bLk]Gb|axfb'/
If]qL
cfly{s jif{ z'? ePs} lbg ah]6 k]z ug{] z'?jft ub{} ljutsf cWofb]z dfkm{t\
NofOPsf ah]6 h:t} ;+;bsf] ;fdgf ug{' gkg{] cj:yfdf ah]6 5 .. ah]6sf] cfsf/
ljutsf t'ngfdf a9]sf] 5 / ;fwf/0f vr{ ;f7L k|ltzt ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 eg] ljsf;
vr{ s]jn rfln; k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . ;+;bLo / :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg
Ps}k6s u/fpg] c7f]6sf ;fy em08} kf}g] b'O{ ca{ 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 .. pQm
d'ne"t nIo / sfo{qmd lnO{ cfPsf] of] ah]6n] ;fdfGo dfGotf / kfng ug{'kg{]
cfwf/x? ;dfj]z eP gePsf] ljj]rgf of]Uo5 . ah]6 ;/sf/sf] Ps jif{] vr{
af“8kmf“8 / >f]tsf] ljj/0f xf] h'g ;fj{ef}d ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg ul/g'kb{5 ..
ah]6n] k|:tf]tfsf] /fhg}lts ceLi6 k"/f ug{ sfo{qmdx? ;d]6]sf] x'g'kb{5 .
cfºgf cg'ofoLx?sf] cfsf+Iff k"/f u/fpg] /0fgLltsf ;fy lbuf] ljsf;sf cfwf/
v8f ug{' klg ah]6sf] nIo x'g'kb{5 . log} cfwf/x?df ah]6sf] ljljw kIfx?
s]nfpg' cfjZos 5 .
pbf/Ls/0f, lghLs/0f / e"d08nLs/0fsf] /6df
xf]ldPsf] ;dfhdf k|:t't ah]6n] ;fd"lxs :jfdLTjdf pBdx? :yfkgf / ;+rfng u/L
gfkmf gf]S;fgdf ;xeflutf h'6fpg] r]i6f u/]sf] 5 . ;xsfl/tfsf] dfWodaf6
xfn;Dd ;/sf/L ;+rfngdf /x]sf s[lif kmd{x? x:tfGt/0fsf] gLlt ah]6df emNs]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L lghLs/0fdf n}hfg' kg{] elgPsf] ;fj{hlgs If]qsf ;+:yfgx?nfO{ klg ;xsfl/tfdf
9fnL ;+rfng u/fpg] /0fgLlt ah]6df 5 . ljB't ljt/0fsf] sfo{ :yfgLo lgsfonfO{
;'Dkg] of]hgfsf cltl/Qm :yfgLo :t/df ;xsfl/tfsf] dfWodaf6 ljt/0f k4lt Jojl:yt ug{]
ah]6sf] of]hgfn] Ps} k6s lghL :jfldTjdf hfg] k4ltnfO{ ;fd"lxstfdf abNg]
r]i6f u/]sf] 5 .
;/sf/ / hgtfsf] ;xsfo{nfO{ a9fjf lbg] pb\3f]if u/]sf]
ah]6n] hg:t/af6 p7fOPsf sbdnfO{ ;/sf/L tj/af6 6]jf lbg] hdsf{] ePsf] 5 .
un}rfsf nflu sRrf kbfy{sf ?kdf k|of]u x'g] pmg :jb]zdf pTkfbg ug{ e]8f kfngsf]
z'?jft ug{] of]hgf / ljb]zdf /f]huf/df hfg] g]kfnLsf nflu C0f k|bfg ug{ /
pgLx?sf] sdfO{ g]kfn leq\ofpg g]kfn /f]huf/ a}+s vf]Ng ;/sf/n] d2t ug{] ePsf] 5 .
b'u{d If]q / pTkLl8t, blnt dlxnfsf nflu ah]6n] gfd
pRrf/0f u/L /sd ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f If]qsf :s"nx?df 5fqfx?,
blntx?sf] egf{nfO{ ;+VofTds a[l4 ug{] / pgLx?nfO{ :s"ndf ydfP/ /fv]df yk @%
k|ltzt cg'bfg lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .. :s"nx?n] OdfGbfl/tf b]vfP ;fIf/tfdf
pknlAw x'g ;Sg]5 . dWo÷;'b"/klZrddf ;8s lgdf{0fdf s'nsf] @&
k|ltzt /sd ljlgof]lht 5 .
gof“ lgsfox?sf] u7g u/L ;DalGwt If]qsf] ultljlw
a9fpg] nIo /fvL ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf] :yfkgf ug{ g'jfsf]6, jL/u~h / sfe|]sf] gfd
lnOPsf] 5 . pTkfbg, lgof{tof]Uo j:t'x?sf] k|zf]wg nufotsf sfo{df cfly{s
If]q pkof]uL x'g ;Snfg\ . Ps}ynf]df w]/} ;]jf pknAw u/fO{ lgof{t a[l4 u/fpg]
nIo k"/f ug{ >d ;DaGwL 5'§} lgodfjnL nfu" ug{] of]hgfn] eg] >d
P]g / >lds clwsf/ s'l07t agfpg] cfz+sf u/]sf] kfOG5 . Ond k|lzIf0f
s]Gb|df ;Lk ljsf; tflnd lnO{ /f]huf/L a9fpg d2t k'¥ofpg] /x]sf] ah]6n] j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ldf klg cbIf sfdbf/sf] Go"g cfosf t'ngfdf bIf, tflnd k|fKt sfdbf/
pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] u'~hfO; /xG5 .
zx/L tyf jftfj/0f ;'wf/ s]Gb|sf] :yfkgfn] pkTosfdf
a9\b} uPsf] hg;+Vofsf] rfkn] NofPsf ljs[ltnfO{ x6fpg cf;kf;sf ahf/ s]Gb|tkm{
cfsliF{t ug{] nIo lnOPsf] 5 . To:t} ;8saf]8{sf] :yfkgf, s[lif, u|fdL0f
pTyfg a}+såf/f shf{ k|bfg ug{] / art kl/rfng ug{] nIo lnOPsf] 5 .
d'n'ssf] d'ne"t rf;f]sf] ljifo /fhg}lts bnx?sf]
lrGtgdf cf–cfºg} km/s km/s dt cfpg ;Snf t/ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf nflu hgo'4sf/L
zlQmx?;“u :yfoL zflGtsf lbzfdf dt ldnfpg' g} /x]sf] cleJoQm ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
ah]6df xfnsf] o'4lj/fdsf] 5f]6f] cjlwdf /fhZj ;+sng nufot cfly{s ultljlwdf ;sf/fTds
k|efj /x]sf] :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . o;f] x'“bf x'“b} klg ;/sf/ u7g ePsf]
b'O{ dlxgf k'lu;Sbf klg jftf{sf] 6'+uf] gnfUg' / ah]6df gjwf/0ff agfpg] l;jfo
7f];\ sfo{qmdsf] 5gs gkfOPaf6 ah]6 st} sfNklgs w/ftndf plePsf] t 5}g eGg] cj:yf
cfPsf] 5 . zflGtsf] ck]Iff ;lxt cfPsf] ah]6df ;fwf/0f vr{ cGtu{t zflGt ;'/Iffsf]
/sd ljlgof]hgdf vf;} s6f}tL gx'g'n] ah]6sf] ck]Iff / Jojxf/df 7"n} cGt/
sfod 5 eGg] 7fp“ /fv]sf] 5 .
cfly{s jif{ @)%(÷)^)df cl3Nnf] jif{sf] oyfy{ vr{sf]
t'ngfdf ah]6 %=^ k|ltztn] dfq a9L ePsf] t'ngfdf k|:t't ah]6df @!=!k|ltztn]
a[l4sf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . ;fdfGo cj:yfdf ;d]t tndfly gx'g] ah]6sf] /sd ;+;bg}
;fdgf ug{' gkg{] l:yltdf yk36sf] ;Defjgf eg] 5}g . !)@ ca{ dWo] %( k|ltzt ;fwf/0f
vr{ / $! k|ltzt ljsf; vr{ 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . ljsf; vr{ dWo] &) k|ltzt
j}b]lzs C0f÷;xof]udf lge{/ /x]sf] of] ah]6 bftf ;+3÷;+:yf / /fi6«x?sf] dteGbf
km/s rNg g;Sg] s8Lsf ?kdf cjl:yt 5 . ltd|f] ljsf; xfd|f] xftdf 5 eGg] bftf
/fi6«x?s} dtx?df cfwfl/t eP/ cTofjZosLo ;]jfx?– ljB't, kfgL cflbsf] d"No
a9fpg] ul/Psf] k|;+udf d'n'ssf] ljb]z gLlt dfq xf]Og cfGtl/s gLlt klg k|efljt
x'g] u'~hfO; a9]sf] 5 .
ah]6n] Ps ;fns} nflu dfq nIo u/]sf] x'“b}g .
cfp“bf cgluGtL jif{x?sf nflu cfwf/ v8f ul/lbg] sfd klg ah]6sf] xf] . o:tf]
ck]Iff Tolta]nf ug{ ;lsG5 h'ga]nf rfn' vr{ cyf{t\ tna, eQf, ljB't, kfgL dx;'n /
k]6«f]n, 6]lnkmf]g cflbdf eGbf k"“hLut vr{–lgdf{0f, nufgL, cflbdf a9L
/sd ljlgof]hg x'G5 . t/, k|:t't ah]6df t k"“hLut vr{ s]jn @( k|ltzt
dfq 5 . &! k|ltzt /sd rfn' vr{df hfG5 . o;af6 :ki6 ePsf] kIf
ah]6n] eljionfO{ Wofgdf /fVg] 606f lnPsf] 5}g, s]jn ;fd'Gg]sf] efu dfq x]/]sf] 5 .
k"“hLut vr{sf] pQm Go"gtf aLr klg
cfly{s a[l4 $=% k|ltzt ;Ddsf] ck]Iff ah]6n] u/]sf] 5 . s[lifdf # k|ltzt /
u}/s[lifdf %=* k|ltzt a[l4sf] cfzf /fVbf df};ddf e/kg{] s[lifn] >dsf] cefj
v]Kg k/]sf] tYo / cg'bfg lbg tl;{Psf] ;/sf/sf] d'b|f;“u kl/lrt s[ifsx? k|Zg
v8f ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;–;fgf 6'qmfdf /x]sf] e"–:jfldTjsf] pkof]udf
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ / cfGtl/s åGån] lj:yflkt hgzlQmnfO{
Jojl:yt 9+un] ;fd"lxs v]tLdf nfu]sf b:tfsf] k|of;n] slQsf] y]Ub5
To;}df e/ kb{5 . t/, ;f] If]qsf] tYof+s ;Dk|]if0f gx'g] ePsfn] s[lif If]qsf]
a[l4sf] ck]Iff klg j:t'ut cf+sngdf cfwfl/t 5 eGg ;lsGg .
u}/ s[lif If]qsf] %=* k|ltztsf] ck]Iff klg ?U0f
pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ k"“hLk|jfx ug{ ! ca{ %) s/f]8 5'6\ofOPsf], w]/}
cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fg gf]S;fgLdf /x]sf] cflb sf/0f x]bf{ nlIft a[l4 xfl;n x'g xDd]
kg{] x'“bf ;du|sf] cfly{s a[l4 b/ xfl;n ug{ s7Lg 5 . s[lif Pj+ u}/s[lif
If]qaf6 pTkfbg a[l4, lgof{t / /f]huf/L k|bfg ug{ d'n'sleq lgjf{w 9+un] Joj;fo ;+rfng
ug{] jftfj/0f x'g cfjZos 5 . t/, d'n's kl/jt{gsf] sfdgf;lxt cl8u b]lvG5 .
;a}h;f] ;+;bLo cEof;df /x]sf /fhg}lts bnx? /fhg}lts c;Gt'li6 b]vfp“b} lj/f]w
sfo{qmd tLj| agfpg tNnLg 5g\ . u|fdL0f e]sdf Ps jf csf{] jxfgfdf ;lhnf];“u
pkef]Uo j:t'x? ;d]t k'Ug cj/f]w v8f ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . xfn klg sltko
oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf ePs} lhNnfx?df klg lgif]wf1f nflu/x]sf] ;+rf/sf dfWoddf cfO/x]5 .
To;df klg b'O{ 7"nf lgjf{rgx? ;DkGg ug{ ah]6 5'6\ofOPsf] cj:yf 5 .
lgjf{rgsf] k|rf/ k|;f/sf nflu hgtfsf] ;xeflutf cTofjZos 5, cGoyf k|hftflGqs
k4ltdf k|Zg lrGx :yfoL ?kn] sfod /xg ;Qm5 .. log} sf/0fx?n] cfly{s jif{ ;fdfGo
/xg] ;+s]tx? ljnLg x'“b} uPsf] b]lvG5 / nIo ul/Psf] cfly{s a[l4 xfl;n ug{
d'l:sn 5 .
:yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgsf] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5gs
ah]6n] lbPs} a]nf bh{gf}+ cWofb]z dWo] lghfdlt sd{rf/Ln] :yfgLo lgsfo rnfpg]
Joj:yf;lxt Ps cl:tTjdf cfO;s]sf] 5 . sltko z}lIfs, :jf:Yo ;DaGwL :yfgLo :t/sf
OsfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{] 3f]if0ff ePs} a]nf /fli6«o dfGotf k|fKt bnsf k|ltlglwx?,
gful/s ;dfh cflbsf] ;xeflutfdf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt v8f u/L ;8s, vfg]kfgL h:tf kl/of]hgf
;+rfng ug{] of]hgf klg ah]6df kfOG5 . cWofb]zsf] cfo' ;+ljwfgtM ^ dlxgf x'g]
/ ;+;bsf] cefjdf cg'df]bg ug{] k|lqmof lgl:qmo x'“bf To; cGtu{t ePsf sfd
sfjf{xLn] g}lts an k|fKt gug{] x'G5 . pQm cj:yfn] /fhg}lts Pj+ ;fdflhs
sfdx?df k4ltut 9+un] cl3 a9\g]eGbf kl/l:ylthGo cj:yfsf] emf/f 6fg{] sfd dfq x'g
hFG5 .. lg/Gt/tf dgf]dfgLo'Qm sfdsf/jfxLn] dfq kfpg] t/ k4ltsf] ljsf;df cj/f]w
cfpg] x'“bf d'n's k/LIf0fs} 38Laf6 u'h|g' kg{] l:yltsf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .
/fhg}lts bnx?sf] lgjf{rg vr{ ;fj{hlgs >f]t cyf{t\
/fHon] a]xf]l/lbg] Joj:yfsf] z'?jft ub{} ! dtsf] ?= @) sf b/n] /fHon] pknAw u/fpg] .
o:tf] /sd k|fKt ug{ bnsf] vr{sf] n]vf k/LIf0f ePsf] x'g'kg{] / Jofkf/Lx?af6 %)
nfv;Dd rGbf k|fKt ePdf s/d'Qm agfpg] 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 . g}ltstfsf] cfwf/
sdhf]/ ePsf] 7fp“df abdf;Lsf] csf{] lsNnfsf] 9f]sf v'n]sf] 5 . h'g
7fp“df k'?ifx? ;'Ts]/Lsf] cf}ifwL ;]jg u/]sf] vr{ ;fj{hlgs >f]taf6 lnP/
krfp“5g\ h;n] ;8s lgdf{0fsf] ah]6 oyfy{df cfwfl/t /sddf …cfºgf] nflu 5'§}Ú
bfjL ub{} l6Kk0fLdf yk /sdsf] Joj:yf ug{ sd{rf/LtGqnfO{ bjfj lbG5 / ltg}
JolQmx?sf] cs"t ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs x'“bf klg /fhg}lts zfv lub{}g To:tf]
7fp“df ah]6sf] of] Joj:yf e|i6 sd{rf/LnfO{ dfl;s tnasf] u0fgf geP h:t} xf] .
lgoGq0ffTds Joj:yf ;'b[9 agfpg clgoldttfnfO{ sfg"gL / g}lts b'j} lsQfaf6
xdnf ul/g' cfjZos x'G5 .
/fhZjsf] cg'dfgdf ^@=@# ca{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . ljsf;
vr{nfO{ wfGg] lx;fan] b]vfOPsf] pQm /fhZjsf] /sd cfly{s ultljlw ;'rf? ?kn] ;+rfng
x'G5g\ eGg] cjwf/0ff x'g ;Qm5 . lgjf{rgsf] dfxf]n xf];\ jf cl:y/tfn] 8f]¥ofPsf]
kl/l:ylt, 7"nf] ;+Vofdf o'jf hdft ljb]lzPsf] cj:yf xf];\ jf a]/f]huf/sf]
k+lQmdf pleP/ clglZrt eljio lwsfb{} u}/sfg"gL wGbfdf ;+nUg ePsf] cj:yf xf];\
/fhZj a[l4 ug{] cj;/ sd /xG5 . eG;f/ dx;'n 36fp“b} hfg'kg{] afWotf / gof“
If]qx? vf]Nb} /fhZj a[l4 u/fpg] pkfo /Rg ;s]sf] cj:yf g/x]sfn] /fhZjn] gy]Ug]
x'“bf cfGtl/s C0f jf afx\o ;xof]udf a[l4 Nofpg'kg{] x'G5 . pTkfbg a[l4
x'g g;Qmf o:tf /sdn] d"Noa[l4 u/fpg] k|j[lQ /fVb5g\ . d"Noa[l4sf]
cf“s8f OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s /fVg] xf] eg] &–* k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf cfpg
;St5 h'g cfly{s a[l4nfO{ gsf/fTds lbzfdf ws]Ng] sf/s aGg hfG5 .
/sd ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5, gLlt lgdf{0f / cfjZos
sfg"gL k|lqmofsf] yfngL / ;dfkgsf nflu 5f]6f] ;do lbOPsf] 5 . s[lifdf
;xsfl/tf ;DaGwL lgodsf] th{'df xf];\ jf ljQLo kf/blz{tfsf sfg"g rf/ dlxgfdf
agfOg] pb\3f]if0f xf];\ sd{rf/LtGqnfO{ Jo:t / sfdofjL agfpg] nIf0f 5g\ .
To:tf kl/of]hgfn] k|fyldstf kfpg]5g\ h'g kl/of]hgf lghL ?kn] klg ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf
pkof]uL x'g;s"g\ . g'jfsf]6 lhNnf /fhwfgL;“u hf]l8Psf] dfq xf]Og
k|efjzfnL g]tfx? vf; u/L sd{rf/LtGqdf cfºgf sfo{stf{nfO{ 3';fpg / lgjf{rg
nufotsf sfddf ;lqmo u/fO{ kmfObf lng l;4 k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf 5g\ . ah]6n] tLg
j6f If]qsf gof“ l;h{gf ul/Psf lgsfosf] Joj:yf g'jfsf]6df u/]sf] 5 .
ljz]if cfly{s If]q -/ftdf6]–lhlnª–b]j3f6_, Ond k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, zx/L tyf
jftfj/0f ;'wf/ s]Gb| :yfkgf kb{5g\ . /f]huf/L, bIf hgzlQmsf] ljsf; / lg/Gt/
cfly{s ultljlw ;+rfng u/L ;f] Onfsfdf cfly{s ultzLntf Nofpg] k|of; hlQs} g]kfnsf
b'u{d If]qx?df klg ah]6sf] Wofg k'Ug ;Snf t < of] k|ZglrGx v8f /lx/xg]5 .
ah]6n] /fhg}lts tgfj a9fpg] nIf0f b]lvPsf] 5 .
ljlgof]lht /sdsf] pkof]u ug{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] lgdf{0fsf] k|;+udf ;a} bnx?
ljeflht /x]sf] cj:yfdf /fd|/L sfd ;Dkfbg ug{ s7Lg 5 . oxL axfgfdf ;+s'lrt
3]/faf6 sfd ;DkGg ug{] ljutsf] kl/kf6L bf]xf]l/g ;Qm5 / kl/of]hgfx? ;DkGg gx'g ;Sg]
;Defjgf TolQs} k|an 5 .
ul/aL lgjf/0f ug{] d"n nIo bzf}+ of]hgfsf] klg
ePsf] / cfp“bf of]hgf cjlwsf af“sL jif{x?df klg lg/Gt/ /xg] b[li6n] u|fdL0f
If]qdf /f]huf/L lbnfpg] a[xb of]hgf geP;Dd ;Dej 5}g eGg] :jLsfg{' k5{ ..
km]l/ 7"nf kl/of]hgfx?df pBf]u If]qdf h:t} ;:tf] / k|ltsf/ /lxt ?kdf pkof]u
x'g] l5d]sL /fi6«sf cltly sfdbf/sf] afx'Notf /xg] k|j[lQ;“u ah]6n] Wofg lbPsf]
b]lvGg . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf ah]6åf/f ljlgof]lht kl/of]hgfaf6 /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/
lng]df k/rqmL x'g ;Sg] k|an ;Defjgf ljBdfg 5 .
nuQ} lgjf{rg 3f]if0ff ePdf afx]s jt{dfg ;/sf/sf]
klg lglZrttf b]lvPsf] 5}g . ljb|f]xLx?;“u jftf{sf] clglZrttf, /fhg}lts
bnx?;“u j}dg:otfdf sdL cfpg g;Sg' dfq xf]Og cfºg} bnleq klg /fd|f] jftfj/0f
l;h{gf x'g g;s]af6 ;/sf/n] lg/Gt/tf kfpg s7Lg kg{ ;Qm5 . ;f] cj:yfdf ah]6 /fHo
;+rfngsf] ;fwg geP/ kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ug{] dfWod x'g ;Qm5 . 3f]lift gLlt /
sfo{qmd dfGo gx'g ;Qm5 / sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf k|Zg lrGx v8f x'g;Qm5 .
lgisif{
cf}krfl/s lg/Gt/tfsf ?kdf NofOg] ah]6 o; k6s yk
cf}krfl/s cWofb]z dfkm{t\ cfPaf6 x'g uPsf] 5 . 7"nf] sNkgf lnO cfPsf]
ah]6sf] ;fy{stf b]zdf cfjZostf /x]sf] :yfoL zflGtsf] k|fb{'efjsf] /x]sf] 5 .
;f] k|flKt lgs} s7Lg dfu{ x'“b} u'h|g' kg{] cj:yf 5 . bfqL /fi6«x?sf]
Pp6f rfxgf / d'n'ssf] j:t'ut l:ylt lgtfGt km/s /x]sf sf/0f ;/sf/ j:t'lgi6 9+un]
k|:t't x'g g;s]df l:ylt Tolt ;xh g/x]sf] k|tLt x'G5 . ;a} ;fj{hlgs p2]Zo /fVg]
bnx?sf] nIo g]kfnL hgtf / /fi6«sf] lrGtg xf] elgG5 . t/, kfPsf] ;Ddfg /
xTofpg kfpg] >f]tsf] df]xn] g]kfnL hgtf / /fi6«sf] rfxgfnfO{ cf–cfºg}
9+un] JofVof ljZn]if0f ug{] kl/kf6L ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtf hf] gful/s
eP/ cfwf/e"t xs clwsf/sf nflu olt u}/sfg"gL af6f] cjnDag ug{ ljjz 5g\,
pgLx?sf] kIfdf jsfnt ug{]x? /fHosf] tf/f] aGb5g\ . /fhwfgL / zx/x?df lbgrof{
rn]s} 5, ;d:of t aflx/ 5 . g :jf:Yo, g lzIff, g cdg rog t/ klg /fHo rn]s}
axfgfdf jiff{}+ ljt]sf] 5 .
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