ls/fd'df]sf]
bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg
kf“ry/÷ls/f“t /fli6«o
d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf] bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng xfn} kf“ry/ lhNnfsf] dfcf]jfbL
ls/f“t :jfoQ If]qdf eJotfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g
hgo'4 xf“ls/x]sf] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf s= k|r08n] Ps eJo
;df/f]x / ljzfn hgpkl:yltsf aLr ug'{eof] . ;f] ;Dd]ngdf k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo
sdf08sf OGrfh{ s= ls/0f, jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] pkl:ylt /
cfltYo /x]sf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngn] ls/f“t /fli6«o df]rf{sf] gfd kl/jt{g u/L
ls/f“t /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfn agfPsf] 5 .
Aofg/,
t'n, em08f ktfsfx¿n] ;lhPsf] ;Dd]ng :ynsf] cfsif{s emf“sL aLr jl/i7 g]tfx¿sf]
ul/dfdo pkl:ylt / ;f/ulj{t dGtJox¿n] ;Dd]ngsf] cf]h j[l4 u/]sf] s'/f ko{j]Ifsn]
atfPsf 5g\ . c;f/ #@ / ;fpg ! ut] @ lbg;Dd ;+rflnt ;f] ;Dd]ngn] ls/f“d'df]sf]
gof“ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . h;cg';f/ cWoIfdf eQm/fh sGbª\jf,
pkfWoIfdf lgd{n vDa', dxf;lrjdf kbd /fO{, ;lrjdf >Lk|;fb hj]u' / sf]iffWoIfdf
1fg' cfªbDj] /xg'ePsf] @( ;b:oLo gof“ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt rog ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngsf]
sIfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ cWoIf s= k|r08n] jftf{ k|lqmofdf cfkm"x¿ OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s
nfu] klg k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf] u}/lhDd]jf/L, a]OdfgL, cljZj;gLo rl/q / cfrf/;+lxtf
tyf ;xdlt tf]8\g] k|lqmofn] jftf{nfO{ plrt lgisif{df k'Ug glbO{ aLr}df t'xfpg
vf]h]sf] / /fhg}lts lgsf; lbg tof/ gePsf] oyfy{ JoQm ug'{eof] .
xfdL
jftf{af6 g} g]kfnnfO{ jt{dfg ;+s6 / b'/fj:yfaf6 d'lQm lbnfpg OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s
nfu]sf xf}+ t/ k'/fgf] ;/sf/n] jftf{nfO{ /fhg}lts ?kn] 5nkmn ub}{ gu/L ;fd|fHojfbL,
b/af/ / ;f]sf] u7hf]8 / if8\oGqdf /fhgLlts lgsf; lbg c:jLsf/ u/]sf]n] jftf{ e+u
x'g] l:yltdf k'u]sf] xf]Ú pxf“n] eGg'eof] egL ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
cem} klg dfcf]jfbL jftf{sf] 6]a'naf6 kl5 gx6]sf] / ;/sf/n] plrt jftfj/0f tof/
u/L jftf{df af]nfP dfcf]jfbL jftf{åf/f ;dfwfg vf]Hg tof/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
s=
k|r08n] ls/f“t d'lQm df]rf{sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf ls/f“t
:jfoQ k|b]zsf] :yfkgfy{ ;Dk"0f{ ls/f“t hflt Psh'6 eO{ 86\g' kg]{ wf/0ff
klg /fVg'ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . æha;Dd ;j{xf/f juL{o d'lQm o'4 nl8+b}g ta;Dd
g]kfndf s'g} klg hflt hfghfltn] hftLo d'lQm k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ . hftLo
d'lQm juL{o d'lQmaf6 dfq ;+ej x'g]x“bf ls/f“tx¿n] ca juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf
;dflxt x'g'kg]{ lgisif{ pxf“n] lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbn]
wd{, hflt, If]q / ln+usf cfwf/df hgtfsf
jt{dfg
cj:yfdf jftf{df cfPsf] ult/f]wsf] oyfy{tfnfO{ :ki6 kfb}{ csf{ g]tf sd/]8 8f= afa'/fd
e§/fO{n] cfkm"x¿ jftf{df OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s ;fd]n eP/
zflGtk"0f{?kdf /fhg}lts ;+s6sf] xn vf]h] klg / jftf{af6 g} lgisif{ lgsfNg
tof/ ePsf] eP klg k'/fgf] ;Qfwf/L ju{ ljb]zLsf] a'O{ r9]/ jftf{ ef“8\g nflu
k/]sf]n] / ;'/Iffdf k|ZglrGx p7]sfn] k'gM e"ldut x'g afWo ePsf] pNn]v
ug'{eof] . b/af/ / ;]gfn] jftf{df ;xdlt / lg0f{o nfu" u/]g, a? pN6}
cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3g ub}{ xfdLdfly bdg hf/L /fVof] . xTof, n'6 / cft+snfO{
oyfjt cl3 a9fof] / xfd|f s'/f slxNo} 7Lsl;t ;'Gg] sfd u/]g . k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
of] ultljlwn] jftf{af6 lg:sg] lgisif{ nfu" ug]{ s'g} Uof/]06L 5}g .
jftf{sf lgisif{, lg0f{o / ;xdlt sfof{Gjogsf] Uof/]06L glbP;Dd jftf{df a:g'sf]
s'g} cf}lrTo / cy{ 5}g eGb} jf:tljs ;Qf clxn] ;]gfdf /x]sf] / ;]gf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf]
s7k'tnL aGg k'u]sf]n] g} of] jftf{df clxn] ult/f]w pTkGg ePsf] jf:tljstf v'nf;f
ug'{eof] .. k'/fgf] ;Qf lg0f{o nfu" ug]{ Uof/]06L lbG5 eg] xfdL km]l/
klg jftf{af6 zflGtk"j{s xn vf]Hg tof/ 5f}+– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . o;
l:yltdf eO/x]sf] of] ;Dd]ngn] jftf{df OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s k'/fgf] ;QfkIfnfO{
Nofpgsf nflu klg ls/f“t If]qn] yk bjfj l;h{gf ug{ p7\g' kg]{ /fo pxf“n] JoQm
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . d'n's kl/jt{gsf] ;+3f/df plePsf] o; kl/j]zdf ePsf] ls/f“t
df]rf{sf] of] ;Dd]ngn] ls/f“t hfltdf dxTjk"0f{ k|efj kfg]{ /fo ljZn]ifsn]
k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ .
cfrf/;+lxtf sxf“–sxf“ pNnª\3g eP <
sf7df8f}+ . o'4lj/fd
;fy{s ?kdf sfod /fVg cfrf/;+lxtfsf] efjgfcg'?k ;]gf kl/rfng gLlt clVtof/ ug{ tof/
ePsf] s'/f ;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nL k|jQmf sdn yfkfn] atfP klg k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf
tkm{af6 cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3g eO/x]sf 5g\ .
bf]nvfdf lu/km\tf/ ePsfnfO{ r/d oftgf
ut
c;f/ #! ut] ;d'Gb|fjtL ufh; / s'/Laf6 lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf !$ hgf dfcf]jfbL
sfo{stf{nfO{ zfxL ;]gfn] lhk|sfnfO{ a'emfPsf] 5 . lhk|sfdf a'emfOPsf ;a}nfO{
k|To]s lbg r/d oftgf lbg], ;f]wk'5 ug]{ ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 . clwsf+z aGbLx¿sf]
:jf:Yo l:ylt sdhf]/ e};s]sf], z/L/df 3fprf]6 agfOPsf] / pkrf/ gul/Psf]df lhNnfdf
sfo{/t dfgjclwsf/sdL{n] aGbLx¿nfO{ dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ .
lu/ºtf/ ul/Psfx?nfO{ ;]gfn] #) 306feGbf a9L ;do;Dd k§L af“w]/ r/d oftgf
lbPsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . lxhf] dfgjclwsf/sdL{ tyf gful/s ;dfhsf JolQmTjx? jL/]Gb|
emfkfnL, 8L=cf/= nfld5fg], uf]ljGbgfy pk|]tL / an/fd yfkfsf] kxn kl5 k|zf;gn]
pkrf/ ug{ ;xdlt hgfPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
o;}aLr
bf]nvfdf lgMz:q JolQmx?nfO{ lu/ºtf/ ug{] / r/d oftgf lbg] zfxL ;]gfsf] /j}ofk|lt
k|x/Lx?n] c;xdlt hgfPsf 5g\ . zflGtk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf JolQmx?nfO{
kqmg' / r/d oftgf lbg' cdfgjLotfsf] k/fsfi7f ePsf] gfd pNn]v gug{] zt{df Ps k|x/L
clws[tn] atfP .
o;}u/L
;fpg @ ut] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ bf]nvf lhNnf OGrfh{ b]zaGw'n] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn+3g u/L lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf cfkm\gf sfo{stf{sf] l/xfO{ x'g'kg]{
dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 . jxf“n] zfxL ;]gfn] % ls=dL=leq /xg] ;xdlt lj?4 #)–#%
ls=dL= 6f9f uP/ cfkm\gf sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fp“b} b]zaGw'n]
jQmJodf cfkm\gf sfo{stf{ l/xf gu/] pTkGg x'g] kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/L k'/fgf] ;Qfn]
lng'kg]{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L bf]nvf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L cl:dtfn] lgz:q ?kdf
/x]sf cfkm\gf sfo{stf{nfO{ t'?Gt l/xf ug'{kg]{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
cfrf/;+lxtf
pNn+3g u/L zfxL ;]gfåf/f lu/km\tf/Ldf k/]sf ?ks ;fksf]6f, ljb'/ dfemL, /fds'df/
sfsL{, k|]d ljs, l6sf/fd Gof}kfg], ljh a'9fyf]sL, lji0f'' kf}8]n, ;ljtf sfsL{,
ljdnf sfsL{, ;'zLnf a'9fyf]sL, tf/f v8\sf, uLtf kf08], l;h{gf a'9fyf]sL / b]jsL
kf08]nfO{ xfn rl/sf]6 lx/f;tdf /flvPsf] 5 . pxf“x¿nfO{ r/d oftgf lbPsfn]
:yfgLo cfkmGtx¿nfO{ e]63f6 ug{ glbOPsf] u'gf;f] kfl/jfl/s ;"qaf6 yfxf x'g
cfPsf] 5 .
1fg]Gb| lqkf7L xg'dfg 9f]sfdf
sf7df8f}+sf]
k'/fgf] a;kfs{af6 cfiff9 @( ut] l;len 8«];sf zfxL ;]gfåf/f jL/Kkg z}nLdf % nfv
?k}of“;lxt lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf ljBfyL{ g]tf 1fg]Gb| lqkf7L xg'dfg 9f]sf lx/f;tdf
k'¥ofOPsf 5g\ . g]tf lqkf7LnfO{ r/d oftgf lbPsf sf/0f ;fdfGo lx+88'n ug{
klg g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'¥ofOPsf] atfOG5 . ;'/Iff ;"qsf cg';f/ ljBfyL{
g]tf lqkf7LnfO{ rGbf p7fPsf] cf/f]kdf em'§f d'2f rnfpg
lhk|sf xg'dfg 9f]sf nluPsf] xf] .
vf]6fªdf
^ hgf lu/km\tf/M ;b/d'sfd lbSt]nb]lv ! lbg 6f9f lrp/L8f“8f ufh;sf] bf]j]nfaf6
!# lbg cl3 zfxL ;]gfåf/f ^ hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/L j]kQf kfl/Psf]
5 . zfxL ;]gfn] lrp/L8f“8fl:yt uf]ljGb >]i7sf] 3/df laxfgsf] vfgf vfO/x]sf]
a]nf 3/ 3]/f xfnL clvn -qmf=_ vf]6fËsf cWoIf bLks tfdfª, pkfWoIf ab|L /fO{,
;x–;lrj gf/fo0f >]i7;lxt ;+3if{, ljljw / :kf]6{ pkgfd u/]sf sfo{stf{nfO{
ckx/0f u/]/ lnPsf 5g\ . :d/0f /xf];\– pgLx¿sf] l:ylt cfh;Dd zfxL ;]gfn]
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g .
kf“ry/df
klg lu/km\tf/M To;}u/L kf“ry/af6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ gf+lug uflj; & af6 ;fpg
# ut] b'O{ dlxnf;lxt ;fthgf ls/f“t /fli6«o df]rf{sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf]
5 . lu/ºtf/ x'g]df ;Gb]z nufotsf /x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
;|f]tn]
/fgL6f/–! df ;DkGg ls/f“t /fli6«o df]rf{sf] k|yd s]Gb|Lo ;Dd]ntdf efu lnP/
kms]{sf] cj:yfdf lu/ºtf/ u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . t/ df]rf{ lgs6 ;|f]tn] tL
sfo{stf{ lgz:q ?kdf ;f+u7lgs sfo{df nflu/x]sf] avt lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf] hgfPsf] 5 .
bfªdf
zflGtk"0f{ sfo{qmddfly k|ltaGwM jftf{sf] nflu ;/sf/nfO{ bjfa lbg lxhf] ;f]daf/
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] oxf“sf] hgk|bz{g sfo{qmddfly :yfgLo k|zf;gn] /f]s nufPsf] 5 .
lhNnf ;'/Iff ;ldltsf] cfOtaf/ a;]sf] a}7sn] 3f]/fxL, t'n;Lk'/ ahf/ dx]Gb| /fhdfu{,
cf;kf;sf ahf/, ndxL ch'{gvf]nfb]lv tn;Lk'/;Ddsf] ;xfos /fhdfu{ / To;sf
;Dk"0f{ cf;kf;sf If]qnfO{ lgif]lwt If]q 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 .
To;sf]
cnfjf b'O{ gu/kflnsf / #) uflj;df k|To]s ;f“em cf7 ah]b]lv laxfg # ah];Dd sºo'{
cfb]z ;d]t hf/L u/]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf dfcf]jfbL / cGo s'g} hgjuL{o ;+u7gn] s'g}
sfo{qmd ug{ gkfpg] lg0f{on] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] a'“bf g++= !) sf] zflGtk"0f{ ;ef–h'n';
;xdltsf] 3f]/ pNn+3g u/]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf gfsfx¿df Jofks dfqfdf ;'/IffsdL{x¿
kl/rfng ul/Psf] 5 / vfgtnf;L / ;f]wk'5nfO{ Jofks ul/Psf] 5 .
wg'iffdf
;]gfsf] ultljlw a9\of]M wg'iffsf ufp“x¿df zfxL ;]gfåf/f Jofks vfgtnf;L, 5fkf
dfg]{ / lu/km\tf/L ug]{ sfd hf/L 5 . hgsk'/af6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ut zlgaf/
3f]/3f“;df zfxL ;]gfåf/f 5fkf df/L :yfgLo hgtf ;'zLn ;fx, a]rg d'lvof, gg'
kfzjfg, nfn d08nnfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 .
xfn
lu/km\tf/ :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ hgsk'/ lhk|sfl:yt lx/f;tdf em'§f cf/f]kdf r/d oftgf
lbO{ /flvPsf] va/ 5 . o:t} zlgaf/ zf]lvnfn kf;jfg, lszf]/L dx/fsf] b]k'/f
?k}7fl:yt 3/df 5fkf df/L lszf]/L dx/fsf] a'afnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] afa' eGb} s'6lk6
u/]sf lyP, o;f] t ;f]xL ufp“df z'qmaf/ zfxL ;]gfn] 3]/f xfnL # 3/ n'6kf6 u/]sf]
;dfrf/ 5 .
sfe|]df hgk|lt/f]wM sfe|]af6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ;'/Iff lbg] axfgfdf ufp“
k;]/ hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg{], s'6lk6 / n'6kf6 ug{] zfx ;]gfnfO{ sfe|]sf] 9'ªvs{sf
hgtfn] k|lt/f]w u/]sf 5g\ .. ut ;fpg # ut] /flt @ ah] ufp“df k;]/ HofbtL
ug{] ;]gf hgtfn] ;zQm k|lt/f]w u/]kl5 Toxf“af6 efu]sf] lyof] .
zflGtk"0f{
ultljlwdfly lgif]wf1f
klZrddf xhf/f}+ hgtf ;8s ;+3if{df
g]kfnu~h÷klZrd
g]kfndf xhf/f}+ hgtf ;f]daf/ km]l/ zflGtk"0f{ zx/L k|bz{gdf pq]sf 5g\ .
klZrd g]kfnsf] gf/fo0fu9, kf]v/f, :ofªhfsf] jflnª, a'6jn, g]kfnu~h / wgu9L
nufotsf zx/x?df cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4 / ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{sf kIfdf tL
zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gLx? ePsf lyP . t/, bfªdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
zflGtk"0f{ hgk|bz{gLaf6 cft+lst eP/ Toxf“sf] :yfgLo k|zf;gn] ;f]daf/
laxfg}b]lv lgz]wf1f hf/L u/]sf] 5 . pQm lgz]wf1fsf sf/0f bfªsf zx/L
Onfsfdf ;f]daf/ hgk|bz{g x'g kfPg . t/ u|fdL0f Onfsfx?df eg]
zflGtk"0f{ ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?df hgtf ;l/s ePsf 5g\ .
hgk|bz{gs}
qmddf sf:sLsf] kf]v/fdf ;f]daf/ lbp;f] gu/kflnsf sfof{no cufl8 xhf/f}+ hgtf
zflGt jftf{sf kIfdf gf/f h'n'z ub{} lrKn]9'+uf k'u]sf lyP . Toxf“ pgLx?n]
Ps sf]0f;efsf] cfof]hgf u/] .. pQm sf]0f;efdf blnt g]tf yDdg kl/of/n] ;Daf]wg
ug{'eof] . o;}u/L :ofªhfsf] jflnªdf klg Ps ljzfn hgk|bz{gL ePsf] 5 .
pQm k|bz{gLdf pkl:yt hgtfn] g]kfndf a9\b} uPsf] cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf] gf/fx?df s8f
eT;{gf u/]sf lyP . Toxf“ ls;fg g]tf elQm nfld5fg]n] ;Daf]wg ug{'ePsf]
lyof] . pxf“ u08s If]qLo hgkl/rfng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs x'g'x'G5 .
To:t}
u08s IF]q cGtu{ts} uf]/vfsf] k'/fgf] a;kfs{df hDdf ePsf xhf/f}+ hgtf lj/f]w
k|bz{gkl5 sf]0f;efdf ;fd]n ePsf 5g\ . ;f]daf/ lbp;f] @ ah] ePsf] pQm
sf]0f;efdf dlxnf g]t[ ;'zLnf l;+v8fn] af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfb g]kfndf jftf{ ef“8\g ;l/s ePsf] cf/f]k nufpg' ePsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng ljBfyL{ g]tf /fdz/0f cfrfo{n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L
lrtjgsf] gf/fo0fu9df klg ljzfn hgk|bz{gL ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .. cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf
lj?4 / zflGtjftf{sf kIfdf Kn]sf8{, Jofg/ af]s]sf xhf/f}+ dlxnf k'?if zxLb rf]s,
k'Nrf]s x'“b} kf]v/f a;kfs{df k'u]sf lyP . kf]v/f a;kfs{df
oL k|bz{gLdf ;fd]n ePsf hgtfn] b]zsf] /fhgLlts ;+s6 ;dfwfg ug{ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/, ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ bafjd"ns gf/fx? nufPsf
lyP . ;fpg kf“r ut]sf hgk|bz{gLx?nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ e]/L–s0ff{nLdf /fdr/0f
rf}w/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;+o'Qm hg;+3if{ ;ldlt lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] eg] /fKtL /
n'lDagLdf ;Gtf]if a'9fdu/sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;+o'Qm hg;+3if{ ;ldlt lgdf{0f ePsf]
lyof] . o;}u/L ;]tL–dxfsfnLdf n]v/fh e§ / u08sIf]qdf elQm nfld5fg] ;+of]hs
/xg' ePsf] ;+o'Qm hg;+3if{ ;ldltx? lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] jftf{sf]
jftfj/0f w'ldn agfp“b} nu]sf] / hgtfnfO{ dfgl;s qf; lbO/x]sfn] ;f]daf/sf
k|bz{gLx?df ljutsf] eGbf ck]lIft ;xefuLtf sd ePsf] cfof]hsx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
sf7df8f}+÷jftf{ k|lqmof, e]63f6 / cGt/lqmofsf nflu )%( r}q @&
ut]b]lv sf7df8f}+df v'n]sf] jftf{ 6f]nL ;Dks{ sfof{no oxL cfOtaf/b]lv aGb ePsf]
;f] sfof{nosf ;lrj e/t 9'+ufgfn] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L ;fj{hlgs ug{' ePsf] 5 .
;fpg ! ut] nlntk'/ d+unahf/af6 lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf] / ;/sf/af6 jftf{ sfof{no / :jo+
cfºgf] ;'/Iffsf] k"0f{ Uof/]06L ;/sf/n] ug{ g;s]sf] hgfp“b} sfof{no aGb
ul/Psf] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
9'+ufgfn] jQmJodf sfof{no cfp“bf–hf“bf / lgjf;df rf}lj;} 306f ;'/IffsdL{n]
lk5f u/]sf], jftf{ sfof{no abL{wf/L / ;fbf kf]zfssf ;/sf/L ;'/IffsdL{x?n] lgu/fgL
ul//x]sf] pNn]v ug{' ePsf] 5 . jQmJosf] cGTodf pxf“n] t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{
ug{] jftfj/0f agfp“bf k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ Jofks bafj lbg cfd hg;d'bfodf clkn klg
ug{'ePsf] 5 . cfOtaf/ k|]lzt pQm k|]; jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7 tn lbOPsf]
5– æxfd|f] kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / ;/sf/aLr @)%( df3 !% ut] o'4lj/fd eO{
zflGtjftf{ k|lqmof z'? ePkl5 @)%( r}q @& ut]b]lv sf7df8f}+df jftf{–;Dks{
sfof{no v'n]sf] s'/f ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L ePs} s'/f xf] . jftf{–;Dks{
sfof{nonfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ d To; sfof{nosf] sfof{no ;lrjsf ?kdf :yfkgfsfnb]lv g}
sfo{/t ePsf] s'/f klg ;a}nfO{ ljlbt} 5 . jftf{ ;Dks{ sfof{no v'n]kl5 l;+uf]
k|]; hut, gful/s ;dfh / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;d]t e]63f6, cGt/lqmofsf nflu ;'ljwf x'g
;s]sf] lyof] .
xfn rf}lj;} 306f jftf{ sfof{no abL{wf/L / ;fbf kf]zfssf ;/sf/L ;'/IffsdL{x?n]
s8f lgu/fgL ul//fv]sf 5g\ . dnfO{ klg sfof{no cfp“bf, hf“bf, lgjf;df
rf}lj;} 306f lk5f ul//x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs 8f=
afa'/fd e§/fO{ nufotsf ;b:ox? ;fj{hlgs eP/ a:g ;Sg] l:ylt g/x]sf] :ki6 5 .
Psflt/ ;/sf/af6 jftf{ sfof{no / :jo+ d]/f] ;'/Iffsf] k"0f{ Uof/]06L ug{
g;Sg' / csf{]lt/ rf}lj;} 306f ;'/IffsdL{x?n] s8f kx/fleq /xg' kg{] l:ylt l;h{gf
ePsfn] cfhs} ldltb]lv jftf{ sfof{no aGb ul/Psf] s'/f cfd gful/s ;dfh, ;+rf/
hut\, dfgjclwsf/jfbL tyf ;Dk"0f{ cfb/0fLo hg;d'bfonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fp“b5' .
o;af6 ;a}df kg{ hfg] c;'ljwfk|lt xfdL Ifdfk|fyL{ 5f}+ . /, ;/sf/sf] o:tf]
jftf{ lj/f]wL /j}of lj?4 pqg / jf:tljs ?kd t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{ ug{] jftfj/0f
agfpg k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ Jofks bjfj lbg cfd hg;d'bfodf clkn klg ub{5' .Æ
;/sf/n]
zflGtjftf{ ef“8]kl5 To;sf lj?4 b]zJofkL ?kdf hgk|bz{gx? ePsf va/x? k|fKt ePsf
5g\ . ;/sf/L ;]gf / ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Jofks kl/rfng u/]/ To:tf k|bz{gx? /f]Sg]
k|oTg u/] klg hg;+3if{ ;ldltsf] cfx\jfgdf lxhf] kfNkfsf] tfg;]gl:yt zLtnkf6Ldf
ljzfn ;ef cfof]hgf ul/of] . pQm ;efdf ljleGg jfdkGyL bn, g]=sf=, g]=sf= -k|hftflGqs_
tyf ljleGg ha;sf k|ltlglwx?n] ;Daf]wg ub{} ;/sf/n] jftf{ e+u ul/;s]sf]n] ca
pTkGg x'g] kl/l:yltsf] lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/n] g} lng'kg{] atfpg'eof] . To:t}
88]nw'/fsf] ;b/d'sfdb]lv * ls=dL= 6f9f /x]sf] kf]v/f gu/df klg ;f]daf/
zflGtjftf{k|lt ;dy{g hgfp“b} a[xb hg;ef ePsf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 ..
lhNnfs} hf]ua'9f / cfnLtfndf ;d]t jftf{k|lt ;/sf/L /j}ofsf lj?4 ljzfn hgk|bz{gx?
;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . o;}aLr afun'ªsf] d'Vo zx/ nfnLu'/f“; rf]sdf lxh}
hg;+3if{ ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf hgk|bz{g;lxt sf]0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf] va/ 5 .
qmflGtsf/Lsf]
sfof{no klg aGb
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_
n] ;d]t ;'/Iffsf sf/0f cfºgf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cfOtaf/b]lv aGb ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
qmflGtsf/Lsf dxf;lrj lxdfn zdf{n] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L ;'/IffsdL{sf] lgu/fgL /
3]/faGbLsf sf/0f sfof{no aGb ug{' k/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] xf] .
zdf{åf/f
k|]lzt lj1lKtdf sfof{noaf6 kms{bf qmflGtsf/Lsf cWoIf n]vgfy Gof}kfg]nfO{ z+s/b]j
SofDk;lg/af6 / zdf{nfO{ afuahf/l:yt >]i7 6]nl/ªlg/af6 ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ºtf/
ug{ vf]h]sf] / cfkm"x? Toxf“af6 pDsg ;kmn ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . o;}
ljifodf lxhf] ;f“em hgfb]znfO{ k|ltlqmof lb+b} clvn-qmflGtsf/L_ sf dxf;lrj
lxdfn zdf{n] …;/sf/n] cfh;Dd u/]sf u}/lhDd]jf/
lqmofsnfkx? / ;]gf tyf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] ljleGg :yfgx?df
ljBfyL{ tyf hgtfdfly u/]sf b'Jo{jxf/x?k|lt ;fj{hlgs ?kdf cfTdnf]rgf ug'{kg]{ /
xTof ug]{nfO{ sfjf{xL ug'{kg]{Ú atfpg'eof] . pxf“n]– …;/sf/n]
eljiodf o:tf xs{t gbf]xf]l/g] k|lta4tf;lxt ;+u7gnfO{ ;'/Iffsf] k"0f{
k|Tofe"lt lbg] cf}krfl/s kq n]v] sfof{no v'Ng]Ú atfpg'eof] . ;Qfsf] /j}of
x]/]/ ;+u7gn] ;+3if{sf efjL sfo{qmd to ug]{ klg zdf{n] atfpg'eof] .
lg/fzfhgs ah]6
sf7df8f}+÷ut
ljxLaf/ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf tkm{af6 cy{dGqL 8f= k|sfzrGb| nf]xgLn] cf=a=)^)÷^! sf]
ah]6 ;fj{hlgs ug{' ePsf] 5 . Ps va{ @ ca{ $) s/f]8 ?k}of ljleGg If]qdf
af“8kmf“8 ul/Psf] ah]6sf] ^) k|ltzt ;fwf/0f vr{tkm{ ljlgof]hg ug{] 3f]if0ff
ul/Psf] 5 . …;'/IffÚ nufot …;]tf xfQLÚ kfNg ;fwf/0f vr{sf] gfddf ul/g]
cfly{s dgf]dflnGo o;k6s emg} a[l4 ul/Psf] 5 . hgtfn] ljsf; rfx]sf 5g\,
zflGt rfx]sf 5g\, ;/sf/ eg] …;'/IffÚ nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] gfddf hgtfn] kl;gf /
k]6 sf6]/ lt/]sf] s/af6 hgxTofs} k|of]hgsf nflu …;'/Iff ah]6Údf a[l4 ul//x]5 .
ljsf;tkm{ d'l:snn] 5'6\ofOPsf] $) k|ltzt /sd ;/sf/sf] hglj/f]wL b]zlj/f]wL ePsf
sf/0f hgc;Gtf]if / cfqmf]z a9]sf] 5 .-^
k[i7df klg x]g{'xf];\_
;dfrf/
;"qsf cg';f/ ;f] cleofgsf d'Vo kf“rj6f a'“bfx? ls6fg ul/Psf 5g\ .
h;df klZrd sdf08el/df j}rfl/s tyf /fhgLlts sfdx?, ;+u7gfTds sfdx?, ;+3if{ ;DaGwL
sfdx?, k|rf/ k|;f/, k|sfzg, k|lzIf0f / ;+rf/sf sfo{x?nfO{ 7f]; of]hgfsf ;fy
sfo{?k lbg] /x]sf 5g\ .
/fhgLlts
sfdsf l;nl;nfdf ljsl;t gof“ /fhgLlts ljrf/, of]hgf / g]t[TjnfO{ hg;d'bfo;“u
uf:g], ;f+u7lgs ?kdf ;+sL0f{, gf]s/zfxL pbf/ / c/fhs sfo{z}nLdf ;'wf/ ub{}
kf6L{, ;]gf, df]rf{ / ;a} ;+u7gx?sf] gof“ :t/df ;'b[9Ls/0f / ;'4Ls/0f ub{} cfd
hg;d'bfonfO{ kmf}hLs[t ug{] /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} hg;DaGwnfO{ u'0ffTds ?kdf
;'b[9Ls/0f ub{} qmflGtnfO{ ks8 / pTkfbg a9fpm eGg] dfcf]jfbL dfGotfsf cfwf/df
cfTdlge{/ /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] cfwf/ tof/ ug{] p2]Zo klg pQm cleofgsf] 5 .
æcfwf/OnfsfnfO{
h'emf? lsNnfdf abNb} of]hgfa4 ljb|f]xsf] t'kmfg ;[li6 u/f}+, kf6L{, ;]gf /
hg;d'bfosf] PstfnfO{ ;'b[9 ub{} PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofg eJotfk"j{s ;kmn kf/f}+Æ
eGg] d"n gf/f rog ul/Psf] of] cleofgsf cGo ;xfos gf/fx?df uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g / ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfof]hgf ug{'kg{], cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf ub{}
jftf{sf ;xdltx? kfngf ul/g'kg{], j}b]lzs rnv]n aGb ub{} cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbnfO{
b]zaf6 wkfpg' kg{] /x]sf 5g\ .
o;}u/L
pQm cleofgsf cGo gf/fx?df jfdkGyL, k|ultzLn b]zeQm / k|hftflGqs zlQmx? Ps x'g'kg{],
cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg'kg{], cfwf/Onfsfx?
;'b[9 ub{} hglgolGqt hg;Qfsf] lgdf{0f ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 .
of]
cleofgn] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] s]xL dlxgf cl3 a;]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sn]
kfl/t u/]sf] æPSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;af/]Æ zLif{ssf] /fhgLlts
k|:tfjnfO{ hgtfdf Jofks 5nkmn / ax; ug{] kf6L{ sdf08 pRr ;"qn] atfPsf] 5 .
s~rgk'/
h]ndf ;+3if{
s~rgk'/ sf/fuf/sf cf:yfsf
aGbLx?n] ljleGg ;d;fdlos tyf h]n ;'wf/sf dfu /fvL cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf 5g\ .
pgLx?n] !# ;'qlo dfu /fvL ut c;f/ @^ ut] ;/sf/nfO{ dfu kq a'emfPsf lyP .
pQm
dfuk|lt ;/sf/n] s'g} ;'g'jfO gu/]sf]n] b]jLnfn rf}w/L ;+of]hs /x]sf] ;ft ;b:oLo
;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g u/L >fj0f ! b]lv ( ;Ddsf] klxnf] r/0fsf] ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmdsf]
3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . klxnf] r/0fsf] sfo{qmddf >fj0f ! ut] gf/f h'n'z;lxt
sf]0f;ef / >fj0f @ b]lv $ ut];Dd xftdf sfnf] kl§ af“w]/ lj/f]w ug{], %
ut]b]lv & ut];Dd sf/fuf/sf] u]6df @ 306f wgf{ ug{], * ut] cfwf 306f ef“8f
ahfP/ lj/f]w hgfpg] / ( ut] cfwf 306f sf/fuf/sf] u]6df 6'sL afn]/ lj/f]w hgfpg]
s'/f ;+of]hs b]jLnfn rf}w/Ln] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . pQm ;+3if{ ;ldltsf cGo ;b:ox?df
lzjk|;fb rf}w/L, s[i0f bQ e§ /xg' ePsf] 5 .
k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/L / sf/fuf/ k|d'vnfO{ ut ;fpg ! ut] n]lvPsf] kq lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt s~rgk'/, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no s~rgk'/ nufot
zflGt ;dfh g]kfn, dfgjclwsf/ tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f s]Gb| h:tf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
cleofg b}lgs, r'/] 6fOD;, lj=lj=;L=, sflGtk'/nfO{ ;d]t af]wfy{ k7fOPsf] lyof] .
klxnf] r/0fsf] ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmdaf6 ;/sf/n] cf:yfsf aGbLx?sf dfu k"/f gu/]
csf{] ;zQm ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff ug{] s'/f ;+of]hs b]jLnfn rf}w/Ln]
atfpg'eof] .
Pdfn] sfo{stf{x? l/xf eP
sf7df8f}+÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
n] ut xKtf g} sflnsf]6 k"j{ lhlj; pk;efklt tyf Pdfn] ;lrj t'nf/fh lji6,
sfo{stf{ dfgaxfb'/ dNn / s'naxfb'/ dNnnfO{ l/xf ul/;s]sf] atfPsf] 5 . sl/a
# xKtf cl3 sflnsf]6 h'ljyfsf] vNnfjf8faf6 j}rfl/s Pj+ Jojxfl/s sfo{stf{x?n]
g]=s=kf=-Pdfn]_n] k|rf/sf] nflu ckx/0fsf] xNnf km}nfPsf] atfPsf 5g\ .
o;af/]
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f ul7t sflnsf]6 lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v e/t jdn] hgfb]zl;t
eGg'eof]– æPdfn] kf6L{sf g]tf sfo{stf{åf/f gsf/fTds k|rf/ ePsfn] xfd|f]
d}qLk"0f{ e]63f6 vNnf] agfof] . /, xfdLn] :yfgLo ;+rf/sdL{ / dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?sf]
/f]xa/df a'‰g] u/L vn+uf k7fO;s]sf 5f}+ . pxf“x?;“u lhNnfsf] Jojxfl/s
;d:ofx? d}qLk"0f{ xn ug{ pQm e]63f6 rn]sf] lyof] .Æ
o:t}
x'Dnf /fof ufh;sf k|]daxfb'/ a'9fnfO{ dfcf]jfbLåf/f ckx/0f ge} :yfgLo ;d:ofsf]
af/]df 5nkmn ug{ glhs}sf] ufh;df af]nfPsf] s'/f :yfgLo kf6L{ sfo{stf{ s= k|lt/f]wn]
atFPsf 5g\ . k"j{ uflj; cWoIf a'9fn] lbuf] ljsf; sfo{qmd dfkm{t\ h:t/df
e|d l;h{gf ul//x]sf lyP .
s0ff{nLjf;Lsf] 8]lnu]zg
sf7df8f}+÷k|fljlws lzIff
tyf Joj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ eQmk'/af6 lbOg] pRr k|fljlws lzIff lgMz'Ns k9\g kfpg]
Joj:yfsf] nflu s0ff{nLsf ;r]t a'l4hLjLx?n] lglZrt sf]6fsf] dfu u/]sf 5g\ .
/fHo;Qfaf6 pk]lIft s0ff{nLsf ljBfyL{x?sf] nflu pRr k|fljlws lzIff cfsfzsf] kmn
alg/x]sf] a]nf pQm dfu;lxt s0ff{nLaf6 sf7df8f}+ cfO{ a;]sf ;r]t a'l4hLjLx?n] ut
ljxLaf/ kl/ifb\df 8]lnu]zg uPsf lyP . 8]lnu]zg 6f]nLn] s0ff{nLjf;L hgtfsf
5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ 5fqj[lQ lbP/ k9fpg] Joj:yfsf nflu k|To]s lhNnfsf] nflu s[lifsf]
h]=6L=P=, :jf:Yosf] Pr=P=, g;{, OlGhlgo/, sDKo'6/ cflb ljifout %÷% lhNnf sf]6f
lgwf{/0f u/fpg dfu u/]sf] lyof] .
;f]
8]lnu]zg 6f]nLn] kl/ifb\sf lgb{]zs 8f= 6+sgfy zdf{, 8fO/]S6/ s[i0f l/hfn /
pkfWoIfnfO{ e]6L ;sf/fTds hjfkm kfPsf] 5 . pQm 8]lnu]zg 6f]nLdf s0ff{nLsf
jl/i7 kqsf/ k|]d s}bL, lgjt{dfg ;f+;b rGb|axfb'/ zfxL, k|fljlw1 dg?k zfxL, o'jf
kqsf/ bLk]Gb| /f]sfof / hGdb]j h};L, s0ff{nL ljBfyL{ lxt ;ldlt ;efklt xl/axfb'/
af]x/f, uf]kfnaxfb'/ zfxL / sflnsf]6sf lzIfs xl/rGb| h};L x'g'x'GYof] .
l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf ufp“ hg;/sf/
l;Gw'kfNrf]s÷@)%*
;fndf lhNnfdf ^) j6f eGbf a9L uf=h=;= lgdf{0f u/L 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm lhNnf
hg;/sf/ cGtu{tsf @@ j6f ;+o'Qm ufp“ hg;/sf/ k'gu{l7t ufh;x? 7"nf] l;?jf/L,
sbdjf;, ;fufrf]s, ;fgf] l;?jf/L, atf;], s'le08], :ofpn], Ov{', ;]nfª, km'lNkªsf]6,
km'lNkª8f“8f, dfªvf, dfg]Zjf“/f, hnlj/], xufd, ef]/] tfDnfª, Hofld/],
l;kfkf]v/], af8]ufp, l;Dkfn sfe|]], s'Grf]s, led6f/ ufh; /x]sf 5g\ .
l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf hg;/sf/ cGtu{tsf af“sL /x]sf c? ufh;x?nfO{ klg k'gu{7g ug{]
qmd tLj| 5 .
af/fdf lhNnf hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff
af/f÷hgo'4sf] z'?jftkZrft\ g]kfnL hgtfn] cfºgf] ;Qf
cfkm} ;~rfng ug{ kfP klg k"jL{ t/fOsf] lhNnf af/fsf hgtfn] c;f/ #@ ut] af/f
lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ffkl5 ;f] cj;/ kfPsf 5g\ .. ;f] hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff ;efdf
jQmfx?n] ca t/fOsf ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf / If]qx?df hg;/sf/x? agfOg] / hgo'4nfO{
3lge"t kfg{] s'/f atfPsf 5g\ . ;f] ;efaf6 lzjrGb| s'zjfx k|d'v /xg'
ePsf] !( ;b:oLo hg;/sf/ u7g ul/Psf] 5 . h;df pkk|d'v x/L rf}nfufO{, dlxnf
k|ltlglw Hjfnf zfx / alatf d08n, ls;fg k|ltlglw bLks v8\sf, s[i0f bfxfn, dhb"/
k|ltlglw dxdb xjf/L, kf6L{ k|ltlglw ;GbLk, cd/, /fhg, hgd'lQm ;]gf k|ltlglw /~hLt,
/dg, dw]zL ;d'bfo k|ltlglw zDe' d08n, hf]vg ldof cG;f/L,x;g hgcG;f/L, tfdfª
k|ltlglw >LsfhL df]Qmfg, /f]zg nfdf, yf? ;d'bfo k|ltlglw 5ljnfn rf}w/L /xg'
ePsf] 5 .
b}n]v÷
b}n]v lhNnf hg;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] ljsf;fTds sfo{sf] nflu tof/ u/]sf] of]hgf / jh]6
ljlgof]hg xfn} ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .. ;dfrf/ cg';f/ lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v wL/
axfb'/ sfsL{n] b}n]v lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] jflif{s jh]6 ! s/f]8 ^@ nfv #& xhf/
5'6\ofPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLåf/f ul7t lhNnf hg;/sf/ o'4sfnLg l:yltdf eP klg
clxn];Dd ;fj{hlgs 7"nf] ah]6 b}n]v lhNnf hg;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .
jh]6nfO{ k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df z}lIfs tkm{ @@ nfv^$ xhf/ rf/ ;o, :jf:Yo tkm{ !@
nfv &% xhf/, pBf]u tyf Joj;fo tkm{ ( nfv, s[lif tkm{ # nfv / ljsf; lgdf{0f
tkm{ ^% nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
of] ;fj{hlgs ah]6 efif0f ;'g]sf hgtfn] o'4sfnLg ;Qf x'“bf klg hg;/sf/sf]
ljsf; ah]6 lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]sf]df lgs} k|z+;f u/]sf 5g\ lhNnf hg;/sf/ pk k|d'vsf
cg';f/ t];|f] lhNnf hgk|ltlglw ;efn] ljutsf] d"Nofª\sg / efjL sfo{lbzfsf]
tof/ u/]kl5 pQm 3f]if0ff lhNnfsf] nsfGb|fdf ePsf] xf] . pQm 3f]if0ff ;efdf
lhNnfsf $^ ufh;sf sl/a !@ ;o k|ltlglw lyP eg] xhf/f}+
hgtfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .
z}lIfs lhNnf e]nf
clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7g b}n]vsf] t];|f] e]nf
g]kf ufh;df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm e]nfdf gof“ hgjfbL lzIFfsf] cEof; ug{
pTkfbg lzIff af/] Hofks 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . e]nfn] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] j}1flgs
lzIFf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] cfwf/df dfq tof/ x'g] lg0f{o lnPsf] ;drf/df pNn]v 5 .
ls;fg
lhNnf sld6L u7g
clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmf=_ b}n]v lhNnf
e]nfn] gof“ sfo{ ;ldlt agfPsf] 5 .. gof/fd yfkfsf] cWoIftfdf ! ;b:o kl5
yKg] u/L !& ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIF uf]/] h};L,
;lrj g/axfb'/ zfxL, sf]iffWIf eLd j=lji6 /xg'ePsf] 5 eg] ;b:ox?df lbNnL k|;fb
zdf{, /fdaxfb'/ zfxL, df]xgs'df/ wdnf, odaxfb'/ yfkf, 6]s/fh cfrfo{, sdn rGb,
wd{axfb'/ v8\sf, wgaxfb'/ zfxL, k|]dk|sfz clwsf/L, em'kfnfn kf08], df]xg s'df/
zfxL /xg' ePsf] 5 .
blnt
df]rf{sf] k|lzIF0f
g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{ b}n]v lHfNnf ;ldltn]
xfn} b'O lbg] k|lzIF0f e]nf u/]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 .. pQm k|lzIf0f lhNnf e]nfn]
nf]saxfb'/ lj=s=sf] pkfWoIFtfdf @! ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldltsf] u7g u/]sf] 5 .
e]nfn] Ps dlxg] lhNnf ;+u7g ;'b[9Ls/0f cleofg yfn]sf] klg ;dfrf/ 5 .
dlxnfsf] k|yd lhNnf e]nf
h]7 !@ / !# ut] cg]d;+3-qmf=_ b}n]vn] k|lzIf0f e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
e]nfn] clgtf zfxLsf] cWoIftfdf
!& ;b:oLo sfo{ ;ldlt agfPsf] ;dfrf/df pNn]v 5 . h;df pkfWoIF e/t /]UdL,
;lrj rGb|f u'?ª\, ;x;lrj eujtL lji6, sf]iffWoIf clgtf dNn, ;b:ox? sNkgf yfkf,
nLnf yfkf, ;Gtf zfxL, ;fljqL zfxL, rGb|f zfxL, ljdnf zfxL, ljdnf rGb, k|]df rGb,
zzL ;nfdL, uLtf ;nfdL, ;/:jtL yfkf, sf}lznf yfkf, ofd s'df/L yfkf /xg' ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f 36gf ;fj{hlgs
a'6jn÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ?kGb]xL lhNnf ;ldltn]
Pdfn] sfo{stf{ k|]d zfxLsf] d[To'sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ Pdfn]n] k|sflzt u/]sf] k|];
jQmJo / 5fkfx?df k|sflzt ;dfrf/k|lt kf6L{sf] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ?kGb]xL lhNnf OGrfh{ lgd{ns'df/åf/f
x:tfIfl/t k|]; lj1lKtdf Pdfn]n] k|]d zfxLsf] nfzdfly /fhgLlt ug{ yfn]sf] hgfpg'
ePsf] 5 .
ut c;f/ @^ ut] /flt ?kGb]xLsf] s]/jfgL uflj; 66]/fdf
s'6lk6af6 3fOt] ePsf zfxLsf] sf7df8f}+df pkrf/ ubf{ub{} d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5– æPdfn] kf6L{ / g]tfx?n] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] a9\bf] /fhgLlts
k|efj / pn{bf] hgcfwf/af6 cft+lst eP/ kf6L{ sfo{stf{ tyf kf6L{ lj?4 uDeL/ if8\oGq
u/L lglxt :jfy{ k'/f ug{ 36gfnfO{ a9fOr9fO / pQ]hgfTds agfOPsf]df xfdLnfO{ cfZro{
nfu]sf] 5 .Æ
lj1lKtdf c;f/ @^ ut] /flt cTolws dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg
u/L dlxnf dfq ePsf] 3/df ceb| Jojxf/ ug{ vf]Hbf lgh dlxnfn] u'xf/ dfu]kl5
Pdfn]sf :yfgLo g]tfx?;lxt ufp“n]x?sf] ;d"xn] lgh zfxLnfO{ sAhfdf lnO{
s'6lk6 ubf{ cfºgf] kf6L{n] cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu sAhfdf lnPsf] pNn]v 5 .
;fy} cTolws dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg
u/]sf]n] ;f] lbg cg';Gwfg x'g g;s]sf] hgfp“b} lj1lKtdf csf{] lbg laxfg kf“r
k6s sfg 5f]kL p7a; u/fPsf] / uNtL :jLsf/ u/L cfufdL lbgdf uNtL gug{] jfrf ub{}
cfºgf] 3/tkm{ ;s'zn lx8]/ uPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
blnt df]rf{sf
;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?
sf7df8f{}+÷s]xL
xKtf cl3 dfq} /fli6«o e]nf ;DkGg ug{ ;kmn ePsf] g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnn]
e]nf kZrft\ ljleGg dfu /fVb} ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd to ul/;s]sf] 5 .
sfo{qmd cGtu{t g]kfn blnt
d'lQm df]rf{ g'jfsf]6–/;'jf–l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] cfof]hgfdf ut c;f/ #) ut]
g'jfsf]6 rf}38faf6 ljzfn ¥ofnL z'? eO{ cfk| ahf/df uO{ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf]
;dfrf/ 5 . lhNnf cWoIf lzj vftLn] ;+rfng ug{' ePsf] ;efnfO{ /f]lx0fL
ljZjsdf{n] ;Daf]wg ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] pkl:yt hg;d'bfonfO{ :jfut dGtJoåf/f
cl:dtf lj=s=n] :jfut ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
dw]zL
/f=d'=df]=sf] bf];|f] lhNnf e]nf
l;/fxf÷dw]zL
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] bf];|f] lhNnf e]nf ut c;f/ @! ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm e]nfdf k|d'v cltly dw]zL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ b]jgf/fo0f
ofbj x'g'x'GYof] eg] jQmfx?df c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf lhNnf cWoIf lji0f'b]j
ofbj, b=d'=df]rf{sf lhNnf cWoIf dx]Gb| ;bfo, cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf
;b:o bLk]Gb| s'df/ l;+, c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL k|ltlglw ;b:o wd{zLnf b]jL
zfx x'g'x'GYof] . pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfns d=d'=df]=sf lhNnf ;b:o xhf/L ofbjn]
ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] e]nfsf] ;efkltTj k"j{ d=/f=d'=df]rf{sf lhNnf ;+of]hs
rf}w/L dxtf]n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . e]nfn] rf}w/L dxtfsf] cWoIftfdf ! ;b:o
kl5 yKg] u/L !^ ;b:oLo ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;ldltdf pkfWoIf /fdafa'
ofbj, ;lrj chos'df/ gfos, ;x;lrjdf a'4] ofbj, sf]iffWoIf /fds'df/ kf;jfg tyf ;b:ox?df
xhf/L ofbj, /fhs'df/ dxtf], lzj' ofbj, k/d]Zj/ zfx, pk]Gb| zfx, /fd afn]6/ ofbj,
/fd v]nfpg dxtf], u'u'nL ofbj, of]u]Gb| dxtf], ljnf;L rf}w/L, /fh]Gb|k|;fb dxtf]
/xg' ePsf] 5 .. pQm e]nfsf] k|d'v cltly b]jgf/fo0f ofbjn] dw]zL /fli6«o
d'lQm df]rf{sf] dxTjsf] af/]df, jt{dfg /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o tyf df]rf{sf]
e"ldsfsf] af/]df k|sfz kfg{' ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmdsf] aLr–aLrdf
nfn t/fO{ ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?n] cfsif{s ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd k|:t't u/]sf
lyP .
qmflGtsf/Låf/f h'jf8]nfO{ sfjf{xL
a'6jn÷?kGb]xL lhNnfdf
s]xL ;do otf clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ / cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_
n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;fdflhs ljs[lt km}nfpg] u/L h'jf tf; v]Ng] h'jf8]x?nfO{ sf/jfxL
u/]sf] 5 . a'6jn gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= !# / !! z+s/gu/ uflj;sf] j8f g+= % /
^, dqmx/ uflj;sf] j8f g+= ^ df xfn} qmflGtsf/Lx?åf/f %) hgfnfO{ sf/jfxL :j?k
!%–!% k6s p7a; u/fO{ @–@ kQL tf; v'jfOPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
h'jf8]x?nfO{
cfufdL lbgdf km]l/ tf; v]n]sf] e]6fPdf yk sfjf{xL ug{] u/L 5fl8Psf] ;d]t dlxnf
;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 .
gSsnL dfcf]jfbL dfcf]jfbLsf] sAhfdf
s]xL lbg otf s}nfnLsf] /fhLk'/df
dfcf]jfbLsf] gfd lbP/ gSsnL lr¶L agfO{ cfkm" Pl/of OGrfh{ ePsf] atfpg]
lji0f' rf}w/L, vGr' rf}w/L, phn'jf rf}w/L, nf]s] 6df6f, clgn yfkf, ;'/]Gb|
s7fot, dLgaxfb'/ af]x/f, ljgf]b yfkf, nf}6g rf}w/Ln] rGbf p7fPsf lyP .
ut ;f]daf/ /fhLk'/df hgtfn] lji0f' rf}w/LnfO{ sAhfdf lnPkl5 ;a} gfd v'Ng
cfof] . To;kl5 hgtfn] :yfgLo dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{ a'emfP . To;kl5
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] gSsnL sfddf nfu]sfx?nfO{ plrt hgsf/jfxL ug{ sAhfdf lnPsf] ;dfrf/
5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf] cfx\jfg
/fd]5fk÷lhNnfsf] vlgofkfgL ufh;sf] j8f g+= & lgjf;L
#) jifL{o s'df/ >]i7n] ;f]xL ufh;sL !^ jifL{of ;/:jtL v8\sfnfO{ ut h]7 @# ut]
ds}af/Ldf anfTsf/ u/L km/f/ /x]sf]df s;}n] b]v]–e]6]df :yfgLo ufh;df a'emfOlbg
cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 . lgh >]i7nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] 36gf nuQ} sAhf u/L ;f] ufh;sf k|d'v bLkssf]
pkl:yltdf hg;d'bfon] sfnf] df];f] nufP/ hgtfsf cufl8 sfjf{xL ul/Psf] lyof] .
;fy} lghnfO{ ufh;sf] dftxtdf >d sf/fjf;df /flvPsf]df h]7 #) ut]b]lv km/f/ /x]sf]
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ /fd]5fkn] hgfPsf] 5 . lgh s'df/ >]i7 g]=s=kf=-Pdfn]_
;+u ;DalGwt /x]sf] ;d]t dfcf]jfbLn] hgfPsf] 5 .
a]kQf kfl/PsL
5f]/L k'gM cfdfsf] sfvdf
sf7df8f}+÷sl/a sl/a Ps jif{ cl3 zfxL ;]gfåf/f
sAhfdf lnO{ uf]Ko 9+un] g]kfn afn ;+u7gdf /flvPsL # jifL{of aflnsf k|]/0ffn]
km]l/ cfdfsf] Gofgf] sfv kfPsL l5g\ .
aflnsf
k|]/0ffnfO{ cfdf zf/bf sf]O/fnfsf] 7"nf] kxn kZrft\ oxL c;f/ @^ ut] jftf{
6f]nL sfof{nosf k|ltlglw e/t 9'+ufgf, cGo afn ;+u7g / kqsf/x?sf] dfemdf g]kfn
afn ;+u7gsL cWoIf /Ltf l;+x a}+Bn] pxf{nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
@)%(
c;f/ #) ut] cfkm" dfOt hfg nfUbf gfDhfnL 8f“8fdf zfxL ;]gfn] 3]/f xfn]kl5
afWo eO{ :yfgLo wgdfof u'?ªnfO{
aRrf 5f]8L cfkm" 3]/f tf]8\g ;kmn eP klg afa'–cfdfdflysf] /fhg}lts
k|ltzf]w aRrfdfly kf]v]/ aRrfnfO{ a]kQf kf/]sf] 36gf ;Demb} ! jif{kl5 cfºgf] ;Gtfg
kfp“bf xlif{t x'“b} zf/bf sf]O/fnf eGg'x'G5– æolt nfdf] ;dokl5 klg cfºgL
5f]/L ;s'zn kfp“bf dnfO{ w]/} v'zL nfu]sf] 5 .Æ cfufdL lbgdf s;}n] klg
o:tf] kL8f ef]Ug gk/f];\ eGb} k'/fgf] ;Qf kIfåf/f lgotjz g} caf]w afnaflnsfdfly
k|ltzf]w ;fWg] sfd eO/x]sf] h;sf] cGTo t'?Gt} x'g'kg{] atfpg'eof] .
:d/0f/xf];\,
@ jifL{of k|]/0ffnfO{ cfºgf] sAhfdf lnPkl5 zfxL ;]gfn] e|fds tl/sfn] k|rf/ ub{}
dfcf]jfbLx?n] aRrfnfO{ o;/L a]jfl/;] kf/fn] 5f]8]/ lx8\5g\ eGb} k|rf/ u/]sf]
lyof] . ;f] k|rf/sf] v08g ub{} cfdf / aRrfnfO{ 5'6fpg afWo agfpg] clg e|fds
k|rf/ ug{] pQm z}nLk|lt sf]O/fnf /f]if k|s6 ug{'x'G5 .
cfºgL 5f]/Lsf] vf]hLdf
sf]O/fnf ljleGg 7fp“df k'Ug' ePsf] lyof] t/ st} kQf] gnfu]kl5 oxL c;f/ !# ut]
Ps kqsf/ ;Dd]ng dfkm{t\ aRrf sAhfdf lnPsf] l:yltsf af/]df atfp“b} ;a} tx /
tKsfaf6 kxn ul/lbg cfu|x u/]kZrft\ g} sf7df8f}+sf] g]kfn afn ;+u7g, gS;fndf /x]sf]
v'nf;f ePsf] lyof] . k|]/0ff @)%^ ;fndf zxLb x'g' ePsf s= k|]d 9sfnsL 5f]/L
x'g\ .