQmx¿n] b]zdf juL{o tyf
/fhgLlts zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] w/ftnLo oyfy{nfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ jftf{ k|lqmofdfkm{t\
cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; / lbuf] zflGt xf]cf];\ eGg] g} rfx]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg]
sltkon] rflx“ åGånfO{ nDAofP/ To;} axfgfdf cfkm\gf] x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsf
a9fpg ;lsof];\ eGg] s'cfsf+Iff af]s]sf] k|:6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ;aeGbf ljrf/0fLo
s'/frflx“ s] eg] Psy/L cGt/f{li6«o zlQms]Gb|x¿n] /fhfnfO{ Rofk]/ / csf{y/Ln] ;+;b\jfbL
bnx¿nfO{ Rofk]/ cfkm\gf] k|e'Tj sfod ug]{ k|of; ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 eg] pgLx¿ b'j}
kIfn] xfdL dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx¿ b]zdf s'g} xfntdf ;Qf;Lg gxf]cf}+ eg]/
e/dUb'/ sf]l;; u/]sf] a'lemG5 . To:tf] k"jf{u|xL ;f]r xfjL /x];Dd
d'vn] hlt;'s} zflGtjftf{sf] dGq hk] klg To;n] jftf{sf] ;kmntfdf of]ubfg ug'{;§f
jftf{ ef“8\g] sfd g} ug]{ :ki6 5 .
km]l/ klg lxhf];Dd xfdLnfO{ …cft+sjfbLÚ eg]/
/fhgLlts c5"tsf] Jojxf/ ug]{ clwsf+z cGt/f{li6«o zlQms]Gb|x¿n] clxn]
xfdL;“u k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ;DaGw sfod ug{ vf]Hg' / b]zdf zflGtk"0f{ cu|ufdL
/fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug'{ :jfutof]Uo s'/f xf] . o;
;Gbe{df tL ;a} zlQms]Gb|x¿ / vf;u/L xfd|f b'O{ 7"nf l5d]sLx¿;“u xfd|f]
egfO s] xf] eg] g]kfndf x'g] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s dfldnf xf] / oxf“sf]
k|hftflGqs kl/jt{gn] b]zdf /fli6«o Pstf, cfly{s ljsf; tyf l:y/tf clej[l4 ug]{5,
h;n] ljb]zL zlQmx¿;“usf] ;DaGwnfO{ emg\ d}qLk"0f{ agfpg]5 . To;}n]
g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|hftflGqs cfsf+Iffaf6 s'g} klg ljb]zL zlQm 8/fpg'kg]{ s'g}
sf/0f 5}g . a? b]zdf hgcfwf/ gePsf lg/+s'z / ck|hftflGqs zf;sx¿n] g}
lg/Gt/ hgc;Gtf]if / cl:y/tf hGdfp"5g\ / To;n] ljb]zL;“usf] d}qL ;DaGwdf
klg k|lts"n c;/ kfb{5 .
vf;u/L cfufdL ztfAbLdf ljZj dxfzlQm aGg]
;Defjgf ePsf rLg / ef/tlj?4 n8\g] bL3{sfnLg ;fdl/s ;f]rsf ;fy xfnsf] PSnf]
dxfzlQm cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] g]kfndf ;}lgs 3";k}7 ug]{ h'g k|oTg ul//x]sf]
5, To;nfO{ ;a} b]zeQm / zflGtsfdL zlQmx¿n] ljz]if uDeL/tfsf ;fy lng'k/]sf]
5 . k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] xfn}sf] xfdL;“usf] ;fj{hlgs kqfrf/df …:yfoLÚ ;}lgs
;Nnfxsf/ / k|lzIfs g/x]sf] eGb} …c:yfoLÚ rflx" /x]sf] h'g :jLsf/f]lQm
u/]sf] 5, To;n] vt/gfs eljiotkm{ ;+s]t ub{5 .. afx\o ¿kdf jftf{sf] kIfdf
jsfnt u/] klg ljZj:t ;"qx¿sf cg';f/ cd]l/sL ;QfkIf jftf{sf] lj/f]w /
o'4sf] kIfdf 5 . To;}n] cd]l/sL ljz]if k|efjdf /x]sf] b/af/ / zfxL ;]gfsf]
3f]/ cg'bf/jfbL kIfn] jftf{ ef"8\g] / o'4 rsf{pg] vt/ftkm{ a]n}df ;a}sf]
Wofg hfg h?/L 5 .
/fhgLlts
Ph]G8f g} d"n k|Zg
b'O{ r/0fsf jftf{x¿ k|lqmofut k|Zg /
jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsf] k|Zgdf g} s]lGb|t /x]sfn] xfdLn] klxnf] r/0fsf] jftf{df
k|:t't u/]sf cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] ljlw / cGt/j:t';lxtsf] /fhgLlts Ph]G8f g} t];|f]
r/0fsf] jftf{sf] d'Vo Ph]G8f x'g]5 .. k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts
Ph]G8f s'g ¿kdf k|:t't u5{, To;af6 g} cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; / cGttM jftf{sf]
;kmntf / c;kmntfsf] 6'+uf] nfUg]5 . jftf{df /fhgLlts Ph]G8fafx]ssf cGo ;a}
Ph]G8f tkl;nsf s'/f x'g\ .. cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; lg:sg] eof] eg] zfxL
;]gfsf] kl/lw, o'4aGbLsf] l/xfO, a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf] l:ylt, cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf
OToflb ;a} s'/f ;xh x'g]5g\, t/ cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; geP tL s'g} klg s'/fsf]
tflŒjs dxŒj / cy{ /xg]5}g . ;fy} /fhgLlt ldNof] eg] k|lqmofut s'/fx¿ :jtM
ldNg]5g\, t/ /fhgLlt ldn]g eg] hlt;'s} ;'Gb/ k|lqmof klg lg/y{s x'g]5 .
To;}n] t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{ lg0ff{os aGg'k5{
/ nuftf/ xKtflbg, b;lbg a;]/ eP klg Pp6f 6'+uf]df k'Ug ;Sg'kb{5 eGg] csf]{
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