hgbafj
l;h{gf ug{ b]zJofkL lj/f]w ¥ofnL
sf7df8f}+÷
jftf{åf/f g} ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{k5{ eGg] cfdhgtfsf] rfxgfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ k'/fgf]
;Qfåf/f ul/Psf] jftf{lj/f]wL ultljlwsf] e08fkmf]/ / jftf{sf] kIfdf hgbafj ;[hgf
ug{ xfn b]zJofkL ?kdf ¥ofnLx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
o'4lj/fd ePsf] $ dlxgf lalt;Dbf klg jftf{dfkm{t\ ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug'{eGbf ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] lgb]{zgdf jftf{ nDAofpg], cfkm\gf] zlQm ;'b[9 ug]{
if8\oGqdf k'/fgf] ;Qf lqmofzLn /x“b} slxn] ;/sf/ kl/jt{g t slxn]
u}/lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ cleJolQmn] jftf{lj/f]wL ultljlw ug{ yfn]kl5 hgbafj lbg
h]7 ^ ut] sf7df8f}+df /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltåf/f hgP]Soa4tf ¥ofnL
ul/of] .
dhb'/, dlxnf, ls;fg, ljBfyL{, a'l4hLjL nufot xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfosf]
pkl:yltdf /x]sf] ;f] ljzfn ¥ofnL /Tgkfs{af6 ;'? eO{ zx/sf ljleGg :yfgx? kl/qmdf
u/L 306f3/df uO{ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] .
;efdf /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltsf cWoIf lrqaxfb'/ >]i7n]
jftf{dfkm{t\ ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g'k5{ eGg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgfcg'?k clxn] g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ jftf{sf] 6]a'ndf OdfGbf/Lk"j{s a;]sf] t/ o;/L g} jftf{nfO{
nDAofpg] / leqleq} if8\oGq ug]{ xf] eg] jftf{df a:g'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo gx'g]
atfp“b} bafj:j?k ;f] ¥ofnLsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] pNn]v ug'{eof] .
;f] ljzfn ¥ofnLnfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf kf]ln6 Ao"/f] tyf
jftf{6f]nL ;b:o s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] ;Daf]wg ub}{– …jftf{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] t/
k'/fgf] ;Qf kIfn] jftf{nfO{ gf6sdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ k|of; ul//x]sf] s'/f p;sf
ultljlwn] g} k'li6 u5{g\Ú eGg'eof] . 5n5fd / if8\oGqdf Jo:t /x]sf] k'/fgf]
;QfkIfnfO{ r'gf}lt lb+b} pxf“n] p;n] cfkm\gf] /j}ofnfO{ gabn] To;sf] kl/0ffd
3fts x'g] atfpg'eof] .
o;}u/L jftf{lj/f]wL ultljlwsf] cGTo u/L
;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ bafj:j?k kf]v/fsf] k[YjLrf]sdf oxL c;f/ *
ut] laxfg * ah] ljzfn ¥ofnL ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ¥ofnL zx/sf ljleGg 7fp“df
kl/qmdf ub}{ k[YjLrf]sdf uP/ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . ;f]
sf]0f;efnfO{ /fhg}lts hgkl/rfng ;ldlt sf:sLsf ;+of]hs ydg kl/of/n] ;Daf]wg
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L uf]/vfsf] s[i0feL/ / r/f}+bLaLrdf klg oxL * ut] xhf/f}+
hgtfsf] pkl:ylt df jftf{ bafj ;ldltn] Ps ljzfn ¥ofnL ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;f]
¥ofnLkZrft\ ePsf] sf]0f ;efnfO{ ;ldltsf ;+of]hs If]q dxtn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .
To:t} wgu9Laf6 xfd|f ;Djfbbftfn] k7fPsf] ;dfrf/cg';f/
jftf{–k|lqmofnfO{ ;fy{s kl/0ffddf abNg c;f/ * ut] ;fª\n] h'n'; / axt\
hgk|bz{gsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] .
…zflGtjftf{ ;kmn kf/f}+, ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg u/, bf];|f]
jftf{df ePsf] ;xdltsf] k"0f{ kfngf u/, cd]l/sL x:tIf]k aGb u/Ú h:tf gf/f
n]lvPsf Kn]sf8{ af]s]sf xhf/f}+ hgtf /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltåf/f cfof]lht
h'n'zdf ;xefuL ag]sf lyP .
o;}aLr hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltn] /f]Nkfsf ;'nLrf}/, xf]n]/L, v'ª\u|L
nufotsf :yfgx?df c;f/ * ut] Jofks hgbafj;lxtsf k|bz{gx? ;DkGg u/]sf] s'/f k|fKt
;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ / pRr dfljaLrsf] jftf{ ljkmn
sf7df8f}+÷ljleGg z}lIfs
/ cGo dfux?;lxt cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf] clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ / pRr df=lj=aLr ;f]daf/
ck/fGx ePsf] jftf{ c;kmn ePsf] 5 . pRr df=lj= lzIff kl/ifbsf lgb]{zs
/fdaxfb'/ v8\sf;lxtsf] tLg hgfsf] 6f]nL / clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf ;lrj lxdfn
zdf{;lxtsf] $ hgfsf] 6f]nLaLr ePsf] jftf{ hg:t/af6 vf]lnPsf pRr df=lj=df
;/sf/n] k"0f{ ?kdf nufgL ug'{kg]{ dfudf ;xdlt x'g g;s]kl5 ljkmn ePsf]
qmflGtsf/Lsf ;lrj lxdfn zdf{n] atfpg'eof] .
zdf{n] cGo dfux?df l;4fGttM ;xdt eP klg hg:t/af6 vf]lnPsf pRr df=lj=df
k"0f{ nufgLsf] ljifodf lzIff dGqfno / of]hgf cfof]udf 5nkmn ug'{kg]{ /
laxLaf/ a}7s af]nfpg] atfp“b} laxLaf/;Dd cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx? 3f]if0ff gug{
;/sf/L jftf{6f]nLn] atfPsf] hgfpg'eof] . ;fy} pxf“n] s'g} klg pRr df=lj=df
xfn;Dd egf{ lnPsf] hfgsf/L gcfPsf] atfp“b} s'g} pRr df=lj=n] egf{ lnPdf ;+:yf
:jod\ g} lhDd]jf/ x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ n] dfWolds tx;Dd lgMz'Ns ug]{
;Demf}tfnfO{ ;/sf/L clwsf/Ln] ;ft ljBfyL{sf] cf8df pN6\ofpg u/]sf] k|of;
xf“:of:kb atfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ n] k"j{ lzIff ;lrj
ho/fd lu/Lsf] ;+o]hsTjdf ul7t ;+:yfut ljBfno ;'wf/ / ;'emfj cfof]un] ;j{hlgs
u/]sf] k|ltj]bg cfh sf7df8f}+df hnfpg] ePsf] 5 .
cfOtaf/ /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht ;Djfbbftfx?;“usf] ;fIffTsf/ sfo{qmddf
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf ;lrj lxdfn zdf{n] ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf !# ;"qLo dfu
k"/f ePdf ;d:ofsf] tTsfn ;dfwfg x'g] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] /fHo
k|0ffnL g} v/fa ePkl5 ;a} s'/f v/fa x'g] atfp“b} gof“ j}1flgs /fHok|0ffnL
lgdf{0f ePkl5 ;a} s'/f 7Ls x'g] atfpg'eof] .
cGo ;ft ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] p7fPsf dfux?k|lt ;dy{g JoQm ub}{ ;a}
ldn]/ ;+3if{sf] cf“wLa]x/L Nofpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .. clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ /
cGo ;ft ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?n] /fv]sf 5'§f5'§} ;Dk"0f{ dfux? k"/f geP;Dd
cfGbf]ng hf/L /fVg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
sfo{qmddf cleefjs ;+3sf cWoIf ;'k|eft e08f/Ln] ljBfyL{x?sf
;Dk"0f{ dfu hfoh ePsf] / bz sIff;Dd lgMz'Ns x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
cg]/f:jljo'sf cWoIf /fh]Gb| /fO{ / g]lj;+3sf cWoIf u'?/fh l3ld/]n] dfWolds
tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
ljleGg /fhg}lts sfo{qmdx?df :s"n tyf sn]hsf ljBfyL{x?sf]
;xeflutfsf af/]df ul/Psf] gsf/fTds k|rf/ e|fds / clt/~hgfk"0f{ /x]sf] clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_ sf cWoIf b]j]Gb| k/fh'nLn] ug'{eof] . lxhf] ;f“em hgfb]z;“u
s'/f ub}{ k/fh'nLn] s]xL JolQm / ;~rf/dfWodn] ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ unt /
gsf/fTds ?kdf k|rf/ ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] .
pxf“n] k'/fgf ;Qfsf zf;s / ltgsf cf;]kf;]x?n] /fhf–dxf/fhfsf
hGdf]T;j / cGo cj;/df ljBfyL{nfO{ pbL{ nufP/ k|of]u ug]{ t/ clxn] cfkm\gf
clwsf/ / ljBfyL{ xs–lxtsf af/]df ;8sdf pq]/ k|bz{g ubf{ sf]sf]xf]nf] dRrfpg]
u/]sf] atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf ;lrj lxdfn zdf{n] ;~rf/ dfWodsf]
k|rf/–k|;f/ clt/l~ht ePsf] atfp“b} ljBfyL{x? cu|udgsf afxs ePsf]n] g} ;8sdf
cfPsf x'g\ eGg'eof] . b]zdf gof“ /fHok|0ffnL :yfkgf ug]{ cleef/f o'jf
ljBfyL{x?sf] sf“wdf cfPsf]n] g} ljBfyL{x? cfGbf]ng / ;+3if{df plqPsf x'g\–
zdf{sf] yk syg 5 .
o;}u/L u'NdLaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ u'NdLn]
ljleGg !! ;"qLo dfu /fvL lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodf Ps 1fkgkq a'emfPsf]
5 . 1fkg kqdf ;/sf/ / clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ aLr ePsf % a'“b] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog
x'g'kg]{ nufotsf ljBfyL{sf dfux? k"/f x'g'kg]{ / k"/f gePdf To;af6
pTkGg x'g] kl/0ffdk|lt :jod\ lzIff sfof{no g} lhDd]jf/ x'g'kg]{ hgfPsf]
5 .
o;}aLr
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ tfKt]h'ªsf] t];|f] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;/:jtL df=lj= xfdkf¨df ut h]7
!@ / !# ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn] cfOGb|ljqmd a]3fsf] cWoIftfdf @&
;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf t]hljqmd lnDa', ;lrj
b':ofGt e§/fO{, ;x;lrj bLks l3ld/], sf]iffWoIf sdfgl;+x nfdf / @@ hgf ;b:ox?
/xg'ePsf] 5 .
To:t} clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ af“s]sf] !# cf}+ lhNnf ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ s]=;= ;lrjfno ;b:o /fdbLk cfrfo{n] dx]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk;df
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf] ;efkltTj hok|sfz rf}w/Ln] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .. zxLbx?k|lt ! ldg]6 df}gwf/0f ub}{ cf/De ePsf] ;Dd]ngdf v]dk|;fb
uf}tdn] :jfut dGtJo / gf}nf] ljxfgL hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] :jfut uLt k|:t't
u/]sf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngn] b|Ao zfxsf] cWoIftfdf @ ;b:o kl5 yk ug]{u/L !(
;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf d~h' /f]sfof, wd{ jnL,
;lrj v]dk|;fb uf}td, ;x;lrj gGb kf08], sf]iffWoIf ljqmd rf}w/L /xg'ePsf]
5 .
ptf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ /f]Nkfn] /li6«o ;Dd]ngsf] k|rf/–k|;f/ /
;xof]usf nflu hg;xof]u cleofg ;~rfng eO/x]sf] atfPsf] 5 .. ;+u7gn] aGb
ePsf] /f]Nkfsf] l;d|Ls O¨ln; af]l8{¨ :s"n k'gM ;~rfng ug{ yflnPsf]n] aGb
ug{ eg]sf] / ;f] gePdf To;af6 lg:sg] kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/ :jod\ :s"n g}
x'g] atfPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L ljut s]xL ;dob]lv cfkm\gf]
k]zfut xs–clwsf/sf] lglDt cfGbf]ng/t cf+lzs k|fWofks ;+3n] lqlj k|zf;g;“u ePsf]
;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog gePkl5 ;+3if{sf s8f sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ atfPsf] 5 .
;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k"0f{axfb'/ nfld5fg]sf cg';f/ ;+3if{sf sfo{qmddf
clglZrtsfnLg eL=;L= sfof{no 3]/fp ug]{, SofDk; :t/df rs 8fpg ug]{ nufotsf
sfo{qmdx? NofOg]5 ..
blnt d'lQm
df]rf{åf/f cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff
sf7df8f}+÷
clwsf/ljxLg agfP/ k5fl8 kfl/Psf ^) nfv blntx?nfO{ Ifltk"lt{;lxtsf] ljz]if
clwsf/ /fHon] lbg'kg]{ dfu;lxt g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{n] klxnf] r/0fsf]
cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . df]rf{n] cfOtaf/ laxfg k|wfgdGqL lgjf;d}
1fkg a'emfPkl5 kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u/L pQm s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf]
lyof] .
clwsf/ k|fKt ug]{ ;zQm dfWod dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ;}4flGts
cfwf/ ePsf] hgfp“b} kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ljtl/t jQmJodf elgPsf] 5– …;a} hflt, hghflt,
dlxnf / eflifs, If]qLo, wfld{s cNk;ª\Vos tyf blnt hg;d'bfosf] hg;+Vofsf]
cfwf/df ;d'lrt k|ltlglwTj u/fOg'kb{5 . ljz'4 …cf/If0fsf] gf/fn] dfq
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}g .Ú
df]rf{sf] jQmJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5– …dWoo'uLg ;fdGtjfbn] ;+:yfut
u/]sf j0ff{>d Joj:yfn] nfb]sf] hftLo lje]b / cdfgjLo 5'jf5't k|yfn] d'n'ssf]
rf}yf] lx:;fdf /x]sf] blnt ;d'bfonfO{ df}lns clwsf/af6 ;d]t al~rt u/]sf]
5 . cfhsf] PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] cfw'lgs o'udf klg lxGb' pRr hftLo
cx+sf/jfbdf cfwfl/t ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfn] j0f{jfbdf cfwfl/t /fhgLltåf/f To;sf]
k|ToIf jf k/f]If ?kn] ;+/If0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . t;y{ blnt ;d'bfosf]
d'lQmsf] Go"gtd\ zt{ …wd{lg/k]Iftf cfhsf] cfjZostfÚ xf] . …cGo blnt
;+3–;+u7gx?l;t klg o;} Go"gtd\ ;jfndf sfo{ut Pstf sfod u/L /fi6«JofkL ?kdf
cfGbf]ng a9fpg] xfd|f] gLlt /x]sf] 5 .Ú
df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf ltns kl/of/ / dxf;lrj k/z'/fd /Dt]nåf/f
;+o'Qm?kdf x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtdf Pg=hL=cf]=÷cfO{=Pg=hL=cf]=sf] r+u'ndf km:b} uPsf
/ oyfl:yltjfb / h8;"qjfbL ;+sL0f{tfdf km;]sfx?n] blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{
Vofp6] agfpg] sfd ul/O/x]sf] rrf{ ub}{ elgPsf] 5– …j}rfl/s–;}4flGts ;Demf}tfxLg
;+3if{ rnfp“b}, c+z / ;Dk"0f{sf] åGåfTds ;DaGwnfO{ bx«f] u/L ks8\g] tyf
cfd / ljlzi6nfO{ Ps bf];|f]sf] k"/ssf] ?kdf a'em\g] / To;sf] kl/rfng ug{
lgk'0f{ aGg'kb{5 . blnt ;d:of j0f{jfb / /x:ojfbL lrGtgn] nfb]sf] blIf0f
Pl;ofsf] ljlzi6 ;d:of xf] / o;sf] ;dfwfg klg ljlzi6 tl/sfn] ub}{ blnt d'lQm
cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfd juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngl;t hf]8\g] s'/fnfO{ ljz]if hf]8
lbg'k5{ .Ú
rf}wf}+ ztfAbLsf] dWoo'uLg ;fdGtjfbn] ;+:yfut u/]sf] hftLo lje]b
tyf 5'jf5't h:tf] cdfgjLo k|yf g]kfndf cfh;Dd sfod} /x]sf] hgfp“b} blnt d'lQm
df]rf{n] @* ;"qLo dfux? /fvL k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfnfO{ 1fkg kq
a'emfPsf] 5 . df]rf{n] cfkm\gf !* ;"qLo dfudf eg]sf] 5– …hftLo e]befj
tyf 5'jf5't k|yfnfO{ ;fdflhs ck/fw 3f]if0ff ul/of];\, g]kfnnfO{ wd{lg/k]If /fHo
3f]if0ff ul/of];\, ztfAbLof}+b]lv j0f{jfbL /fHogLltn] blntx?nfO{ cfly{s,
;fdflhs / /fhg}lts If]qdf k5fl8 kfl/Psfn] ;a} If]qdf yk ljz]if clwsf/ nfu"
ul/of];\, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ul/of];\,
o'4lj/fd / jftf{–k|lqmofnfO{ ;kmn agfpg @@ a'“b] cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
k"0f{ kfngf
ul/of];\, aGbL agfOPsf / a]kQf kfl/Psf ;Dk"0f{ /fhaGbLx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs u/L
l/xf ul/of];\, hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg agfOof];\, k|ltudg / oyfl:yltsf]
ljsNkdf cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] vf]hL ul/of];\, g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf
x'g] j}b]lzs x:tIf]k t'?Gt aGb ul/of];\, ;g\ !(%) nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ c;dfg
;lGwx? vf/]h ul/of];\, cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbL 3';k}7 t'?Gt /f]lsof];\, ;'s'Daf;L
blntx?nfO{ hUuf lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ul/of];\, blnt 5fq–5fqfx?nfO{ pRr lzIff;Dd
lgMz'Ns lzIff k|bfg ul/of];\, blnt u/La ls;fgx?nfO{ s[lif C0f ldgfxf ul/of];\,
blntx?sf] hfltut k]zf / ;LknfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f / ;+/If0f ul/of];\, j0f{jfbdf
cfwfl/t ;fdGtL–a|fDx0fjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] cGTo ul/of];\, y/–uf]qsf] cfwf/df blnt
;d'bfonfO{ gful/stf lbOof];\ / jfbL k|yf, xnL k|yf, 8f]nL k|yf / sd}of k|yfsf]
k"0f{ pGd"ng ub}{ pgLx?sf] /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]06L ul/of];\ .Ú
o;/L dfu kq a'emfp“b} g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{n] cfkm\gf] klxnf]
r/0fsf] sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . df]rf{sf cg';f/ c;f/ !) ut]b]lv !%
ut];Dd k|rf/–k|;f/, leQ]n]vg, Jofg/ cflb k|rf/sf sfo{ ul/g]5 eg] c;f/ !^ b]lv
!* ut]leqdf s]Gb|Lo :t/df, ;Defljt If]q / lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf …k|r08ky / blnt
d'lQmÚ, …PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfb / blnt d'lQmÚ / …;+ljwfg ;ef / blnt d'lQmÚ
ljifodf cGtlqm{of, ljrf/ uf]i7L cfof]hgf ul/g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 . o:t}
c;f/ @) b]lv #) ut];Dd ;ef, h'n'z k|bz{g;lxtsf] hgkl/rfng ug]{ df]rf{n] atfPsf]
5 . ;f]xL qmddf ;fpg ! ut]b]lv d;fGt;Dd e]nf, ;Dd]ng, k|lzIf0f ;DkGg ug]{
/ Tolta]nf;Dd xfd|f dfux?k|lt a]jf:tf u/]df jf bdgsf] gLlt /fHon] lnPdf bf];|f]
r/0fsf] ;zQm cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ul/g] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
cfkm\gf dfukq k|wfgdGqLnfO{ a'emfPkl5sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf df]rf{sf
cWoIf ltns kl/of/n] kqsf/x?åf/f ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm lb+b} eGg'eof]–
…klZrdf~rnsf ?s'd–/f]Nkfsf !$ ufh; 5'jf5't/lxt If]q 3f]if0ff ePsf 5g\ .Ú
pxf“n] …d'n'ssf] 5'jf5't dfq x6]/ x'“bf] /x]g5, ;f“:s[lts ?kdf g} ?kfGt/0f
x'g'kbf]{/x]5 eGg'eof] .Ú cWoIf kl/of/sf] yk syg lyof]– …cfwf/Onfsf:t/Lo
hg;Qf rn]sf 7fp“x?df krxQ/ k|ltzt j0f{ut hftLo e]befj x6]sf] 5 .Ú
o;}qmddf xfn} g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{,
aemfªsf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .. ;Dd]ngn] ! ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L
cfgGbnfn lj=s=sf] cWoIftfdf !% ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . h;df
pkfWoIf ljv{nfn lj=s=, ;lrj k|sfz kl/of/, ;x;lrj dLgaxfb'/ lj=s=, sf]iffWoIf
zflGts'df/L g]kfnL cflb /xg'ePsf] 5 .
xfd|f cfkmGthgx¿ vf]O <
g]kfnu~h÷k'/fgf] ;Qfn] k"0f{
k|hftGq / :jtGqtfsf nflu cfjfh p7fpg] w]/} g]kfnL gful/snfO{ a]kQf kfl//x]sf]
5 .. of] k'/fgf] ;/sf/sf] a]kQf kfg]{ / 9f“6\g] l;nl;nfsf] slxn] cGTo
xf]nf < cfd gful/ssf] lrGtfsf] ljifo alg/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] a]kQf kfl/Psf
gful/ssf kl/jf/hgx? cfhef]ln c;+ul7t eP klg ;+ul7t cfjfhsf] vf]hL ul//x]sf 5g\
/, cf–cfkm\gf] 7fp“af6 cfkm\gf cfkmGt vf]Hg nflu/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnu~haf6
xfd|f ;Djfbbftf ef]h/fh lqkf7Ln] k|]lift u/]sf] Ps l/kf]6{–
k'/fgf] ;/sf/n] bf];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{df u/]sf s'g} klg ;xdlt
sfof{Gjog gul/Pkl5 a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx?sf kl/jf/hgx? ;z+lst x'“b} eGg yfn]sf
5g\– …xfd|f cfkmGt v} <Ú a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf kl/jf/hgx? dfq geO{ cfd
g]kfnL hgtfsf] lbnlbdfun] elg/x]5– …;/sf/åf/f dflg;x?nfO{ lagfsf/0f kqmfp ug]{,
oftgf lbg] / a]kQf kfg]{ jf sfg'gL k|lqmoflagf u}/Goflos xTof ug]{ qmdsf]
cft+saf6 b]z slxn] d'Qm xf]nf <Ú
)%* df3 !# ut] af“s] dxfb]jk'/af6 ;z:q k|x/Låf/f lu/km\tf/
ul/Psf /fdk|;fb kf]v/]nnfO{ ;/sf/n] clxn];Dd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g . a]kQf
kfl/Psf kf]v/]n sf]xnk'/ ahf/ ;'wf/ ;ldltsf ;lrj x'g\, nfO{ ;/sf/n] a]kQf
kf/]kl5 >LdtL rGb|snf ;'j]bLn] lhNnfsf ;'/Iff lgsfo / dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?;“u
e]l6;Sg'eof] . …t/ klg kQf] nfu]sf] 5}gÚ pxf“sf] egfO 5 .
a]kQf kfl/Psf /fdk|;fb kf]v/]nsf b'O{ 5f]/L, Ps 5f]/f 5g\ .
tL slnnf aRrf–aRrLn] afafsf] af/]df ;f]w]sf x/]s k|Zgdf >LdtL rGb|snf ;'j]bL
eGg'x'G5– …s'g} lbg ltd|f afaf cfpg'x'g]5Ú egL ;Demfp“5' . pxf“ ;f;' lnP/
lhNnfe/sf ;'/Iff lgsfo ;Da4 ;+:yfx?df uP/ vf]hL ubf{sf] cg'ej ;'gfp“b}
eGg'x'G5– …lr;fkfgL Aof/]ssf SofK6]g /d]z :jf“/n] t]/f] kf]O dl/;Sof], ca nfz
xf]Og kmf]6f] 3/d} kfpg]Ú5];\Ú eGof] . d]h/ clht yfkfn] Tof] gfd
u/]sf] dfG5] g}
lu/km\tf/ u/]sf 5}gf}+ eGof] . ;dz]/u~hsf] aflxgLdf …otf 5, ptf 5Ú eGb}
lgs} cNdNofpg] sfd u/] .. h;/L klg dfgl;s kL8f yKg] sfd ePsf] 5 .Ú
;+s6sfn nfu]kl5 >Ldfg\ /fdk|;fb kf]v/]nsf] clkm;df /x]sf]
kL=;L=cf]= zfxL ;]gfåf/f hkmt ul/of] eg] 3/df #÷$ rf]6L 5fkf dfl/of] .
To;f] t clxn] sf7df8f}+sf] ;/sf/n] lhGbuLe/ oftgf lbg] u/L cfkm\gf]
>LdfgnfO{ a]kQf kf/]kl5 3/ lnnfd ug{ cf“6]sf] / 3/df /x]sL &) jifL{of
cfdf d'lQmdfof kf]v/]n klg lj/lQmP/ b]j3f6lt/ uPsf] s'/f >LdtL ;'j]bLn] atfpg'eof] .
>LdtL rGb|snf ;'j]bLsf] h:t} kL8f sf]xnk'/sf ;j{;fwf/0f
b]jLk|;fb clwsf/LsL >LdtL lbns'df/L clwsf/Lsf] 5 . s'v'/f kfng u/L
k|]m; xfp; rnfO{ a;]sf clwsf/LnfO{ )%( a}zfv !$ ut] laxfg lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5
a]kQf kfl/Psf] xf] .. >LdtL lbns'df/L clwsf/L cfkm\gf] >LdfgnfO{
a]kQf kf/]sf], cfkm"nfO{ efG;fdf vfgf vfO/x]sf] a]nf n5f/k5f/ u/]sf] s'/f
;Dem“b} eGg'x'G5– …klxn]–klxn] sflnsf]6, /f]Nkf, ?s'dsf dfG5] s;/L a]kQf
kfl/G5g\ eGg] nfUYof] .. clxn] oxL+ To:tf] ePkl5 5n{¨ eof] ls xTof/f
Ajf“;fx? ufp“af6 zx/ k;]5g\ .Ú
To:t} o'4lj/fd x'g'eGbf # lbg cl3 nlntk'/af6 lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf
eQmk'/sf s[i0fxl/ ;}+h'sf kl/jf/x?sf] kL8f emg\ bb{gfs 5 . pxf“sL
hLjg;ª\uL /]z' >]i7 kL8f JoQm ub}{ eGg'x'G5– …k'ln;x? 3/df cfO{ a"9L
cfdfnfO{ nu]/ vfnL sfuhdf ;xL u/fP t/ 5f]8]gg\ . To;kl5 emg\ a]kQf
kf¥of] .Ú r}q !* ut] cfO{=;L=cf/=;L=dfkm{t\ cfkm\gf kltn] n]v]sf] Ps kq
kfPsf] klg atfpg'eof] . pxf“ eGg'xG5– …kq l6lrª xl:k6naf6 n]lvPsf] / #
x/km dfq pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] .Ú
To:t} eQmk'/ 3vf{– !# sf gf/fo0feQm TjOgf cfkm\gf] 5f]/fsf] vf]hLdf
dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?, cbfnt / kqklqsfsf sfof{nox?df wfp“bfwfp“bf yfls;s]sf] t/
clxn];Dd st} ge]6]sf] eGb} b'Mv JoQm ug'{x'G5 . dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?k|lt
u'gf;f] JoQm ub}{ pxf“ eGg'x'G5– …pgLx? hgtfnfO{ 7u]/ vfg] 7u dfq x'g\ Sof/] †Ú
eQmk'/s} ;Togf/fo0f k|hfkltnfO{ )%( h]7 !# ut] ;f“v'l:yt cfkm\gf] k;ndf
al;/x]sf] a]nf zfxL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/L xfn;Dd klg a]kQf kfl/Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L l;Gw'kfNrf]s, ;f“ufrf]s– $ sf ljzfn nfdfsL hLjg;fyL
d]g'sf nfdf ;/sf/k|lt 3[0ff JoQm ub}{ a]kQf kfl/Psfx?sf] l:ylt s] 5 :ki6 ug'{kg]{
dfu ug'{x'G5 . pxf“ dfl/Psf] eP klg elglbP a? cfkm"x? dfgl;s åGå af6
d'Qm x'g] atfpg'x'G5 . ljzfn nfdfnfO{ )%( a}zfv !( ut] ;fgf]l7dLaf6
k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof] . pxf“;“u} wL/h /fgf du/nfO{ klg k|x/Ln]
;dft]sf] lyof] .
eQmk'/sf /fduf]kfn ljzª\v]nfO{ ;ª\s6sfnd} ;/sf/L ;]gfn] uf]nL
xfgL xTof u¥of] . xTofkl5 pxf“sL hLjg;fyL b'uf{ ljzª\v] cfkm"df
abnfefj hfu]sf] atfpg'x'G5 / cfjZos k/] s'g} klg a]nf cfkm"x? aGb's p7fpg
tof/ ePsf] atfpg'x'G5 .. To:t} eQmk'/s} u+uf/fd >]i7nfO{ )%* r}q !) ut]
laxfg 3/af6} ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/L xfn;Dd a]kQf kf/]sf] 5 . pxf“sL cfdf
OGb|s]z/L >]i7 ;]gfn] k6sk6s 3/df 5fkf df/]/ b'Mv lbPsf]df kL8f JoQm
ug'{x'G5 . >]i7 df]6/ Uof/]hdf sfd ug]{ dhb'/ x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“sL
cfdf ;"o{ljgfos Aof/]sdf vf]Hg hf“bf 5f]/f u+uf/fdnfO{ Aof/]sleq k§L
af“w]/ /fv]sf] b]v]sf] t/ ;]gfn] cfkm"nfO{ Hofb} ceb| Jojxf/ u/]sf] /
ckzAb af]Nb} ws]n]/ k7fPsf] atfpg'x'G5 .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ eQmk'/sf
e"k" cWoIf kf]v//fh a'9fyf]sL, lhNnf ;b:o 7fs'/k|;fb nfld5fg]nfO{ klg
;/sf/n] cem};Dd o;}u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] 5 . o;}aLr ;ª\s6sfn nfu]s} ef]lnkN6
lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ;Kt/L lhNnf ;b:o ljgf]bs'df/ ;fx xfn;Dd klg
a]kQf 5g\ . ;Kt/Lsf] g]u|faf6 kqmfp k/]sf ljBfyL{ g]tf ;fxsf] l:ylt
;fj{hlgs ug{ pgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? / clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ;Kt/Ln] dfu u/]sf]
5 .
g]kfnnfO{ xltof/ a]Rg] s73/fdf
sf7df8f}+÷ljZjel/ Psw|'jLo
bfbflu/L ;~rfng ul//x]sf] cd]l/sfn] ca O/fsdf cfkm\gf] ;}lgs Iflt sd ug{ /
O/fsL hgtfdflysf] Hofbltdf ljZjsf cGo d'n'snfO{ ;d]t d'5\g tL b]zaf6 ;}Go
;xof]u dfUg ;'? u/]sf] 5 .
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] cfx\jfgdf
Tof] ;}Go ;xof]u dflug] eP klg ljZje/sf sltko b]zx?n] cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] v6gk6gdf
rNg'kg]{ ePsfn] Toxf“ cfkm\gf] b]zsf ;]gf gk7fpg] atfPsf 5g\ . vf;u/L
cd]l/sfn] O/fsdfly cfqmd0f u/L O/fsL zx/x?nfO{ Wj:t agfP klg O/fsL hgtfn] Toxf“
cd]l/sflj?4 k|lt/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sfn] Wj:t O/fssf] k'glgdf{0fsf
nflu ljZjsf ljleGg b]zaf6 ;}lgs ;xfotf k'¥ofpg] eg] klg ;}lgs ;xof]u dfluPsf
s]xL b]zx?n] …Wj:t agfpg] cd]l/sf / lgdf{0fsf gfddf O/fsL hgtfdfly k'gM ;}lgs
bdg ug]{ cnf]slk|o sfd cfkm"x?nfO{ ug{ nufOg]Ú cfzª\sf ub}{ c:jLsf/ ug{
yfn]sf 5g\ . ef/tdf o:tf] ax;
;'? ePsf] 5 . ef/tLo a'l4hLjLx?n] cd]l/sL sdf08df O/fsL hgtflj?4
kl/rflnt ePdf cfkm\gf] b]zsf] k|lti7f u'Dg] ljrf/ JoQm ul//x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnaf6 klg O/fsdf zflGt
;]gfsf ?kdf ;}lgs ;xfotf dfluPsf] rrf{ rln/x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sL a'z k|zf;gn]
g]kfnaf6 ;}lgs ;xfotf dfu]sf] h:tf] u/]/ g]kfnL zf;sx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] v6gk6gdf
;~rfng ug{ ;'? ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . s]xL /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx? eG5g\– …cd]l/sfn]
g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ ca cfkm\gf] OR5fcg';f/ ;~rfng ug{ yfln;s]sf] 5 .Ú g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf jl/i7 kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o s= /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -jfbn_n] eGg'eof]–
…cd]l/sfn] cfkm\gf] zfxL–cd]l/sL ;]gfnfO{ rfx]sf] :yfgdf nfg] g} eof] .
cflv/ Toxf“ klg O/fsL hgtfsf] bdg / xTof ug{ g} nfg] xf], o;df xfd|f] lj/f]w
x'G5 .Ú
s]xL lbg otf zfxL g]kfnL
;]gfn] cd]l/sfaf6 tLg xhf/ yfg cTofw'lgs cd]l/sL xltof/ leq\ofPsf] 5 . /,
tL xltof/ g]kfnsf ljleGg ;}lgs 5fpgLx?df ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfn]
o;nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoldt ;}Go ;'b[9Ls/0f eg] tfklg clxn]sf] o'4lj/fdsf ;dodf
u[xo'4nfO{ rsf{pg] p2]Zon] tL xltof/ leq\ofPsf] ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
s'g} klg b]zsf] ;}Go uf]Kotf
ljb]zL /fi6«n] hfgsf/L /fVg' Tof] b]zsf nflu vt/fsf] s'/f x'G5 . cyf{t\
Toxf“ /fli6«otfsf] ;f“rf] cs}{sf xftdf k'lu;s]sf] x'G5 . k'/fgf]
/fHo;Qfsf] ;]gfsf] k|lzIfs, xftxltof/ cfk"lt{stf{ / ;}lgs /0fgLltsf/
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb /x“b} cfPsfn] k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfaf6 g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf hf]lug]
cfzf ca s;}n] ug{ g;lsg] /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx?sf] /fo /x]sf] 5 .
ptf ut ;ª\s6sfnsf ;dodf
tTsfnLg b]pjf ;/sf/dfkm{t\ g]kfnnfO{ s/f]8f}+sf cTofw'lgs xltof/ a]Rg]
ljifonfO{ cg'df]bg ug]{ a]lNhodsf ljb]zdGqL n'O;] ldz]nnfO{ Toxf“sf] ljkIfL
kf6L{ km\n]ld; g]zgfln:6n] dfgjflwsf/;DaGwL uDeL/ ck/fw u/]sf] eGb} sfg'gsf]
s73/fdf pEofpg] atfPsf] 5 .
;f]
kf6L{sf k|jQmf jf6{ 8L j]e/n] ut z'qmaf/ cGt/f{li6«o ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fpg'eP cg';f/ a]lNhodsf ljb]zdGqL n'O;] ld;]nn] g} sdhf]/ / cNkljsl;t b]zsf
;/sf/x?nfO{ cTofw'lgs xltof/ ljqmL gug]{ dfgjclwsf/ sfg'g lgdf{0f u/]sf
lyP .. ToxL sfg'gnfO{ pNnª\3g ub}{ a]lNhodn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ hgbdg ug{ %
xhf/ % ;o yfg cTofw'lgs :jrflnt /fOkmn laqmL u/]sf] lyof] . To;nfO{
Tolta]n} klg a]lNhodsf /fhgLlts bnx?, dfgjclwsf/jfbLx? / oxf“;Dd ls Ps hgf
dGqLn] ;d]t g]kfnL hgtflj?4sf] ck/fw eGb} lj/f]w hgfPsf lyP . a]lNhodsL
tTsfnLg dGqL DofUbf cNa|fO6n] /fhLgfdf lbP/ lj/f]wdf pqg'ePsf] lyof] . xfn
a]lNhodsf hgkIfLo /fhgLlts bnx? / dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?n] cd]l/sL /fi6«klt a'z,
O/fsL k"j{ zf;s ;2fd x';]g nufotnfO{ dfgjtflj?4sf ck/fwL 7x/ u/]sf 5g\ /,
pgLx?nfO{ Gofosf] s73/fdf pEofpg'kg]{ /fo JoQm ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] cf8–e/f];f /
;xof]udf g]kfnL hgtfdfly cWofw'lgs xltof/x?sf] k|of]u ub}{ cfdg/;+xf/ dRrfpg] /
u[xo'4 rsf{pg] g]kfnL zf;sx?lj?4 klg cGt/f{li6«o cbfntx?df o:tf d'2fx? bfo/ ug{
;lsg] ko{j]Ifsx?sf] /fo /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnnfO{ cTofw'lgs xltof/ pknAw u/fP/
g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfd g/;+xf/ dRrfpg] ljb]zL zf;sx?nfO{ ljZel/sf Gofok|]dL hgtfn]
hgcbfntdf pEofpg'kg]{ /fo ko{j]Ifsx?sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf]
k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ cTofw'lgs xltof/ pknAw u/fpg] ;fd|fHojfbL zf;sx?sf lj?4
ljZjhut\ Ps eO/x]sf] a]nf a]lNhodsf ljb]zdGqLnfO{ dfgjflwsf/ ck/fw;DaGwL d'2f
nufpg] tof/L x'g' kSs} klg ;sf/fTds ;ª\s]t xf] . o;af6 slDtdf klg g]kfnL
hgtflj/f]wL ljb]zL zf;sx?nfO{ Psk|sf/sf] g}lts bafj k'Ug]5 . ut jif{x?df
klg g]kfnL zf;sn] g]kfndf k|hftGq / g]kfnL gful/ssf] df}lns clwsf/lj?4 tL
cTofw'lgs xltof/ k|of]u ul//x]sfn] g]kfnnfO{ ;}Go ;xof]u / ;}Go ;fdu|L ljqmL
gug{ cGt/f{li6«o :t/df bafj ;[hgf ePsf] lyof] . ;}Go ;xof]usf] emf]nL
yfKb} ljleGg b]zdf k'u]sf tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL b]pjfnfO{ tL b]zx?df lj/f]w
hgfOPsf] lyof] . ljz]if u/L k|]; / dfgjflwsf/jfbLx?n] b]pjfsf] v'n]/}
lj/f]w u/]sf lyP .
tfdfª df]rf{sf] /fli6«o
clwj]zg ;'?
sf7df8f}+ ÷ju{ ;+3if{s} d}bfgdf )%%
d+l;/ % ut] hGd eO{ tfdfªx?sf] hftLo :jfoQtf / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] lglDt
lg/Gt/ n8fO“ nl8/x]sf] tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] k|yd clwj]zg pkTosf glhs}sf]
tfdfª :jfoQ If]qdf cfhb]lv eJo ?kdf ;'? x'“b}5 .
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kynfO{
cfkm\gf] dfu{lgb]{zs l;4fGt dfGb} cfPsf] ;f] df]rf{ ljzfn u|fdL0f If]qdf
pbLodfg gof“ ;Qfdf ;xefuL ePsf] dfq 5}g gof“ ;Qfsf] g]t[Tj klg ul//x]sf]
5 .
clwj]zgsf] k"j{;GWofdf hgfb]z;“u
s'/f ub}{ tf/fd'df]sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf u+ufaxfb'/ tfdfªn] …jftf{df dfcf]jfbL kf6L{
cToGt} nlrnf] / uDeL/tfsf ;fy cfp“bf klg k'/fgf] ;Qfn] jftf{sf] jftfj/0f agfpg'
eGbf ljyf]Ng] if8\oGqx? ul//x]sfn] jftf{nfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf;;Dd k'¥ofpg clwj]zgn]
bafj ;[hgf ug]{5Ú eGg'eof] . jt{dfg ;+s6sf] lgsf; uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d
;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efåf/f dfq x'g] ePsfn] To;sf] kIfdf klg clwj]zgn] Jofks hgbafj
;[li6 ug]{ s'/fdf pxf“n] hf]8 lbg'eof] .
s'/fsfgLsf] qmddf cWoIf
tfdfªn] jt{dfg hl6n kl/l:yltdf tfdfªx?nfO{ gof“ / pRr ljrf/sf] g]t[Tjn] dfq
dfly p7fpg ;Sg] :ki6 kfb}{ clwj]zgaf6 gof“ vfnsf] k|lt/f]wsf nflu of]hgfx?
lgdf{0f ul/g] klg atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] cufl8 yKg'eof], …@! cf}+
ztfAbLsf] pRr ljrf/ dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyn] dfq hftLo ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg
ug{ ;S5 / To;}df Psfsf/ eP/ cufl8 a9] dfq tfdfª hfltx?sf] d'lQm ;Dej 5 .Ú
tfdfªx? /fHo;Qf afx]s ;a} s'/f e|d xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{5g\ eGb}
juL{o d'lQm geP;Dd hftLo d'lQm x'g g;Sg] s'/f klg pxf“n] :ki6 kfg'{eof] .
b]zdf /x]sf ljleGg hftLo,
wfld{s, eflifs, ;f“:s[lts / ;f+u7lgs zlQmx?;“u klg hftLo :jfoQtf /
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf nflu sfo{ut Pstf / ;xsfo{ ug{ ;lsg] pNn]v ub}{ pxf“n]
OdfGbf/ / uDeL/tfsf ;fy cfPdf hftLo :jfoQtf / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/nflu hf];“u
klg Ps eP/ ;xsfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg'eof] . /fhwfgLsf] jl/kl/ / To;aflx/sf]
3]/fdf a;f]af; ug]{ tfdfª hfltn] cfufdL lg0ff{os n8fO“df 7"nf] e"ldsf
v]Ng] s'/fdf cfkm" ljZj:t /x]sf] s'/f klg JoQm ug'{eof] .. hgo'4df
;fd]n ePkl5 tfdfªx?df Jofks /fhgLlts r]tgf hfu[t ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] ca
/fhgLlts k|lt/f]wåf/f g} cfkm\gf clwsf/x? k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] r]tgf klg a9]sf]
kfOG5 .
c;f/
!) / !! ut] b'O{ lbg;Dd cfof]hgf x'g] df]rf{sf] clwj]zgdf d'n'ssf tfdfªafx'No
ljleGg lhNnfaf6 cf7 ;o k|ltlglw / ko{j]Ifsx? pkl:yt x'g] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
xfn ;f] df]rf{sf @@ j6f lhNnfdf lhNnf sfo{;ldltx? /x]sf 5g\ .
:jf:Yo lzlj/sf gfddf cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3g
sf7df8f}+÷
slyt gful/s ;b\efjgf cleofg lnP/ dWo tyf ;'b"/klZrdsf ljleGg u|fdL0f
Onfsfx?sf ufp“ hah{:t sAhf ub}{ k|j]z u/]sf] ;of}+sf] xltof/wf/L b:tf;lxtsf]
;]gfnfO{ lgMz:q u|fdL0f hgtfn] zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf k|lt/f]w u/]sf 5g\ .
t/ zfxL ;]gf hah{:tL u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ pQ]lht kfb}{ / aGb's ;f]em\ofp“b}
l;6fdf]n af“8\g] cleofgdf nfu]sf] 5 .
;/sf/–dfcf]jfbLaLr ut kmfu'g
@( ut] x:tfIf/ eO{ nfu" ul/Psf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] a'“bf g+= $ df pNn]lvt
…Pscsf{ kIfnfO{ ;+j]bgzLn If]qdf pQ]lht kfg]{ ultljlw gug]{Ú eGg] s'/fsf]
ljk/Lt ljb|f]xLx?sf cfwf/ If]qx?df cTofw'lgs xltof/ / sDAof6 kf]zfs;lxt
;of}+sf] ;ª\Vofdf ;]gf k|j]z ub}{ ;f] sf] pNn+3g u/]sf] 5 .
cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3gsf] kl5Nnf]
lgs[i6 gd"gf k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ;f]daf/ aemf¨sf] lv/ft8L ufh;sf] jLhuf8 eGg]
7fp“df k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 . Toxf“ :jf:Yo lzlj/ rnfpg] gfp“df k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
;]gfn] :yfgLo lgMz:q hgtfdfly cft+s dRrfPsf] 5 .. pQm Onfsfdf cfOtaf/
;f“emb]lv 3]/faGbL u/]sf] 5 . Toxf“sf] xf6ahf/df cfOtaf/ ;f“em :yfgLo hgtfn]
…slyt :jf:Yo lzlj/ rflx+b}g, jftf{ ef“8\g kfO“b}gÚ eGb} dzfn h'n'z ;lxt
gf/fjfhL u/]sf 5g\ .
hgfb]znfO{ k|fKt csf]{
;dfrf/cg';f/ h]7 $ ut] hfh/sf]6sf] 8f“8fufp“– $ 5]/sfdf zfxL ;]gfåf/f k|fof]lht
eL8Gtsf] gfddf ;j{;fwf/0f k"0f{axfb'/ lu/L;lxt * hgfsf] xTof u/]sf]
5 . k'/fgf] ;QfkIfaf6 k|;fl/t of] ;dfrf/af/] klZrdf~rn dfcf]jfbL
;"qn] eg]sf] 5–…of] gSsnL eL8Gtsf] k|rf/ em'§f] xf] . ;dfrf/df
cfw'lgs xltof/ lnP/ af/]sf]6 If]qdf hf“b} u/]sf zfxL ;]gfnfO{ :yfgLo ufp“
hg;ldltn] lgod ldRb} cufl8 ga9\g cg'/f]w ubf{ub}{ klg hah{:tL cufl8 a9\b} ;f]
36gf 36fPsf] 5 .Ú pQm ;"q cufl8 eG5– …To;}nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ cGwfw'Gb
uf]nL j;ff{Psf zfxL ;]gfn] % 306f nfdf] eL8Gt eg]sf / ;f], eL8Gtdf dfcf]jfbL
;xfos sdf08/;lxt * hgf dfl/Psf] eg]/ ul/Psf] k|rf/ k|fof]lht xNnf / b'ik|rf/
dfq xf] .Ú
;"qsf] bfaL 5 …jL/ bn
u'Nd, hfh/sf]sf ;]gfgL lg/~hgs'df/ >]i7sf] g]t[Tjdf uPsf] slyt ;b\efj
6f]nLn] hgtfaf6 tLa| 3[0ff kfPkl5 pQ]lht eP/ :yfgLo ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf df/]sf]
x'g;S5 . t/ clxn];Dd s'nf] vlg/x]sf] cj:yfdf k"0f{axfb'/ lu/L dfl/Psf]
eGg] s'/f k'li6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .Ú
sflnsf]6af6 hgfb]z ;Djfbbftf
lxtdfg yfkfn] k|]lift u/]sf] ;dfrf/cg';f/ oxL c;f/ # / $ ut] lhNnfsf sf]6jf8f /
d'd|fdf zfxL ;]gfåf/f hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg]{ u/L cfw'lgs xftxltof/ k|bz{g ubf{
:yfgLo hgtfn] …klxn] zflGt x'g'k¥of] To;kl5 cf}iflw u/f}+nfÚ eg]/ ;f] lzlj/
alxisf/ u/]sf lyP . hgtfsf] pQm alxisf/af6 nlHht ePsf] zfxL ;]gfsf]
6f]nLn] :yfgLo
hgtfnfO{ s'6lk6 ub}{ cft+s dRrfPsf] s'/f ;dfrf/df pNn]v 5 .
o:t} lxhf] ;f]daf/ afh'/fsf]
sf]N6L, huGgfy, kf08';]g Pl/ofdf slyt :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng ug]{ lgx'“df zfxL
;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] u:tL ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfn] Toxf“ af6f] lx+8\bf klg
gful/stf clgjfo{ ?kddf af]Sg'kg]{ atfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .. ;+s6sfndf lbgx'“
xTof–cft+s dRrfpg] zfxL ;]gflj?4 pQm Pl/ofdf hgk|bz{g x'g] ePsf] ;dfrf/
5 . lgMz:q hgtfnfO{ sAhfdf lnO{ a]kQf kfg]{ cleofgs} ?kdf :jf:Yo lzlj/sf]
gfp“df To; If]qdf ;]gf k'u]sf] :yfgLo hgtf atfp“5g\ .
To;}qmddf xfn} h'Dnfsf]
xf6l;+hfdf k'u]sf] zfxL ;]gfsf] :jf:Yo 6f]nLsf] :yfgLo hgtfn] tLa| cfnf]rgf
u/]sf 5g\ .. xf6l;+hfdf k'u]sf] pQm 6f]nLn] sxL+ gePsf] hfqf b]vfPsf] eGb}
hgtf eG5g\– …xfd|f] skfnsf] /f}+ sf6\of], cf}ifwL ljt/0f u/fof], gful/stf agfpg
afWo kf¥of], of] s]an ;:tf] nf]slk|otf sdfpg] rfn xf] .Ú To;f] t l;+hf
If]qsf hgtfn] ;+s6sfnsf cfnf 3fpx? e'n]sf 5}gg\ .
o;/L g} d'u'sf] ;]/Ldf klg
ljutsf] ;fd"lxs xTofsf08sf] zf]s gljl;{+b} zfxL ;]gfn] ufp“ 3]/f xfnL
:jf:Yo lzlj/ rnfPsf] 5 . pQm lzlj/df of] ufp“af6 dfcf]jfbL slt ePsf 5g\
< sf]–sf] x'g\ < / pgLx? sxf“ a:5g\, e]6\g'5 eGb} :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ leqL
?kdf 3';k}7 ug]{ k|of; u/]sfn] d'u'sf ufp“x? cft+lst x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .
To:t} 8f]Nkfsf] h'kmfndf klg
zfxL ;]gfsf] …:jf:YoÚ 6f]nL k'u]sf] 5 . h'kmfnsf hgtfnfO{ vfB l8kf]
/fV5f}+, cf}ifwL pkrf/ u5f}{+ eg]/ zfxL ;]gfn] em'§f k|nf]eg b]vfP klg :yfgLo
hgtf zfxL ;]gfsf] u'lnof] gf/fleqsf] if8\oGq a'em\g yfn]sf] s'/f /fdaxfb'/
g]kfnL atfp“5g\ .
b}n]vaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/
ejfgL aS; u0fn] lhNnfsf pQ/k"jL{ e]ssf aL;tf/f / gf}d'n]df klg slyt :jf:y
;]jfsf] gfddf hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg]{ u/]sf] :yfgLo hgtfn] atfPsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L b]zsf ljleGg :yfgx?df
Jofks vfgtnf;L / lu/km\tf/L ug]{ klqmofnfO{ ;]gfn] tLa| kf/]sf] 5 .
o;}qmddf s}nfnL lhNnfsf] x;'lnofaf6 # hgf, /tgk'/af6 @ hgf, ehgLaf6 @ hgf /
wgu9L ahf/af6 ! hgf u/L * hgfeGbf a9L dfcf]jfbLk|lt cf:yf /fVg] hgtfnfO{ zfxL
;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/]/ cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{ 7f8} r'gf}lt lbPsf] 5 .. ;f]xL qmddf
cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ 8f]6L lhNnfsL cWoIf b]jL;/f af]xf]/f, zflGt / uf]s'nnfO{
c;f/ ^ ut] zfxL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
o;/L g} l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf]
rf}tf/faf6 ljBfyL{sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] k|rf/–k|;f/df h'l6/x]sf] a]nf lhNnf
;ldltsf ;x;lrj /fhs'df/ lu/L / OsfO ;b:o ls/0f lj=s=nfO{ zfxL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/
u/L dfgl;s oftgf lbPsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
o;/L
g} nfxfgdf ljBfyL{ sfo{stf{ lzj a:g]tnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . To:t}
sfe|]sf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ c~h' / a'l4nfO{ klg lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] ;dfrf/
5 . sf:sLdf klg zfxL ;]gfsf] ;z:q b:tf ufp“–ufp“df 3'Db} hgtfnfO{
t;f{O/x]sf] ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
a'l4hLjLx¿ ;+ljwfg ;efdf Psdt
eQmk'/÷g]kfn /fli6«o
a'l4hLjL ;+u7g eQmk'/sf] t];|f] lhNnf ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmd …zflGt jftf{sf
;Defjgf / r'gf}ltx?Ú ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd;lxt cfOtaf/ ;DkGg eof] .
eQmk'/sf] c/lgsf] ejgdf cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmddf a'l4hLjLx?n] jftf{af6 cu|ufdL
lgsf; lgsfNg / hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d agfpg ;+ljwfg ;ef cfjZos ePsf] wf/0ff JoQm u/] .
;f] sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly tyf
g]/fa' ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf k|tfk jGtn] b]zL–ljb]zL tŒjx?n] hgtfsf] zflGtsf]
rfxgfdfly s'Nr“b} jftf{ ef“8\g nflu/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfd a'l4hLjLx?sf] e"ldsf
/ bafjsf] cfjZostf ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] ;j{xf/fju{n] dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{nfO{ / ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmn] b/af/nfO{ lgb]{lzt ul//x]sf] atfp“b} hgtfn]
;fd|fHojfb / ;fdGtjfbsf if8\oGq / e|dnfO{ lrb}{ cufl8 a9\b}5g\ eGg'eof] .
sfo{qmdsf csf{ cltly tyf
/fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs lrqaxfb'/ >]i7n] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{
Pstf / k|hftGqsf] ;Gb]z af]s]/ jftf{df cfPsf] pNn]v ub}{ …xfdL jf:tljs cy{sf]
hgtfsf] x's'd rNg] k|hftGq rfxG5f}+Ú eGg'eof] . sfo{qmddf :jfut efif0f
ub}{ cfof]hs ;ldltsf ;b:o k"0f{axfb'/ nfld5fg]n] jftf{nfO{ tfls{s
lgisif{df k'¥ofpg a'l4hLjLx?sf] cxd\ e"ldsf ePsf]n] cfd a'l4hLjLx?nfO{
ax;df ptfg{ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] .
;f]xL cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf
af]Nb} k|f= dx]Zj/dfg >]i7n] ;a}n] hgtfnfO{ ;jf]{Rr zlQm dfG5g\ eg] hgtfnfO{
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ lbOg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . pxf“n] ljb]zL vt/faf6 b]z
hf]ufpg ca cfd a'l4hLjLx? s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] :jfy{ / /6fgdf gnfu]/ n8\g'kg]{
s'/f k|i6\ofpg'eof] . csf{ jQmf k|f= /fddfg >]i7n] jftf{sf] kIfdf
af]Ng]x?nfO{ ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]k nufpg] u5{ eg] casf] o'4df a'l4hLjLx?
klg kl/jt{gsf] o'4df hfg}k5{Ú eGg'eof] . pxf“n] casf] o'4 zx/x?af6 klg
3gLe"t ?kdf p7\g] atfpg'eof] . k"j{ GofofwLz df]xgdl0f bfxfnn]
k'“hLjfbLx?sf] ljsf;sf] gf/f ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] p7fp“bf Tof]
dfcf]jfbLsf] gf/f xf] eg]/ tl;{g]x?n] hgtf / b]zsf] k|ult grfx]sf]
atfpg'eof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf csf{ cltly jl/i7 hn;|f]t ljz]if1 /fd]Zj/dfg
cdfTon] jt{dfg ;/sf/ ljb]zLx?sf] lgb]{zgdf rn]sf] atfp“b} ;Dk"0f{
if8\oGqx?nfO{ lrb}{ jftf{nfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf; lbg ;a} kIfx? h'6\g'kg]{
atfpg'eof] . pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ g]kfn a'l4hLjL kl/ifb eQmk'/sf lhNnf cWoIf
gf/fo0fk|;fb gflkt, 8f= gGbLz clwsf/L, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o pQ/
/fO{ nufotsf jQmfx?n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd g]/fa';+u7g,
eQmk'/ lhNnf ;Dd]ng cfof]hs ;ldltsf ;+of]hs /fhgk|;fb kf]v/]nsf] ;efkltTj /
a'l4dfg a:g]tsf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
xªsªsf g]kfnL klg ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf
/f]hL/f]6Lsf] vf]hLdf xªsª
k'u]sf g]kfnLx? g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_n] cl3 ;f/]sf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
lgjf{rgsf] kIfdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . ljBdfg /fhgLlts t/ntfnfO{ lgsf; lbg ;+ljwfg
;ef pko'Qm ljlw ePsf] klg pgLx?n] 7x/ u/]sf 5g\ .
xªsªdf sfd ul//x]sf
g]kfnLx?sf] ;femf ;+u7g ;+o'Qm g]kfnL Pstf ;dfhn] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df klxnf]k6s
;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdfkm{t\ gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lqmofdf cufl8 hfg'
ckl/xfo{ 7fg]sf] 5 . ;f] ;+u7gåf/f ^ c;f/df sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht klxnf]
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf pQm hfgsf/L u/fPsf] xf] . …zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 dl/;s]sf]
;+ljwfg Ao'“tfpg], ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ agfpg] / ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf hfg] s'/f clxn]sf]
cj:yfdf cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lv+b}gÚ ;+u7gsf dxf;lrj r]tgfy rf}nfufO{+åf/f hf/L
k|]; lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5, …k|ltudg / cu|udgsf] bf];f“wdf plePsf] g]kfnnfO{
cu|udgsf] lbzfdf n}hfg' clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] .Ú
;+;bLo /fhgLlts kf6L{n] ;~rfng
ul//x]sf] k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] nIo :ki6 gePsf] pNn]v ub}{ lj1lKtdf
elgPsf] 5– …;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf hfgsf] lglDt cfwf/ tof/ ug{ Tof] cfGbf]ng
s]lGb|t x'g'k5{, Tof] cfGbf]ngdf dfcf]jfbL;lxtsf ;a} /fhgLlts zlQmx? ;xefuL
x'g'k5{ . To;sf nflu jftf{ / cfGbf]ngsf] nIo Pp6} x'g'k5{ .Ú
;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLn] hf/L
u/]sf] @@ a'“b] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] k"0f{ kfngf u/]/ jftf{–k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg
klg ;f] ;+u7gn] cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . cu|udgdf s]lGb|t ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngn] dfq}
jftf{nfO{ kmnbfoL agfpg ;lsg] lgisif{ klg ;f] ;+u7gn] lgsfn]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL sfdbf/dfly zf]if0f
g]kfnL
lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?n] g} g]kfnL sfdbf/dfly zf]if0f ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . Kofl;lkms
qmfpg Ol~hlgol/ª lnld6]8sf k|aGw lgb]{zs bLkss'df/ v8\sfn] ;f]xL sDkgLdf sfd
ug]{ ;fO8 Dofg]h/ s[i0faxfb'/ ln+vf /fO{sf] kfl/>lds glbPsf] rlr{t d'2fnfO{
cfkm\gf] ;+u7gn] cWoog ul//x]sf] dxf;lrj rf}nfufO{+n] atfpg'eof] .
bf]nvfsf v8\sfn] ;+v'jf;efsf ln+vfsf] em08} $% nfv xªsª 8n/ lbPsf 5}gg\ .
o:t} xªsªl:yt g]kfnL dxfjfl0fHo b"tfjf; :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} Jofks e|i6frf/df
8'a]sf] 5 . Toxf“ ePsf] e|i6frf/sf] 5fgljg u/L sfjf{xL ug{ k//fi6« dGqfno
cu|;/ x'g'kg]{ ;+u7gn] atfPsf] 5 .
;fpg % ut] lnjfª hfcf}+
lnjfª÷;+o'Qm hg;+3if{
;ldlt /fKtL–wf}nflu/Lsf ;+of]hs ;Gtf]if a'9f du/n] Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L
hg;d'bfonfO{ ;fpg % ut] zx/–;b/d'sfd hfcf}+ sfo{qmd ;kmn kfg{ ckLn ug'{ePsf]
5 . pxf“n] cfkm\gf] ;ldlt dftxt /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ df]rf{, ha; / ;Qfx?nfO{
pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;lqmotfk"j{s ;xefuL x'g / cGo ;xof]uL ;+3;+:yf, gful/s
;dfhnufotsf ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfonfO{ cg'/f]w ug'{ePsf] 5 .
pxf“n] jQmJodf /fKtL–wf}nflu/L
If]qsf ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfx?df klg cf–cfkm\gf] ;fk]Iftfdf lhNnf:t/Lo ;+o'Qm
hg;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g u/L jftf{sf nflu bafjd"ns ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? cufl8
a9fpg cg'/f]w ug'{ePsf] 5 . jQmJosf]
cGTodf pxf“n] …olt ubf{ klg k'/fgf] ;QfkIf
uDeL/ geP/ jftf{ e8\sfpg] lqmofsnfkdf nflu/x]df cfufdL lbgx?df of]
zflGtk"0f{ ;+3if{n] >[ª\vnfa4 ;+3if{sf] h'g;'s} ?k lng kg]{ afWotf
;[hgf gxf];\ eGg] r]tfjgL ;d]t oxL lj1lKtdfkm{t\ cjut u/fpg rfxG5f}+Ú eGg'ePsf]
5 .
pxf“n]
jQmJodf ljb]zL x:tIf]k / jftf{lj/f]wL if8\oGqnfO{ k/f:t u/L jftf{nfO{
kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg hgbafj ;[hgf ug]{ p2]Zon] ljleGg hftLo, If]qLo df]rf{, ha; /
gof“ ;Qf ;d]tsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf If]qLo :t/sf] hg;+3if{ ;ldlt
-/fKtL–wf}nflu/L_ u7g ul/Psf] pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 .
qmflGtsf/L dlxnfx? ;Dd]ngsf] tof/Ldf
sf7df8f}+÷ clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng
cfof]hs ;ldltsL ;+of]hs hok'/L 3tL{n] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L cfkm\gf] ;+u7g !%–!^
df x'g uO/x]sf] rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] tof/Ldf h'6]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
;fy} pxf“n] ;Dd]ng tof/Lsf qmddf ljleGg :yfgdf cfkm\gf sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/km\tf/
ul/Psf] / cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn+3g u/L jftf{–k|lqmof ef“8\g] sfo{ t'?Gt aGb ug{
dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 .
zxLb l/taxfb'/ v8\sfk|ltsf] ;Ddfg qmflGtk|ltsf] ;Ddfg
xf]
bf]nvf÷o'4sf] cf“wL hlt
a]un] rN5 ToxL cg'kftdf qmflGtsf/Ln] /utsf] sf]6f r'Qmf ug]{kg]{ o'4sf]
lgodcg';f/ l/taxfb'/ v8\sfn] alnbfg lbg'ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] kf6L{ g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] s]Gb|Lo a}7skZrft\ cfkm\gf] If]qnfO{ cem p“rfOdf p7fpg gof“
vfnsf of]hgfx? af]s]/ cfp“b} ubf{ /f}tx6sf] lkk/f ahf/df )%(÷#÷@ ut] zfxL
;]gfåf/f xTof ul/g'ePsf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= l/taxfb'/ v8\sf
-k|tfk_ sf] zxfbt ePsf] oxL c;f/ @ ut] Ps jif{ k'u]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df s=
l/taxfb'/ v8\sfsf] of]ubfgnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ bf]nvfdf Ps :d[lt;ef tyf ljrf/uf]i7L
cfof]hgf ul/of] .. pQm sfo{qmddf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_, Pdfn], g]sf,
/fk|kfsf k|ltlglwx? ;d]tsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
h'u' ufh;df )@^ ;fndf
hGdg'ePsf l/taxfb'/ v8\sf ;fg}b]lv ljb|f]xL, ;fx;L / qmflGtsf/L rt'/tf ePsf
JolQm lyP . ljleGg /fhg}lts k[i7e"ld x'“b} cGtdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
df k|j]z ug'{ePsf v8\sfnfO{ /fhg}lts lzIff lbg] OGb|axfb'/ v8\sfn] cfkm\gf]
dfg;k6ndf gd]l6g] u/L /x]sf s= l/taxfb'/ v8\sfsf] rrf{ ub}{ cfkm"n]
k|lzlIft u/]sf] JolQm cfh olt 7"nf] dfG5] ag]/ bf]nvfsf] sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngdf dfq} x}g /fli6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngd} dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbP/
uPsf]df cfkm"nfO{ uj{ nfu]sf] atfpg'eof] . ;+;f/ jL/x?sf] xf]
sfo/x?sf] xf]Og eGg] jf0fLnfO{ p4[t ub}{ e"tk"j{ ;f+;b tyf lzIfs
OGb|axfb'/ v8\sfn] efj's aGb} s= l/taxfb'/ cem} klg st} 5g\ ls eGg] nflu/xG5
eGg'eof] . /fhg}lts hLjgdf k|j]z u/]b]lv g} ljz]if vfnsf] k|ltef af]s]sf
s= l/taxfb'/ g]kfnsf] cfsfzdf ;w}+ rDsg] /ftf] tf/f aGg]5g\ eGg] cg'ej
cfkm"n] Tolta]nfdf g} u/]sf] pNn]v ug'{eof] .
To:t} uf]i7Ldf pkl:yt Pdfn]sf
k|ltlglw lzj e08f/Ln] bf]nvf lhNnfsf] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] s= l/taxfb'/ v8\sfh:tf]
JolQm hGdfPsf]df ;a}n] uj{ ug'{kg]{ atfp“b} cfkm\gf ldqnfO{ u'dfpg'kbf{ b'Mv
nfu] klg pxf“sf] zxfbtdf >4f~hnL r9fpg kfp“bf cfkm"nfO{ uj{ nflu/x]sf]
atfpg'eof] . To:t} /fk|kfsf gjLg nfdf, g]sfsf tLy{axfb'/ v8\sf / s'df/
tfdfªn] klg pxf“sf of]ubfgaf/]df rrf{ ug'{eof] . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly s=
b]zaGw'n] o'4sf] qmddf s= l/taxfb'/ v8\sf -k|tfk_nfO{ kf6L{n] u'dfpg' kbf{ Iflt
eP klg pxf“sf] zxfbtn] kf6L{nfO{ sdhf]/ geO{ cem ;zQm pmhf{ k|bfg u/]sf]
atfpg'eof] . zxLbsf of]ubfgsf] sb/ eg]sf] pxf“x?n] b]vfpg'ePsf] ;kgf
k"/f ug{ k|lta4 eP/ cufl8 a9\g' xf] eGb} pxf“k|ltsf] ;Ddfgsf] ;fy{stf klg
ToxL x'g] atfpg'eof] .
csf{ cltly bf]nvf lhNnf
hg;/sf/ k|d'v s= zª\s/ nfdfn] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_nfO{ oxf“;Dd 8f]¥ofpg s=
l/taxfb'/ v8\sfsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf /x]sf] atfp“b} pxf“sf] Tofu, tk:of /
alnbfgsf] rrf{ ub}{ l/taxfb'/ /fhg}lts df]rf{df, ;}Go df]rf{df klg TolQs} ;zQm
of]4f x'g'x'GYof] eGg'eof] . ;f] ljrf/uf]i7Lsf ;efklt g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
bf]nvf lhNnf ;qm]6/L tyf l/taxfb'/ v8\sfsL alxgL s= cl:dtfn] cfkm"n]
kf6L{sf lhDd]jf/ g]tf tyf cleefjs u'dfp“bf efjgfdf rf]6 nfu] klg pxf“n]
sf]g'{ePsf] af6f]af6 slQ klg ljrlnt gePsf] a? cem ;zQm 9+un] cufl8 al9/x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
s= k|tfk k"j{sf] /ftf] tf/f eP/ emg\ k|HHjlnt x'“b} cfsfzdf pbfpg'ePsf]
pNn]v ub}{ pxf“n] ef}lts Ifltn] Pp6f wSsf nfu] klg Tof] /utsf] hudf cem}
hf]bfxf of]4fx?sf] pTkfbg eO/x]sf] atfpg'eof] . xfdLx?n] ;w}+ zf]snfO{
zlQmdf abNb} cl3 a9\g'kg]{ s'/f klg s= cl:dtfn] atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ cf]vn9'ª\uf lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf lhNnfsf] 6f]S;]n
xs{k'/df dxfg\ zxLb s= l/taxfb'/ v8\sfsf] ;Ddfgdf lgld{t k|tfk :d[lt k|j]zåf/
pb\3f6gsf ;fy} s= l/taxfb'/ v8\sf -k|tfk_sf] k|yd :d[lt lbj; c;f/ @ ut] ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly k"jL{ ljz]if Ao"/f]sf ;b:o Pjd\
;f]n'–cf]vn9'ª\uf lhNnf O~rfh{ s= s'df/n] u]6sf] pb\3f6g / s= k|tfksf] kmf]6fdf
dfNofk{0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .. k|d'v cltlysf] cfzgaf6 s= s'df/n] dxfg\ zxLb
Pjd\ k"jL{ cfsfzsf rlDsnf] /ftf] tf/f s= k|tfkn] ;f]n'–cf]vn9'ªufdf
ju{;+3if{nfO{ dfly p7fpg v]Ng'ePsf] e"ldsf / s= k|tfksf] JolQmTjdfly k|sfz
kfg'{eof] .
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= lszf]/n]
;efkltsf] cfzgaf6 af]Nb} s= k|tfksf] JolQmTj / pxf“;“usf] nfdf] ;xofqfsf] :d/0f
ub}{ s= k|tfk nufotsf dxfg\ zxLbx?sf] /utn] ;f]n'–cf]vn9'¨f, l;Gw'–bf]nvf dfq
x}g l;¨f] g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ ljhosf] gof“ p“rfOdf k'¥ofPsf] atfpg'eof] .
lhNnf kf6L{ ;]qm]6fl/o6 ;b:o s= clgnsf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf xhf/f}+ hgtf,
lzIfs, a'l4hLjL, Jofkf/L / k|a'4 ju{sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] sfo{qmddf s=
ljjzn] :jfut dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v s]zj
/fO{, cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL lhNnf cWoIf rDkfb]jL sfsL{, blnt /fli6«o d'lQm
df]rf{sf lhNnf ;+of]hs t]haxfb'/ g]kfnL, ls/fdf]sf 8L;LPd ?ks /fO{n] ;Daf]wg
ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] lxdr'nL ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/af6 k|:t't ul/Psf] cfsif{s uLt tyf
g[Tox?n] sfo{qmdnfO{ cem} /f]df~rs agfPsf] lyof] .
To:t} s= l/taxfb'/ v8\sf
-k|tfk_sf] k|yd :d[lt lbjz pxf“n] zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ePsf] lhNnf /f}tx6df pxf“sf
;kgf k"/f ug]{ nIo b[9 ;ª\sNksf ;fy ut ;f]daf/ dgfOof] . k|fKt
tYocg';f/ s= l/taxfb'/nfO{ ;]gfn]
;f+u7lgs sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf cfkm\gf] sd{If]qdf cfp“bf lhNnfsf] k"jL{ e]u
;nf{xL, /f}tx6 ;Ldfdf Pdfn] h:tf ;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf] if8\oGqdf xTof ul/Psf]
;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] :d[lt lbj;df k|d'v cltly g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
k"jf{~rn If]qLo Ao"/f] ;b:o s= /fh]zn] pxf“sf] JolQmsf] rrf{ ub}{
pxf“sf] kb k5\ofp“b} pxf“n] lng'ePsf] dxfg\ nIf k"/f ug{ ;bf cu| efudf
/xg] k|0f JoQm ug'{eof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf csf{ jQmf s= lrqn] dxfg\ zxLb s= k|tfksf]
/ut /f}tx6df aUof] t/ pQm /utaf6} cfh xhf/f}+ nfn /QmjLhx? hGd]sf 5g\ t;y{
pxf“sf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ pxf“n] lbg'ePsf] alnbfgaf6 kf7 l;s]/ Pslbg of]
g]kfnnfO{ gj g]kfndf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ atfpg'eof] .
s= nId0fn] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf]
;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj s= czf]sn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] :jfut dGtJo s= ljho
nfdfn] /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmd;“u} /f}tx6sf csf{ dxfg\ zxLb s=
;/f]hsf] klg :d[lt lbj; dgfOPsf] lyof] eg] pQm sfo{qmddf kf“rj6} Pl/ofsf
;]qm]6/L s= a;Gt, s= ;f}/e, s= ljkLg, s= ;'wL/ nufot kf6L{, ;]gf / df]rf{sf
k|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
;flxTo;GWof k'/:sf/ k"0f{ j}BnfO{
sf7df8f}+÷slj Pjd\
;flxTosf/ k"0f{ j}B ;flxTo ;GWof k'/:sf/ )%( af6 k'/:s[t x'g'ePsf]
5 .. ut zlgaf/ kb\dsGof sn]hsf] 8]lg; xndf cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf
tfd|kq;lxt kf“rxhf/ ?k}of“ gub /x]sf] pQm k'/:sf/ j}BnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf]
lyof] . g]kfn efiffdfkm{t\ k|ultzLn sljtf, lgaGw If]qdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPjfkt
j}BnfO{ pQm k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] ;flxTo ;GWofn] hgfPsf] 5 . j}B Ps k|v/
slj / ljlzi6 eflifs Ifdtf ePsf ;flxTosf/ x'g'x'G5 .
j}Bsf y'k|} sljtf / sfJo
k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf ;flxTosf/x? Zofdk|;fb zdf{, lgg' rfkfufO{+,
df]bgfy k|l>t, ldqnfn k+1fgL, d~h'n, a'4 ;fodL, ?b| v/]n, /d]z kf]v/]nn]
pxf“sf] JolQmTj / s[ltTjsf af/]df dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf slj
tyf ;flxTosf/ O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnL, k"0f{lj/fd, k|lt;/f ;fodL, ljho ;'Aaf, hLjg
zdf{, /fds[i0f b'jfn nufotsf slj, snfsf/x?n] sljtf, uLt k|:t't ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .
tgx"“÷
cg]h;f“;+3cGtu{t …l5Dsf ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/Úsf] cfof]hgfdf bzlbg] ;f“:s[lts k|lzIf0f
lzlj/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dxfg\ zxLb slj s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚk|lt ;dlk{t /
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ tgx"“sf O~rfh{ s= chLtåf/f pb\3fl6t pQm …OR5's
;f“:s[lts k|lzIf0f lzlj/Ú df lhNnf / ;]gfsf u/L b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L
k|lzIffyL{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] eg] …u08s ;f“:s[lts ;dGjo sld6LÚ sf ;b:o
Pjd\ l5Dsf ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf ;+of]hs s= lbnLk >]i7 …tgx"“jf;LÚ, u08s
;f“:s[lts ;dGjo sld6Lsf csf{ ;b:o s= ;f;f / cltlysf] ?kdf pkl:yt s= ljhon]
;xefuL k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ ;f}Gbo{ bz{g, ;flxTo tyf ;ª\uLt–snf -ufog, jfbg, gt{g_
;DaGwL cfjZos cfwf/e"t ;}4flGts–Jofjxfl/s k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
lzlj/sf
pTs[i6 rf/hgf snfsf/x? s= jiff{, s= k|sfz, s= ;Demgf / s= ;kgf, clego snf tyf
sljtf k|ltof]lutfsf k'/:s[t ;f“:s[ltssdL{x?– s= ljho, s= /fh]z, s= l;h{gf / s=
;+hf]u, jf;' :d[lt rf}yf] a6flnogcGtu{t aL sDkgLsf k|lzIffyL{ tyf ;xof]uL
k|lzIfsx? / lzlj/sf k|lzIfs sd/]8x?nfO{ k|d'v cltly xl/axfb'/ r'dfgn] k'/:sf/
tyf pkxf/ ;d]t k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof].
k|lzIf0fsf] nuQ} l5Dsf
;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ lhNnfsf ljleGg efux?df ljljw hgjfbL ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmdsf ;fy
…OR5's ;f“:s[lts cleofgÚ df h'6]sf] 5 . :yfgLo u|fdL0f hg;d'bfox?sf] Jofks
/ pT;fxhgs pkl:yltdf ut h]7 % ut] ;f“em b]j3f6–sflnsf df=lj=sf] k|fª\u0fdf,
& ut] ;f“em sf]6fsf] sf]6f6f/df, ( ut] ;f“em a}bLsf] vfN6]df, !@ ut] ;f“em
/fDhfsf]6 uflj; ejgsf] k|fª\u0fdf / @@ ut] ;ltZjf“/fsf] rGb|fjtL ahf/df u/L
xfn;Dd / cf]6f sfo{qmdx? k|:t't eO;s]sf 5g\ .
cfqmd0fsf/Lsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf
bf]nvf÷g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ bf]nvf @ g+= Pl/ofn] lxhf] c;f/ ( ut] Ps
;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ut c;f/ $ ut] cfkm\gf sfo{stf{x?dfly cfqmd0f ug]{
em\of“s' ufh;–@sf lzIfs x]d kf7s, /fds[i0f kf7s / afns[i0f kf7ssf 3/–hUuf;lxt
;Dk"0f{ rn–crn ;DklQ 5fgljg cjlwe/ /f]Ssf ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] hgfPsf]
5 .. ;"rgfdf c;f/ $ ut]sf] 36gfaf/] s]xL ;~rf/dfWodx?df cfPsf ljj/0f
;xL gePsf] atfp“b} cfkm\gf] ;f+u7lgs sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ;f] :yfgdf k'Ubf ufGbfxL
lgdfljsf lzIfs /fds[i0f kf7s, lghsf afa' /fds[i0f kf7s / lghs} efO afns[i0f
kf7s;lxt cGo n7}tx? k|of]u u/L cfkm\gf sfo{stf{dfly cfqmd0f ul/Psf] atfPsf]
5 . ;"rgfdf Pdfn]sf ;lqmo sfo{stf{ ;d]t /x]sf kf7s nufotn] u/]sf]
cfqmd0faf6 cfTd;+odk"j{s cfkm\gf sfo{stf{n] 3]/f tf]8]sf] pNn]v 5 . To:t}
pQm cfqmd0fsf af/]df 5fgljg ug{ ;Dk"0f{ kqsf/, dfgjclwsf/jfbL / /fhgLlts
kf6L{x?nfO{ ;d]t 36gf:yndf hfg ;f] ;"rgfdfkm{t\ cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .
;"rgfdf cfqmd0fsf/Lx? pkrf/sf] axfgfdf ;b/d'sfd a;L e|fds ;dfrf/x? k|;fl/t
ul//x]sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
e“j/f 6fk'jf;Lsf] b'Mv–kL8f
w
ljgf]b ;hgf
/fhfk'/÷ gof“ d'n'ssf] …ej/f
6fk'Údf ePsf] /fHocft+ssf] gfnLa]nL cem} ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5}g . oltv]/
/fHocft+ssf] df/df k/]sf :yfgLo hgtfn] cfkm\gf cfnf 3fpx? ;TotYo kQf nufOg'
kg]{df To;f] gePsfn] dfgjclwsf/jfbL, kqsf/;dIf ;TotYo vf]Hg cg'/f]w klg u/]sf
5g\ .
k|fs[lts ?kdf s0ff{nL gbLsf]
x]kfO dfq xf]Og, s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] pk]Iff, :yfgLo hldGbf/x?sf] cTofrf/ /
/fHocft+ssf] kL8f …e“j/f 6fk'Ú sf s/La ! nfv hgtfn] v]lk/x]sf 5g\ .
pgLx?sf] cfu|x 5– …xfd|f] kL8f, xfd|f] b'Mv ;fj{hlgs xf];\ .Ú
)%% ;fn h]7 & ut] ;fdGt
o'j/fh pkfWofon] xfg]sf] uf]nLaf6 zxfbt k|fKt ug'{x'g] k|yd zxLb h'Uug rf}w/L
-h'gf_ x'g'xG5 eg] xfn oxL 6fk'sf s/La %) hgfnfO{ /fHon] of] jf Tof] gfddf xTof
u/]sf] 5 . To;f] t ;a}eGbf a9L ;+s6sfndf 3]/faGbL u/]/ $# hgfsf] xTof
ul/Psf] s'/f g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f hgfOPsf] 5 . :d/0f/xf];\, o; 6fk'df
hGd]sf dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] qmddf 1fgk|;fb rfln;] -cfofd_, a'l4nfn rf}w/L -/d]z_,
x'n'/fd rf}w/L -k|HHjn_, k|ef nfld5fg] -s[lt_, xs{axfb'/ rf}w/L -c~rn_, ;'zLnf
blxt -lj1fg_ nufotsf g]tfx?n] zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ePsf] 5 .
:yfgLo hgtfsf cg';f/ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;/sf/df ;fd"lxs o'jf Snj gof“ ufp“sf 8fO/]S6/ uf]kfn blxt ;xfos dGqL ePkl5 yk bdg v]Kg'k/]sf] b'v];f] ;'gfp“5g\ . pgLx? gfd gn]Vg] zt{df eG5g\– …uf]kfn blxt ;xfos dGqL ePkl5 s's'/n] gkfpg] b'Mv kfpg'k¥of], Tolt dfq geO{ bdg ug{sf nflu !! uflj; dfcf]jfbL cv8fsf] ?kdf k|rf/ eof] .Ú
oL P3f/ uflj;sf s/La %) xhf/
yf?n] zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Lsf] ;+o'Qm u:tL 6f]nLsf] uf]nL, af]nL / nf7L vfg'k/]sf]
cfkm\gf] gfd atfpg grfxg] Ps o'jfn] cfqmf]lzt d'b|fdf eg]– …cTofrf/L Ajf“;fx?n]
xfd|f] a:tLdf cTofrf/} u/] .. h+unL /fh rnfpg vf]Hg]x?n] dh:tf] dfG5]nfO{
dfcf]jfbLdf nfUg afWo agfP .Ú tL o'jfn] zfxL ;]gfsf] r/d oftgf kfPsf] s'/f
:yfgLo ufp“n] atfp“5g\ .
kftfef/, uf]nf, kz'kltgu/,
gof“ufp“, v}/L rGbgk'/, eLdfk'/, bf}ntk'/, abfnk'/, dgfp, dfgk'/ 6k/f /
/fhfk'/sf hgtfsf] sf7df8f}+l:yt ;/sf/k|lt x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f Pp6} 5– …Toxf“sf]
;/sf/ xfd|f] xf]Og .Ú pgLx?sf] yk syg 5– …xfdLn] :jfoQ ;/sf/ rnfpg
kfpg'k5{ .Ú
yf? ;d'bfosf] afx'Notf /x]sf]
a:tLdf h'Dnf, sflnsf]6, d'u', c5fd, Ko'7fg, ;'v]{t, afun'ª, b}n]v cflb lhNnfaf6
cfPsf kxfl8ofx?n] klg a;f]af; u/]sf 5g\ .. k'/fgf] ;Qfn] of] jf Tof] gfddf
yf? / kxfl8ofaLr a9fPsf] s6'tfsf sf/0f s]xL cl:y/tf klg hGd]sf] 5 . Tof]
s]jn b':;fx; dfq xf]Ú eGg'x'G5 yf?jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf ;+of]hs cf/=;L=
rf}w/L . :d/0f/xf];\, oxL hftLotf / If]qLotfsf sf/0f sf7df8f}+df …dg' dv',
d:of{Ú -dfG5] xf]Og, dw];L_ eg] em}+ o; If]qdf …Pp6f dfG5] xf], csf]{ h'DnL
xf]Ú eGg] If]qLo pTkL8g nflbPsf] eGg'x'G5 :yfgLo kqsf/ /fh]Gb| lwtfn .
h]xf];\,
/fHosf] pk]Iff / bdgsf] k/fsfi7f em]n]sf] /fhfk'/ If]q ca ;w}+ pk]Iff / bdg
;xg] 5}g . gof“ g]kfn agfpgsf] nflu gof“ d'n'ssf] tkm{af6 alnbfg ug{ klg
ca e“j/f 6fk'sf hgtf tof/ ePsf] :yfgLo dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ atfp“5g\ . q
lqofgAa] hgf
zxLb 3f]lift
;'v{]t÷;/sf/L cft+s / HofbtLsf sf/0f ev{/} lhNnf
hg;/sf/ u7g eP nuQ} /fHoåf/f dfl/Psf (# hgf JolQmnfO{ dfcf]jfbL lhNnf hg;/sf/
;'v{]tn] zxLb 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .. ;z:q hgo'4 z'? ePotf ljleGg jxfgfdf
qm"/tfk"j{s xTof ul/Psf tL (# hgfnfO{ ;'v{]t lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v Clif
uf}tdn] Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L zxLb 3f]if0ff ug{'ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf
hg;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf pQm (# hgfdWo] k|foMh;f] ;j{;fwf/0f g} 5g\ .o'4sf]
qmddf dfl/Psf tL clwsf+z hgtfnfO{ ;QfkIfn] :j]R5frf/L 9ª\un] qm"/ oftgf
lbP/} df/]sf lyP . o; ljifodf clxn];Dd Toxf“sf hgtfsf] zf]s cem} ljnfpg
;s]sf] 5}g . o;}aLr clxn] ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] jftf{ elgP klg ;QfkIf
k"0f{?kdf jftf{ ef“8\g cu|;/ eO/x]sf] / o; k|lqmofdf lhNnfsf clwsf+z
7fp“df cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] gfddf zfxL ;]gfn] uf]nLu¶f y'kfg{ yfn]sf] ;'v{]taf6
k|fKt ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 .
hgcbfntsf] Gofo ;Dkfbg
hgsk'/÷ ;Qfn] jiff}{+
nufP/ km};nf ug{ g;s]sf d'2fx? hgcbfntn] @÷$ lbg leq} 6'ª\uf] nufOlbg] u/]kl5
dfcf]jfbL hgcbfntdf d'2fsf] cf]O/f] nfu]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 . wg'iff lhNnfsf
;'b"/k"jL{ If]qsf uflj;x?df dfcf]jfbLn] ;a}eGbf a9L d'2fsf]
l5gf]kmfgf] u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL hgcbfntdf oltv]/ cTolws d'2fx? k/]sf] /
k|fyldstfsf qmddf km};nf eO/x]sf] kf6L{ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= ofbjn] atfpg'ePsf]
5 . pxf“sf cg';f/ k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfsf] cbfntdf @) cf}+ jif{;Dd km};nf x'g
g;s]sf d'2fx? cfkm"x?n] b'a} kIfnfO{ /fv]/ # lbgleq km};nf ug]{ u/]sf]
atfpg'eof] . o;}aLr hgsk'/ gu/If]q / cf;kf;sf uflj;x?df ;+u7g lgdf{0fsf
sfdx? tLa|tfsf ;fy eO/x]sf] klg ;Da4 kIfn] atfPsf] 5 .
cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd ;DkGg
?s'd÷g]kfn blnt
d'lQmdf]rf{ lhNnf ;ldlt ?s'dsf] cfof]hgfdf …:yfoL zflGt / blnt d'lQmsf] ;jfnÚ
ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ut h]7 !& ut] rf}/hxf/Ldf a'l4hLjL, Jofkf/L,
/fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmd nf]s]Gb|
kl/of/sf] ;efkltTj / cf]k]Gb| lj=s=sf] ;+rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly g]kfn blnt d'lQmdf]rf{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o rGb|axfb'/ ljZjsdf{,
lhNnf hg;/sf/ pkk|d'v g/]Gb| a'9f du/, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:o /fh]z,
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ! g+= Pl/of ACS
c0f', g]kfnL sf+u|];sf lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:o k|]dk|sfz cf]nL, /f=k|=kf=sf uf]kfn
zdf{, rf}/hxf/Ll:yt zLtn pRr dfljsf zlz/fd sfsL{, Pdfn] lhNnf ;ldlt ;Nnfxsf/
hutk|;fb zdf{, a'l4hLjL u+ufnfn cf]nL, blnt a'l4hLjL clUg ;'gf/, sd{rf/L 8Da/
s]=;L= nufotsf cltlyx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
o;}aLr
?s'daf6} k|fKt Ps csf]{ ;dfrf/cg';f/ cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ ?s'dåf/f vn+uf
SofDk;df Ps cGtlqm{of sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . c;f/ % ut] ;DkGg pQm
sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly ljdnf s]=;L= x'g'x'GYof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg
/fhgLlts kf6L{, hgjuL{o ;+u7gsf k|ltlglwx?n] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ /
;+ljwfg ;ef b]zsf] jt{dfg ;d:of lgsf;sf] Psdfq ljsNk ePsf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf
lyP .
;ª\s6sfndf wfOy'g / d]nkf]v/L Aof/]ssf] oftgf
c3f{vfFrL lhNnfsf] vgb uf=h=;=–! sL zf/bf vgfn ;+s6sfn nfu" ul/Psf]
# lbg kl5 )%( d+;L/ !$ ut] g} kfNkfaf6 pkrf/ u/]/ kms{+b} ubf{ w':sfyfg eGg]
7fpFaf6 ;]gf / k'ln;sf] sAhfdf kg'{eof] . lu/km\tf/kl5 af6f] glhs}sf]
h+undf nu]/ r/d dfgl;s oftgf lb+bf klg
;]gfn] pxfFaf6 ;+u7gsf s]xL s'/fx? yfxf kfpg ;s]g . cZnLn cª\u k|bz{g ug{
cfPsf] xf]Og, a? dnfO{ uf]nL xfgL df/ eGb} pxfF 7f8} k|ltsf/df pqg' eof] .
/fOkmnsf] s'Gbf / uf]nLsf] vf]sfn] 6fpsf]df aL;f}+k6s lsr]kl5 …k/ nu]/ z'6 u/\Ú
egL cfb]z cfpgf;fy #÷$ hgfn] pxfFnfO{ k/lt/ nu] . t/ pgLx?s} aLrdf dfg]{ /
gdfg]{ egL ljjfb rn]kl5 k'gM kmsf{P/ af6fdf NofP .
pxfFnfO{ u'NdLsf] wfOy'g Aof/]sdf s]xL lbgkl5 ;GwLvs{sf] d]nkf]v/L
Aof/]sdf nu] . ToxfF k}tnfdf kfOkn] lk6\g], skfn uf]8\g], a'6n] s'Nrg]
h:tf aa{/ oftgf lbP . pxfF eGg'x'G5– …o:tf] oftgfaf6 a]xf]; eP/ d
Ao"FlemPkl5 ;]gf–k'ln;x?n] ufpFdf af6f] b]vfpg lx+8\, u:tL ug{ lx8\Ú egL
yk oftgf lbg yfn] . pxfFn] dnfO{ df/ d hfFb}hflbg eg]/ k|lt/f]w u/]sf]
atfpg' x'G5 . sf/fuf/sf] k"hL{ lbP/ klg nfdf] ;do;Dd zfxL ;]gfsf]
Aof/]sdf /fv]sf] :d/0f ub}{ pxfF eGg'x'G5– …u'NdLsf] Aof/]sdf xfdL tLghgf
lyof}+ . cfFvfdf sfnf] k§L / xftdf xTs8L nufP/ /flvPsf] lyof] .
s'/fsfgL s]xL klg ug}{ lb+b}gYof] . cfO{=;L=cf/=;L= sf k|ltlglw cfPkl5 dfq
xfdLnfO{ Aof/]sdf /flvPsf] eGg] s'/f aflx/ cfof] .Ú
Aof/]sdf /xFbf cfkm";Fu} a;]/ ;fyLx?sf] ;Demgf ub}{ pxfF eGg' x'G5–
…dx]Gb| eGg] ;fyLnfO{ 6\jfOn]6 hfFbf /ftsf] cj:yfdf ;'lgof]lht k[YjLnfO{
Aof/]saf6 /];'ª\ufsf] h+undf nu]/ df¥of] eg]/ uDeL/ d'b|fdf k|:t't x'Fb} ;fyL
slknfnfO{ tf/]v nufOlbPsf] lyof] . tf/]v lng cfPsf] a]nf h+undf nu]/
;]gf–k'ln;n] ;fd"lxs anfTsf/ u/L xTof u/]sf lyP .Ú
tFnfO{ klg slknf h:t}
u/L df5f{}+ egL af/Daf/ dfgl;s oftgf lb+b} tL sfnf oftgfu[xsf] :d/0f ub}{ pxfF
eGg'x'G5– …d]/f] z/L/ emdemdfpg], b'Vg] :d/0fzlQm IfL0f x'g] cflb c;/ oyfjt g}
5 . t/ xfd|f w]/} ;fyLx? a]kQf kfl/g'ePsf] 5, y'k|} ;fyLx? em'¶f d'2fdf
h]nsf oftgf ef]lu/xg' ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ k|lta4tfsf ;fy jftf{sf]
6]a'ndf cfP/ b'O{ r/0fsf] jftf{ eO;Sbf klg a]kQf kfl/Psf ;fyLx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs
gug'{ / h]n k/]sf ;fyLx?dfly nufOPsf] em'¶f d'2f vf/]h gul/g' of] zfxL ;}lgs
zf;gsf] jftf{lj/f]wL /j}of xf] .
c;L jif{sf a[4 lktf eGg'x'G5 M dnfO{ gof“ Joj:yf x]/]/ dg]{ dg 5
oxL j}zfv @& ut] c3f{vf“rL lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd ;lGwvs{df /0fg}lts
hgkl/rfng ;ldlt, c3f{vf“rLåf/f cfof]lht ljzfn hg;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ kms{g]
qmddf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf kL=aL=Pd= tyf zflGtjftf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:o sd/]8 b]j u'?ª
slknj:t' lhNnfsf] a'8\8f uf=lj=;=u]njf/ eGg] ;fgf] ufp“df k:g'eof] . 9nfg
ul/Psf] Pstn] 3/sf] cufl8lg/sf] bnfgdf ;]t} km'n]sf] Pp6f cf“vf gb]Vg] / csf{]
cf“vfdf afSnf] afbn al;;s]sf *) jif{sf] a"9f] a'af v'lj/fd cfrfo{nfO{
u'?sf] ;Daf]wg ;lxt cfºgf] kl/ro lb+b} sd/]8 u'?ªn] pxf“sf] :jf:Yo l:yltaf/]df
;f]wgL ug{'eof] .
c3f{sf] c“w]/L ufp“af6 @)%@
;fndf slknj:t'df j;fO;/fO ug{' ePsf jof]j[4 qmflGtsf/L jfdg]tf >L cfrfo{n]
…;fyLx? lsg e]6\g cfpg' ePg eg]/ tfk nflu/x]sf] lyof]Ú egL s'/fsf] z'?jft
ug{'eof] . …kf6L{n] o'4 5]8\of], dnffO{ pT;fxn] 5fPsf] 5 . o'4 of]
cj:yf;Dd cfOk'Ubf d *) jif{sf] eO;s]sf] 5', dnfO{ gof“ Joj:yf g} x]/]/ dg{ kfP
x'g] lyof] eGg] nfu]sf] 5Ú cfºgf] sdhf]/ zf/Ll/s l:yltsf jfjh"b klg bx|f]
l:kl/6sf ;fy s'/fsfgLnfO{ cl3 a9fpg' eof] . zflGtjftf{sf] k|;+unfO{
sf]6\ofp“b} pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …b]zleqsf] u[xo'4 clxn] jftf{sf] k|lqmofdf cfPsf]
5, xfd|f] b]znfO{ zflGtlk|o b]z / a'4sf] b]z elgG5, t/ /fhtGqfTds Joj:yf /fv]/
zflGt x'“b}g .Ú pxf“n] jt{dfg /fhg}lts kl/l:yltsf] af/]df k|i6 kf/]/
/flvlbg sd/]8 b]j u'?ªnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{'eof] . s= u'?ªn] jt{dfg /fhg}lts
l:yltaf/] k|i6 ljZn]if0f ug{' ePkl5 cfrfo{n] 5ftLdfly xft /fv]/ eGg'eof]– …d
9'Ss eP/ a;]sf] 5' .. of] ljhosf] o'4 xf], k/fhosf] xf]Og . of]
g]kfnsf] dfq xf]Og ljZjsf] o'4 xf] . cd]l/sfnfO{ lhTg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf d
s]df ljZj:t 5' eg] ckmufg, O/fs h:tf b]zx?df Toxf“sf] zf;s t x6fof] cd]l/sfn]
t/ b]z sAhf ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . Toxf“sf hgtfn] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4df
ljb|f]x u/]sf 5g\, n8fO“ hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ .
/fd]5fksf] j]yfgdf ePsf]
kmf}hL sf/jfxLsf] ;+:d/0f ub{} pxf“n] eGg'eof]– tLy{ uf}td, kmQ / Tof] 5f]/L
bLndfofn] zxfbt k|fKt ubf{ dnfO{ c;fWo} b'Mv nfu]sf] lyof], ;fyLx? o;/L
d/L;lsg] x'g\ ls eGg] lrGtf nfu]sf] lyof] .. t/ zxLbsf] /utn] jL/x?
hGdfp“5, clxn] t xhf/f}+ ;fyLx? o'4df x'g'x'G5 . nfvf}+ hgtfn] ;xof]u /
;dy{g ug{'ePsf] 5 .
s'/fsfgLsf] cGTolt/ pxf“n]
yKg'eof]– d clxn] xftv'§f grNg] cf“vf gb]Vg] cj:yfdf 5' . oxf“
k'ln;–;]gfx? cfP/ xKsfp“5g\ vfgtnf;L lnG5g\ d ad af?b af]s]/ lx8\g ;Sb}g .
t/ d}n] k|rf/ u/]/} eP klg qmflGt ub{}5' / ;DkGg x'“bf;Dd of]ubfg lbg]5' .
cfkm"nfO{ ufp“3/ / zx/df xltof/ grnfpg] dfcf]jfbL a"9f] egL ;Djf]wg
ug{] u/]sf] k|;+u pNn]v ub{} pxf“n] hf]8 lbP/ eGg'eof]– ;a} kf6L{, u'6, pku'6 /
l;+uf] hgk+lQmnfO{ k|r08kysf] ljrf/df cfa4 / uf]naGb x'g cfx\jfg ub{5' .
kf6L{n] o;df Wofg lbg'k5{ . k|:t't 5, hgfb]z ;Djfbbftf s'df/ zfxn] ug{'ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;ª\If]k–
tkfO{ slt jif{sf] x'g'eof] <
– d]/f] hGd !(*) h]i7 @@ ut]
ePsf] xf] . xfn d *) jif{ nfu]+, cl:t h]i7 @@ ut]af6 .
tkfO{ t/fO{df a;fO ;/fO ug'{ ePsf] slteof] <
– xfdLn] c3f{ uf=lj=;= j8f g+=
# c“w]/L, u'NdLaf6 )%@ ;fndf of] slknj:t' lhNnfsf] a'8\8f uf=lj=;= j8f g+= *
u]njf/df a;fO“ ;/]sf xf}+ .
tkfO{ /fhg}lts JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 . hLjgsf] s'g sfnaf6 /fhgLlt z'?
ug{'eof] <
– @))# ;fndf hot' ;+:s[td\
cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL ePkl5 b]z lgsfnf u¥of] tTsfnLg lg/+s'z ;Qfn] . kf“r jif{
ef/td} j;]+ / @))& ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngkl5 b]zleq cfP“ . @)!% ;fn;Dd
g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts Joj:yfdf l:y/tf cfPg . To;kl5 d sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df
nfu]+ .
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df nfu]kl5 sxf“ sxf“ sfd ug{'eof] <
– u'NdLsf] If]qd} sfd u/]+,
klxn] o;nfO{ ^ lhNnf eGg] ub{y] . Toxf“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ljhf/f]k0f d}n]
g} u/]+ . kf6L{sf] tNnf txsf sld6Lx? agfP“ . dnfO{ k|ltlqmofjfbL
;Qfn] @)!& ;fndf jf/]G6 hf/L u¥of] .
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] sfd ubf{ e"ldut eP/} ug{'eof] ls v'Nnf eP/ <
–
e"ldut eP/} sfd u/]+ . @)@@ ;fndf kf6L{ sfdsf] nflu dnfO{ v'nf x'g
nufof] kf6L{n] . d v'nf eP/ sfd ub{} lyP @)@# ;fndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]
dfG5] eg]/ y'Gof] . k~rfot lj/f]wL eg]/ h]n xfNof] .. h]naf6 lg:s]kl5
d km]l/ kf6L{ ;Dks{df k'u]+ .
lu/km\tf/Lkl5
h]n / lx/f;tdf slQsf] oftgf lbof] <
– oftgf lgs} lbof] . oftgfs} sf/0fn]
d]/f xftv'§f sdhf]/ ePsf 5g\ . lx8\g rNg d'l:sn 5 . oftgfn] ubf{ g} d
cf“vf gb]Vg] ePsf] 5' .
;dod}
pkrf/ u/fpg kfpg' ePg <
– h]naf6 5'6]kl5 d ef/t k'u]sf] lyP“ .
k~hfjdf cf“vfsf] ck|]zg u/]+ . ;fyLx?n] lgs} ;xof]u ug{'eof] .
To;tfsf d}n] Pstf ;dfhsf] sfd uy{]+, k|rf/k|;f/ uy{] .. lbNnL, k~hfj,
uf]/vk'/, jgf/;, snsQfdf xfd|f] /fd|f] k|efj lyof] . To;a]nf kf6L{
cGt/;+3if{df df]xg ljqmdsf] nfOg lj/f]wL b:tfj]h lnP/ kf6L{sf] kf“rf}+
dxflwj]zgdf d ;xefuL ePsf] lyP“ .
P]ltxfl;s
k|;+u sf]6\ofcf}+– @)@* ;fnsf] emfkf ljb|f]x / o;sf] k|efjaf/] atfOlbgf];\ g
<
– emfkf ljb|f]x ;fdGt, bnfn, gf]s/zfxL
k"“hLklt tyf zf]ifs km6fxfx? lj?4sf] ;+3if{ xf] . of] ;+3if{ Toxf“sf]
sld6Ln] kf; u/]/ u/]sf] xf] . To;n] tTsfnLg cj:yfdf cj;/jfb lj?4 qmflGtsf]
l:kl/6nfO{ sfod u/]sf] 5 . To;a]nf of] ljb|f]xn] xfd|f] kf6L{df cGt/;+3if{
k}bf u¥of] . xfdLx?n] of] k"/} v/fa 5}g eGof}+ tTsfnLg dxfdGqL
df]xgljqmdn] k"/} v/fa 5, pu|jfdkGyL e8\sfj xf] eGg'eof] . oxL
cGt/;+3if{n] kl5 kf6L{df km"6 eof] .. df]xgljqmdn] u/]sf]
d"Nof+ª\sg ljk/Lt >dhLjL hgtfn] o; ljb|f]xnfO{ ;dy{g / ;xof]u u/]sf
lyP .
@)%@
;fnb]lv ;'? ePsf] ljb|f]xnfO{ s;/L d"Nofª\sg ug{'x'G5 <
– xftv'§f gnfUg], cf“vf gb]Vg] sdhf]/
cj:yfdf eP klg d 9'Ss eP/ a;]sf] 5' . of] ljhosf] o'4 xf], k/fhosf]
xf]Og . of] g]kfn dfqsf] xf]Og, ljZjsf] xf] . xfdLx?n] kf6L{leq
;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ng ug{], xltof/ p7fpg] 5nkmn / ax; ub{} cfPsf lyof}+ . of]
hgo'4n] ToxL ;f/ s'/fnfO{ u'0ffTds ?kdf lnP/ cl3 a9]sf] 5 .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
kf6L{n] k|r08kysf] ?kdf ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0f u/L cl3 a9]sf] 5 . o;af/] tkfO{sf]
ljrf/ s] 5 <
– klxn] t dnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] k|r08ky olt
l5§} gNofpg'kg{], cln kfsf] ePkl5 NofP x'g] t/ 5nkmnkl5 d k|i6 eP“ . hgo'4
xf“ls/x]sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yflkt g]t[Tjsf] gfdaf6 ;+Zn]if0f ul/Psf] of]
ljrf/ o'4sf] ljho;“u} prfOdf a9\b} hfg]5 . klxnf] jftf{kl5 bfª, :ofªhf /
;f]n'sf] ljb|f]x / To;df ePsf] ljho, oxL df3 !% ut]sf] o'4lj/fd / uf]nd]r
;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] j:t'jfbL k|:tfj o'4 jftf{ x'“b} cl3 a9\g]
of] t k|r08kysf] ljrf/>[+vnf g} /x]5 . of] k|r08kysf] ljhosf] ;"rs
xf] . kf6L{n] lhTg] s'/fdf d 9'Ss 5' .
k'/fgf]
;Qf / gof“ ;QfaLr jftf{ rln/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efåf/f cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] Ph]08f cl3 ;f/]sf]
5 . o;df hgtfsf] k|ltlqmof s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <
– uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;ef
gx'g] s'/f xf] eg]/ cfh;Dd s;}n] eGg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;a}sf] rfxgf zflGtjftf{
;kmn xf];\ eGg] 5 . zf;sx? / c?x?n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ logLx? t qmflGt ug{],
dfG5] dfg{] dfq x'g\ eg]/ 5/]sf] e|dnfO{ lr/]/ zflGtk|]dL eg]sf dfcf]jfbL g}
x'g\ eGg] dfGotf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . ljqmdflbTo, hgs / a'4 kl5sf casf zflGtsf
cu|b:tf dfcf]jfbL g} x'g\ eGg] ;Gb]z / ljZjf; hgtfsf] aLrdf 5fPsf] 5 .
zflGtjftf{
;kmn x'g] ;Defjgf slQsf] b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <
–
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] wf]vfw8L, 5nsk6 / if8\oGq u/L /fHo sAhf u/]sf lyP . kl5
h+uaxfb'/n] sf]tkj{sf] /Qmkftk"0f{ xTofsf08 dRrfP/ ;Qf sAhf u/] .
clxn]sf] /fhf h]7 !( sf] b/jf/ xTofsf08 kl5 ;j{];jf{ ePsf 5g\ . Oltxf;df
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