sf:sL÷u08sL
c~rnsf ljleGg lhNnfx?df gSsnL dfcf]jfblsf] ;d"x v8f u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] jbgfd
ug{ ufp“ufp“df n'6\g k7fpg] Pdfn] sf:sLsf ;lqmo sfo{stf{ kf08'/fh >]i7nfO{
@# lbg lx/f;tdf /fv]/ dfcf]jfbLn] c;f/ @% ut] l/xf ul/lbPsf 5g\ .
sf:sLsf] b'u{d ufp“ eujtL6f/df cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf lgh
ck/fwL >]i7n] cfkm"n] gSsnL dfcf]jfbLsf] ;d"x v8f u/L n'6\g
k7fPsf] s'/f :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . clxn];Dd cfk"mn] n'6]sf] ;DklQaf6 !*
nfv lx:;f cfkm"n] kfPsf] hfgsf/L pgn] lbPsf 5g\ . ;f] ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb}
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf:sLsf k|ltlglw OGb|hLtn]– k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGt cg'?k
ck/fwLnfO{ Ps k6s ;'w|g] df}sf lbPsf] / k'gM To; k|sf/sf ck/fw u/] l;w} ;kmfof
ul/lbg] r]tfjgL lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
ljleGg 7fp“af6 ck/fwL >]i7n] n'6]sf] k};faf6 kfPsf] !* nfv
lx:;fdWo] g]=s=kf=-Pdfn]_ sf:sL lhNnf sld6Lsf ;b:o /fhLj kxf/Lsf] /f]xj/df $
nfv hgcbfnt dfkm{t kLl8tnfO{ a'emfOPsf] / af“sL !$ nfv #) lbgleq kf08'/fhn]
glbP Pdfn] g]tf /fhLj kxf/Ln] lbg] zt{df ck/fwL >]i7nfO{ Pdfn] g]tfn] lhDdf
lnPsfn] 5fl8Psf] s'/f hgfOPsf] 5 .
aGbLsf] ;Lbfa[l4 ug{ ;/sf/ afWo
sf7df8f}+÷;don] bzsf}+ kf/ ul/;Sbf klg aGbLx?sf] ;Lbf /sd eg]
pxL k'/fgf] g} sfod /x“bf aGbLx?n] rf}3]/fleqsf kL8fsf] ;fy} cfly{s ;d:ofaf6
klg kLl8t aGg'kg{] ;d:ofsf] s]xL dfqfdf eP klg cGTo x'g] ePsf] 5 .
s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df /xg' ePsf dfcf]jfbL g]tf /jLGb| >]i7 oxL
c;f/ !^ ut]af6 cfd/0f cg;gdf a;]kZrft\ ut @* ut] sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ljefu,
cf:yfsf aGbL, cGo aGbL, dfcf]jfbL k|ltlglw, k|x/L k|ltlglw nufotsf] pkl:yltdf
ljleGg dfux? k"/f u/]kl5 s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df rn]sf] cgzg sfo{qmd nufot
b]zJofkL ?kdf h]nleq rn]sf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd lkmtf{ ePsf 5g\ .
cf:yfsf aGbLx?åf/f /flvPsf] dfux?dWo] b}lgs l;wf vr{ ?= !%
af6 a9fO{ lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg u/L ?= #) cfp“bf] ;fpgb]lv lbg], /fhaGbLnfO{ l/xfO
ug{] ;DaGwdf gh/aGbdf /x]sf gf/fo0f k|;fb 9'+ufgf, alg;/f k'g / ?kaxfb'/
>]i7nfO{ t'?Gt} l/xf ug{], a]kQf kfl/PsfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug{] / uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj ;DaGwdf ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLdf
sf/jfxLsf] nflu cg'/f]w ug{], ljutsf ;xdltx?nfO{ nfu" ub{} hfg] ;xdlt
ePsf] 5 . ljutdf klg sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ljefu / cf:yfsf aGbLx?aLr af/Daf/
;xdlt x'g] / sfof{Gjog gx'g] eP tfklg o;k6ssf] ;xdlt nfu" x'g] s'/fdf a9L
ljZj:t ePsf] s'/f !# lbg nfdf] cg;g a:g' ePsf dfcf]jfbL g]tf /jLGb| >]i7
atfpg' x'G5 .
cfºgf /fhgLlts dfux? dfq} geO{ ;Dk"0f{ aGbLx?sf kIfdf
/x]sf] ;Lbfa[l4sf] dfu k"/f x'g'n] cGo aGbLx?df klg hfoh s'/fsf] nflu
;+3if{ ug{'k5{ eGg] r]tgf km}lng ;kmn ePsf] egfO s]Gb|Lo dlxnf sf/fuf/df /xg'
ePsL cf:yfsf aGbL ;l/tf nfdfsf] /x]sf] 5 . o;k6ssf] ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?df
eg] cf:yfsf aGbLsf ;fy} cGo aGbLx? klg ;+nUg ePsf lyP . k'/fg} ;Lbf /sd
x'“bf cfly{s ;d:ofn] kLl8t aGg k'u]sf aGbLx?df o; lg0f{on] ;sf/fTds k|efj
kf/]sf] s'/f hgfb]z;“usf] e]63f6sf] qmddf cf:yfsf dlxnf aGbLx?n]
atfpg'eof] . !# lbg nfdf] cg;g kl5 :jf:Yo l:ylt lju|]kl5 jL/ c:ktfndf egf{
x'g' ePsf dfcf]jfbL g]tf /jLGb| >]i7n] cf:yfsf aGbLx? nfdf] ;do;Dd h]ndf /x]
klg jf g/x] klg cGo aGbLx?nfO{ bL3{sfnLg ?kdf s]xL kmfObf k'uf];\ eGg] nIosf
;fy klg af/Daf/ cf:yfsf aGbLx?n] h]nleq}af6 ;+3if{ u/]sf] / To;sf] kl/0ffd
/fd|} ePsf] atfpg' eof] .
s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df cfGbf]ng z'? ePkl5 eb|aGbL u[xaf6 emnskfl0f
ltjf/L klg cgzg a:g' ePsf] lyof] eg] gVv' sf/fuf/af6 jfdb]j If]qL, rf}tf/faf6
b'uf{axfb'/ tfdfª, s}nfnLaf6 ltns zdf{ tyf s~rgk'/, g]kfnu~h, lj/f6gu/ nufot
b]zsf cGo sf/fuf/af6 klg ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmdk|lt P]Soa4tf hgfp“b} t'?Gt} dfu
k"/f ug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP .
df]xgljqmd cu|udgsf cj/f]ws
sf7df8f}+÷b]zdf ljBdfg uDeL/ /fhg}lts ;d:ofx?n] ljleGg
/fhg}lts kf6L{ tyf JolQmx?leq /x]sf k|j[lQx?nfO{ hah{:t ?kdf ;txdf NofO/x]sf]
5 . cu|udg, oyfl:ylt jf k|ltudgdWo] PsnfO{ /f]Hg'kg]{ lg0ff{os cj:yf
l;h{gf ePsf avt g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_leq klg tLa| cGt/lj/f]wx? b]vfk/]sf
5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf Toxf“leq cu|ufdL / kZrufdL ljrf/aLr eLif0f 6s/fj pTkGg
ePsf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . s'g} a]nf cfkm\gf …dfG5]x?Údfkm{t\ cfkm"nfO{
…Pl;ofsf] n]lggÚ eg]/ k|rf/ u/fpg] …uf8f–uf]?Ú l;4fGtsf k|ltkfbs df]xgljqmd
l;+x oltv]/ of] jf Tof] gfddf k|ltudgsf] k|jQmf aGg k'Ug' ePsf] 5 . of]
atfO/xg' kb]{g ls df]xgljqmddf /x]sf] r/d JolQmjfbL cx+sf/jfb g]kfnL sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngsf] lj8Dagf g} ag]sf] 5 . hflgkmsf/x? eG5g\– g]kfnL sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngdf df]xgljqmdn] hlxn] klg lj36gs} ;]jf ub}{ sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngnfO{
6'qm\ofpg] / sdhf]/ kfg]{ ug'{eof] cem jt{dfgdf t pxf“df k|ltufdL ;f]r
al9/x]sf] 5 .
Psflt/ s'/f Psyf]s ug]{ / sfd csf]{ ug]{ df]xgljqmd cfkm\gf
unt lrGtg / cleJolQmsf sf/0f o;k6s cfkm\g} kf6L{sf ;xsdL{ / sfo{stf{x?dfem
nfhdbf]{ cj:yfdf k'Ug'ePsf] 5 . Pp6f sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] dxfdGqL h:tf]
;jf]{Rr lgsfodf /x]/ klg kf6L{–nfOgs} lj?4 jQmJojfhL ug'{kg]{ df]xgljqmdsf]
kl5Nnf] l:yltn] pxf“n] cfkm\gf] r]x/f cfkm} vf]Ng yfNg'ePsf] ;ª\s]t ub{5 .
ljrf/sf] x}g JolQmut ks8 /fVg rfxg] df]xgljqmdsf] of] jQmJon] kf6L{leq pxf“sf] ks8sf] x}l;otsf] l:ylt ;d]t
v'nf;f u/]sf] 5 .
vf; u/L b]zdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] hgo'4 ;'? u/]kl5 To;sf lj?4
n]Vg] / pleg] v]tL u/]/ cfkm\gf] …/fhgLlts hLjgÚ wfGg vf]Hg'ePsf df]xgljqmd
kf6L{leq} OdfGbf/ / cu|ufdL ljrf/ af]s]sf o'jf g]t[Tj tyf sfo{stf{x?sf aLr
cToGt} cfnf]lrt aGg k'Ug' ePsf] 5 . ut xKtfsf] Pp6f a'waf/] ;fKtflxsdfkm{t
…;+ljwfg ;ef jf gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] gf/fsf cfwf/df ;+o'Qm jfd cfGbf]ngsf] vf]hL ug'{
unt s'/f xf]Ú zLif{sdf k|sflzt jQmJodf df]xgljqmdn] cfkm\gf] j}rfl/s w/ftndf
cfPsf] lbjflnofkgnfO{ pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] 5 .
;DejtM df]xgljqmdsf k|ltufdL ;f]+rx?k|lt nlIft u/]/} g]skf
-Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_ s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf Pjd\ jl/i6 jfdkGyL g]tf
g/axfb'/ sdf{rfo{n] xfn} Ps jQmJodfkm{t\– g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 cj:yfdf Ifl0fs ?kdf
k|ltudg xfjL ePsf] b]lvP klg cu|ufdL ;Defjgf g} d'Vo ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
clxn] b]zsf] d'Vo cfjZostf b]znfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf]
ljGb'df k'¥ofpg' xf] eGb} pxf“n] hf] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] kIfdf 5}g Tof] o'4,
k|ltudg / ljb]zL x:tIf]ksf] kIfdf x'g] :ki6 ug'{ePsf] 5 .
k|ltudglj/f]wL Go"gtd\ ;xdltsf] gf/fdf ;Dej eP;Dd Pstf
u/]/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ Jofks agfpg] k|oTg ubf{ qmflGtsf/Lx?n] To;}df dfq
cfkm"nfO{ ;Lldt ug]{ k'R5/jfbL uNtL ug{ x'“b}g eGb} sdf{rfo{n]
…cfGbf]ngnfO{ ljsf; ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ gkqmg] cem To;df cj/f]w pTkGg
ug]{x?nfO{ Oltxf;n] dfkmL lbg]5}gÚ eGg'ePsf] 5 .
o;}aLr g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_ sf ;x–dxfdGqL s= k|sfzn] …c;f/
@$ sf] ldltdf df]xgljqmd l;+xåf/f hf/L ul/Psf] jQmJo kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s ljrf/ /
jQmJo gePsf]Ú atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
l;+xn] hf/L ug'{ePsf] jQmJodf pNn]v ePsf ljrf/ pxf“sf] lgtfGt
lghL ljifo ePsf] k|ltlqmof JoQm ub}{ s= k|sfzn] …b]zsf] jt{dfg ;+j]bgzLn /
;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;df cj/f]w pTkGg ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{
cufl8 ;f/]/ To;k|sf/sf] cu|ufdL cfGbf]ngnfO{ t'xfpg] s'g} klg sfo{ ;xL / ;x\o
gx'g]Ú :ki6 ug'{ePsf] 5 .
ptf kf6L{leq tyf aflx/sf ljleGg kIfx?af6 cfkm"lj?4 tLa|
/ Jofks lj/f]w ;'? ePkl5 cflQg'ePsf df]xgljqmdn] Ps ;fKtflxsdf pNn]v ePh:tf]
ljrf/ cfkm\gf] jQmJodf gePsf] / To;n] …untkmxdLÚ l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg] eGb} cfkm\gf]
l:ylt 9fs5f]k ug{ csf]{ jQmJodfkm{t\
k|of; ug'{ePsf] 5 .
l/dsf] If]qLo ;Dd]ng ;DkGg
blIf0f Pl;ofnfO{ cfwf/ If]qdf
ablng]
sf7dfG8f}+÷ qmflGtsf/L
cGt/fli6«ojfbL cfGbf]ngsf blIf0f Pl;ofsf kf6L{ / ;+u7gx?sf] kf“rf} If]qLo
;Dd]ng ;g\ @))# sf] h'nfO{df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngsf lg0f{ox? ;fj{hlgs
ug{ h'nfO !% -c;f/ #)_ ut] k|sflzt k|]; lj1lKtdf ef/tsf] dfcf]jfbL cfwf/ If]qdf
;DkGg ;Dd]ngn] laleGg Ph]08fx?df Jofks / lj:t[t 5nkmn u/L ljleGg lg0f{ox?
ul/Psf] hgfPsf] 5 .
;Dd]ngn] blIf0f Plzofsf ljleGg b]zdf ;~rflnt dfcf]jfbL hgo'4
/ cGo qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngx?sf kIfx?, ;Defjgf / ;d:ofx?sf af/]df 5nkmn u/]sf]
5 . ;fy} ;Dd]ngn] blIf0f Plzofdf oxf“sf ;Qfwf/L / cd]l/sfaLrsf] ;}Go ;DaGw
/ l;¨f] blIf0f klZrd Plzofdf cd]l/sL cltqmd0f a9fpg] k|of;sf] lgGbf u/]sf]
5 .
ef/tsf] laxf/– 5tL;u9–pl8;f–emf/v08sf] ljz]if If]qdf dfcf]Oi6
sDo'lgi6 ;]G6/sf] gjul7t hgd'lQm 5fkfdf/ ;]gfsf] sDkgLsf] ;'/Iff 3]/fleq ;Dd]ng
;DkGg ePsf] k|]z lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 . lj1lKtdf ;Dd]ngn] sDkf];fsf] 7Ls ;dodf
ePsf] u7g, e"6fg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn]df_ sf] u7g, ef/tdf dfcf]jfbL
sDo'lgi6x?aLr al9/x]sf] Pstf k|lqmofsf] :jfut u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
;Dd]ngdf ef/tLo sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn]_ -gS;fnjf8L_, g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_, dfcf]Oi6 sDo'lgi6 ;]G6/ -ef/t_, k|f]ln6]l/og kf6L{
ckm k"jL{ j+ufn, ;]G6«n sld6L, k|f]ln6]l/og kf6L{ ckm k"jL{ j+unf,
dfcf]jfbL k'gu{7g s]Gb|, /]Eo" n];g/L sDo'lgi6 ;]G6/ -ef/t_ -dfn]df_,
j+unfb]z/ ;fDojfbL bn -dfn]_, e"6fg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn]df_ sf] ;xeflutf
/x]sf] jQmJosf] cGTodf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .
l/d cGtu{tsf blIf0f PlzofnL If]qsf kf6L{ / ;+u7gx?sf] kf“rf}+
If]qLo ;Dd]ng ;kmntfk"j{s ;g\ @))# h'nfOdf ;DkGg eof] . If]qLo ;Dd]ng
ljleGg sf/0fx?n] P]ltxfl;s ag]sf] 5 . k|ydtM of] Oltxf;df lj/n}b]lvg]
ljZjsf] czflGt / sf]nfxnk"0f{ kl/j]zdf ePsf] lyof] . csf{]tkm{
cd]l/sfsf] g]t[Tjdf ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] ljZjsf hgtf lj?4 ;}Go, /fhgLlts /
cltqmd0fsf/L cfqmd0f ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ p;n] cfºgf lj?4 ;fd|fHojfbs}
sfvdf / ;+;f/}el/ hgk|lt/f]wsf] ;fdgf ul//xg' k/]sf] 5 . ;+;f/el/sf ;z:q /
lgz:q cfGbf]ng ljz]iftM lkmlnlkG; / 6sL{ ljZj ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf pln{/x]sf
pNn]vgLo gof“ t/+ux? x'g\ . o; lsl;dsf] ;+3if{sf] af6f] 3gLe"t blIf0f
PlzofnL b]zx? h:t} a+unfb]z, kfls:tfg, >Ln+sf / e"6fgdf ;d]t 3f]if0ff
ul/Psf] 5 . bf];|f], of] If]qLo ;Dd]ng klxnf]rf]6L nfn IF]qdf eof] .
laxf/–5QL;u9– pl8;f– emf/v08sf] ljz]if If]qdf dfcf]Oi6 sDo'lgi6 ;]G6/ ef/t
cGtu{tsf] ev{/} u7g ul/Psf] hgd'lQm g]kfndf hgo'4n] ljZj ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf]
lsNnfsf] ?kdf gof“ p“rfOdf ljsf; ul//x]sf] a]nfdf ePsf] 5 . rf}yf]
dfcf]Oi6 sDo'lgi6 ;]G6/, ef/tsf] l/ddf ePsf] ;+nUgtf / IF]qLo ;Dd]ngdf k|yd
k6ssf] ;xeflutfn] blIf0f Plzofsf] xfd|f] cfGbf]ngnfO{ w]/} dha"t agfPsf]
5 .
pQm ;Dd]ngdf qmflGtsf/L cGt/f{i6«jfbL cfGbf]ng / blIf0f Plzof
IF]qsf ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ / ;+u7gx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf
k|:t't Ph]08fsf ;Dk"0f{ a'“bfx?df hf]8bf/ / hf]lznf] 5nkmn ePsf]
lyof] .
;g\ @))! ;]K6]Da/ !! kl5 PsLs[t ?kdf cg'ej ul/Psf] lg0ff{os
cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] ljsl;t dxTjsfaf/]df
;Dk"0f{ sd/]8x? Ps x'g' ePsf] lyof] . h;/L xfd|f] cfGbf]ngn] hf]8 lbPsf] 5, of] ;do dxfg\ vt/f / dxfg\
cj;/x? b'j}sf] xf] . o;sf] lglZrt ljz]iftf oL ;Defjgfx?nfO{ s;/L jf:tljs
cu|ufdL 5nfªdf kl/jt{g ug{] xf] / To;sf nflu xfd|f cfGbf]ngn] cem a9L s7Lg
;+3if{ ug{'kg{] x'G5 xf] eGg] b]lvG5 . ;fy} ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] gof“
pef/nfO{ s;/L l56f]eGbf l56f], s;/L tfutk"0f{ tl/sfn] / dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb
/ dfcf]jfbsf] g]t[Tjdf ljsf; ug{] eGg] xf] .
blIf0f Plzofdf xfd|f w]/} lhDd]jf/Lx? 5g\ . clxn] of]
;donfO{ a;df lnP/ xfd|f] k|oTgnfO{ bf]Aa/ ug{'kg{] x'G5 . qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{x?df
Ps kfOnf] cl3 a9\g' eg]sf] ljZj ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] rlDsnf] nfn cfwf/ If]qsf]
?kdf blIf0f PlzofnfO{ ljsf; ug{ ;Sg' xf] . j:t'ut kl/l:yltn] xfdLnfO{ Pp6f d~r
pknAw u/fPsf] 5 hxf“ xfdLn] cfºgf] e"ldsf lgefpg' k5{ . xfdL lgl:qmo
s7k'tnLx? xf]Ogf}+ . dfcf]n] eg] h:t} dfG5]sf] ;r]t ultzLn e"ldsf
xfdLn] v]Ng'k5{ / v]Ng ;S5f}+ . qmflGtsf] o; dxfg\ gf6snfO{ k|:t't ug{ /
o;/L xtf/ ub{} / kv{b} cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltdf cem a9L cg's"n ljsf; ug{
xfdLn] ;Sg' k5{ / ;S5f}+ .
g]kfnsf sd/]8x?n] k[YjL g} xNnfpg] u/L cl3 a9]sf] g]kfnL
hgo'4sf] ;hLj lrq k|:t't ug{'eof] h;n] g]kfnL zf;s ju{nfO{ dfq xf]Og ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfb / cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ ;d]t r'gf}tL lbPsf] 5 . If]qLo ;Dd]ngdf
;xefuL kf6L{ / ;+u7gx?n] sd/]8 k|r08sf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{åf/f
g]t[Tj ul/Psf] g]kfnL hgo'4sf] lj?4 x'g] s'g} klg k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ;}Go
x:tIf]ksf lj?4 Pp6f zlQmzfnL hgcfGbf]ng >[li6 ug{] cGt/f{li6«o lhDd]jf/L
k"/f ug{] ;+sNk u/] . pQm If]qLo ;Dd]ngn] g]kfnaf6 xft lems eGg] gf/f
kfl/t u/]sf] 5 ;+;f/sf qmflGtsf/L hgtfnfO{ cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 . lxdfnolt/
x]/ Pp6f /fd|f] ljZj hlGdb}5 .
If]qLo ;Dd]ngdf ef/tdf dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL– dfcf]jfbL gLltdf,
l/ddf ;+ul7t ePsf] Pp6} dfq PsLs[t cu|0fL kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug{ lg/Gt/ eO/x]sf] ;xL
;+3if{sf] af/]df lj:t[t 5nkmn eof] . ef/tdf bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 ;+rfng
ul//x]sf ef/t sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn]_ -lkk'N; jf/_ / dfcf]Oi6 sDo'lgi6 ;]G6/aLr
cl3 al9/x]sf] PsLs/0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;Dd]ngsf] :jfut u¥of] . ;Dd]ngn] PsLs[t
kf6L{n] clxn] 5'§f5'§} /x]/ sfd ul//x]sf sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] cg'ej,
;dembf/L / zlQmnfO{ Pslqt u/L csf{] p“rfOdf p7fpg ;S5 eGg] ljZjf; JoQm
u¥of] . pQm lsl;dsf] PsLs[t kf6L{n] ef/tdf hgo'4nfO{ gof“ p“rfOdf p7fpg]5
/ To;n] ;+;f/el/ qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{nfO{ c? a9L k|]/0ff lbg]5 . If]qLo
;Dd]ngn] o; If]qdf cd]l/sL / k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf aLrsf] a9\bf] ;}Go ;DaGw
ljz]iftM oxf“sf k|ltlqmofjfbL ;]gfnfO{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] cltqmd0fdf k|of]u
ug{] / klZrd Plzof / c? ;a}lt/ x:tIf]k ug{] b"/fzok"0f{ of]hgf /
k|of;sf] eT;{gf u/]sf] 5 .
;Dd]ngn] blIf0f Plzofsf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ / ;+u7gx?sf] ;dGjo
;ldlt -sDkf];f_ sf] 7Ls ;dodf ePsf] u7g / To;sf] 7"nf] dxTjsf] :jfut
u/]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn] e"6fg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn]df_ sf] u7gnfO{ ;d]t
:jfut u/]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngdf a+unfb]zdf dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf ;d:ofx?af/]
5nkmn ul/of] / ;xL dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL–dfcf]jfbLsf] gLltdf cfwfl/t Pp6f PsLs[t
kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] k|of;nfO{ cem a9fpg cfx\jfg u¥of] . ;fy} ;Dd]ngn] jN8{
lkk'N; /]l;:6]G6 d'ed]G6 ljZj hgk|lt/f]w cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;zQm agfpg] k|of;sf] ;d]t
;dy{g u¥of] .
If]qLo ;Dd]ng /ftf] em08f]Qngaf6 z'? eof] . Pp6f zxLb
:tDesf] dfNof{k0f / b'O{ ldg]6 df}gwf/0f u/L ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf blIf0f Plzof /
ljZjel/sf zxLbx?sf] efjk"0f{ :d/0f ul/of] . ;Dd]ng ljleGg gf/fx?,
dfS;{, P+u]N;, n]lgg, :6flng, dfcf] / l/dsf] k|tLs lrGxsf kmf]6f]x?åf/f
;hfOPsf] o]gfg xndf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . gf/fx?– ;j{xf/f;“u u'dfpg' s]xL
5}g . t/ ltgLx?;“u lhTgsf nflu ;f/f ;+;f/ 5 . ;+;f/el/sf dhb"/x?
Ps xf]cf}+ -sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ffkq_, cfºg} b]zdf qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{ / qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;sf nflu k"0f{ ;dk{0fsf ;fy sfd ug{' / -k|rf/,
;xfg'e"lt / ef}lts ;xof]u_ ;lxt ljgf ckjfb of] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u ug{' g}
;xL cy{df cGt/f{li6«ojfb xf] . -n]lgg_, ;j{xf/f cGt/f{li6«ojfbn] k|ydtM
ljZjJofkL ;+3if{x?sf] dftxtdf b]zsf] ;j{xf/f ;+3if{nfO{ /fVg] / bf];|f] h'g
/fi6«sf] ;+3if{n] p;sf] b]zsf a'h{'jfx?dfly ljho xfl;n ub{5, ltgLx?n] cGt/f{li6«o
k"“hLnfO{ 9nfpgsf nflu clwstd /fli6«o Tofu ug{'kg{] s'/fsf] dfu
ub{5 . -n]lgg_ / ;z:q anaf6 ;Qf sAhf ug{', o'4af6 To;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{'
qmflGtsf] pRrtd / k|d'v sfo{ xf] . qmflGtsf] of] dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL
l;4fGt rLg nufot ;Dk"0f{ b]zx?df nfu" x'G5 . -dfcf]_
;Dd]ngdf qmflGtsf/L ;f“:s[lts 6f]nLn] ljleGg efiffx?df
pT;fxd"ns sfo{qmdx? k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngsf ;xefuLx?n]
6f]nL;“u} cfºgf] efiffdf ;xeflutf hgfPsf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf ;Dd]ngsf
;xefuL k|ltlglwx?nfO{ hgd'lQm 5fkfdf/ ;]gf / qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfon] xflb{s ljbfO
u/]sf lyP . ;Dd]ngn] lgDg gf/f klg to u/]sf] 5–
– cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] ljZjsf
hgtflj?4sf] eLif0f cfqmd0f d"bf{jfb .
– ljZj ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] gof“
pl7/x]sf] 5fnsf] :jfut u/f}+
– ;+zf]wgjfb
d"bf{jfb .
– blIf0f PlzofnfO{ ljZj ;j{xf/f
qmflGtsf] rlDsnf] nfn cfwf/ If]qdf ljsf; u/f}+ .
– g]kfn, ef/t, k]?, lkmlnlkG; /
6sL{sf hgo'4 lhGbfjfb .
– dfS;{jfb– n]lggjfb– dfcf]jfb–
lhGbfjfb .
– ;j{xf/f cGt/f{li6«otfjfb–
lhGbfjfb .
– qmflGtsf/L cGt/f{li6«ojfbL
cfGbf]ng -l/d_ lhGbfjfb .
k|:t'ltM bLks ;fksf]6f
dfcf]jfbLåf/f cfx\jfg
/fd]5fk÷lhNnfsf] vlgofkfgL ufh;sf] j8f g+= & lgjf;L #)
jifL{o s'df/ >]i7n] ;f]xL ufh;sL !^ jifL{of ;/:jtL v8\sfnfO{ ut h]7 @# ut]
ds}af/Ldf anfTsf/ u/L km/f/ /x]sf]df s;}n] b]v]–e]6]df :yfgLo ufh;df a'emfOlbg
cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 .
lgh >]i7nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] 36gf nuQ} sAhf u/L ;f] ufh;sf
k|d'v bLkssf] pkl:yltdf hg;d'bfon] sfnf] df];f] nufP/ hgtfsf cufl8 sfjf{xL
ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} lghnfO{ ufh;sf] dftxtdf >d sf/fjf;df /flvPsf]df
h]7 #) ut]b]lv km/f/ /x]sf] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ /fd]5fkn] hgfPsf] 5 . lgh
s'df/ >]i7 g]=s=kf=-Pdfn]_ ;+u ;DalGwt /x]sf] ;d]t dfcf]jfbLn] hgfPsf]
5 .
a]kQf kfl/PsL 5f]/L k'gM
cfdfsf] sfvdf
sf7df8f}+÷sl/a sl/a Ps jif{ cl3 zfxL ;]gfåf/f sAhfdf lnO{
uf]Ko 9+un] g]kfn afn ;+u7gdf /flvPsL # jifL{of aflnsf k|]/0ffn] km]l/ cfdfsf]
Gofgf] sfv kfPsL l5g\ .
aflnsf k|]/0ffnfO{ cfdf zf/bf sf]O/fnfsf] 7"nf] kxn
kZrft\ oxL c;f/ @^ ut] jftf{ 6f]nL sfof{nosf k|ltlglw e/t 9'+ufgf, cGo afn
;+u7g / kqsf/x?sf] dfemdf g]kfn afn ;+u7gsL cWoIf /Ltf l;+x a}+Bn] pxf{nfO{
x:tfGt/0f ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
@)%( c;f/ #) ut] cfkm" dfOt hfg nfUbf gfDhfnL 8f“8fdf
zfxL ;]gfn] 3]/f xfn]kl5 afWo eO{ :yfgLo wgdfof u'?ªnfO{ aRrf 5f]8L cfkm" 3]/f tf]8\g ;kmn eP klg
afa'–cfdfdflysf] /fhg}lts k|ltzf]w aRrfdfly kf]v]/ aRrfnfO{ a]kQf kf/]sf] 36gf
;Demb} ! jif{kl5 cfºgf] ;Gtfg kfp“bf xlif{t x'“b} zf/bf sf]O/fnf eGg'x'G5– æolt
nfdf] ;dokl5 klg cfºgL 5f]/L ;s'zn kfp“bf dnfO{ w]/} v'zL nfu]sf] 5 .Æ
cfufdL lbgdf s;}n] klg o:tf] kL8f ef]Ug gk/f];\ eGb} k'/fgf] ;Qf kIfåf/f lgotjz
g} caf]w afnaflnsfdfly k|ltzf]w ;fWg] sfd eO/x]sf] h;sf] cGTo t'?Gt} x'g'kg{]
atfpg'eof] .
:d/0f/xf];\, @ jifL{of k|]/0ffnfO{ cfºgf] sAhfdf lnPkl5 zfxL
;]gfn] e|fds tl/sfn] k|rf/ ub{} dfcf]jfbLx?n] aRrfnfO{ o;/L a]jfl/;] kf/fn]
5f]8]/ lx8\5g\ eGb} k|rf/ u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] k|rf/sf] v08g ub{} cfdf /
aRrfnfO{ 5'6fpg afWo agfpg] clg e|fds k|rf/ ug{] pQm z}nLk|lt sf]O/fnf /f]if
k|s6 ug{'x'G5 .
cfºgL 5f]/Lsf] vf]hLdf sf]O/fnf ljleGg 7fp“df k'Ug' ePsf]
lyof] t/ st} kQf] gnfu]kl5 oxL c;f/ !# ut] Ps kqsf/ ;Dd]ng dfkm{t\ aRrf sAhfdf
lnPsf] l:yltsf af/]df atfp“b} ;a} tx / tKsfaf6 kxn ul/lbg cfu|x u/]kZrft\ g}
sf7df8f}+sf] g]kfn afn ;+u7g, gS;fndf /x]sf] v'nf;f ePsf] lyof] . k|]/0ff
@)%^ ;fndf zxLb x'g' ePsf s= k|]d 9sfnsL 5f]/L x'g\ .
jfd a'l4hLjLx?sf] t];|f]
/fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg
hgfb]z ;+jfbbftf
sf7df8f}+÷d'n'se/sf dfS;{jfbL a'l4hLjLx?sf] k|ltlglw ;+u7g
clvn g]kfn /fli6«o a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] t];|f] clwj]zg xfn} sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg
eof] . d'n'se/sf em08} b'O{ ;o a'l4hLjLx? pkl:yt pQm ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g
ub{} k|d'v cltly g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o s[i0faxfb'/
dx/fn] qmflGtdf a'l4hLjLx?sf] klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] atfpg'
eo]f .
pQm ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs
lrqaxfb'/ >]i7, jl/i7 kqsf/ zlQm nD;fn, jfdkGyL g]tf eQmaxfb'/ >]i7, clvn
g]kfn hg;f“:s[lts ;+3sf ;lrj O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnL, zflGtsf nflu a'l4hLjLx?sf]
cleofgsf 8f= /fddfg >]i7 / k|F=dx]Zj/dfg >]i7, jfda'l4hLjL tyf
dfgjclwsf/jfbL lji0f'k'sf/ >]i7, g]kfn /fli6«o a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf k"j{
cWoIf /d]z zdf{n] ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
k|tfk/fh jGtsf] ;efkltTjdf z'? ePsf] pQm ;Dd]ngdf e"ld
b]jsf]6fn] pkl:yt a'l4hLjLx? tyf cltlyx?nfO{ :jfut ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] dxf;lrj
dgf]h yfkfn] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
aGb;qdf sfo{jfxs cWoIf k|tfk/fh jGtn] !! k[i7 nfdf] ;f/ule{t
;f+u7lgs k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{' eof] eg] dxf;lrj dgf]h yfkfn] @@ a'“b] /fli6«o
cGt/f{li6«o k|:tfj k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lyof] . tL b'j} s'/fnfO{ ;Dd]ngn]
kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;Dd]ngn] b'O{ ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L k|tfk/fh jGtsf]
cWoIftfdf @% ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 .
lbnLk dxh{gsf] :ki6f]lQm
sf7df8f}+÷lgjt{dfg g]jfM vnsf ;+of]hs lbnLk dxh{gn] ut xKtf
5fkfx?df cfPsf] jQmJoaf6 ljleGg e|dx? plAhPsf] / s]xL ;+rf/ dfWodn] unt k|rf/
u/]sf]df cfºgf] :ki6f]lQm lbg'ePsf] 5 . jxf“n] Ps jQmJo k|sflzt u/L
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kysf] em08f lg/Gt/ p7fO/xg] k|lta4tf ;d]t
JoQm ug{'ePsf] 5 .
jQmJodf pxf“n]– æut xKtf 5fkfx?df d lgj{tdfg g]jfM vnsf
;+of]hs bLlnk dxh{gn] Ps lj1lKt dfkm{t lbPsf] g]jfM d'lQm df]rf{sf gLltut
cjwf/0ffk|lt cfºgf] c;xdltn] l;+uf] df]rf{, kf6L{, hgo'4k|lt cf3ft k'Ug uPsf]
dx;'; u/]sf] 5' . d]/f] cleJolQmsf sf/0f uf}/jzfnL dxfg\ kf6L{ /
df]rf{nfO{ k'Ug uPsf] wSsfn] d cfkm}df ;d]t k|Zg p7\g] ePsf] x'“bf Toxf“ d]/f]
uNtL sdhf]/L ePsf] :jLsf/ ub{} IFdfofrgfsf ;fy k'gM dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb
/ k|r08kysf] em08f lg/Gt/ p7fO/xg] k|lta4tf ;d]t hfx]/ ub{5' . d]/f]
qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{ / hgo'4df oyfjt\ ;xeflutf /xg] s'/f klg :ki6 kfb{5' .Æ
sf7df8f}+d} ckx/0fM cfrf/;+lxtf
pNn+3g hf/L
sf7df8f}+÷/fhwfgL aflx/ Jofks ?kdf w/ks8, lu/ºtf/L / n'6kf6
dRrfp“b} cfPsf k|x/L / ;]gfn] /fhwfgLdf klg Jofks ?kdf ckx/0f, w/ks8 dRrfp“b}
o'4lj/fd cfrf/;+lxtfsf] 7f8f] pNn+3g ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ cfºgf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf lxl8/x]sf] a]nf
sf7df8f}+sf] k'/fgf] a;kfs{af6 cfOtaf/ cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ sf
lgjt{dfg s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o 1fg]Gb| lqkf7LnfO{ ;fbfkf]zfssf zfxL ;]gfn]
lu/ºtf/ u/]sf 5g\ .
;f] s'/f g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf
kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o tyf dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -afbn_
n] cfºgf] ;dy{s z'elrGts / sfo{stf{dfly b]zJofkL ?kdf ul/Psf] w/ks8, ckx/0f /
vfgtnf;Lsf] lj/f]w ub{} ;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nLsf k|jQmf sdn yfkfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'
ePsf] lyof] .
pxf“n] k|jQmf yfkfl;t clxn] cfºgf ;dy{s / sfo{stf{nfO{ ;/sf/L
;'/Iff lgsfo afx]s c? s;}n] klg ckx/0f ug{ g;Sg] / cfjZos k/] xfdLn] g} sAhfdf
lng ;Sg] ePsf]n] of] ckx/0f ;]gfaf6} ePsf] ljrf/ JoQm ug{'eof] . ;/sf/L
jftf{ 6f]nLsf k|jQmf yfkfn] cfkm"n] oyfzL3| ckxl/t JolQmx?sf] vf]hL ug{]
cfZjf;g sd/]8 afbnnfO{ lbP klg ;f]daf/ ca]/;Dd ;/sf/n] k"j{ ljBfyL{ g]tf
lqkf7lsf] cj:yfaf/] s'g} klg hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g . kfl/jfl/s
;"qsf cg';f/ k"j{ ljBfyL{ g]tf lqkf7LnfO{ cfOtaf/ dWo]/flt 8]/fdf
k'¥ofOPsf] lyof] / kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;d]t s'6lk6 ub{} sfuhftx? hkmt / ;dfgx?
tf]8kmf]8 ul/Psf] lyof] . pxf“nfO{ rsf{] oftgf lbP/ xfn a]kQf kfl/Psf]
5 . :d/0f/xf];\ pxf“;“u} ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf k|sfzgx?sf nflu vr{ ug{ sl/a kf“r
nfv ?k}of ;d]t lyof] . pkTosfdf s]xL lbg otf n'6kf6sf 36gfx? eO/x]sf /
To;df ;/sf/L ;'/IffsdL{x?sf] klg ;+nUgtf x'g] u/]sfn] pQm /sd n'6kf6 ug{] /
ljBfyL{ g]tf lqkf7LnfO{ cGo s'g} cf/f]k nufpg] lgot klg ;/sf/L ;'/IffsdL{sf]
x'g;S5 .
o;}aLr cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ sf cWoIf n]vgfy
Gof}kfg]n] Ps lj1lKt lgsfnL pxf“x?sf] zL3| l/xfOsf] dfu ub{} g]kfnL hgtfsf]
zflGtk|ltsf] tLj| rfxgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ ;fy} cfrf/;+lxtfsf] k"0f{ kfngf ug{
cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . pQm lj1lKtdf– æTo;af6 pTkGg x'g] o'jf ljBfyL{ cfqmf]z /
89]nf]sf] ;fdgf ug{ jf To;}df ;dfKt x'g xfdL ;fd|fHojfbsf gf]s/ / 3/]n'
;fdGtjfb / To;sf] k|ltlglw kfq jt{dfg ;Qfsf gfOs]x?nfO{ r]tfjgL lbg rfxG5f}+Æ
elgPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L g]kfn /fli6«o a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf
k|tfk/fh jGtn] klg Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub{} lqkf7Lsf] ckx/0f, j]kQf / n'6kf6sf]
3f]/ lgGbf ug{' ePsf] 5 / o:tf sfd tTsfn aGb ug{ ;/sf/L kIfl;t dfu ug{' ePsf] 5
.
To;}u/L sf:sLaf6 k|fKt csf{] ;dfrf/ cg';f/ tfdfª d'lQm
df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o clGtdfof tfdfª -dg'_ nfO{ ndh'ªsf] afO;emfu/af6 zfxL
;]gfn] ckx/0f u/L rsf{] oftgf;lxt a];Lzx/sf] ;}lgs SofDkdf /fv]sf] ;dfrf/
5 .
To;}u/L kf]v/faf6 km\ofS; dfkm{t k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ?s'dsf
tLy{/fhnfO{ zfxL ;]gfn] oxL c;f/df ckx/0f u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] 5 . pxf“nfO{
xfn bdf}nLl:yt ;}lgs Aof/]sdf /flvPsf] s'/f Ps k|ToIfbzL{n] atfPsf 5g\ .
;]gfn] hg:jf:Yo rf}sL eTsfof]
bf]nvf lhNnfsf] z}n'ª]Zj/L ufh;df ;~rfngdf /x]sf] hg:jf:Yo
rf}sL zfxL ;]gfsf] u:tLn] c;f/ @* ut] cfqmd0f u/L Wj:t agfOlbPsf]
g]=s=kf=-dfc]fjfbL_ lhNnf ;ldlt, bf]nvfn] hgfPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] ;]gfn]
cfºgf] Jof/]ssf] $) ls=dL= 6f9f hgtfsf] IF]qdf k|j]z u/L xs{t u/L
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] 7f8f] pNn+3g u/]sf]df To;sf] lgGbf ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
36gf ljj/0f cg';f/ c;f/ @* ut] ;b/d'sfd rl/sf]6af6 uPsf]
k|x/L, ;z:q / ;]gfsf]] ;+o'Qm u:tLn] z}n'ª]Zj/L ufh; e}+;]8f“8fdf /x]sf]
hg:jf:Yo rf}sLsf] cf}ifwLx? n'6]sf], kmlg{r/ tf]8kmf]8 u/L hnfOlbPsf] / rf}sL
/x]sf] 3/ hnfOlbPsf] lyof] . c;f/ #) ut] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ^ g+= Pl/ofn]
Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg{], s'6lk6 ug{] / 3/uf]7 ;d]t
hnfOlbPsf]df To;sf] eT;{gf ul/Psf] 5 . lj1lKtdf ;]gfsf hglj/f]wL,
zflGtlj/f]wL / jftf{lj/f]wL tyf cfrf/;+lxtfsf] 7f8f] pNn+3g x'g] ultljlw /f]Sg
/ g/f]s]df hgtf, kf6L{ / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] k|lt/f]waf6 lg:sg] kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/
k'/fgf] ;Qf kIf x'g'kg{] atfOPsf] 5 .
;/sf/L cd"t{ k|:tfjsf
sf/0f jftf{ k|lqmof ult?4
hgfb]z ;+jfbbftf
sf7df8f}+÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / k'/fgf] ;QfaLr rln/x]sf]
jftf{sf] cf}krfl/s t];|f] r/0f k'/fgf ;Qfsf] c:ki6 / if8\oGqsf/L rl/qsf sf/0f
cem} lglZrt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
d'n'ssf] d"n /fhgLlts d'2fnfO{ kG5fp“b} slyt lgjf{rgsf
xNnfx? km}nfO/xg] jt{dfg yfkf ;/sf/sf s]xL dGqLx? cl3Nnf] rGb ;/sf/sf s]xL
dGqLx? h:t} jftf{ lj/f]wL cleJolQmx? lb+b} zflGt jftf{k|lt s'l6n rfnx?
rfNb}5g\ . :jo+ k|wfgdGqL yfkf ;d]t jt{dfg /fhg}lts ;d:ofsf] Ps dfq ;dfwfg
r'gfj xf] eGg yfn]sf 5g\ . t/ s:tf] r'gfj xf] < To;k|lt eg] pgn] :ki6
ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ / s;}sf] ;dy{g klg 5}g .
;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnx?;“u ;xdlt ln+b} zflGt jftf{ cufl8
a9fpg] s'/f jt{dfg yfkf ;/sf/n] u/] klg :jo+ cfºg} kf6L{ /fk|kfaf6 klg ;dy{g
k|fKt ul/;s]sf] 5}g . sfo{sf/L clwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf] atfpg] yfkf ;/sf/sf
k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf cfkm} /Iff dGqL ePkl5 b]zJofkL a]nufd eO/x]sf]
;}lgs cft+s / HofbtL /f]Sg c;Ifd b]lvG5g\ . ko{j]Ifsx? eGb5g\– æsfo{sf/L
clwsf/ ca sf];“u 5 < cfz+sf ug{'kg{] ePsf] 5 .Æ zflGtk"0f{ jftf{
k|lqmof dfkm{t\ d'n'ssf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{] atfp“b} d'n'ssf ljleGg :yfgdf
efif0f ub{} lx8\g] / o'4lj/fdsf] k|ToIf kxn ug{] /fhf :jo+ klg clxn] cfºgf]
dftxt /x]sf] elgPsf] ;]gfnfO{ Jof/]sdf af]nfpg / o'4lj/fdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg
c;Ifd g} b]lvG5g\ . d'n'ssf] eljioaf/] lrlGtt a'l4hLjLx? eG5g\– o'4lj/fd
pNn+3g ub{} ;/sf/L ;]gf ufp“ufp“ 8'ln/xG5 / /fHocft+s hf/L /fV5 eg] jftf{sf]
eljio c8\sn ug{ ;lsGg .Æ
;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nLsf k|jQmf sdn yfkfn] dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL
;+of]hs 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ cf}krfl/s kq k7fPsf] @$ 306f ljlt;Sbf klg ;/sf/sf
tkm{af6 d'n'ssf zx/L Onfsf / ;}lgs Jof/]s cf;kf;sf ufp“x?df zfxL ;]gfn] cft+s
dRrfpg aGb u/]sf] 5}g . dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] k|d'v :yfgx?df dfq ;of}+ k6s
a6'jfx? cgfjZos ;'/Iff hf“rdf kg{' kl//x]sf] u'gf;f] hgtfaf6 dfcf]jfbL kIfnfO{
Jofks ?kdf k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5 .
lbg bxf8} /fhwfgLd} ;/sf/L ;fbf kf]zfssf ;}lgsx?
dfcf]jfbLk|lt cf:yf /fVg] lgMz:q JolQmx?nfO{ ckx/0f ul//x]sf 5g\ / Jofks ?kdf
3/ vfgtnf;L klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] ljb|f]xLx?nfO{ k7fPsf] cf}krfl/s
kqdf cfkm"n] cfrf/;+lxtf OdfGbfl/tfsf ;fy kfngf ul//x]sf] atfP klg p;n]
If0f If0fdf cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3g u/]sf 36gfx? dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf] ;Dks{
sfof{nodf k|fKt x'g] u/]sf ;f] sfof{nosf ;"qn] atfPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts
ljZn]ifsx?sf] egfO 5– æk'/fgf] ;Qfsf jt{dfg ;+rfnsx?n] zflGt jftf{af/]
cd"t{ s'/fx? dfq ul//xg] / 7f]; ?kdf o'4lj/fd nfu" ug{ ;]gfnfO{
lgoGq0fdf glng] xf] eg] s'g} klg a]nf hgtfsf] w}o{tf 6'6\g] / hgtfaf6 x'g]
k|lt/f]wnfO{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] g]t[Tj ug{'kg{] afWofTds l:ylt gcfpnf eGg
klg ;lsb}g .Æ
kl5Nnf] cgf}krfl/s jftf{sf qmddf dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf
;b:ox? /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -afbn_ / s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] ;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nLsf
;b:ox?nfO{ æklxn] jftf{af/] ;/sf/sf] :ki6 wf/0ff ;fj{hlgs ug{Æ cfu|x ug{'ePsf]
lyof] . h;df k'/fgf] rGb ;/sf/n] bf];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{;Dd u/]sf ;xdlt /
lg0f{ox? kfngf ug{] jf gug{] < kfngf gug{] xf] eg] rGb ;/sf/n] s] unt u/]sf]
lyof] < Tof] dfGg jt{dfg ;/sf/ lsg /fhL x'“b}g < eGg] s'/f cfd hgtfnfO{
;';"lrt ug{ klg cfu|x ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
cfOtaf/ hgfb]z;“u af]Nb} dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:o /fdaxfb'/
yfkf afbnn] eGg'eof]– æw]/} k6ssf] cgf}krfl/s jftf{n] hgtfdf cfz+sf km}ln/x]sf]
5 . To;}n] :ki6 wf/0ff;lxt ;/sf/ cufl8 cfcf];\ xfdL klg ljsl;t kl/l:ylt
cg';f/ cufl8 a9\5f}+ .Æ
;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nLn] o'4lj/fd cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf u/fpg b'j}
kIfsf ;]gfx?nfO{ d'7e]8 ug{ glbg] t/ e}xfn]df cfjZos ;+oGq lgdf{0f u/L l:ylt
;xh agfpg] h:tf cd"t{ s'/fx? ul//x]sf] 5 . æof] p;sf] ;]gf kl/rfng
ug{] j}wtf k|fKt ug{] rfn dfq xf]Æ afbnn] eGg'eof] . ha;Dd ;]gf Jof/]sleq kms{b}g
ta;Dd jf:tljs cy{df ;/sf/n] o'4lj/fd kfngf u/]sf] g7xg{] klg afbnn]
bf]xf]¥ofpg' eof] .
dfcf]jfbL kIfn] t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{df a:g vf;u/L rf/j6f
;'emfjx? ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] 5 . tL rf/j6f ;'emfjx?dWo] jftf{af/] ;/sf/sf]
:ki6 / cflwsfl/s wf/0ff s] xf] < To;sf] dGqLd08n:t/Lo lg0f{o u/]/ hgtfnfO{
;fj{hlgs ug{'kg{], jftf{sf nflu dGqLd08n:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6 dfcf]jfbL kIfnfO{
cf}krfl/s kq n]Vg'kg{], bf];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{sf ;xdltx? ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f
agfpg kfng ug{'kg{] / ca cgf}krfl/s xf]Og ls cf}krfl/s jftf{sf nflu /fhgLlts
Ph]08fdf k|j]zsf] nflu u[xsfo{ ug{ eg]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL kIf eg] jftf{sf]
6]a'ndf a:bfb]lv g} k"0f{ u[xsfo{;lxt k|:t't eO;s]sf] 5 eg] jt{dfg ;+s6sf]
lgsf;sf ?kdf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08f ;fj{hlgs
ul/;s]sf] 5 .
l9n} eP klg dfcf]jfbL kIfnfO{ yfkf ;/sf/sf] jftf{ 6f]nLn]
k7fPsf] cf}krfl/s kqnfO{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] ;sf/fTds ?kdf lnPsf] 5 t/ pQm kqdf
cem} klg uf]nd6f]n zAbfjnL / cd"t{ s'/fx? JoQm ul/Psf 5g\ . To;df
s'g} :ki6 k|:tfj / d"t{ s'/fx? 5}gg\ . cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf ug{] k|lta4tf t
hgfOPsf] 5 t/ pNn+3gsf 36gf tLj| kfl/b}5 . dfcf]jfbL pRr ;"qsf
cg';f/– æ;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nLsf] Tof] cf}krfl/s kq / p;sf] b}lgs Jojxf/ x]b{}
hgtfnfO{ km};nf ug{ of] ;/sf/ / zflGt jftf{af/] xfd|f cf}krfl/s wf/0ff l56}
;fj{hlgs ug{]5f}+ .Æ
3fun 36gfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f
36gf:ynaf6 k|zfGt zdf{
lbkfon÷ cfhsfn zfxL ;]gfn] ;'b"/klZrddf cfw'lgs xltof/ m -16 sf]
wfs b]vfp“b} cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pn+3g ul//x]sf] 5 / zfxL ;]gfsf] k|fof]lht ;dfrf/n]
g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ e|d 5g{ nflu/x]sf] 5 . o:t} 5 ;'b"/klZrdsf] 8f]6L
lhNnfsf] 3fun 36gfsf] jf:tljstf .
ut ciff9 !( ut] laxfg} ufp“ 3]/f xfnL …dfcf]jfbL ;fn]x? sxf“
5g < /ut glkO ePg . df;'sf] rf]S6f vfOG5====Ú eGb} zfxL ;]gfx?n] :yfgLo
hgtfnfO{ cft+lst agfP . pQm cft+s b]v]sf hgd'lQm ;]gfx?n] o'4 lj/fdsf]
cfrf/ ;+lxtf kfngf ug{ cg'/f]w ubf{ zfxL ;]gfx?åf/f 6]l/Pg . a? hgd'lQm
;]gfsf hjfgx?nfO{ sAhfdf lnP/ s'l6of] / emf]nfx? ;lxt Ps /fOkmn n'l6of] .
8f]6Lsf ufp“x?df pTkfbgdf h'6]sf dfcf]jfbLsf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] @ g+ sDkgLsf]
w}o{tf / ;+odtfnfO{ sdhf]/Lsf] cy{df a'em\g] zfxL ;]gfn] xjfO{ kmfo/ u/]/ 3fun
If]qnfO{ /0fe"ld agfP . olta]nf;Dd :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ dfcfjfbL sf] x'g\
/ s;sf] 3/df a;]sf 5g\ < lrgfOb]pm < eGb} y'k|} hgtf s''l6O;s]sf
lyP . Tof] a]nfsf] sxfnL nfUbf] aa{/ zfxL cft+s b]v]sf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf Ps
sDkgLn] k|lthjfkmdf xjfO{ kmfo/ ug{ afWo eof] .
:jrflnt xltof/åf/f ;';lHht zfxL ;]gfsf !@* hjfg pQm
k|ltsf/fTds kmfo/ ug]{ lalQs} efufefu ug{ yfn] . k|f0fsf] eLs dfu]/
cfTd;dk0f{ u/] . n'6]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfg a'emfP/ hgtfsf] cl3 dfkmL
dfu]sf lyP . ;f]xL cj;/df hgd'lQm ;]gfn] jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf
k|eflat gu/fpg] u/L k]zfut dof{bfnfO{ Vofn /fVg cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP .
:d/0f /xf];\ hgd'lQm ;]gf;“u nlHht x'g' k/]sf zfxL ;]gfsf
hjfgx? efufefu ubf{ le/fnf] 7fp“af6 n8]/ bh{gf} 3fOt] ePsf lyP . pQm
36gfnfO{ zfxL ;]gfåf/f k|fof]lht ?kdf % 3G6fsf] eL8Gtdf % hgf 3fOt] eg]/ k|rf/
ul/Psf] lyof] . hgd'lQm ;]gfåf/f pQm cj;/df u/fOPsf] ;xdltcg';f/
x]lnsf]K6/af6 3fOt] / af“sL ;a} zfxL ;]gf lkmtf{ ePsf lyP .
3fun 36gfsf] k|fof]lht k|rf/sf] oyfy{ a'‰g 36gf:yntkm{ hfg'
ePsf dfcf]jfbLsf s]GbLo ;b:o pQd, sfo{stf{ s]bf/ rf}w/L / ;'/]Gb| rf}w/LnfO{
zfxL ;]gfåf/f lu/km\tf/ u/L xfn;Dd a]kQf kfl/Psf] 5 . s}nfnL lhNnfsf]
/fdlzv/emfnf kmf/d ufp“df slyt k'ln; ckx/0fsf] gf6s /r]/ pQm lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf]
5 . lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5 lbOPsf] r/d oftgfsf sf/0f dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
pQdsf] :jf:Yo l:ylt lrGtfhgs agfO{ l/xf ul/Psf] 5 eg] sfo{stf{ s]bf/ / ;'/]Gb|
rf}w/LnfO{ a]kQf kfl/Psf] 5 .
du/f“t d'lQm df]rf{sf]
cfof]hgfdf ljzfn hg;ef x'g]
sf7df8f}+÷hftLo :jz;g / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu
;+3if{/t du/x?sf] df]rf{ du/f“t /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf
cfufdL ;fpg % ut] :ofªhfsf] jflnª ahf/df æjfdkGyL, k|ultzLn, b]zeQm /
k|hftflGqs zlQm Ps xf]cf}+ . cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] nflu ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf
cl3 a9f}+Æ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy ljzfn hg;ef x'g] ePsf] 5 . k|fKt ;dfrf/
cg';f/ cGtl/d ;/sf/, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng / ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj u/fpg, cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
k"0f{kfngf u/fpg / jftf{df ePsf] ;xdlt nfu" u/fpg hgbjfjsf] lglDt
ul/g] ;f] hg;efnfO{ dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:on] ;Daf]wg ug{'x'g]5 . df]rf{n]
;Dk"0f{ jfdkGyL du/ ;d'bfonfO{ cfºgf] clwsf/ vf];]/ lng df]rf{df cfj4 x'g
/ ;ef ;xefuLtf hgfpg cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .
yf?jfg ;zQmLs/0f cleofg ;DkGg
slknj:t'÷yf?jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ lhNnf ;ldlt slknj:t'n]
$) lbg] hfuf] p7f] zlQm s]Gb|Ls/0f cleofg ;DkGg u/]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 . Pnd
aGhf8]åf/f k|]l;t ;dfrf/ cg';f/ lhNnfsf] @$ uflj;sf nueu ! nfv hgtf;“u pQm
cleofgdf yf?jfg d'lQm df]rf{ k'u]sf] 5 . cleofgsf qmddf !%) eGbf a9L yf?jfg
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] ufp“ sld6L ;+u7g lgdf{0f ePsf] s'/f df]rf{sf Ps ;b:on]
atfPsf 5g\ . hfuf] p7f] ;zQmLs/0f cleofg ut kmfu'g @) ut]b]lv ;+rfng ePsf]
lyof] .
cWofb]z dfkm{t\ cfly{s jif{sf]
ah]6 ;fj{hlgs x'g]
sf7df8f}+÷b]zdf ;+ljwfg g/x]kl5 k'/fgf] ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{
)^)÷^! sf] ah]6 cfp“bf] laxLaf/ cWofb]z dfkm{t\ k|:t't ug{] ePsf] 5 . cWofb]z
dfkm{t\ ah]6 agfp“b} b]z rnfp“b} cfPsf] of] t];|f] k6s xf] .
Ps vj{ eGbf a9L x'g ;Sg] cfly{s jif{sf] ah]6 hg;/f]sf/sf]
ljifodf xf]Og, /fhb/af/ / ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ a9L ;'ljwf a[l4df s]lGb|t x'g] ePsf]
5 . al/i7 cy{ljb\ 8f= ljZjDa/ Kofs'/]nsf cg';f/ g]kfn /fhf / cWofb]zsf] d'n's
eP/ s+ufn x'“b}5 /, g]kfn ;'/Iffsf] gfddf kfls:tfg / ef/teGbf a9L vr{ ug{]
b]zsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . :d/0f/xf];\– /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] agfPsf] # jif{]
dWosfnLg vr{ ;+/rgf sfo{qmd ;d]t cWofb]zLo ah]6sf sf/0f cnkq kg{] ePsf] 5 / s0ff{nL
nufotsf If]qdf ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOPsf] elgPsf] nfnLkk ah]6n] nf]slk|otf sdfpg]
k|of; u/] klg ;fj{hlgs gx'“b} cfnf]rgf z'? ePsf] 5 . b/af/sf] eQf a9fpg],
;]gfsf] ah]6 a9fpg], lzIff :jf:Yo / ljsf;sf] ah]6 36fpg], ljsf;–lgdf{0f /
ul/aLaf/] j]jf:tf ul/g], C0f / eLvdf cl8g] ah]6n] g]kfnsf] s'g} lxt / ;d[l4
gug{] lj1n] atFPsf 5g\ .
xltof/ a]Rg]
/fi6«sf bft[;+:yfnfO{ ufp“ k|j]zdf /f]s
c5fd÷dfcf]jfbL k|efljt lhNnfx?df ;"rgf k|fKt ug{]
p2]Zon] / åGå k|efljt lhNnfsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f ug{] gfddf k'/fgf] ;Qfn] g]kfndf
xltof/ Jofkf/ ug{] /fi6«sf ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;'b"/ klZrd / dWoklZrdsf lhNnfx?df k7P
klg Toxf“ k|j]z ug{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] /f]s nufPsf] 5 . ljsf;sf] gfddf
8n/v]tL ug{ kNs]sf egL c5fd af/nfsf :yfgLo jfl;Gbfn] tL ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{
ufp“ k|j]zdf /f]s nufOlbPsf 5g\ . cfºgf] k|efjnfO{ tLj| kf/L Wj:t ePsf
g]6js{x?nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{] /0fgLltn] k'gM 8n/v]tL sdfpg]x?nfO{ xfdL ufp“af6}
wkfOlbg]5f}+ lrNtf8f uf=lj=;=sf Ps :yfgLo o'jfn] cfqmf]z kf]Vb} eg] .
zflGtjftf{nfO{ e8\sfOlbg] p2]Zon] ;+rflnt cd]l/sL nufgLdf ;~rflnt ;+3 ;+:yfx?n]
ljut Ps ;ftfb]lv ufp“ufp“ rxfg{ yfn]sfn] xfdLn] ufp“ k:g l;w} k|ltaGw nufPsf
5f}+ c5fd lhNnf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
lhNnf ;ldlt c5fdn] eg]sf] 5– xfdL ;fd|fHojfbL d'n's cd]l/sfsf] h'g;'s} gLlt /
lqmofsnfksf] lj/f]w ub{5f}+ . To;d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;~rflnt s'g} klg
;+3 ;+:yfsf] cjz]if klg 5f]8\b}gf}+ . t/ s]o/ g]kfn gfds ;+:yfn] hg;Qfsf]
lgb{]zgdf sfd ug{] / hg;Qfn] u/]sf lg0f{ox? k"0f{?kdf dfGg] ;xdt ePkl5
clxn] lhNnfdf :yfgLo hgtf;“u ;dGjo u/L cufl8 al9/x]sf] kf6L{n] atfof] .
o;}u/L ljb|f]xsf] qmddf pl7jf; ePsf 8n/v]tL ug{] ;+3 ;+:yfx?
uPsf] df3 !% ut] o'4lj/fd ePkl5 g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_;“u cfkm"x?nfO{ ufp“df
hfg cg'dlt dfu u/]sf lyP . t/ ljsf;sf] gfddf cd]l/sL 8n/ krfpg] / Toxf“sf]
;"rgf hDdf u/]/ cd]l/sL / g]kfnL bnfnx?nfO{ lbg] lgx'“df ufp“ hfg gldNg] hjfkm
kfPkl5 pgLx?sf] ufp“tkm{ hfg] lxDdt lg:s]sf] lyPg . o;} ljifodf
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:o s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] eGg'eof]–
xfd|f] lj?4 ;/sf/nfO{ ;}lgs pks/0f tyf xltof/ pknAw u/fpg] /fi6«sf bftfx?nfO{
xfd|f] lgoGq0f If]qdf hfg lb+b}gf}+ . pxf“n] cfºgf] lj?4 ;/sf/nfO{ xltof/
;xof]u ug{] t/ åGå k|efljt If]qsf JolQmx?nfO{ ;xof]u gug{] dfcf]jfbL lj?4
hf;';L u/L ;/sf/ tyf ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o If]qsf hf;'; ;+:yfnfO{ xfd|f] l/kf]6{
pknAw u/fpg] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ To:tf If]qx?df sfd ug{ glbg]
atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ Ko"7fg lhNnfdf hg;Qf dfkm{t\
@% nfvsf] ah]6 ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPkl5 ;w}+ ljb]zLsf] kfpdf lz/
em'sfp“b} g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljsf;sf] gfddf n'6\g kNs]sf] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ bl/nf]
emfk8 ag]sf] 5 . cfºgf] b]zdf cfly{s k"jf{wf/ x'“bfx'“b} klg
cf}Bf]lus snsf/vfgf lgdf{0f ug{] k"jf{wf/ x'“bfx'“b} klg xltof/ a]Rg]
/fi6«sf ;+:yfx?;“u xf/u'xf/ u/L lemsfOPsf] 8n/ leq\ofpgd} Jo:t k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{
xfdL 5'6 lb+b}gf}+ dWoklZrdsf Ps dfcf]jfbL g]tfn] eGg'ePsf] 5 . s]jn
8n/v]tL ug{] ;+3÷;+:yfsf] e/df g]kfnnfO{ ljb]zLx? v'Nnf 3'dlkm/ ug{] ynf]sf]
?kdf k|of]u ug{ glbg] pgLx?sf] c8fg 5 . ca To;sf] ;§f kf6L{n] cfkm} hgjfbL
;Qf ;~rfng u/]/ xhf/f}+ u'0ff k|efjsf/L ljsf; ug{] s'/f dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n]
atfPsf] 5 .
xTofsf] abnf lng'k5{
uf]/vf lhNnfsf] tfs' kfNv'df hGdg' ePsf cfzfsfhL >]i7
-lxdfn_ @)%@ kmfu'g ! ut]af6 g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] hgo'4 ;+rfng ug{] 3f]if0ff
u/]kl5 dxfg\ hgo'4sf] bf}/fg;“u} pxf“ @)%@ kmfu'g !$ ut]af6
k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ x'g' ePsf] lyof] . pxf“ nfdf] ;do;Dd ljleGg
h]nx?df a:b} cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pxf“ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf] jf;':d[lt
rf}yf] a6flnogsf /fhgLlts sld;f/ x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“ o; cl3 b'DsLjf;
Ok|sfdf lagfIflt ;kmntf xfl;n ug{'x'g]
sdf08/ -lxdfn_ x'g'x'GYof] . To; cfqmd0fsf] Ps;ftf klg ljTg gkfp“b} sflt{s
!( ut] cfºg} 3/df uPsf] cj:yfdf kmflzi6 ;Qfsf Ajf“;fx?n] pxf“sf] xTof
u/] . o;/L zxfbt k|fKt ug{'x'g] lxdfnsL hLjg;fyL u+ufb]jL >]i7;“u ePsf]
s'/fsfgL–
tkfO{sf] ljjfx slxn]
eof] <
– d]/f] / pxf“sf] aLrdf ljjfx )#% ;fndf ;DkGg ePsf]
lyof] . pxf“sf] / d]/f] ljjfx ug{'eGbf cufl8b]lv g} ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] sfdx?
ug{' x'GYof] pxf“n] 3/kl/jf/nfO{ d]/f] sfd 5 eg]/ aflx/ hfg' x'GYof] .
3/df v]tLls;fgL / cWoog ug{'x'GYof] .
pxf“n] zfxL ;]gfdf slxn]b]lv sfd
ug{' eof] / slxn] 5f]8\g' eof] <
– pxf“n] £ofDk];fn df=lj=df ( sIffdf cWoog ubf{ub{} 3/u[x:yL
sdhf]/ ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ zfxL ;]gfdf @)#& ;fnb]lv @)$# ;fn;Dd hflu/
vfg'eof] .
zfxL ;]gfsf] hflu/ lsg 5f]8\g'
ePsf] xf] <
– pxf“ ;fg}b]lv ljb|f]xL :jefjsf] x'g'x'GYof] / ;dfh;]jflt/
nfUg'k5{ eGg] b[li6sf]0f /fVg' x'GYof] . zfxL ;]gfdf dflyNnf 7fn"x?n]
bafpg], pTkL8g ug{], dfgjn] dfgjnfO{ ug{] Jojxf/ gug{] b]v]/ g} pxf“n] zfxL
;]gf leq} ljb|f]x u/]/ hflu/ 5f]8\g' ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnL dfG5]x?sf] of]
b'Mvsf] Joj:yf kmfNg'k5{ eg]/ hg;]gfdf nfUg'eof] .
pxf“n] cWoog If]qnfO{ s;/L cufl8
a9fpg' eof] < / sxf“;Dd k'Ug'eof] <
– pxf“n] 3/df g} v]ltls;fg u/]/ £ofDk];fnsf] b'Nnj df=lj=df (
sIff;Dd cWoog ug{'eof] . To;kl5 zfxL ;]gfdf hflu/ vf“bf vf“b} P;=Pn=;L=
kf; ug{' ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 lzIfs k]zfdf sfd ub{} aL=P= kf;
ug{'eof] .
pxf“n] slt ;fndf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
kf6L{sf] k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{sf ?kdf sfd ug{'eof] <
– lzIfs k]zf 5f8]/ @)%@ kmfu'g !$ ut]af6 g} k"0f{sfnLg
sfo{stf{sf ?kdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{sf] sfd ug{'eof] .
pxf“;“u clGtd k6s slxn] e]6 ePsf]
lyof] <
– pxf“;“u @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g !$ ut]af6 e"ldut ePkl5 ;]G6/
h]ndf a:g' x'“bf Psrf]6L e]6 ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 b'O{ tLg rf]l6 e]6
eof] . To;kl5 b]zJofkL ?kd ;+s6sfn nufO{ zfxL ;]gf kl/rfng u¥of] .
;+s6sfn g} nflu/x]sf] ;dodf @)%( sflt{s !( ut] a]n'sf ;ft ah]lt/ pxf“sf] xTof
eof] To;} lbg d]/f] e]6 ePsf] lyof] .
pxf“ cfkm\gf] 3/df cfpg' ePsf]
a]nfdf s;/L To:tf] 36gf eof] <
– a]n'sf l/dl/d] ;f“em kb{}lyof] pxf“ Tolta]nflt/} cfºgf]
3/df cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . 3/df kl/jf/;“u e]63f6 u/]/ pxf“ cfºgf] cfdfnfO{
e]6\g kfNv'sf] k'/fgf] 3/df hfg' ePsf] lyof] . cfdfnfO{ e]6]/ cfºgf]
ufp“3/lt/sf] sfsf sfsLx?;“u e]63f6 u/L cfºgf] 3/df vfgfvfg egL cfpg' ePsf]
lyof] . pxf“n] vfgf vfO;s]/ ca xfdL lx+8\b} kl/jf/;“u ljbfjf/L eP/ 3/sf]
cf“ugdf s] k'Ug' ePsf] lyof] uf]nL rNg yfNof] . b'O{–tLg cf]6f uf]nL t
9f]sfdf nfUof] . k|x/Lx?n] …;df To;nfO{ 7f]sÚ eGb} 3/af6 tnlt/ xfdkmfNof]
Tolta]nf dnfO{ d]/f] >Ldfg\nfO{ df¥of] eg]/ yfxf lyPg . ef]lnkN6 laxfg
^ ah]lt/ kf] dnfO{ yfxf eof] pxf“nfO{ uf]nL nfu]/ Pshgfsf] 3/sf] lk+9Ldf
al;/xg'ePsf] 5 eg]/ . d Toxf“ uPsf] t pxf“ of] ;+;f/nfO{ 5fl8;Sg' ePsf]
/x]5 . pxf“sf] bflxg] sf]vflt/af6 b'O{cf]6f uf]nL b]j|] sf]vfaf6 lg:s]sf]
/x]5 . of] 36gf ;'/fsLsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ ePsf] xf] .
clxn] kl/jf/sf] u'hf/f s;/L
rnfO/xg' ePsf] 5 <
– v]tL ls;fg u/]/ 5 dlxgf vfg k'U5, ^ dlxgf lsg]/ kl/jf/nfO{
kfNg' k/]sf] 5 . d}n] lgd]s u/]/ kl/jf/nO{ kfn]sL 5' .
cfkm\gf] hLjg ;fyLnfO{
u'dfpg'kbf{ s:tf] dx;'; eO/x]sf] 5 <
– hLjg;fyLnfO{ u'dfpg'kbf{ s;nfO{ kf] x'“b}g / < /
d}n] dfq cfºgf] >Ldfg\ u'dfpg' k/]sf] xf]Og xhf/f}+ xhf/ g]kfnL cfdfsf ;k't
5f]/fx? / xhf/f}+ xhf/ g]kfnL r]nLx?sf] l;Gb'/ kvflnPsf 5g\ . b]z, hgtf /
/fi6«sf] nflu n8]/ zxLb eP/ hfg' ePsf] 5 . To;}n] dnfO{ pxf“sf] zxfbtdf
uj{ nfu]sf] 5 .
cGtdf c? s]xL eGg rfxg' x'G5
ls <
– cGtdf b]z / hgtfsf] nflu jftf{af6 ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{'k5{ . clxn] jftf{ 6]a'ndf cfO/x]sf] 5 b]zdf cu|ufdL lgsf; / zflGt
xf];\ lxhf]sf] h:tf] /Qmkftk"0f{ o'4df gkmls{of];\ oxL g} d]/f] rfxgf
xf] .
lzIfs ;+u7gsf] gof“
;+ljwfg agfpg] k|lqmofdf ;dy{g
xfn} g]kfn /fli6«o
lzIfs ;+u7gsf] !)cf}+ /fli6«o kl/ifb\sf] j}7s kf]v/fdf a;]sf] lyof] .
j}7sn] jt{dfg åGå ;dfKt ug{sf] nflu jt{dfg ;+ljwfg d[t cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 / gof“
;+ljwfg agfpg] k|lqmofnfO{ lzIfs ;+u7gsf] hf]8bf/ ;dy{g /xg] lg0f{o u/]sf]
5 .
g]kfn /fli6«o lzIfs ;+u7gsf] pQm j}7sdf
;+u7gsf cWoIf dfwj clwsf/Ln] lzIfs ;+u7gsf] cjwf/0ff / ;+u7gsf pkfWoIf dfwj
d/x¶fn] gof“ hgjfbL lzIffsf] ;f+u7lgs cjwf/0ffaf/] sfo{kq k]z ug{'ePsf]
lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df g]kfndf /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf] xn geO{ lzIff If]qdf ;'wf/
gcfpg] ePsfn] j}7sn] Ps dt /x]sf] s'/f ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 .
;]tL–dxfsfnL ;+3if{
;ldltsf] va/bf/L
bfr{'nf÷t];|f]
jftf{ xf]nf ls gxf]nfsf] l:yltdf k'u]sf sf/0f ;]tL–dxfsfnL ;+o'Qm hg;+3if{
;ldltn] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ vabf{/L ug{'kg{ ;do cfPsf] atfPsf] 5 .
;]tL–dxfsfnL ;+o'Qm hg;+3if{ If]qLo ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;x;+of]hs vu/fh e§åf/f lxhf]
hf/L Ps lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5– g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts zlQms]Gb| cd]l/sf aGg nflu/x]sf]
5 . /, j}b]zLs x:tIf]kn] /fli6«otf ;dfKt x'g] cj:yfsf] 5 . To;}n]
pxf“n] cufl8 eGg' ePsf] 5– clxn] ;]gf k/]jf p8fP/ zflGtsf] sNkgf ug{' a]sf/ 5,
To;}n] ;dod} tTsfnLg /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] dfWod vf]hf}+ . pxf“sf] syg 5–
;+ljwfg;ef cfhsf] /fhg}lts lgsf; xf] .
;'/Iff kmf}h
xQf]T;flxt
8f]6L÷:jf:Yo lzlj/ ;+rfngsf] gfddf
hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg{] zfxL ;]gf 8f]6Lsf] 3fun If]qdf k'Ubf xtf]T;flxt ePsf
5g\ . ;f]xL cj;/df dfcf]jfbLaf/] ;f]wvf]h ub{} hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg{] zfxL
;]gfsf % hjfg eL/af6 n8]/ 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . 3fOt] ePkl5 Psf]xf]/f] kmfol/ª
ub{} yk cft+s dRrfPsf zfxL ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbL;“u gSsnL le8Gtsf] ;dfrf/ k|rf/
u/fPsf] atfOG5 . pQm 36gf ut laxLaf/sf] xf] .
7]Ssfk§f glng
cg'/f]w
l;/xf÷rGb|nfnk'/ uf=lj=;= cjl:yt /x]sf]
;a} kf]v/Lx?sf] 7]Ssfk§f gnufpg g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ Pl/of g+= # sf OGrfh{
rGb|nfnn] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . jxf“sf cg';f/ ;f] 7]Ssfk§faf6 x'g] /sdsf]
cfh;Dd s'g} lx;fa lstfa gepsf] / ;a} lnnfgfy >]i7 -Pdfn]_ / sf+u|];x?sf
ldn]dtf]df jiff{}+b]lv e|i6frf/L eO/x]sf]n] ca gof“ ;Qf;“u dfq ;Dks{ u/L
7]Ssfk§f lng cfd hg;d'bfodf OGrfh{ rGb|nfnn] xflb{s clkn ug{'ePsf] 5 .
t;y{ To:tf lgr / 3[l0ft lzIfsx?nfO{ xflh/ gug{ ;a} kIf;“u jxf“n] cg'/f]w ub{}
/fi6«sf s0ff{wf/ o'jf ljBfyL{x?sf] eljio;“u v]njf8 gug{ clkn ug{'ePsf] 5 .
uf]/vfdf ewf
hgxft]dfnf] cleofg
sf7df8f}+÷uf]/vfdf u08s P sDkgLn] lhNnf
kf6L{sf] of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{ ewf hgxft]dfnf] cleofg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
xfd|f uf]/vf ;+jfbbftfsf cg';f/ cleofgdf u08s P sDkgLåf/f hg;ef, sf]0f;ef,
uf=h=;= 3f]if0ff, zxLbu]6 lgdf{0f h:tf sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
ewf hgxft]dfnf] cleofgdf j}zfv @(
ut]b]lv h]i7 @) ut];Ddsf] cleofgdf ljleGg Onfsfdf ufp“ hg;/sf/sf] cfof]hgfdf
hgtfsf] xhf/f}+ pkl:yltdf hg;ef, sf]0f;ef / hgjfbL ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmdx/ ;DkGg
ePsf 5g\ . ;dfrf/ cg';f/ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf uf]/vf lhNNfsf] tLg Onfsfdf
hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 . u08s P sDkgL / hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf dxfg\
zxLbx?sf] ;Demgfdf uf]/vfsf] ljleGg 7fp“x?df cf7j6f zxLb u]6 lgdf{0f ePsf
5g\ . ;fy} dxfg\ zxLbx?sf] :d[ltdf Pp6f zxLb :tDe hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;]gfgL
sd/]8x?sf ;fy} ;of]+ hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .
oyfzL3| dfu
k"/f gul/P ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng tLj| x'g]
sf7df8f}+÷cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_
n] c;f/ @^ ut] ljleGg @^ ;"qLo dfu /fVb} lzIff dGqfnonfO{ Ps 1fkg kq
a'emfPsf] 5 . oyfzL3| tL dfu k"/f gul/Pdf a[xt cfGbf]ngsf] cf“lwj]x/L
l;h{gf ug{] r'gf}tL lb+b} dfukqdf elgPsf] 5– æxfd|f] hGd, ljsf; / lj:tf/
cfGbf]ngs} e"d/Lsf] aLraf6 ePsf] 5 . ljutdf klg xfdLn] k6sk6s a[xb
hg;dy{g ;lxtsf cfGbf]ngåf/f ;/sf/L kIfnfO{ ljBfyL{sf lxtdf ljleGg ;xdlt u/fpg t
afWo kf¥of}+ t/ slxNo} klg tL ;Demf}tfx?nfO{ OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s sfof{Gjog
ul/Pg . o;sf] pN6f] ;du| lzIff If]qnfO{ u}/lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ tl/sfn]
c:tJo:t agfOPsf] 5 .Æ zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf kIfw/ g]kfnL
hgtfsf] rfxgf / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] cToGt nrsbf/ / w}o{tfk"0f{ kxnnfO{
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] cfb]z / k|ToIf ;}lgs pkl:yltdf ank"j{s bjfpg]
/fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL u2f/L g]kfnL zf;sx?n] u/]sf 5g\ eGb} cWoIf n]vgfy
Gof}kfg]n] pQm 1fkgkqdf ljutsf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dLIff;lxt uDeL/tfk"j{s 5nkmn
u/]/ z}lIfs nufot cGo If]q;“u ;DalGwt HjnGt ;jfnnfO{ ;"qj4 ul/Psf] atfpg'
ePsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL / u[xdGqLnfO{ ;d]t jf]wfy{ k7fOPsf] pQm dfukqsf]
k"0ff{z o;k|sf/ 5 .
!= z}lIfs lghLs/0f / Jofkfl/s/0fsf] cGTo
ul/of];\ .
@= b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ ah]6sf] %) k|ltzt /sd
lzIff If]qsf nflu ljlgof]hg ul/of];\ / ;'/Iff ah]6nfO{ s6f}tL ul/of];\ .
#= lzIffdf ePsf] hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs bdg /
lje]bsf] cGTo ul/of];\ .
dft[efiffdf k7gkf7gsf] Joj:yf ldnfOof];\ . ljBfno tyf pRr lzIffsf]
kf7\oqmddf ePsf :t'tLjfbL / cj}1flgs ljifoj:t' x6fOof];\ .
$= JolQm :t'tLjfbL slyt /fli6«o ufg vf/]h u/L
b]zelQmk"0f{ /fli6«o ufgsf] Joj:yf ul/of];\ .
%= lzIff dGqfno;“u @)^) h]7 !) ut] ePsf]
;Demf}tf cg'?k df=lj= tx;Dd lgMz'Ns nufot ljifox?nfO{ t'?Gt sfof{Gjog ub{}
:yfoL lzIfsnfO{ :yfoL nfO;]G; lbg] egL lzIff dGqfnon] u/]sf] 3f]if0ffnfO{
sfof{Gjog ul/of];\ .
^= lq=lj=lj= cGtu{tsf ;a} SofDk;x?sf] ef}lts
ljsf; / cWoog cg';Gwfgdf cfjZos Go"gtd ;'ljwfsf] ;d]t cefj ePsf]n] tTsfn
ah]6 a[l4 ul/of];\ . xfd|f] ;+u7g;“u @)%( kmfu'g & ut] ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf
sfof{Gjog ul/of];\ .
&= ;fj{hlgs ljBfnodf ;+rflnt !)±@ nfO{ cfjZos
kof{Kt ah]6 5'6\ofO{ ;f] ;DaGwdf xfdL;“u @)^) c;f/ !! df ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf
sfof{Gjog ul/of];\ .
*= sf7df8f}+, kf]v/f / k"jf{~rn
ljZjljBfnoåf/f ;+rflnt / ;DaGwg lbOPsf SofDk;x?sf ;fy} pRr dfWolds lzIff
kl/ifb\ / CTEVT af6 ;DaGwg k|fKt
lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df ljBdfg rsf{] z'Ns 36fOof];\ .
(= k|df0fkq tx lj:yfkg gug{] ;DaGwdf xfd|f]
;+u7g;“u @)^) c;f/ !! df ePsf] ;Demf}tf t'?Gt sfof{Gjog ul/of];\ .
lq=lj=lj=sf] k|df0fkq txsf] kf7\oqmd, k7gkf7g / k/LIff k|0ffnLnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo /
Jojxfl/s agfO{ !)±@ ;“u ;fd~h:ok"0f{ agfOof];\ .
!)= dx]Gb| ;“:s[t ljZjljBfnonfO{ ;do ;fk]If
cfw'lgsLs/0f ub{} ;“:s[lt ljZjljBfnodf ?kfGt/0f u/L efiff, ;“:s[lt, Oltxf;,
lj1fg cflbsf] cWoog u/fOof];\ .
!!= lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] s'nklt lq=lj=lj=
;efåf/f lgjf{lr ul/of];\ .
!@= hg3gTj a9L ePsf If]qsf ;fj{hlgs ljBfnox?df
5fqjf;sf] Joj:yf ul/of];\ .
!#= lghL / ;fj{hlgs ljBfnosf nflu ;dfg kf7\oqmd
nfu" ul/of];\ .
!$= k|fljlws SofDk;x?df Barrier
System, Donation System, Full Fee Paying System sf] cGTo uL
b'u{d, pTkLl8t hflt, ul/a ;d'bfosf] nflu ljz]if sf]6fsf ;fy} Scholarship sf] Joj:yf ul/of];\ / ljBfyL{ egf{ ;+Vofdf a[l4 ul/of];\ .
!%= k|fljlws SofDk; tyf ;L=6L=O=eL=6L=åf/f
;+rflnt lzIffnox?df w/f}6L tyf dfl;s z'Ns df %) k|ltzt 36fOof];\ .
!^= k|:tfljt ljBfnox?nfO{ :yfoL :jLs[lt lbO{
lzIfs / sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbLsf] Joj:yf ul/of];\ .
!&= s[lif ljZjljBfnosf ;fy} ;'b"/ klZrd
tyf s0ff{nL If]qdf ljZjljBfnosf] :yfkgf ul/of];\ . lxdfnL If]qdf Toxf“sf]
ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df 5'§} z}lIfs Sofn]08/sf] Joj:yf ul/of];\ .
!*= pTkLl8t If]q, hflt tyf ;d'bfonfO{ ljz]if
nlIft u/L lzIffdf ljz]if Joj:yf nfu" ul/of];\ .
!(= oftfoft, dgf]/~hg, :jf:Yof]krf/, dl§t]n /
cGo cfwf/e"t pkef]Uo j:t' tyf If]qdf %) k|ltzt ljBfyL{ ;x'lnot pknAw
u/fOof];\ .
@)= lzIffsf] gLlt lgdf{0fdf j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf]
cGTo ul/of];\ .
@!= ;a} !)±@ tyf k|fOe]6 SofDk;x?df
:jljo"sf] Joj:yf ul/of];\ .
@@= j}b]lzs k|ltlqmofjfb d"ntM cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfb / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb;“u cfTd;dk{0f u/L hgtfsf] Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ng
bafpg p4t /x]sf ;fdGtL /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL /j}of aGb ul/of];\ .
@#= zfxL ;]gf k|x/Låf/f lu/ºtf/ u/L d'7e]8sf
gfddf sfo/tfk"j{s xTof ul/Psf lgjt{dfg s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf j]gf]h clwsf/L,
s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? hgd a/fn, Clif l3ld/], 6Lsf/fd uf}td, z+s/ td', u0f]z 9sfn,
gf/fo0f zdf{, lk|ts'df/ df]Qmfg, e"=k"= s]Gb|Lo ;+of]hs s[i0f ;]g
OR5's, e"=k"= pkfWoIf 1fdk|;fb rfln;] nufotsf g]tf, sfo{stf{ / hgtfsf
xTof/fx?nfO{ s8f sf/jfxL ul/of];\ . j]kQf kfl/Psf lgjt{dfg dxf;lrj
k"0f{ kf}8]n, s]=;=;=x? ljkLg e08f/L, gjLg /fO{, lbnaxfb'/ /fO{, hfgsL
rf}w/L, s[i0f rf}w/L, sdn lk=Pd=, s6s /fO{, lgb{n zfx / b]jxl/ l/hfn nufotnfO{
;fj{hlgs ug{'sf] ;fy} s]=;=;=x? /fhsfhL dxh{g, tf/f e08f/L nufotsf ;a}
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cljnDa l/xf ul/of];\ .
@$= o'4lj/fdsf] Go"gtd dfGotf /
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn+3g u/L zfxL ;]gfåf/f dRrfOPsf] xTof, cft+s, n'6kf6 /
w/ks8sf] cGTo u/L jftf{k|lt OdfGbf/ aGb} uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg
;efsf] lgjf{rg dfkm{t\ gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L jt{dfg ;+s6sf] cu|ufdL lgsf;
vf]lhof];\ .
@%= ;fd|fHojfbL /fi6«x?åf/f lgb{]lzt
Pg=hL=cf]=÷cfO=Pg=hL=cf] t'?Gt aGb ul/of];\ .
@^= ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbåf/f af/Daf/ ul/g] ;Ldf
cltqmd0f /f]lsof];\ / cltqmldt e"–efu t'?Gt lkmtf{ ul/of];\ .
ufddf
zf]s;ef
lnjfª÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ &
g+= Pl/of ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf zfxL ;]gfåf/f Ps}k6s xTof ul/Psf !% hgf dxfg\
udfnL zxLbx? / h'Dnf sfjf{xLdf jL/tfk"j{s n8\bfn8\b} zxfbt k|fKt ug'{x'g]
hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf zxLb s= hgb]z -g/axfb'/ a'9f ufd_ ;lxt !^ hgf dxfg\
zxLbx?sf] zf]s;ef zxLb kl/jf/x? / !%;o eGbf a9L hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf h]7 @* ut]
eJotfk"j{s ;DkGg eof] .
zf]s ;ef sfo{qmd s= cWofgsf] ;~rfng, s=
kTy/sf] ;efkltTj, s= lji0f'sf] :jfut efif0faf6 ;'? ePsf] lyof] .
;Dk"0f{ zxLb kl/jf/x?sf] Pp6} ;ª\sNk / k|lta4tf lyof]– …xfd|f cfkmGtx? cfh
xfdLn] ef}lts ?kdf u'dfof}+ . b]z, hgtf / qmflGtsf] lglDt zxLb eP,
zxLbx?sf ck'/f ;kgfnfO{ xfdLn] k"/f ug'{k5{ . d'lQmsf] lglDt wtL{df
au]sf] /ftf] /utsf] abnf lnP/} 5f]8\g]5f}+ . xfd|f] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ;w}+
kf6L{sf] j}rfl/s ;+/If0fdf /xL ;xof]u ug]{5f}+ . zxLbx?sf] xTofsf] abnf
lng xfd|f] /ut lbg' k/] qmflGtd} /ut lbg tof/ 5f}+ .Ú
e]nf–;Dd]ng
;DkGg
;Nofg÷cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ Pl/of g+= !), !@
/ $ ;Nofgsf] e]nf / ;Dd]ng h]7 !^,@! tyf @!–@@ df ;DkGg ePsf] va/ 5 .
;Dd]ngn] Ps ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L sln a'9fyf]sLsf] cWoIftfdf pkfWoIf, ;lrj,
sf]iffWoIfx?df qmdzM /Ltf a'9fyf]sL, /l~htf zdf{, ?ksnf lj=s= /xg'ePsf] (
;b:oLo !@ g+= Pl/of ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L $ g+= Pl/of sfo{;ldtdf cWoIf nfdtL
a:g]t, pkfWoIf, ;lrj, ;x–;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / ;b:ox?df clgtf k'g, lgdf lj=s=,
nIdL lj=s=, gGbf k'g, 6Lsf a'9fyf]sL, u+unL lj=s=, /fwf lj=s=, xL/f a'9fyf]sL,
gf]vL kl/of/ nufot !! ;b:o /xg'ePsf] 5 . To:t} !) g++ Pl/of sfo{;ldltdf Ps
;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L cWoIf u+uf k'g, pkfWoIf, ;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / ;b:ox?df qmdzM
/Tg s]=;L=, ?kf /fgf, bLkf lj=s=, ;Ltf zdf{, nLnf 8L=;L=, t'n;f 8L=;L=, od'gf
a:g]t, lrqf zdf{, sdnf lj=s= nufot !! hgf lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 .
pQm e]nf–;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf / awfO
dGtJo cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o 6Lsf a'9fyf]sL, lhNnf ;ldlt cWoIf xL/f
a:g]t tyf pkfWoIf lbndfof lj=Pd=n] lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
cu|ufdL
cfwf/ cleofg hf/L
;'v]{t÷g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ ;'v]{t lhNnf
;ldltn] …cu|ufdL cfwf/ cleofgÚ ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . pQm cleofgdf kf6L{
k|ltlglw, hj;sf k|ltlglwx?, ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmdx?;lxt hgtsf] 3/b}nf]df k'lu/x]sf]
;dfrf/ 5 . pQm cleofgn] jt{dfg cGof]n / /fhg}lts lgsf;af/] dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{sf] wf/0ff ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .
e|i6frf/Lx?
e"ldut
;'v]{t÷ ;'v]{tl:yt aflaofrf}/ ufh;df
k'/fgf] ;Qf ;~rfng ubf{ uflj;df cfpg] ah]6 e|i6frf/ ug]{x? :yfgLo hg;Qfn]
5fgjLg u/L sfjf{xL cufl8 a9fPkl5 ufp“ 5f]8]/ zx/lt/ e"ldut ePsf 5g\ .
e"ldut x'g]x?df k"j{ uflj; cWoIf h+uaxfb'/ v8\sf -Pdfn]_,
g/]Gb|axfb'/ zfxL -sf+u|];_ nufot Pdfn] :yfgLo sfo{stf{ sdfgl;+x /fjn,
z]/axfb'/ ;fsL{, s]n/l;+x ;fsL{, sf+u|];sf lhNnf sld6L ;b:o l8NnL/fd kf7s,
sf+u|];s} :yfgLo sfo{stf{ gjLg zfxL cflb /x]sf 5g\ . Pdfn] :yfgLo sfo{stf{
kbd /fjn, s07/fh ltldlN;gf -sf+u|];_x? nfvf}+ /sd e|i6frf/ u/L ef/tlt/ k;]sf
5g\ . o;} qmddf :yfgLo hgldlnl;ofn] ;dfhdf ljs[lt–lj;+ult x6fpg hf“8–/S;L
lj/f]wL cleofgdf @ bh{g eGbf a9L JolQmx?nfO{ >d sfjf{xL u/]sf 5g\ .
of]ª\u
sDo'lg:6 nLusf] Pl/of ;Dd]ng
lnjfª÷of]¨ sDo'lg:6 nLu g]kfn /f]Nkf
lhNnfcGtu{t & g+= Pl/ofsf] k|yd ;Dd]ng o'jfx?sf] a[xt\ pkl:ytldf )^) h]7
!#–!$ ut] ;DkGg eof] . pQm sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g of]¨ sDo'lg:6 nLu g]kfn
lh=;=;= s= lbg]zn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ljleGg hgjuL{o ;+u7g, hgd'lQm ;]gf
g]kfn, hg;Qf cflbaf6 cfdlGqt cltlyx?n] awfO tyf z'esfdgf dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf]
lyof] . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ & g+= Pl/ofsf ;]qm]6/L s= Hjfnfn]
…PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf P]ltxfl;s ?kn] rln/x]sf] g]kfnL hgo'4df /fi6«sf afxs zlQm
o'jfx?sf] e"ldsf / cfjZostfaf/]Ú k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf]
aLraLrdf cg]h;f;+3cGtu{t ;'g5x/L ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf sfnfsf/x?n] qmflGtsf/L uLt
/ ;+uLtsf] dfWodaf6 ;Dd]ngnfO{ zf]efodfg agfPsf lyP .
pQm ;Dd]ng tLg r/0fdf ;DkGg ePsf]
lyof] . ;Dd]ngn] Jofks ax;, 5nkmnsf ;fy ljzfnsf] cWoIftfdf ;ft hgfsf]
Pl/of ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf h;dfg, ;lrj gf/fo0f, sf]iffWoIf
u0f]z, ;b:ox? ;Gt], lzj / 5\ofd' /x]sf 5g\ . ;Dd]ngn] cfufdL lbgdf h'emf?
9+un] jfO=;L= Pn=nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox? klg lnPsf] 5 .
;f]xL Pl/ofd} clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_, clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ / blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf] Pl/of
:t/Lo e]nf tyf k|lzIf0fx? eJo?kn] ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
/f]Nkfaf6
ultdfg k'gdu/
nfvf}+
/sd vfP/ Pdfn] g]tf km/f/
hfh/sf]6÷g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ hfh/sf]6 lhNnf
kf6L{ ;b:o, lh=lj=;= ;b:o tyf k|=/f=o'=;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lg/h cfrfo{sf bfh'
afns[i0f cfrfo{n] dfl;s ;os8f % b]lv !) k|ltzt 3/ hUuf lbG5' eGb} !! nfv #@
xhf/ /sd lnP/ ! dlxgf cufl8b]lv km/f/ /x]sf 5g\ . xfdLnfO{ k|fKt ;dfrf/
cg';f/ h]7fg ;Ltf/fd uf}td ! nfv %) xhf/, ldqnfn uf}td #) xhf/, uf]kfn cfrfo{
!@ xhf/, uug] dlxnL !% xhf/, ob' cfrfo{ % xhf/, ;'bo cfrfo{ #^ xhf/, efujt zdf{
&@ xhf/, g/] egf/L !) xhf/, dbgaxfb'/ vqL $) xhf/, s[i0f /f]sfo %) xhf/,
;To k|;fb zdf{ #) xhf/, tKtk|;fb h};L !) xhf/, df]lt/fd h};L !% xhf/, k'?:jQd
e§/fO{ !) xhf/, Psb]j zdf{ #* xhf/, xf]dh+u zfx ! nfv %) xhf/, d+un l;+x s;fO !
nfv %) xhf/, /fdrGb| cfrfo{ ! xhf/, gfd e'n]sf] Pshgf ! nfv ePsf] yfxf x'g
cfPsf] 5 . pQm /sd lgh cfrfo{sf] hfoh]yfaf6 klg c;'n gx'g] b]lvPsfn] /sd
lbg]x? lrlGtt b]lvG5g\ . :d/0fLo s'/f s] 5 eg] lg/h cfrfo{ lh=lj=;= ;b:o
/x]sf] a]nf sfa|f s'nf], e'/ a'?¨] vfg]kfgL nufot nfvf}+sf] /sd df6f] g}
gsf]6\ofO g]kfnu~h 38]/L / hUuf lnPsfn] hgtf ToxL sfdsf] k'g/fj[lQ ePsf] hgtf
atfp“5g\ .
hg;DaGw
;'b[9Ls/0f cleofg
alb{of÷l9nf]u/L k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ j}zfv
!& b]lv h]7 @% ;Dd af“s] alb{ofsf k|To]s ufp“7fp“df hg;DaGw ;'b[9Ls/0f
cleofg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cleofgn] ;+s6sfndf k'/fgf] ;Qfn] 5/]sf] e|d lrb{}
tTsfnLg /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] af/]df k|lzlIft t'NofPsf] lyof] . pQm $) lbg]
cleofgdf ;DalGwt ufp“df ;DalGwt ck/fwL, Jolerf/L, ;'/fsLnfO{ >d / r]tfjgL
sf/jfxL ul/Psf] 5 eg] ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx? klg u/]sf] s'/f
cleofgdf ;xeflux?n] hgfb]znfO{ atfPsf 5g\ .
hfh/sf]6df
b'O{ dlxg] gof“ ;Gb]z cleofg
hfh/sf]6 lhNnfe/ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d
;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efaf/] k|i6 kfg{ b'O{ dlxg] gof“ ;Gb]z cleofg k'lu/x]sf]
5 . pQm cleofgn] jt{dfg cGof}ntf / /fhgLlts lgsf;af/] hf]8 lb+b} lhNnfsf
;a} Pl/of, ufh; k'uL sfo{qmd lb+b} u/]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 . ;dfrf/ cg';f/ lhNnf
hg;/sf/sf kbflwsf/L, kf6L{ k|ltlglw, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf k|ltlglw / cGo ha;åf/f
k|lzlIft ub{} hgtfsf] pTkfbg sfo{df klg ;fd]n ePsf 5g\ .
/g
cleofg–@ ;~rfng
e]/L–s0ff{nL IF]qsf] df]8]ndf /g cleofg–@
;+rfng ePsf] 5 . of] cleofg h]7 @$ ut]af6 z'? ePsf] xf] eg] ;fpg @$ ut];Dd
;+rfng x'g] ePsf] 5 .
cleofgn] jt{dfg kl/l:yltsf] d"Nof+sg
ub{} cfpg ;Sg] ;a} ;Defjgfdf hg;d'bfosf] tg, dg / wg tof/ agfpg] d'Vo nIo
lnPsf] 5 . df]8]n lhNnfsf OGrfh{ Pj+ cleofg k|d'v hLjgn] hgfb]z
;+jfbbftfnfO{ atfpg' eof] . cleofgn] nfn / bIf b'j} agfpg k|To]s ufp“
k'u]sf] :d/0f u/fp“b} pQm lhNnfsf ;]qm]6/L chon] eGg'eof]– æxfdLn] b'Zdg
nv]6\g] dfq o'4 u/]sf] xf]Og, /fli6«otfsf] hu]gf{ ub{} ;j{xf/fju{sf] lbn
lbdfudf k'Ug o'4 u/]sf 5f}+ . o;y{ hg;xsfo{ g} xfd|f] /g cleofg–@
xf] .Æ
hg tyf
s[lif u0fgf
l9nf]u/L k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ e]s Ifq df]8]n
lhNnf ;+o'Qm hg;ldltn] @)%( ;fn r}q % b]lv !) ut];Dddf e]s df]8]nsf] hgu0fgf
tyf s[lif u0fgf ;+sng sfo{ ;Dkgg u/]sf] 5 .
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] j]jf:tf / cg'kl:yltnfO{
r'gf}tL lb+b} df]8]nleqsf hgtfsf] ;d:of phfu/ u/L df]8]n :t/Lo sfo{of]hgf tyf
gLlt lgdf{0f u/L ljsf; lgdf{0fsf k"jf{wf/ v8f ug{ df]8]n hg;/sf/n] hgu0fgf
tyf s[lif u0fgf ;DkGg u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .
afn;+/If0f
s]Gb|sf] pb\3f6g
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ e]s If]qsf] ax'cfoflds
/ b"/ufdL p2]Zosf ;fy e]s df]8]ndf ut h]7 @( ut] afn ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf]
pb\3f6g sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . afn ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf lk|lG;kn lgzfgn]
k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lyof] . afn ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf] ef}lts >f]t
;fwgx? $ sf]7] kSsL ejg, @ sf]7] efG;f 3/, afy?d ;lxtsf] zf}rfno, s/];faf/L,
dgf]/~hgsf ;fwgx? -elnan, Sof/]daf]8{, Aof8ldG6g, 6]a'n6]lg; /x]sf], $ hgfsf]
lzIfs b/aGbL, ! sIffb]lv % sIff;Dd cWoog/t @# hgf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+Vof /x]sf]
5 . hgo'4sf] qmddf zxfbt k|fKt ug{] zxLbx? k"0f{sfnLg kl/jf/x?, j]kQf
kfl/Psf, aGbL / ljkGg kl/jf/sf afnaflnsf / cgfy afnaflnsfx?sf] ;+/If0f ug{] /
qmflGtsf/L r]tgfaf6 n}; nfn / lgk"0f{ gful/s lgdf{0f ug{] nIo / p2]Zo
k|:t't k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v o;sf zfvfx? lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb| df]8]n P g+= ! / @ df
;+rfng eO/x]sf] / eljiodf o;sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{] p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf df]8]n OGrfh{ hLjgn]
o;sf] nIo / p2]Zodf k|sfz kfb{} k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] :j:tL jfrssf] ?kdf /x]sf]
jt{dfg lzIff k|0ffnLsf] sfpG6/df gof“ hgjfbL ;Qfsf] j}1flgs lzIff k|0ffnlsf]
cEof;sf] ?kdf :yflkt afn;+/If0f s]Gb|n] ljleGg tx / tKsfsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{
;fxf/f lb+b} ljZj;fDojfbsf] e'|0fsf] ljsf; ul//x]sf] atfpg' eof] .
hg;Qfsf]
kxndf ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
e]s df]8]n If]qdf :yfgLo hg;Qfsf] kxndf /
hgtfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfdf :yfgLo :t/df ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ wdfwd ;DkGg eO/x]sf
5g\ . Pl/of g+= # /fld8f“8f uf=h=;=sf] j8f g+= * wf}nfsf]6 / Pl/of g+= $
/f]sfofufp“ uf=h=;=sf] aLr vf]nfdf sf7]k'n lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . ;of}+ hgtfsf]
;lqmotfdf sl/a $) xhf/ a/fa/sf] cg'dflgt nfutdf lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L Pl/of g+= ! /Ubf uf=h=;=sf]
/fjtufp“b]lv rf}vf;Dd cfjfudg ug{] d"n dfu{ tf;'vf]nfdf @ j6f sf7]k'n
lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . /fjtufp“, Wof/ufp“, rf}vf / tNn'sf xhf/f}+ hgtfnfO{
cfjfudgdf ;xh agfPsf] 5 . pQm @ j6f sf7]k'n ;of}+ hgtfsf] ;xeflutf / sl/a
;f7L xhf/ a/fa/sf] cg'dflgt nfutdf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] s'/f uf=h=;= k|d'v
hLtaxfb'/ dNn atfpg' x'G5 . o;}u/L /Ubf uf=h=;=sf ljBfnox?df klg :yfgLo
hg;Qfn] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . lg=df=lj=
Wof/ufp“, k|f=lj= tf“qf / df=lj= tNn'df !–! j6f zf}rfno lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ .
:yfgLo hgtfsf] hg>dbfgåf/f pQm 6\jfOn]6x? lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L Pl/of g+= ! s} vu]gsf]6 uf=h=;=sf]
bNnLb]lv eujtL uf=h=;=sf] tNn' x'“b} 8f]Nkf hf]8\g] 3f]8]6f] af6f] xhf/f}+
hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf dd{t sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sl/a Ps nfv a/fa/sf] cg'dflgt
nfutdf lgdf{0f ePsf] s'/f vu]gsf]6 uf=h=;= k|d'v gf/fo0f vqL / eujtL uf=h=;=
k|d'v a'l4axfb'/ a:g]t atfpg'x'G5 .
pTkfbg
Knf6'g lgdf{0f
e]s If]q df]8]nsf gfosaf8f, /f]sfofufp“,
/fdL8f“8f, ;Snf, nx“, 8f“8fufp“, vu]gsf]6, /Ubf / eujtL uf=h=;=sf ;a} j8fx?df
Ps Ps j6f pTkfbg Knf6'g lgdf{0f eO{ pTkfbg k|lqmofdf h'l6/x]sf 5g\ .
( j6f uf=h=;=nfO{ @ sdfgdf ljefhg u/L Pl/of
g+= ! / @ df DCS s= ch]o / P g+= # / $ df lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v sd/]8
6]saxfb'/ /fjnn] sdfg ug{'ePsf] 5 . qmflGtsf tLg xltof/nfO{ ;'b[9 ub{}
PsLs[t kl/rfng u/f}+, e]s If]q df]8]nsf] dxfg\ cleef/f k"/f ug{ cl3 ;/f}+
eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy ;+rflnt cleofgn] zflGt jftf{sf] of] ;dodf ;+u7g
;'b[9Ls/0f / cTolws ?kdf hg;]jfdf h'6\g] nIo / p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . pTkfbg
a9fcf}+ / qmflGtnfO{ ;dfcf}+ eGg] s= dfcf]sf] plQmnO{ ;fy{s ?k lbg / efjL
r'gf}tL / ;DefjgfnffO{ lz/f]wfo{ ub{} @ dlxgf;Dd Pl/of :t/Lo uf=h=;= :t/Lo /
j8f :t/Lo pTkfbg Knf6'g lgdf{0f eO/x]sf 5g\ .
8f]Nkfdf
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Jo:ttf
8f]NkfnL hgtfsf] aLrdf hgd'lQm ;]gfx?
8f]Nkfsf k|To]s ufp“x?df >d / ;'/Iff lbg Jo:t /x]sf] 5 . Knf6'g sld;f/
s= j;Gtsf cg';f/ 8f]Nkfsf] w/ftnLo oyfy{ a'lem/x]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gf 8f]NkfnL
hgtf;“u} >ddf 5 . ljsf; lgdf{0fdf 5 . pgsf] jt{dfg cGof}naf/] syg
5– pTkfbg / ljsf;df nfu]sf hgd'lQm ;]gfnffO{ sf7df8f}+sf] cGwf] ;sf/ of] jf
Tof] cf/f]k nufP/ ;do sf6\5 eg] lg0ff{os o'4 n8\g sf7df8f}+ g} k'Ug]5f}+ .