ljrf/hut\

dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] ;DaGwdf

*= sfdbf/x?sf] k|Zg M

     sfdbf/x? df]6fdf]6L ?kdf tnsf $ >]0fLdf k5{g\ .

     != c;n @= t'ngfTds c;n #= uDeL/ uNtL u/]sf t/ kf6L{ lj/f]wL, ;dfhjfbL lj/f]wL, blIf0fkGyL ge};s]sf $= kf6L{ lj/f]wL / ;dfhjfb lj/f]wL  blIf0fkGyLx? . ;fwf/0f kl/l:yltdf, klxnf] b'O{ >]0fLsf -c;n / t'ngfTds c;n_ a9L ;+Vofdf x'G5 .

     kf6L{–lj/f]wL / ;dfhjfb lj/f]wL blIf0fkGyLx?sf] k"0f{?kdf e08fkmf]/ ug{'k5{, v08g ug{'k5{, ldNsfOg'k5{ / k"0f{ ?kdf e/ljZjf; 5f]8\g'k5{ / ltgLx?sf] k|efj pGd"ng ug{'k5{ . To;sf] ;fy;fy} ltgLx?nfO{ ;'lw|g] df}sf klg lbg'k5{, h;af6 pgLx? gof“ lhGbuLsf] z'?jft ug{ ;s"g\ .

(= ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf/L ;d"x, sld6Lx? / dxflwj]zgx?M

     w]/} gof“ j:t'x? dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtdf b]vfkg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . w]/} ljBfnox? / OsfO{x?df hg;d"xn] l;h{gf u/]sf ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf/L ;d"x, sld6L / c? ;+u7gfTds :j?kx? s]xL gf}nf / dxfg\ P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf 5g\ .

     oL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf/L ;d"xx?, sld6Lx? / dxflwj]zgx? ;+u7gsf pQd, gf}nf] :j?k x'g\, hxf“ hg;d"xx?n] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf cfkm}nfO{ lzIff lbg]5g\ . ltgLx? xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ hg;d"x;“u k|ToIf ;Dks{ u/fpg] pQd ;fw' x'g\ . ltgLx? ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf zlQmsf c+u x'g\ .

     xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv zf]ifsju{n] 5f]8]/ uPsf ;a} k'/fgf ljrf/x?, ;“:s[ltx?, l/ltl:ylt / Jojxf/x?sf lj?4 ;j{xf/fjfbL ;+3if{n] Hofb} nfdf] ;do lng]5 . To;sf/0f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf/L ;d"x sld6Lx? / dxflwj]zgx? c:yfoL ;+u7g xf]Og a? :yfoL hg;+u6g aGg'k5{ . ltgLx? s]jn dxfljBfnox?, ljBfnox? / ;/sf/ Pj+ c? ;+u7gx?nfO{ dfq ;'xfp“bf xf]Og a? ;fwf/0ftof sf/vfgfx?, vfgLx?, c? pBdx? zx/L lhNnf / ufp“x?nfO{ klg ;'xfp“bf 5g\ .

     k]l/; sDo'gdf h:t}, ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf/L ;d"xsf ;b:o, ;ldltsf ;b:o / k|ltlglw ;efsf ;b:osf] r'gfjsf nflu cfd lgjf{rgsf] Joj:yf th{'df ug{' cfjZos 5 . pDd]bjf/x?sf] gfdfjnL k"0f{ 5nkmn kl5 qmflGtsf/L hg;d"xaf6 cufl8 ;fl/g'k5{ / gfdfjnL pk/ hg;d"xn] bf]xf]¥ofO t]x¥ofO{ 5nkmn u/]kl5 dfq lgjf{rg u/fOg'k5{ .

     hg;d"xnfO{ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf/L ;d"x / sld6L Pj+ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf/L dxflwj]zgsf] nflu r'lgPsf k|ltlglwx?sf] s'g} klg ;dodf cfnf]rgf ug{] clwsf/ 5 . olb oL ;ldltx? Pj+ k|ltlglwx? sfd ug{ pQd k|dfl0ft ePgg\ eg] ltgLx?sf] 7fp“df lgjf{rgåf/f gof“ k"lt{ ug{'k5{ jf 5nkmn u/L hg;d"xaf6 lkmtf{ af]nfpg' kb{5 .

     dxfljBfno / ljBfnosf ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf/L ;d"xx? sld6Lx? / dxflwj]zgx?df d'Votof qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{x?sf k|ltlglwx? /xg'k5{ . To;sf ;fy;fy} ltgLx?;“u qmflGtsf/L lzIfs / k|zfsLo sd{rf/L Pj+ sfdbf/x?sf k|ltlglwx?sf s]xL ;b:ox? klg x'g'k5{ .

!)= z}lIfs ;'wf/ M

     dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtdf ug{'kg{] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sfd k'/fgf] z}lIfs Joj:yf, z}lIfs k4lt / cWofkg k|0ffnLnfO{ ?kfGt/ ug{' xf] . o; dxfg\ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtdf a'h{'jf a'l4hLjLx?n] lylr/fv]sf xfd|f ljBfnosf] ultljlwnfO{ k"0f{ kl/jt{g ug{'k5{ .

     x/]s lsl;dsf ljBfnox?df sfd/]8 dfcf]T;]t'ªn] cufl8 ;fg{' ePsf] lzIffsf cfwf/df ;j{xf/fjfbL /fhgLltsf] ;]jf ug{ / lzIffnfO{ pTkfbgd"ns sfddf uf“:g] gLltnfO{ k"0f{ nfu" ug{'k5{ h;af6 lzIff kfpg]n] g}lts, af}l4s / zf/Ll/s ljsf; u/f];\ clg ;dfhjfbL r]tgf / ;“:s[lt ePsf] >lds agf];\ .

     ljBfno hfg] ;dofjlw 36fOg'k5{ . kf7\oqmd 5f]6f] / /fd|f] x'g'k5{ . kf7\o;fdu|L k"0f{ ?kfGt/0f ul/g'k5{ . s'g} s'/fdf hl6n ;fdfu|LnfO{ ;/nLs/0f ug{ z'? ug{'k5{ . ljBfyL{x?sf] d'Vo sfd cWoog ug{' xf] tfklg ljBfyL{x?n] c? s'/f klg l;Sg'k5{ . To;f] eGg'sf] cy{ xf] cfºgf] cWoogsf cltl/Qm, ltgLx?n] cf}Bf]lus sfd, v]tLsf] sfd / ;}lgs sfo{ klg l;Sg'k5{ / a'h{'jfx?nfO{ cfnf]rgf ug{ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] ;+3if{df ;+3if{sf a]nf efu lng'k5{ .

!!= ;dfrf/kqx?df gfd lnP/ cfnf]rgf ug{] k|Zg M

     ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf/L hgcfGbf]ngsf] cleofgdf k"“hLjfbL / ;fdGtjfbL ljrf/wf/fsf] cfnf]rgf ug{' / ;fy;fy} ;j{xf/f ljZjb[li6sf]0f, dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb Pj+ dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fsf] /fd|/L k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{'k5{ .

     df}sf kfP/ kf6L{leq 3';]sf k"“hLkltju{sf ljlzi6 k|ltlglwx? / lzIffsf] If]qdf sfd ug{] k"“hLjfbL k|ltlqmofjfbLsf gfOs] ædxfkl08tx?Æ sf] cfnf]rgf ug{ ;+ul7t eP/ sfd ug{'k5{ . o;df bz{gzf:q, Oltxf;, /fhgLlts cy{zf:q, z}lIfs If]q, ;flxTo / snf;DaGwL /rgfx?, ;flxTo / snfsf l;4fGtx? k|s[lt lj1fgsf l;4fGtx? / c? If]qdf ljBdfg ljleGg k|ltlqmofjfbL ljrf/wf/fx?sf] cfnf]rgf klg ;lDdlnt x'g'k5{ .

     olb s;}sf] ;dfrf/kqdf gfd lnP/ cfnf]rgf ug{' 5 eg] klxn] g} To;} txsf] kf6L{ sld6Ldf 5nkmn u/]/ o;sf] lgrf]8 lgsfNg'k5{ / p:t} kl/l:yltdf dflyNnf] kf6L{ sld6Ldf k7fP/ o;sf] d~h'/L lng'k5{ .

!@= j}1flgsx?, k|fljlwsx? / sfof{nosf ;fwf/0f sd{rf/Lx?k|ltsf] gLltM

     hxf“;Dd j}1flgsx?, k|fljlwsx? / sfof{nosf ;fwf/0f sd{rf/Lx?sf] k|Zg 5, ltgLx?df b]zelQmsf] efjgf /xf];\ ;lqmotfk"j{s sfd u?g\, kf6L{ / ;dfhjfbsf] lj/f]w gu?g\ / s'g} csf{] b]z;“u cg'lrt ;DaGw g/fv"g\, xfdLn] pgLx?k|lt æPstf cfnf]rgf / PstfÆ sf] gLlt sfod /fVg'k5{ . cfºgf] If]qdf vf; of]ubfg lbPsf j}1flgsx? / j}1flgs k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljz]if Wofg /fVg'k5{ . xfdLx?n] pgLx?sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f / sfo{z}nLnfO{ km]g{] sfddf ;3fpg] sf]lz; ug{'k5{ .

!#= zx/ / ufp“x?df o; qmflGtnfO{ ;dfhjfbL lzIff cfGbf]ng;“u ldnfpg] Joj:yf ug{] k|Zg M

     7"nf / dWod:t/sf zx/x?df ;f“:s[lts Pj+ z}lIfs OsfOx? / kf6L{ Pj+ ;/sf/sf g]t[TjbfoL c+ux? jt{dfg ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf Wofgfsif{0fsf ljGb'x? x'g\ .

     dxfg\ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtn] zx/, ufp“ b'j} 7fp“df ;dfhjfbL lzIff cfGbf]ngnfO{, wgL agfPsf] 5 / o;nfO{ pRr:t/df psf;]sf] 5 . of] b'j} cfGbf]ngx? ;“u;“u} ;~rfng ug{] k|of; ug{'k5{ .. o; ;DaGwdf ljleGg If]q Pj+ ljefux?n] cfºgf] ljz]if kl/l:ylt x]/L aGbf]j:t ldnfpg ;Sg]5g\ .

     clxn] ufp“df ;dfhjfbL lzIffsf] cfGbf]ng rln/x]sf] 5 / zx/sf pBdx?df -hxf“ klxn]sf] aGbf]j:t g} 7Ls 5 / cfGbf]ng 7Ls;“u rn]sf] 5_ cfGbf]ngnfO{ uf]ndfn ug{' x'“b}g / klxn]sf] aGbf]j:t cg';f/ sfd ul//fVg'k5{ . h]xf];\ jt{dfg dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtdf p7]sf k|Zgx?nfO{ 7Ls ;dodf 5nkmnsf] nflu hg;d"x aLrdf /flvg'k5{ . h;n] ;j{xf/fjfbL ljrf/sf] a9L kfngkf]if0f / a'h{'jf ljrf/sf] pGd"ng ug{ hf]8 k'uf];\ .

     s]xL 7fp“x?df dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtnfO{ ;dfhjfbL lzIff lbg' cfGbf]ngdf ult yKg' / /fhg}lts, j}rfl/s ;+u7g ug{' cy{tGqsf] IF]qdf ePsf kmf]x/ d}nf ;kmf ug{' h:tf gfdsf nflu s]Gb|ljGb'sf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .. of] sfd Toxf“ ug{ ;lsG5, hxf“ :yfgLo kf6L{ sld6Ln] 7Ls 7fG5 .

!$=qmflGtk|lt b[9 xf]pm / pTkfbg a9fpm M

     dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] nIf hgtfsf] ljrf/ qmflGtsf/L agfpg' xf] / To;sf] kl/0ffd sfdsf] ;a} If]qdf 7"nf, l56f, c;n / a9L ldtJooL glthf xfl;n ug{' xf] . olb hg;d"x k"/f pl7;s]sf] 5 / plrt aGbf]j:t ldnfOPsf] 5 eg] ;f“:s[lts qmflGt / pTkfbgsfo{ b'j}df Psn] csf{nfO{ afwf gk'¥ofOsg xfd|f] ;a} sfddf pRr u'0fsf] Uof/]06L;fy ;+rfng ug{ ;Dej x'g]5 .

     dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGt xfd|f] d'n'ssf] ;fdflhs pTkfbg zlQmsf] ljsf;sf] nflu Ps zlQmzfnL k|]/szlQm xf] . pTkfbgsf] ljsf;df dxfg\ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] ;dt'No csf{] s'g} klg ;xL ljrf/ 5}g .

!%= ;}lgs zlQm M

     ;}lgs ;]jfdf kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6L ;]gf cfof]u / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;fwf/0f /fhg}lts ljefusf] lgb{]zg cg';f/ ;f“:s[lts qmflGt / ;dfhjfbL lzIff ;~rfng ul/g'k5{ .

!^= dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] nflu kyk|bz{s xf] M

     dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtdf dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fsf] dxfg\ /ftf] em08fnfO{ p7fpg' / ;j{xf/fjfbL /fhgLltnfO{ x's'ddf /fVg' cfjZos 5 . cWoIf dfcf]T;]t'ªsf s[ltx? /rgfTds 9+un] cWoog ug{] / nfu" ug{] cleofg dhb"/, ls;fg, ;]gf, sfo{stf{ Pj+ a'l4hLjLx? aLrdf rnfpg'k5{ / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fnfO{ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtdf kyk|bz{ssf] ?kdf lnOg'k5{ .

     of] c;fwf/0f dxfg\ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtdf ;a} txsf kf6L{ sld6Ldf cWoIf dfcf]sf s[lt rf]vf] dg / /rgfTds 9+un] cWoog ug{}k5{ . vf;u/L ltgLx?n] ;f“:s[lts qmflGtaf/]df / kf6L{sf g]t[Tj k4ltsf af/]df cWoIf dfcf]n] n]Vg' ePsf s[ltx? h:t} gf}nf] hgjfbaf/], o]gfg uf]i7Ldf ;flxTo / snfaf/] s'/fsfgL, hgtfsf] aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]wsf] ;xL ;~rfngaf/]df, k|rf/k|;f/ ug{] sfdsf] af/]df, lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf efif0f, g]t[Tjsf k4lt ;DaGwL s]xL ;jfnx? / kf6L{ sld6Lsf] sfo{ k4lt cflb bf]xf]¥ofO{ t]x¥ofO{ k9\g'k5{ .

     ;a} txsf kf6L{ sld6Ln] cWoIf dfcf]n] jiff{}+b]lv lbg' ePsf lgb{]zg kfng ug{'k5{ eGg'sf] cy{ ltgLx?n] æhgtfaf6 hgtfnfO{Æ eGg] hggLlt k"0f{tof nfu" ug{'k5{ / ltgLx? klxn] lzio aGg'k5{ clg lzIfs aGg'k5{ .. ltgLx?n] PskIfLo jf ;+s'lrt aGg] afgL TofUg'k5{ . ltgLx?n] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] kfngkf]if0f ug{'k5{ / cWofTdjfb / kfl08To k|bz{gsf] lj/f]w ug{'k5{ .

        dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtn] cWoIf dfcf]T;]t'ª k|d'v /xg'ePsf] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] g]t[Tjdf dxfg\ ljho kSsf xfl;n ug{]5 .