dlxnf
/ ljBfyL{ ;Dd]ngsf] Jofks tof/L
sf7df8f}+÷clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ / cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] tof/Ldf hf]8tf]8n]
h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . xfn dlxnf / ljBfyL{ ;Dd]ngsf] k|rf/k|;f/n] tLa|tf lnPsf] 5 .
oxL c;f/ !% / !^ ut] x'g] rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;kmn kfg{ xfn cg]d;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_sf ljleGg lhNnfx?df ;Dd]ng, e]nf, k|rf/–k|;f/nufotsf ultljlwx?
;DkGg eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;} qmddf …;fdGtL /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfb /
;fd|fHojfblj?4 ;zQm cfGbf]ng, cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; / dlxnf d'lQmsf] kIfdf
rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngÚ eGg] cfx\jfg ub}{ cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ n] ckLn / kf]:6/
k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 eg] dlxnf d'lQmsf] klxnf] cfwf/ k}t[s ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/,
;fdflhs ljs[lt, lj;+ultlj?4 ;zQm ;+3if{ u/f}+, hf“8–/S;L, h'jftf; aGb u/L
;Eo ;dfh lgdf{0f u/f}+, ;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnf nfu" u/, b]xJofkf/, cZnLn
lj1fkg / kqklqsf aGb u/, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;Demgf clwsf/Lnufot a]kQf kfl/Psf
;Dk"0f{ gful/sx?sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs u/, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o wd{zLnf rfkfufO{+ nufot
;Dk"0f{ /fhaGbLx?nfO{ l/xf u/, cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf u/, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d
;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj u/, ;fdGtL cfTd;dk{0fjfb d'bf{jfb, cd]l/sg
;fd|fHojfb d'bf{jfb, dfn]dfjfb / k|r08ky lhGbfjfb tyf cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
lhGbfjfb eGg] !@ j6f ;xfos gf/fx? cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf]
tof/Ldf Jo:t /xg'ePsL ;+u7gsL s]Gb|Lo ;+of]hs hok'/L 3tL{n] lxhf] hgfb]z;“u
s'/f ub}{ ;Dd]ngsf] tof/L clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .
pxf“n] ;Dd]ng ;kmn kfg{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfodf cfx\jfg ;d]t
ug'{ePsf] 5 .
;Dd]ng tof/Ls} qmddf cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ rf}yf] ;Dd]ng cfof]hs ;ldltn]
k|sflzt u/]sf] krf{df elgPsf] 5– …dWoo'uLg
kmfl;i6
;Qfsf] dlxnflj/f]wL gLlt oyfjt\ /x];Dd ;fdfGo ;'wf/jfbL cfGbf]ngaf6 dfq
dlxnfx?sf] jt{dfg l:yltdf s'g} kl/jt{g x'g] 5}g . dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{
juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo d'lQm cfGbf]ng;“u Psfsf/ ub}{ lg/Gt/ cfGbf]ngsf]
k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 a9\g'k5{ .Ú
;f] krf{df– …dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kysf] ;}4flGts
cfnf]sn] k"0f{ PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] cu|ufdL r]tgfåf/f /fHo;Qfdf cfd"n
kl/jt{g u/]/ dfq jf:tljs cy{df dlxnfx?sf] k"0f{ d'lQm x'g]5Ú elgPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ut h]7 #! ut] cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] rf}yf] lhNnf
;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . nlntk'/sf] a'ªdtL 5\ofl;sf]6df cfof]lht sfo{qmdaLr
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o dg' x'dfufO{+n] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] pQm ;Dd]ngn] n;tf >]i7sf]
cWoIftfdf !# ;b:oLo cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ nlntk'/ lhNnf ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L g]kfnL qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{x?sf] k|ltlglw ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo'
-qmflGtsf/L_ sf] oxL c;f/ @) b]lv @@ ut];Dd sf7df8f}+df x'g] !^ cf}+ /fli6«o
;Dd]ng ;kmn kfg{ Jofks ultljlw cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . xfn ;Dd]ngsf] tof/Lsf nflu
b]zJofkL ?kdf k|rf/–k|;f/, e]nf, ;Dd]ng, kf]:6l/ªnufotsf sfo{x? cl3a9]sf 5g\ .
o;}aLr /f]Nkfaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ /f]Nkfsf] rf}wf}+
lhNnf ;Dd]ng ut h]7 @( / #) ut] df8Lrf}/l:yt jfnpbo df=lj=df ;DkGg eof] .
em08} ;f9] # ;o k|ltlglw tyf ko{j]Ifsx? ;xefuL /x]sf] pQm ;Dd]ngn] /Tg dx/fsf]
cWoIftfdf @% ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] pkfWoIfdf ofbj yfkf,
;lrj k'g a'9f, ;x–;lrj df]xg af7f, ;b:ox? ;GbLk k'/], x]d/fh lh=;L=, s[i0fdfof
s]=;L=, lji0f' lj=s=, zld{nf s]=;L=, dfgl;+x lj=s=, emfGs'k|;fb 3tL{, dgaxfb'/
k'g, j;Gt yfkf, xl/x/ ;]tL dxt, ljqmd yfkf, s"naxfb'/ cf]nL, t]hdfg 3tL{,
g/]Gb| lji6, dfgl;+x lj=s=, d'Qm 8f“uL, wdf{ uf}td, 6'sdfg dx/f x'g'x'G5 .
o;}u/L df]/ªaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ …lg/+s'ztf, k|ltudg / oyfl:yltlj?4
;zQm ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng, z}lIfs cu|ult / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf ;ftf}+ df]/¨ lhNnf
;Dd]ngÚ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ df]/¨sf] ;ftf}+ lhNnf ;Dd]ng
ut h]7 #) ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm ;Dd]ng pb\3f6gsf qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltly
tyf ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj lxdfn zdf{n] cl3Nnf] jftf{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ l;Wofpg
p2]Zon] ;QfkIfn] g} e¨ ug{ afWo kf/]]sf] / o;kl5 klg ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] Ozf/fdf
if8\oGq eO/x]sf]n] ljBfyL{x? ca ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 n8\g tof/ /xg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
h]7 #! ut] ;DkGg aGb ;]zgn] O{Zj/ 9'ª\ufgfsf] cWoIftfdf # ;b:o kl5
yKg]u/L @# ;b:oLo clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . h;df
pkfWoIf nf]rg wdnf / lji0f' jf:sf]6f, ;lrj ho/fd ;'Gbf;, ;x–;lrj k|sfz kf}8]n,
sf]iffWoIf ;~h' rf}xfg, ;b:ox? afn]Zj/ sfdt, lk|o+sf rf}w/L, cd[t dxtf], ljgf]b
l3ld/], s[i0f v8\sf, /fh]Gb| uf}td, 6Lsf g]kfn, afns'df/ b]jsf]6f, ldqk|;fb e§/fO{,
k|]d clwsf/L, sdn l/hfn, l8NnL kf}8]n, d]g'sf r]dhf]¨, jL/axfb'/ a:g]t
/xg'ePsf] 5 .
o:t} cfh} clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ af“s] lhNnf ;ldltsf] !# cf}+ lhNnf ;Dd]ng
s]=;= /fdbLk cfrfo{sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg x'“b}5 .
sf7df8f}+÷k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;/sf/ kl/jt{g
/ bf];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{df ePsf ;xdltx?sf] sfof{Gjog gx'g'n] k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f
jftf{ eª\u eO;s] klg dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] w}o{ eg] g6'6]sf] s'/f dfcf]jfbL
jftf{6f]nLsf ;+of]hs Pjd\ ;b:ox?n] sflnsf]6, l;Gw'nL, k;f{, c3f{vf“rLnufotsf
:yfgx?df h]7 #! ut] ePsf ljzfn hg;efx?df ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
b]zsf] cToGt} lk5l8Psf] s0ff{nL k|b]z b'O{ ;o rf}+tL; jif{b]lv pTkL8gdf
/x]sf] rrf{ ub}{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf jftf{6f]nL ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n]
sflnsf]6df cfof]lht ljzfn hg;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ eGg'eof]– …zf;sx?af6 efiff,
;flxTo, snf / ;“:s[ltsf] pb\ud:yn s0ff{nLnfO{ /f]u, ef]ssf] lj1fkg b]vfO{
n'6\g] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .Ú pxf“n] cufl8 eGg'eof]– …s0ff{nLsf hgtfnfO{
:jfoQ zf;g glbP;Dd cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ ..Ú
…cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] n8fO“df s0ff{nLsf hgtfn] h'emf? / qmflGtsf/L l:kl/6
b]vfPsf 5g\Ú pxf“sf] yk syg lyof] .
;f]xL ;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qLo d'lQm df]rf{sf ;+of]hs
v8\saxfb'/ ljZjsdf{n] eGg'eof]– …g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGt;lxtsf] lgsf; kfpg]
rfxgfnfO{ s'7f/f3ft ug]{ dfgl;stf k'/fgf] ;Qfn] /fV5 eg] s0ff{nLsf % nfv hgtf
hg;]gf eP/ sf7df8f}+ sAhf ug{ hfg]5g\ .Ú
;f] sfo{qmdnfO{ g]kfn /fli6«o blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lji0f'
lj=s=, cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o uf]/Lsnf lj=s=, sflnsf]6±afh'/f ;+o'Qm
lhNnfsf hg;/sf/ k|d'v e/t jd nufotsf jQmfx?n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm
sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj hgkl/rfng ;ldltsf ;+of]hs wghLt zfxLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg]
afn snfsf/x?n] /f]rs b]p8f uLt k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfddf Ps ljzfn hg;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
;f]xL ljzfn hg;efsf k|d'v cltly Pjd\ jftf{6f]nLsf ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -jfbn_n]
…k'/fgf] ;Qfn] jftf{ e¨ u/]sf] 3f]if0ff dfq ug{ af“sL /fv]sf] eP klg xfdLn]
uDeL/tfk"j{s w}o{tf u'dfPsf 5}gf}+Ú eGg'eof] . pxf“n] cfkm\gf]
hgd'lQm ;]gf;“u /x]sf] xltof/nfO{ ;d:of b]Vg]k|lt nlIft ub}{ eGg'eof]–
…ToxL eP/ g} xfdLn] /fli6«o ;]gfsf] s'/f p7fPsf 5f}+ . xfdL xfd|f]
xltof/ hgtfafx]s c? s;}nfO{ a'emfpg rfxGgf}+ . xfdL ;f“rf] cy{df hgtfnfO{
xltof/ a'emfpg] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}+ .Ú dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] lj?4df ul/Psf]
k|rf/sf] v08g ub}{ jfbnn] eGg'eof]– …clwsf/ dfu]/ kfO“b}g eg] vf];]/
lnG5f}+ . To;f] ubf{ s'g ju{n] s;/L x]5{ / s] eG5 eGg] s'/f ;xfos xf] .Ú
k~r]jfhfn] jftf{6f]nLsf ;b:o yfkfnufotsf cltlynfO{ :jfut ul/Psf] pQm
hg;efdf clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL
s]Gb|Lo
sf]iffWoIf u+uf clwsf/L, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o o'j/fh rf}nfufO{+,
dfemL d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf t'nfaxfb'/ dfemL, hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnsf s=
g/]zn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . z}n'ª ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?n]
k|:t't u/]sf] hgjfbL uLt–g[Ton] sfo{qmdnfO{ cem} /f]rs agfPsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf sNkgf ;'j]bL, :jfut
b]jLbQ b]jsf]6f / ;~rfng ;'/taxfb'/ :ofªtfgn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L jL/u~hdf h]7 #! ut] g} cfof]lht ljzfn hg;ef ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly Pjd\ jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:o dft[sf ofbjn] dw]zL hgtfnfO{
;Daf]wg ub}{ eGg'eof]– …jftf{df k'/fgf] ;Qf Odfgbf/ ePsf] 5}g, To;sf]
va/bf/L ug{ dw]zL hg;d'bfo aGb's ag]/ p7\g'kg]{ a]nf ePsf] 5 .Ú dw]zL
;d'bfosf nf]slk|o g]tf ofbjsf] cfu|x lyof]– …clwsf/sf nflu dw];L ;d'bfo
casf] lg0ff{os n8fO“ n8\g tof/ x'g'k5{ .Ú
k;f{ lhNnfsf] jL/u~hl:yt /¨zfnfdf cfof]lht pQm sfo{qmddf clvn g]kfn
ls;fg ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o huGgfy g]kfn, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o xl/
rf}nfufO{+, dfcf]jfbL k|ltlglw s= k|sfz, dw]zL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:ox?n] klg ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj dhb'/ g]tf zDe'
kf}8]nn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;/L g} c3f{vf“rL lhNnfsf] ;lGwvs{df dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLsf ;b:o b]j
u'?ªn] ;Daf]wg ug'{eof] . h]7 @& ut] /fhg}lts hgkl/rfng ;ldlt
c3f{vf“rLåf/f cfof]lht pQm sfo{qmddf u'?ªn], …PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbL :jtGqtf /
:jfwLgtfsf] o'u xf], ToxL o'u Nofpg ut ebf} @# ut] c3f{vf“rL ;b/d'sfd sAhf ug{
cfPsf lyof}+ . oxf“sf Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfosf] ;xof]un] To;df ;kmn klg eof}+ .Ú
pxf“n] cufl8 eGg'eof]– …hg;d'bfosf] o:t} ;xof]u / ;dy{g s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf
sAhf ug]{ a]nf;Dd /lx/xg] cfzf ub{5f}+ .Ú
@)!! ;fnsf] g/kfgL ;+3if{, art lkmtf{ cfGbf]ng, )@* sf] x/]{a/]{ h:tf
P]ltxfl;s 36gfn] dxTjk"0f{ 7flgPsf] lhNnf c3f{vfrLdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf
dlxnf g]t[ nIdL >]i7, du/ft /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf bLks j}zfnL du/, blnt
d'lQm df]rf{sf lvdaxfb'/ lj=s=, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o dfwj zdf{n]
;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj rGb| v8\sf, :jfut efif0f s]zj
zdf{ / ;~rfng 7fs'/ g]kfnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] aLraLrdf lemd|'s
;f“:s[lts kl/jf/, Ko'7fg, /];'¨ ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ u'NdL / cfx\jfg
;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ c3f{vf“rLsf hgsnfsf/x?åf/f k|:t't u/]sf hgjfbL
uLt–g[Tox?n] ;efnfO{ yk /f]rs agfPsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L a}zfv @& ut] afun'ªsf] ;b/d'sfd afun'ª ahf/df cfof]lht Ps ljzfn hg;efnfO{ dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ yfkfn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ yfkfn] ;/sf/n] o'4lj/fd cfrf/;+lxtfsf] OdfGbfl/k"j{s kfngf gu/]sf] / jftf{af6 lgsf; lgsfNg] s'/fnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s glnPsf] atfp“b} cfkm"x? clGtd ;do;Dd w}o{ ug]{ atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] cd]l/sfsf] rLg 3]g]{ gLlt cg'?k g]kfndfly x:tIf]k a9fO/x]sf] atfp“b} cd]l/sfnfO{ leotgfdsf] kf7 k9fpg] atfpg'eof] .
l ch'{g yklnof÷;ª\uLtf v8\sf
d}gfkf]v/L -bf]nvf_÷
;f+u7lgs sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf /f}tx6sf] lkk/f ahf/df ut jif{ c;f/ @ ut] df]6/;fOsndf
ofqf ul//x“bf zfxL ;]gfn] uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/g'ePsf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o l/taxfb'/ v8\sfsf] k|yd :d[lt lbj; Ps cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd u/L dgfOof] .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ bf]nvf lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg
…sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf l/taxfb'/ v8\sfn] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgÚ ljifos cGtlqm{of
sfo{qmdsf jQmfx?n] l/taxfb'/ v8\sfn] g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf dxTjk"0f{
of]ubfg lbg'ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
pQm cGtlqm{of sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly Pjd\ bf]nvf lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v z+s/
nfdfn] Pp6f l;4fGtlgi7 qmflGtsf/L l;kfxL, bIf n8fs", j}1flgs ;f]rsf wgL,
s'zn ;+u7s, ldng;f/ / b[9lgZroL :jefjsf wgL l/taxfb'/ v8\sfsf] zxfbtn] cfkm\gf]
kf6L{nfO{ uDeL/ Iflt ePsf] t/ To;sf] ;fy;fy} pxf“sf] zxfbt hgo'4sf] ljsf;df
sf];]9'¨f ;fljt ePsf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf csf{ cltly bf]nvf lhNnfsf
O~rfh{ b]zaGw'n] l/taxfb'/ v8\sf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt ;b:o eP/
hgo'4sf] lkmN8df v6\bfv6\b} /ut lbP/ hgo'4nfO{ csf]{ p“rfOdf k'¥ofPsf]
atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …xfdL g]kfnL hgtfsf] d'lQmsf lglDt
lg/Gt/ n8\b} gof“ hgjfbL g]kfnsf] :yfkgf ug'{ g} pxf“k|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL
x'g]5 .Ú
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ l/taxfb'/ v8\sfsf z}lIfs / /fhg}lts u'?
OGb|axfb'/ v8\sfn] l/taxfb'/ v8\sfsf af/]df efjk"0f{ :d/0f ug'{eof] .
pxf“n] 5f]6f] ;dodf g} lgs} k|ult u/]sf] / ;fg} pd]/df g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf]
s]Gb|Lo
;b:osf] x}l;otdf k'Ug ;kmn ePsf] atfp“b}
kl5Nnf] r/0fdf w]/} ljifox?df cfkm"n] l/taxfb'/ v8\sfaf6 l;Sg] u/]sf]
atfpg'eof] .. Pdfn]sf lzj e08f/L, g]sfsf tLy{axfb'/ v8\sf, /fk|kfsf gjLg
nfdfn] l/taxfb'/ v8\sf km/s kf6L{sf] Ps lhDd]jf/ ;b:o eP klg JolQmut ?kdf Pp6f
ldng;f/, l;4fGtlgi7 / bf]nvfsf] ;Rrf ;'k'q ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf lhNnf kf6L{ k|ltlglw gjLg l/dfnn] l/taxfb'/
v8\sfsf] zxfbtsf] 36gfn] k|ltlqmofjfbLsf g]tfx? ;'/lIft a;]/ sfo{stf{nfO{ n8\g
k7fp“5g\ eGg] asjf;nfO{ k"0f{?kdf em'§f k|dfl0ft ub}{ g]t[Tj ;w}+
lkmN8df lqmofzLn eO/xg] pbfx/0f k]z u/]/ pxf“ hfg'ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pQm
cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd bf]nvf kf6L{ ;]qm]6/L s= cl:dtfsf] ;efkltTj, ljsf;sf] ;~rfng /
cljgfzsf] :jfut efif0f;lxt ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
)@* efb| !) ut] h'u'sf] s]z/Ldf hGdg'ePsf l/taxfb'/ v8\sf zxfbtsf] a]nfdf
s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt ;b:osf cltl/Qm bf]nvf lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v / a6flnog sld;f/;d]t
x'g'x'GYof] . cfkm\gf] 5f]/fnfO{ :d/0f ub}{ lav{axfb'/ v8\sf
…cfkm"n] Pp6f ;Rrf ;'k'q hGdfpg ;s]sf]df cfkm" uf}/jflGjt ePsf]Ú
atfpg'x'G5 . cfdf dgdfof cfkm"n] cfkm\gf b'O{j6f 5f]/f -PsnfO{
k~rfotsfndf lx/f;td} xTof ul/Psf]_ zxLb ePsf]df kL8feGbf a9L b]zsf nflu /ut
aufpg] 5f]/fx? hGdfpg ;s]sf] v'zL x'g'x'G5 . pxf“x?df dfcf]jfbLn]
cfkm\gf] 5f]/fsf] /utsf] abnf lnP/} 5f8\g] bl/nf] ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L /fd]5fkaf6 lhNnf O~rfh{ nlntn] hfgsf/L u/fPcg';f/ l/taxfb'/
v8\sfsf] :d[ltdf lhNnfsf ufun, k'/fgf] ufp“, 88'jf, vf“8fb]jL, lbdLkf]v/L /
sfe|]sf] nvgk'/, rf}+/L nufotsf ufp“ tyf Pl/ofx?df ljleGg sfo{qmdx? cfof]hgf
ul/Psf 5g\ .. To:t} l;Gw'nL, /f}tx6, ;nf{xL, l;/fxf, wg'iff nufotsf
lhNnfx?df klg ljleGg sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf u/L l/taxfb'/ v8\sfsf] :d[ltdf ;efx?
;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3g hf/L
sf7df8f}+÷ gof“ ;Qf / k'/fgf] ;QfaLr ePsf] bf];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{kl5
;/sf/L kIfn] cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3g lg/Gt/ ?kdf a[l4 ub}{ uPsf ;dfrf/x? k|fKt ePsf
5g\ .
hgfb]znfO{
k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ h]7 @* ut] bfr'{nfsf] uf]s'n]Zj/df ;b/d'sfdaf6 uPsf] zfxL
;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] zflGtk"0f{ sfo{ ul//x]sf hg;]gfsf] !& ;b:oLo Ps
6's8LnfO{ 3]/f xfnL lu/km\tf/ u/]kZrft\ xfn vf]8\k] Aof/]sdf r/d oftgfk"j{s
/flvPsf] 5 . ;f] 36gfkl5 Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
bfr'{nf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= nf]s]zn] zfxL ;]gfsf] pQm lqmofsnfksf] 3f]/ eT;{gf /
lgGbf ug'{ePsf] 5 / lx/f;tdf lnOPsf hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnsf ;a} ;b:ox?nfO{ tTsfn
l/xfO ug{ r]tfjgL lbg'ePsf] 5 . lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5– …hgtfsf]
zflGtk"0f{ cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] rfxgfnfO{ sb/ ub}{ b]z / hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL eP/
cToGt} nlrnf] / uDeL/tfsf ;fy g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ jftf{df cfPsf] a]nf k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] of] /j}ofn] pm ljb]zL zlQmsf] uf]6L ag]sf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 .Ú gof“
;/sf/sf] lgo'lQm nuQ} ePsf] of] 36gfn] ;/sf/ uDeL/ if8\oGqdf nfu]sf] k'li6
u/]sf] 5 eGb} pxf“n] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ jftf{af6 efUg glbg / cu|ufdL lgsf; lgsfNg
;zQm hgbafj ;[hgf ug{ hg;d'bfonfO{ cg'/f]w klg ug'{ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L
af/faf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ kyn}of Aof/]saf6 uPsf] zfxL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]
dfcf]jfbLsf $ hgf sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/km\tf/
u/]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] lgoldt sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf ;[hgf, gjLg, pef/ / gfd
gv'n]sf csf{ PshgfnfO{ zfxL ;]gfsf] u:tL 6f]nLn] ufp“ 3]/fp u/L h]7 @@ ut]
sAhfdf lnPsf] lyof] . xfn pxf“x?nfO{ s]6L a]Rg] cf/f]kdf em'§f d'2f
rnfOPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . To:t} l;Gw'kfNrf]saf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ ;]gfsf]
u:tLn] b'O{hgf ljBfyL{ sfo{stf{x? e/t yfkf / :jtGq rf}nfufO{+nfO{ lu/km\tf/
u/]sf] 5 . c;f/ ! ut] lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ xfn d]nDrL Aof/]sdf
/flvPsf] pxf“x?sf kfl/jfl/s ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 .
To:t}
s}nfnLsf] x;'lnof, km"naf/L, /tgk'/, ehgL nufotsf :yfgx?df ;]gfsf] u:tL
6f]nLn] Jofks ?kdf lu/km\tf/L / vfgtnf;L ug]{ u/]sf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
;f]xL qmddf h]7 #) ut] dfq ;kgf rf}w/L / b[li6 rf}w/LnfO{ ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/
u/]sf] 5 .. /fd]5fkaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ km'nf;L ahf/df bf]/Dafdf x'g]
hg;efsf] k|rf/sf] nflu dfOlsª ub}{ u/]sf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ ;]gfsf] u:tL
6f]nLn] sAhf u/L xTof u/]sf] lyof] . zfxL ;]gfsf] u:tLn] dfOlsª ul//x]sf
ly/nfn df]Qmfg / lji0f'dfof yfkfnfO{ sAhf u/L 8f]/Ln] af“w]/ ahf/d} s'6lk6
u/]sf] k|ToIfbzL{ :yfgLojf;L atfp“5g\ . pgLx?sf cg';f/ oftgf lbPkl5
df]QmfgnfO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/Psf] lyof] eg] ;f]xL 36gfdf lu/km\tf/ ul/PsL
lji0f'dfof yfkfnfO{ h]7 #! ut] l/xf ul/Psf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ /fd]5fksf O~rfh{
s= nlntn] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] ;]gfn] % ls=dL= aflx/ /x]sf] k'/fgf
ufp“, lr;fkfgL, km'nf;L, ltNk'ª, lxdu+uf, b]p/fnL nufotsf :yfgx?df vfgtnf;L
tyf k]6«f]lnª ub}{ :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg]{ sfo{ g/f]s]sf]df uDeL/
cfklQ;d]t hgfpg'ePsf] 5 .
sflnsf]6af6
k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ ;b/d'sfddf dO{ lbj; dgfpg h'l6/x]sf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf
tyf sfo{stf{x?dfly zfxL ;]gfn] cfqmd0f u/L s'6lk6 u/]sf] lyof] . sflnsf]6
kf“vf, 5fk|] nufotsf ljleGg :yfgdf uP/ zfxL ;]gfn] vfgf, /S;L / bfp/f
cfkm"nfO{ laqmL gu/]sf] eGb} hgtfnfO{ s'6lk6, lu/km\tf/ ub}{ lx+8]sf lyP .
xfn sflnsf]6, b}n]vsf ljleGg 7fp“x?df ;]gfsf] u:tL al9/x]sf] / ;]gfn]
7fp“7fp“df cgfjZos vfgtnf;L tLa| kfl//x]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L af“s]
jgs6'jfsf jL/l;+x rf}w/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] eGb} lu/km\tf/ u/L
s;}nfO{ e]6\g glbO{ oftgfk"j{s Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no sf]xnk'/df /flvPsf] 5 .
emfkfaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ v'b'gfaf/L z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df k|x/Lx? uP/ s'6lk6 tyf
lu/km\tf/ ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . h]7 @! ut] uPsf k|x/Ln] lzlj/leq /x]sf]
rr{nfO{ eTsfPsf lyP . k|x/Lsf] pQm sfo{sf] lj/f]w u/]s} sf/0f b'O{hgf
o'jfnfO{ eg] k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf] 5 .. ptf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
gjnk/f;L lhNnf cWoIf t'n;L/fd e';fn / cd/nfO{ sfjf;f]tLaf6 uPsf] ;]gfsf] u:tLn]
sAhfdf lnO{ rsf]{ oftgf lbPsf] lyof] . Jofks hgbafjsf sf/0f pxf“x?nfO{
rf/lbgkZrft\ :yfgLo kqsf/sf] lhDdf 5fl8Psf] 5 . To:t} afun'ªdf
;'/Iffkmf}hn] klqsf k;nx?df uP/ klqsf ljqm]tfx?nfO{ hgfb]znufotsf hgkIfLo
klqsfx? ljqmL u/]sf]df wDSofpg] u/]sf] 5 . :ofª\hf tyf kj{tnufot b]zsf
s}og\ :yfgx?df klg ;'/Iffkmf}hn] o:t} sfo{ hf/L /fv]sfn] :yfgLo ;d'bfo cfqmf]lzt
ag]sf 5g\ .
To;}u/L
a'6jnaf6 hgfb]z ;Djfbbftfn] k7fPsf] ;dfrf/cg';f/ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
g/xl/ cfrfo{n] o'4lj/fdkl5 klg ljleGg lhNnfdf nfu" ul/Psf] skm\o'{, ;}lgs
vfgtnf;L Pjd\ :jf:Yo lzlj/sf] gfddf u|fdL0f Onfsfdf k7fOPsf zfxL ;]gfaf6
;j{;fwf/0fn] o'4lj/fdsf] cg'e"lt ug{ gkfPsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
ljleGg
;+3–;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?;lxt /fKtL c~rnsf /f]Nkf, Ko'7fg / bfª lhNnfdf
o'4lj/fdkl5sf] cj:yfsf] cWoog e|d0fkZrft\ kmls{g'ePsf g]tf cfrfo{n] a'6jndf
kqsf/x?;“u ;+lIfKt s'/fsfgL ub}{ ;f] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ePsf] xf] .
o'4lj/fdsf]
cj:yfdf klg ljleGg axfgfdf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfn] ef]Ug'k/]sf] kL8faf/] cfkm"x?
tL :yfgdf uPsf] atfp“b} cfrfo{n] ;/sf/af6 ul/g] Hofbltdf sdL gcfPsf] :yfgLo
hgtfn] u'gf;f] kf]v]sf] klg cfrfo{n] eGg'eof] .
sf7df8f}+÷ g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] kIfdf / …KofS; cd]l/sfgfÚ -/f]dg
;fd|fHosf] cfw'lgs ;+:s/0f agfpg] cd]l/sL k|of;_sf lj?4df ut d] @( df O6fnLsf]
/fe]gfdf Ps k|bz{g ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmd u|'k
k|f]ln6]/L sDo'lgi6L (Group Proletari Communisti) / g]kfn ;f]ln8fl/6L sld6L (Nepal Solidirity Committee) sf] cfof]hgfdf /fe]gfsf] xlna6{g sf/vfgf
cufl8 ePsf] lyof] . pQm sf/vfgfdf cd]l/sL pk–/fi6«klt l8s r]gLn]
rnfp“b} cfPsf lyP .
sfo{qmddf
sf/vfgf u]6df Aofg/x? 6f“u]/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb, ;fd|fHojfbL e"–d08nLo
o'4 / O/fssf] …em'§f]Ú zflGtnfO{ gª\Uofp“b} efif0fx? u/]sf lyP .
;fy} sfo{qmdsf jQmfx?n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ …cft+sjfbLÚsf]
;"lrdf /fVg] cd]l/sL sbdsf] eT;{gf ;d]t u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf
k|bz{gsf/Lx?n] cd]l/sfsf] em08f 89fPsf lyP .
;f] sfo{qmd g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] ;dy{gdf b]zJofkL ?kdf cfof]lht
/fli6«o hgkl/rfng lbj;sf ;Gbe{df ePsf] lyof] . pQm /fli6«o hgkl/rfng
lbj;sf cfof]hsx? k|f]ln6]/L sDo'lg:6L / g]kfn ;f]ln8fl/6L sld6Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf
lyP .. pQm lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df t'l/g, ldnfg, 6«G6, 6f]/G6f] / kfn]df]{ zx/x?df
;ef / cGo sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ePsf] ;d]t sld6Ln] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+÷rGb ;/sf/sf] lj36gkl5 ag]sf] yfkf
;/sf/n] agfPsf] jftf{6f]nLn] k"0f{tf gkfO{ t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{ x'g g;Sg]
s'/f jftf{sf ;xhstf{ kb\d/Tg t'nfw/n] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL–;/sf/
zflGt jftf{sf ;xhstf{n] kb\d/Tg t'nfw/n] lxhf] hgfb]z;“u s'/f ub}{ eGg'eof]–
…rGb ;/sf/kl5 u7g ul/Psf] b'O{ ;b:oLo ;/sf/L jftf{6f]nLn] klg
jftf{–k|lqmofsf] u[xsfo{ / cWoog ul//x]sf 5f}+ elg/xg' /fHo
jftf{–k|lqmofk|lt uDeL/ gx'g' xf] .Ú bf];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{df ePsf ;xdlt
sfof{Gjog gx'“bf xfdL ;xhstf{sf] ?kdf ;fIfL a;]sfx?sf] s'/f ;d]t cf]em]ndf kg{
yfn]sf] 5 ;xhstf{ dWo]sf Ps t'nfw/n] eGg'ePsf] 5 .
…k'/fgf]
;Qfåf/f jftf{ e¨ eO;s]sf] 5, xfd|f] w}o{tfn] dfq o'4lj/fd sfod 5Ú eGg] s'/f
dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLsf ;b:ox?n] ;fj{hlgs ul//x]sf 5g\ lg < eGg] k|Zgsf]
hjfkmdf dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf t'nfw/n] eGg'eof]– …/fhgLlts bafj lbg To;f]
elgPsf] xf]nf . t}klg jftf{af6 efUb}gf}+ egL dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLsf
;b:ox?n] elg/xg'ePsf] 5, of] dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . o;nfO{ dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{sf] jftf{k|ltsf] k|lta4tfsf] ?kdf a'em\g ;lsG5 .Ú of] w}o{tfsf]
af“w 6'6fpg] sfd /fHokIfaf6 geOlbP t];|f] jftf{ x'g]lyof] . g]tf t'nfw/n]
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] l9nf;':tL / if8\oGqlt/ Oª\lut ub}{ eGg'eof] .
g]kfndf
ljb]zL if8\oGq / x:tIf]k a9\g yfn]sf] rrf{ ub}{ t'nfw/n] eGg'eof]– …g]kfnsf]
cfGtl/s dfldnfdf ljb]zL x:tIf]k lgDTofpg] sfd sxL+–st}af6 klg ug'{ x'“b}g .Ú
t'nfw/n] af“s]sf] s';'d 36gfsf] ;ª\s]t s] x'g;S5 egL /flvPsf] lh1f;fdf
eGg'eof]– …/fHon] dfcf]jfbL cfqmd0fsf] cfz+sfdf km]l/ :j]R5frfl/tf a9fpg
yfNg' lj8Dagf xf] .Ú
…/fHo
af“s]sf] s';'ddf h:t} cfkm\gf] sdhf]/L k|:t't ub}{ hfG5 eg] jftf{ e¨ x'G5 ls
eGg] lrGtf lng' kl//x]sf] 5Ú eGg' x'“b} ;xhstf{ t'nfw/n] cufl8 eGg'eof]–
…tTsfnLg /fli6«o ;d:ofnfO{ tfls{s lgisif{df k'¥ofpg h;/L dfcf]jfbL kf6L{
nrstfsf ;fy cfPsf] 5, To:t} /fHokIfaf6, /fhg}lts bn / gful/s ;dfhaf6 klg kxn
x'g' h?/L 5 .Ú …casf] jftf{df /fhg}lts Ph]08fdf g} ax; u/fpg] u/L cfh jf
ef]ln k|wfgdGqLnfO{ e]6\b}5f}+Ú t'nfw/n] eGg'eof] .
o;}u/L jftf{sf csf{ ;xhstf{ k"j{ ;efd'v bdggfy 9'¨fgfn] xfn
cfem]ndf kg{ nfu]sf] jftf{af/] s]xL atfpg rfxg'ePg t/ ;j{kIfLo /fhg}lts ;Dd]ng
g} clxn]sf] lgsf; lgsfNg] dfWod x'g ;S5 eGg'eof] . csf{ ;xhstf{ s0f{Wjh
clwsf/Ln] wldln+b} uPsf] jftf{–k|lqmofaf/] s'g} k|ltlqmof lbg rfxg'ePg .
To:t} zflGtjftf{sf csf{ ;xhstf{ z}n]Gb|s'df/ pkfWofon] ljutdf ePsf] ;xdltnfO{
kfngf ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu /fli6«o /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng ug'{kg]{
atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] ca km/s–km/s Ph]08f /flv/xg] xf] eg] ;d:of
;dfwfg gx'g] / To;}n] /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng cfjZos ePsf] hf]8 lbg'eof] .
tfdfªx?sf] k|yd clwj]zg
sf7df8f}+÷ d'n'se/sf s/La aL; nfv tfdfªx?sf]
hftLo :jfoQtf / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf nflu ljut kf“r jif{b]lv ;+3if{ ub}{
cfO/x]sf] tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] k|yd /fli6«o clwj]zg cfufdL c;f/ !) /
!! ut] x'g] ePsf] 5 .
tfdfª /fli6«o
d'lQm df]rf{sf cWoIf u+ufaxfb'/ tfdfªsf cg';f/ pQm k|yd /fli6«o clwj]zgdf
d'n'se/sf tfdfª afx'No bh{gf}+ lhNnfx?af6 * ;o eGbf a9L k|ltlglw /
ko{j]Ifsx?sf] pkl:ylt /xg]5 . …b]zLo ;fdGtjfb;“u dfq geP/ cfufdL lbgdf
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;“u klg n8\g'kg]{ kl/l:ylt ;[hgf x'“b} uPsfn] of] ;Dd]ngn]
cfd tfdfªx?nfO{ ;fd|fHojfb;“u n8\gsf nflu klg tof/ /xg ;Gb]z
lbg]5Ú– cWoIf u+ufaxfb'/ tfdfªn] eGg'eof] .
g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_n] jftf{sf] 6]a'ndf /fv]sf dfux?sf] ;dy{g ub}{ tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm
df]rf{n] jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] Ps dfq lgsf; uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ /
;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ePsf] 7x/ u/]sf] 5 . pxf“sf cg';f/ tfdfª /fli6«o
d'lQm df]rf{n] cfufdL k|yd /fli6«o clwj]zgdfkm{t\ zflGtjftf{ ;kmn kfg{, uf]nd]r
;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ug{ Jofks hgbafj klg l;h{gf ug]{5 .
)%% d+l;/ % ut] lgdf{0f ePsf] tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{n] :yfkgfsfnb]lv hftLo
:jzf;g / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf nflu zflGtk"0f{ lj/f]wsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng
ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] . t/ s/La b'O{ jif{cl3 d'n'se/ ;ª\s6sfn nufOPkl5 k'/fgf]
;Qfn] tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{dfly k|ltaGw nufPsf] lyof] . …xfdL
j}wflgs ;+3if{df x'“bfx'“b} v; hftLo ;fdGtL ;Qfn] bdg u¥of] . xfdL ca
;+3if{nfO{ emg\ prfOdf k'¥ofpg rfxG5f}+Ú tfdfª g]tf u+ufaxfb'/ tfdfªn]
atfpg'eof] .
;/sf/L tYofª\scg';f/ g]kfnsf] s"n hg;+Vofsf] %=% k|ltzt tfdfªx?
/x]sf 5g\ . ljz]if u/L sf7df8f}+ pkTosf glhssf wflbª, /;'jf, dsjfgk'/,
g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf, /fd]5fk / l;Gw'nLnufot ( lhNnfdf tfdfªx?sf]
afSnf] a:tL /x]sf] 5 .. xfn;Dd Psbh{g lhNnfx?df tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm
df]rf{sf lhNnf clwj]zgx? ;DkGg eO;s]sf 5g\ .
tfdfª /fli6«o
d'lQm df]rf{sf ;b:ox?n] :yfkgfsf] 5f]6} ;dodf zxfbtsf 7"nf sLlt{dfgx? v8f
ul/;s]sf 5g\ . xfn;Dd df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o tyf ;+:yfks s]Gb|Lo
;b:o ?b|axfb'/ kflv|g tyf csf{ ;+:yfks ;b:o jL/axfb'/ df]Qmfgn] zxfbt k|fKt
ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g'jfsf]6 lhNnf cWoIf
jL/axfb'/ tfdfª / wflbª lhNnf cWoIf u0f]zaxfb'/ tfdfªsf] klg zxfbt eO;s]sf] 5 ..
hgo'4 ;'? ePotf ;aeGbf a9L sfe|]df #) hgf tfdfªx?sf] k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfn] xTof
u/]sf] 5 . xfn;Dd d'n'se/ # ;oeGbf a9L lgbf]{if tfdfªx?n] zxfbt k|fKt
u/]sf 5g\ . k|yd /fli6«o clwj]zgsf] tof/Lsf qmddf tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm
df]rf{n] …km\ofkm'NnfÚ zLif{ssf] cfsif{s kf]:6/ k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 .
e'6fgdf qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ng bGsg]
sf7df8f}+÷e'6fg sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
-dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL–dfcf]jfbL_ sf] :yfkgfkZrft\ Jofks ultljlwx? cl3
al9/x]sf ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|fKt va/cg';f/ xfn /fhwfgL lyDk'nufot
b]z}el/ dfcf]jfbL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] gf/fn] leQfx? /l¨Psf 5g\ / krf{ ljt/0f /
kf]:6l/¨nfO{ tLa| kfl/Psf] 5 .
blIf0f
Pl;ofsf] cToGt} lk5l8Psf] d'n's e'6fgdf dfcf]jfbL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] hGdkZrft\
Toxf“sf] /fHo;Qfsf] r/d zf]if0f / lyrf]ldrf]df k/]sf nfvf}+ hgtf sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf] kIfdf b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] dfWodaf6 gof“ hgjfbL
Joj:yf :yfkgf ug]{ pb\3f]ifsf ;fy u7g ePsf] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] cfx\jfgdf utxKtf
b]zsf ljleGg efux?df k|bz{gx? ;d]t ePsf] va/ 5 . oL ultljlwx? x]bf{ e'6fgdf
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng bGsg] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}aLr e'6fgsf
qmflGtsf/L ls;fgx?nfO{ Pstf
a4 agfp“b} ls;fg cfGbf]ng ;~rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] xfn} clvn e'6fg ls;fg ;+3sf]
u7g ul/Psf] 5 .. gjul7t ls;fg ;+3sf dxf;lrj vhof]åf/f ut h]7 @% ut]sf]
ldltdf hf/L k|]; jQmJodf gf}nf] hgjfbL ls;fg qmflGtsf nflu ls;fg ;+3sf] cu|ufdL
qmflGtsf/L g]t[Tjdf uf]naGb eO{ lgd{d ls;fg qmflGt 5]8\g xflb{s cfx\jfg ul/Psf]
5 .
lj1lKtdf
ljleGg dfux? p7fP/ cfGbf]ng cl3 a9fpg] hgfOPsf] 5 . ls;fg ;+3n] /fv]sf !$
;"qLo dfux? o; k|sf/ 5g\–w hah{:tL b]z lgsfnf
ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ ls;fg hgtfsf] hUufhldg lagfzt{ ;–;Ddfg lkmtf{ ug'{k5{ w qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ nfu" u/L hUufljxLg s[lif dhb'/x?nfO{ kof{Kt
hUuf ljt/0f x'g'k5{ w ls;fgx?sf] lxt ljk/Ltsf klxnfsf ;a} hUufhldg / s[lif;DaGwL sfnf
e"–clwlgodx? vf/]h u/L qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ P]gsf] lgdf{0f ul/g'k5{ w ls;fg hg;d'bfosf] xs
clwsf/ / ;'/Iffsf] k"0f{ Uof/]G6L x'g'k5{ w ;Dk"0f{ ls;fg
hgtfsf] vf]l;Psf] gful/stf lagf e]befj lkmtf{ lbg'k5{ w ;fdGtL k'/ftg pTkfbg
k|0ffnLdf cfd"n kl/jt{g u/L cfw'lgs / j}1flgs pTkfbg k|0ffnL nfu"
ul/g'k5{ w s[lif pTkfbsf] ahf/ Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;'ud kfl/g'k5{ w b'u{d s'gf–sGb/fdf
lk5l8Psf u/La ls;fgju{sf] hLjg:t/ p7fpg] cu|ufdL sbd rflng'k5{ w ;fd"lxs v]tLsf]
j}1flgs cfwf/nfO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofOg' kb{5 w /fHoåf/f
ls;fgdfly yf]kl/g] r/d zf]if0fsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ w ls;fg hgtfnfO{ cfw'lgs pTkfbgsf nflu k|fljlws tflndsf] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ w ;a} ;'Vvf 7fpFdf s'nf],
gx/ cflbsf] dfWodaf6 l;rfO{ ;'lawf k'¥ofOg' kb{5 w ls;fg hgtfsf 5f]/f
5f]/Lsf] nflu lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ . zf]lift e'6fgL ls;fg
;d'bfon] s] s'/f a'‰g'k5{ eg] e"6fgL ls;fg hgtfsf] k|d'v zq' eg]sf] g}
jt{dfg /fhtGq xf] . of] kmfl;i6jfbL ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] k"0f{ cGTo /
ls;fgx?sf] clwgfosTjdf :yfkgf x'g] hgtGqn] dfq of] ;d:ofsf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg
ug{;S5 .
ls;fg qmflGtsf
nflu cfh;Dd e"ldut?kdf sfo{/t clvn e"6fg ls;fg ;+3 oL !$ ;"qLo
dfu /fvL cf}krfl/s ?kdf :yfkgf ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5 .
s';'d le8Gtsf] kf]n v'Nb}5
sf7df8f}+÷
cfOtaf/ / ;f]daf/ g]kfnsf ;~rf/dfWodx?n] Pp6f ;g;gLk"0f{ va/ k|zf/0f u/] .
o'4lj/fdsf a]nf b'O{ hjfg ;}lgssf] d[To' ePsf] / rf/ hjfg ;}lgs ;Vt 3fOt]
x'g]u/L bf]xf]/f] le8Gt ePsf] va/n] ;a}nfO{ ut df3 !% ut]eGbf cl3Nnf lbgx? :d/0f
ug{ afWo agfof] .
cflv/
dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+sf nfUbfljlQs} uf]nL k|xf/ ug]{ ;/sf/sf] df3 !% ut]cl3sf] /j}of
sfod} /x]5 / jftf{sf] gf6s u/]/ ;/sf/ bdgs} if8\oGq ub}{5 eGg] s'/fsf] k'li6
af“s]sf] s';'ddf ePsf] 36gfn] u/]sf] 5 .. /fhgLltdf d'l5g grfx]sf] atfpg]
t/ ;w}+ /fhgLlts ultljlwdfly zL3| jQmJojfhL ug]{ /Iff dGqfnon] l9n} dfq s';'d
36gf Pp6f lu|g]8 k8\s]/ ePsf] / o;df s;}sf] ;+nUgtf g/x]sf]
jQmJo hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
ut zlgaf/
s';'dsf hgtfsf] zflGtk|ltsf] cfzfdfly s'Nr“b} ;/sf/n] Toxf“ tLg bh{g ;z:q
k|x/Lsf] SofDk v8f u¥of] / ToxL ;f“em s';'dsf] zflGt eª\u ub}{ eLif0f ;+3if{
rls{of] . Ps kIfn] csf]{nfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cfz+sf ub}{ zfxL ;]gf / ;z:q
k|x/Ln] Psfk;df uf]nL xfgfxfg u/]sf / To;df ;]gftkm{ b'O{ hgfsf] 36gf:ynd}
xtfxtL / $ hgf 3fOt] ePsf] va/ ef]lnkN6} ;fj{hlgs eof] .
hgbdg ug]{
;/sf/L ;+oGqsf lx:;]bf/ s]xL ;/sf/L ;"qx?n] pQm 36gf dfcf]jfbLn]
ljR5\ofPsf] ljB'tLo w/fksf sf/0f ePsf] e|dk"0f{ va/ klg s]xL k|d'v b}lgs
;dfrf/kqnfO{ ljt/0f u/] .. dfcf]jfbLkIfn] s';'ddf ;z:q k|x/Lsf] Aof/]s
:yfkgf ul/g' / ToxL+ bf]xf]/f] le8Gt x'g'nfO{ uDeL/ ?kdf lnPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 .,
o;n] jftf{ eª\u ug]{ ;/sf/L if8\oGqsf] kf]n v'n]sf] 5 . …o;af6 ;/sf/L
kmf}h slt cft+lst / ;z+lst 5g\ / dgf]j}1flgs ?kdf sfo/ 5g\ eGg] s'/f k'li6 ePsf]
5Ú Ps pRr dfcf]jfbL ;"qn] eGof] . ;/sf/n] of] 36gfnfO{ h];'s} eg]/
n'sfpg vf]h] klg bf]xf]/f] le8Gt ePsf] b]Vg] hgtfn] ;/sf/n] clxn] klg
dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+sf nfUg]ljlQs} uf]nL rnfpg] cfb]z ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ lbPsf] 5–
cyf{t\ o'4lj/fdsf] PstkmL{ pNn+3g ul/;s]sf] 5 eGg] a'em]sf 5g\ .
csf]{lt/ of]
;+o'Qm ?kdf kl/rflnt elgPsf ;]gf / k|x/LaLrsf] r/d cGt/lj/f]wsf] cleJolQmsf ?kdf
klg s';'d le8Gt ePsf] x'g;Sg] cg'dfg s]xL ko{j]Ifsx?sf] /x]sf] 5 .
;"o{axfb'/
yfkf k|wfgdGqL ePsf] b'O{ xKtf glaTb} b/afl/of if8\oGqsf ljleGg kf]nx? hgtf;fd'
v'Nb}5g\ / o;n] hgtfnfO{ cem ;r]t /xg / zflGtsf kIfdf cfjfh a'nGb ug{ clek|]l/t
klg u/]sf] 5– Ps /fhg}lts ljZn]ifssf] egfO 5 . o'4lj/fdsf] dd{cg';f/ hf]
hxf“ lyof] Tof] ToxL /xg'kg]{df ;/sf/ cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf ug'{ t k/} hfcf];\
bf];|f] jftf{df ePsf ;xdlt ;d]t tf]8]/ le8Gtsf] dfgl;stfdf /x]sf] s'/f klg of]
36gfn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] ko{j]Ifsx?sf] /fo /x]sf] 5 .
w'lnv]n÷g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ sfe|]sf] cfof]hgfdf ut a}zfv !$ b]lv ;~rflnt …/Ú, …;Ú :d[lt
cleofgdf h'l6/x]sf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x? clxn] hg>d, hg;]jf, ;+u7g lgdf{0f
sfo{df nflu/x]sf 5g\ . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/, ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljifodf
hgtf;“u 5nkmn ub}{ zxLb u]6, k'n, rf}tf/f lgdf{0fsf] ;fy;fy} cleofgdf ;+nUg
ljNnf Knf6'g / cg]sf]6 ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{stf{sf] Ifdtf
clea[l4 u/fpg] p2]Zon] ljleGg k|ltof]lutfTds sfo{qmdx? ;d]t ;~rfng ub}{ a9]sf] 5 ..
;f]xL qmddf s= /;sdnn] zxfbt k|fKt u/]sf] lbg h]7 @@ ut] cleofgsf] l;nl;nfd}
cfof]lht k|ltof]lutfx?df ljhoL x'g] sfo{stf{x?nfO{ s= Hjfnfsf] cfltYodf k'/:sf/
ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
h;cg';f/ xflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd x'g] hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn lhNnf
Knf6'g, ;]Szg …PÚ, låtLo x'g] ;]Szg …aLÚ, t[tLo x'g] ;]Szg …;LÚ,
rf}yf] x'g] cg]sf]6 kl/jf/ / jSt[Tjsnftkm{ k|yd x'g] s= ;'Gb/, låtLo s= cfs[lt,
t[tLo x'g] s= ;'jf;, rt'y{ x'g] s= lgd{n, kf“rf}+ x'g] s= /ljgnfO{ k|d'v cltly
s= Hjfnfn] v's'/L, dfS;{jfbL k':ts tyf ljleGg o'4;fdu|Lx? k'/:sf/ k|bfg
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
zxLb
:tDe lgdf{0f M oxL h]7 !^ ut] sfe|] lhNnfsf] tfn9'¨fdf zxLb :tDe lgdf{0f ug]{
sfd ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf
;~rfng ePsf] l/ª cleofgcGtu{t tfn9'¨fdf zxLb s= /;sdn / s= /d]zsf] ;Demgfdf
;f] :tDe lgdf{0f ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . tfn9'¨fsf hgtfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf pQm sfd ;DkGg ePsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ;f]xL :yfgdf hgo'4sf qmddf zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ dxfg\ zxLb
kl/jf/x?nfO{ clegGbg tyf kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ePsf] ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . ;f]
sfo{qmddf @ g+= sDkgL sld;f/ s= k|xf/sf] k|d'v cfltYo tyf @ g+= sDkgL sdf08/ s=
czf]s / sfe|] lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v s= nfnWjh cltly /xg'ePsf] lyof] . s=
nfnWjhn] /;sdn, ;~ho / n]sfnLsf] hLjgLaf/] ;+lIfKt ?kdf atfpg'ePsf] lyof] eg] s=
l5Gtfªn] ;f“:s[lts of]4fx? s= Rofª\jf nfdf, s= Zofdn] s= tLy{ uf}tdn]
kf6L{df lbPsf] of]ubfgaf/] rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf s= Hjfnfn]
hgo'4sf] qmddf sfe|] lhNnfdf xfn;Dd zxfbt k|fKt ug'{x'g] %( hgf zxLbx?sf]
ljj/0f;lxt kl/ro k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
3f]8]6f]
af6f] lgdf{0f M g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf nlntk'/ lhNnfsf]
luDxL ufh;l:yt ;Nn]/L kxf8df h]7 !( ut] af6f] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .. af6f]
c;fWo} cK7\of/f] ePsf]n] hgtfnfO{ cfjthfjt ug{;d]t s7Lg ePsf] :yfgLo hgtfsf]
cg'/f]w / cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L l/ª cleofgs} qmddf pQm af6f] lgdf{0f ul/Psf]
s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] atfPsf] 5 .
To:t} zxLb s= /;sdn / s= ;~hosf] jflif{s :d[ltdf ;~rfng ul/Psf] …/Ú,…;Ú
:d[lt cleofgcGtu{t h]7 $ ut] $ g+= Pl/ofl:yt ldNr] ufp“ hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff
sfo{qmd Ps eJo ;df/f]xsf aLr ;DkGg eof] .. lhNnf ;]qm]6fl/o6 ;b:o s= Hjfnf
/ s= Zofdsf] k|d'v cfltYo / clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sfe|]sf sf]iffWoIf
s= u0f]zk|;fb ahufO{+sf] ;efkltTj tyf s= l5Gtfªsf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg ;f] 3f]if0ff
;efnfO{ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sfe|]sf ;b:o /fhs'df/ x'dfufO{+, ls;fg ;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ sfe|]sf ;b:o s= rnfv l;+ bf]ª, e"tk"j{ uflj; cWoIf bn;'/
df]Qmfg, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] tkm{af6 s= /fh]z nfdfnufotsf jQmfx?n] z'esfdgf dGtJosf
;fy ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf hLtaxfb'/ ;f]/fOnL k|d'v /
hLtaxfb'/ tfdfª pkk|d'v /xg'ePsf] ufp“ hg;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f] cj;/df cg]sf]6 :d[lt ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?n] hf]lznf uLt tyf g[To
k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
;}lgs
cftª\saLr hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff
;'v]{t -u'dL_÷ ;b/d'sfd jL/]Gb|gu/b]lv s/La !% lsnf]ld6/ k"j{sf]
u'dL ufh;sf] lzjgu/df lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . b'O{ lbg;Dd
ePsf] a[xb\ lhNnf hg;Qf e]nfn] Clif uf}td k|d'v /xg'ePsf] !( ;b:oLo lhNnf
hg;/sf/ u7g u/]sf] 5 .
gjul7t lhNnf hg;/sf/ pk–k|d'vdf s[i0faxfb'/ lh=;L= / ;b:ox?df qmdzM
eLdaxfb'/ dNn, /fdaxfb'/ rkfO{+, jlsn zfxL, anaxfb'/ v8\sf, 7Dd/axfb'/ lji6,
u0f]z zfxL, lrqaxfb'/ xdfn, sdn yfkf, ;Ltf g]kfnL, v8saxfb'/ 3tL{ du/, ;d/axfb'/
lj=s=, dfgaxfb'/ jnL, jf;'b]j zdf{, odaxfb'/ dlGb/, rGb|axfb'/ kf}8\ofn,
gjLgs'df/ /fgf / k"hf bnf{dL /xg'ePsf] 5 . lgMz:q ?kdf cfof]lht ;f]
sfo{qmddf zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Ln] sfo{qmd layf]Ng / hg;d'bfonfO{ cft+lst kfg]{
sf]lz; u/] klg cfkm"x? kmf}hL ?kdf k|:t't geP/ /fhg}lts ?kdf k|:t't ePsf]n]
pgLx? k/fhLt eP/ kms{g afWo ePsf] s'/f hg;/sf/ k|d'v uf}tdn] atfpg'eof] .
lzlj/ ;~rfng / tflndsf] lgx'“ kf/L tL ;}lgsx? o'4lj/fdsf] ;fdfGo lgod tyf b'a}
kIfnfO{ nfu" x'g] u/]/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNnª\3g u/L tL
;}lgsx? cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qeGbf cgfjZos ?kdf aflx/ hfg'nfO{ cfkm"x?n] k'/fgf]
;QfkIfsf] jftf{ ef“8\g] v]nsf] ?kdf lnPsf] hg;/sf/ k|d'v uf}tdn] atfpg'eof] .
;/sf/L ;Qf cGt/lj/f]w / ;ª\s6sf] e'“d/Ldf k/]sf] / o; cj:yfdf
jftf{–k|lqmof l9nf] ePdf o;sf] kl/0ffd 3fts x'g] r]tfjgL ;d]t pxf“n]
lbg'eof] . ca o'4df ljb]zL rnv]n a9\g] / of] l:ylt cfPdf b]z ljb]zLsf] cv8f
aGg] s'/f klg pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . ;fy} gof“ ;Qfsf] ;~rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L
cfkm"x?n] lnPsf] atfp“b} k|d'v uf}tdn]– …u|fdL0f Onfsfdf k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] s'g} lgsfo g} gePsf] / u|fdL0f Onfsf k"0f{tM cfkm\gf] kIfdf /x]sf]n]
6f]n6f]ndf hgldlnl;of lgdf{0f u/L ;Qf ;~rfng ul/g]Ú atfpg'eof] .
^ j6f ljefudf ljefhg u/L ;Qf ;~rfng ul/g] tyf ltgdf hg;'/Iff, sfg'g tyf
Gofo, lzIff tyf ;“:s[lt, jg tyf e"ld, :yfgLo ljsf; lgdf{0f, k|To]s j8fdf
hgldlnl;of lgdf{0f tyf k|lzIf0f cflb /x]sf] s'/f klg sfo{qmddf hfgsf/L lbOPsf]
lyof] .
ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ lgu/fgL ul/g] tyf
lgif]lwt If]q / lgolGqt If]qnfO{ klg sfod ul/g] ;fy} ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf]
lj/f]w ug]{n] hg;Qfdf efu lng ;Sg] hfgsf/L klg ;f]xL sfo{qmddf lbOPsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf cf]nlrª\ ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ lr¨uf8 ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?åf/f
ljleGg uLt tyf g[Tox? k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
o;}aLr ;'v]{t lhNnfs} hg;/sf/ pk–k|d'v s[i0faxfb'/ lh=;L= / ;b:o
7Dd/axfb'/ lji6nfO{ ut h]7 @^ ut] jL/]Gb|gu/ ahf/sf] jL/]Gb|rf]saf6 :yfgLo
OGb|axfb'/ vqL -efn'vf]n]_ n] ;'/fsL u/L k|x/L–k|zf;gnfO{ kqmfpg nufPsf] g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ ;'v]{tsf ;]qm]6/L s= ;'bLkn] Ps jQmJo k|sflzt u/L hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
pxf“n] cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3g sfo{ tTsfn /f]Sg / lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf cfkm\gf
;+u7gsf g]tf–sfo{stf{x?nfO{ t'?Gt l/xf ug{ dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 .
;f]n'v'Da'af6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ cfkm\gf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm} ug{ kfpg]
cfkm\gf] clwsf/nfO{ olta]nf ;f]n'v'Da'sf hgtfn] ufp“ufp“df hg;ldltsf]
lgjf{rg u/]/ k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;f] qmddf h]7 @% ut] uf]nL ufh;df Jofks
hgtfsf] ;xeflutfaLr ePsf] lgjf{rgdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] Kofgn cTolws ax'dtsf
;fy lgjf{lrt ePsf] 5 . lgjf{lrt hg;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?df k|d'v vDaWjh a:g]t,
pk–k|d'v bfl5/L z]kf{ /xg'ePsf] 5 eg] a'l4hLjL k|ltlglw /d]zs'df/ a:g]t,
ljBfyL{ s}nfz a:g]t, dlxnf snfjtL vltj8f, ls;fgaf6 k|]daxfb'/ sfsL{, blntaf6
uf]kL/fd kl/of/, cNk;+Vos hghflt k|ltlglw ljqmd ;'g'jf/, z]kf{af6 cfªbfjf
z]kf{;lxt ( hgf j8f k|ltlglwx? lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L nf]lvd ufh;df
klg lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
;f]n'af6} k|fKt csf]{ ;dfrf/df zfxL ;]gfn] ufp“ufp“df uO{ ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfnfO{ klxnf]k6ssf] jftf{ dfcf]jfbLn] e¨ u/] o;k6s xfdL e¨ u5f}{+ eGb}
wDSofpg] u/]sf 5g\ . g]rf ljxLaf/]sf] zxLbu]6 / ltªnf ufh;df agfOPsf]
gd"gf k"n ;b/d'sfd ;Nn]/Laf6 cfPsf] ;]gfn] eTsfPsf] 5 .
clgn
rf}xfgaf6
hg;]gfn]
v]nd}bfg agfP
t]x«y'd÷hgd'lQm ;]gf ;ftf}+ d]rL–sf]zL a6flnogsf] …aLÚ / …;LÚ
sDkgLn] :yfgLo hgtf / Pl/of kf6L{sf] ;xof]udf r'xfg8f“8fl:yt t]x«y'd
SofDk;sf] v]n d}bfg dd{t u/]sf 5g\ . ut h]7 @# b]lv @% ;Dd ;f]xL SofDk;sf
e"=k"= ljBfyL{ zxLb /fh]Gb| e§/fO{sf] :d[ltdf cfof]lht >d lzlj/df
@ nfv eGbf a9L ?kof“sf] nfutdf dd{t ul/Psf] d}bfg h]7 @^ ut] ljlwjt\ pb\3f6g
ul/Psf] lyof] .
:yfgLo
;Qf ;'b[9Ls/0fdf tLa|tf
hfh/sf]6÷ k'/fgf] ;Qfn] /fhg}lts ;d:ofnfO{ cf]em]ndf kfg{ slyt ljsf; /
;+j]bgfsf s'/f p7fP/ gof“ ;Qf Wj:t agfpg] b':;fx; ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf lhNnfJofkL
?kdf ;Qf ;'b[9Ls/0f cleofg ;~rfng eO/x]sf] ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . ToxL qmddf
ufh; k|d'v eLdk|;fb cfrfo{, pkk|d'v pQ/s'df/ e08f/L /xg'ePsf] !& ;b:oLo
hultk'/ ufp“ ;+o'Qm hg;ldlt lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .. o;/L g} eLdaxfb'/ zfxL
k|d'v / lzjaxfb'/ a'9f pkk|d'v /xg'ePsf] k'Gdf ufh; u7g ePsf] 5 .
Pdfn]sf]
kf]n v'Nof]
hfh/sf]6÷
tTsfnLg lhlj; pk;efklt tyf Pdfn] g]tf s[i0faxfb'/ jL=;L=n] u/]sf] e|i6frf/sf]
kf]n hgtfaLr v'Ng yfn]sf] 5 . k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ ;fNdf uflj;df 6]lnkmf]g
Nofpg lnPsf] ?= *% xhf/, s]o/ g]kfn eGg] ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt lxKsf]kfOk ;f]/f8Ldf
a]rL ?= #% xhf/, l;sdL{–8sdL{ tflndsf] gfddf lnPsf] ?= @) xhf/, 8]8s'nfdf lbg]
egL 5'6\ofPsf] /sd ?= @% xhf/, Pjof/f lhpnfsf] 3f]/]6f] af6f]sf] ?= ^) xhf/ cflb
e|i6frf/ u/L JolQmut k|of]hgdf nufPsf] s'/f v'Ng cfPsf] 5 .
dw];L
d'lQm df]rf{sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng
g]kfnu~h÷ …dw];L :joQtf / hftLo d'lQmsf] nflu xfd|f] cfGbf]ng–
;fdGtL pTkL8g / jftf{ efF8\g] if8oGqsf lj?4 k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ngÚ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy
dw];L d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfn afFs] +alb{ofsf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ng g]kfnu+hdf ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 .. lqe'jgrf]s g]kfnu~hdf Ps eAo ;df/f]xdf df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf
s= ljgf]b pkfWofosf] pb\3f6g / g/]z s'df/ vl6ssf] ;~rfng tyf df]rf{sf lhNnf
;+of]hs s= k/dfGb adf{sf] ;efkltTjdf b'O{ r/0f u/L ;DkGg ;Dd]ngsf] z'?d}
zxLbx?k|lt df}g wf/0f u/L pRr ;Ddfgsf ;fy >4f~hnL ck{0f u/L cf/De ePsf] lyof] .
cfof]hs ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 lhNnf ;b:o s= g'/ lbg vfFn] :jfut dGtAo /fVg' ePsf]
lyof] . To;}u/L df]rf{sf dxf;lrj k|e' ;fxn] k'/fgf] /fHo;Qf ;fDk|bflos
gLltdf rn]sf] 5 o;n] ;w}+ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ wf]vf lbg] / abgfd ub} cfO/x]sf] 5 eGb}
;r]t eP/ n8\g' cfhsf] cfjZoStf /x]sf] atfpg' eof] .
To;}u/L df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fdnf}6g ltjf/L, dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf k|ltlglw
g/]Gb|h+u lk6/, cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_sf sdn zfxL, blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf nfn a=
/}bf;, yf?jfg d'lQm df]rf{sf e'jg rf}w/L, cg]d;+3sL c~hgf rf}w/L, g]kfn ;befjgf
kf6L{ -ab|L d08n_ u|'ksf an/fd ofbjnufotn] z'esfdgf dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmd ljyf]Ng] p2]Zon] k'/fgf] ;QfkIfaf6 df]6/ ;fO{snsf] k|rf/sf] axfgf kf/L,
6«s nu]/ ;Ddf/f]xdf cf]xf]/–bf]xf]/ ug{ / le8ef8 u/L vNaNofpg] k|oTg ub}{
;df/f]xsf 6]G6sf 8f]/L x? r'F8fNg], lsnfx? pvNg] sfo{ ul/Psf] lyof] ..
Toltv]/;Dd klg ;+odsf ;fy a;]sf] hg;d'bfodfly sfo{qmd ljyf]Ng of]hgfa4 9+uaf6
cfPsf lelhnfGt], u'08fx?n] gfËf] cfqmd0f ug'{sf]] ;fy} k|x/L ;'?df df}g /
cGTodf x:tIf]k u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]sf afjh'b hg;d'bfon] ;+dosf ;fy lelhnfGt]
u'08f / k|x/Lx?nfO{ aflx/ lgsfNg] sfd u/L sfo{qmd ;'rf? ?kn] rnfpg d2t u/]sf lyP .
pQm lbgsf] ^M#) ah] ;dfkg ePsf] k|yd r/0fsf] sfo{qmdsf], ;fFem ( ah] k|ltlglw /
ky{aIf]sx? ;lxt u/L g]kfnu~hsf] gu/ ejgdf aGb z]ifgdf k|j]z u/]sf] lyof] ..
aGb ;]zgdf dw];L xslxtsf] af/]df df]rf{sf lhNnf ;+of]hs k/dfgGb adf{n] k|:t't
ug'{ ePsf] k|lta]bg pk/ 5nkmn u/L xnn] Ps dtsf ;fy kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] . pSt
xNfdf xg'dfg uf]l8of, co'j vfF, g'/ lbg vfF, /Iff /fd adf{, afl/; vfF, gGsf}
uf]l8ofx?n] l/kf]l6ª k]z ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
pQm bf];|f] r/0fsf] sfo{qmddf pkl:yt k|ltlglwx?nfO{ df]rf{sf dfxf;lrj
k|e' ;fxn] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] xnn] rog u/]sf] / @ ;b:o kl5 yk ug]{ u/L
!% ;b:oLo ;ldltnfO{ df]rf{sf pkfWofIf k|d'v cltly ljgf]b pkfWofon] ;ky u|x0f
u/fO{ /ftf] caL/ nufO{ ;'zf]let ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
gjul7t ;ldltdf cWoIf k/dfGb adf{, pkfWoIf g'/ lbg vfF, ;lrj g/]zs'df/
vl6s, ;x–;lrj boflglw adf{, sf]iffWoIf gGsf} uf]l8of, ;b:ox?df qmdzM xl//fd
zdf{, OGb|hLt ofbj, xg'dfg uf]l8of, co'a vfF, r'Gg'nfn adf{, afl/; vfF, nIdL/fd
ofbj, ;ldpNnf vfF x'g' x'G5 . sfo{qmddf gf}nf] ljxfgL ;fF:s[lts kl/jf/n]
ljljw ;+f:s[lts sfo{qmd x? k|:t't u/L yk /f]rs / pT;fxa4{s agfPsf] lyof] eg]
kqsf/ ef]h/fh lqkf7Ln] klg z'esfdgf dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
kqsf/n]
l/dsf] ;b:o eg]/ 7u]
kf]v/f÷ cfkm"nfO{ qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6x?sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7g
-l/d_sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o atfp“b} ljut ^ dlxgfb]lv ljleGg JolQm / ;+:yfx?nfO{ 7Ub}
lx+8]sf uf]/vfkq;“u ;Da4 kqsf/ kbdk|;fb kf}8]nnfO{ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?n]
lu/km\tf/ u/]sf 5g\ . kf]v/fsf] ;[hgfrf]sl:yt /lj xf]6naf6 kqmfp k/]sf
kqsf/ kbdk|;fb kf}8]n clxn] dfcf]jfbLsf] hglx/f;tdf 5g\ . pgn] clxn];Dd @
nfv eGbf a9L ?k}of“ p7fP/ vfO;s]sf] s'/f :jLsf/]sf] s'/f g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
sf:sLn] hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] u}/Joj;flos sfo{ ug]{ kqsf/nfO{
sfjf{xL ug]{ atfPsf] 5
d's'Gb
u'?sf] ;Demgf
sf7df8f}+÷ g]kfn k|fWofks ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf kf6g ;+o'Qm SofDk;sf
k|d'v 8f= d's'Gbaxfb'/ >]i7sf] :d[ltdf ;f]daxf/ kf6g ;+o'Qm SofDk;df Ps
>4f~hnL ;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . g]kfn k|fWofks ;+3 kf6g ;+o'Qm SofDk;
OsfO ;ldlt tyf SofDk; kl/jf/åf/f cfof]lht ;f] >4f~hnL ;efdf k|fWofks 8f=
d's'Gbaxfb'/ >]i7sf] JolQmTjsf af/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
pxf“ @)#) ;fnlt/ clvn g]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] s]Gb|Lo
cWoIf x'g'x'GYof] . %& jifL{o k|fWofks >]i7 P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL
b[li6sf]0fk|lt cf:yfjfg\ x'g'x'GYof] / cfhLjg jfdkGyL ljrf/wf/fk|lt ;dlk{t
x'g'x'GYof] .
gof“
;Gb]z cleofg ;DkGg
lbg]z
cf/= ;L=
g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf xTof lx+;f xf]Og .. ufF;, af;, skf;, lzIff,
:jf:Yosf cfwf/e"t clwsf/af6 ;d]t jl~rt g]kfnL hgtf cfd"n kl/jt{g /
To;af6 jf:tljs ?kdf x'g] ;flGtsf] kIfdf 5g\ eGg] s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] cuf8L ;f/]sf
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/, ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf b]z leq / aflx/ nfvf}+
hg;d'bfosf] ;xefuLtfn] ;a}sf] cfFvf vf]nL lbPsf] 5 . hgtfsf] clwsf/
hgtfnfO{ ;'Dkg grfxg] k|lts[ofjfbLx? Kfm]/L olt v]/ cfˆgf] k'/fg} /j}of b]fxf]¥ofpg
s'r]i6f ul/ /fv]sf 5g\ . jftf{ lj/f]wL ;Ddsf] of] s'r]i6f xfjL x\'g uPdf
/fi6« / g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGtsf] cf;f dfyL cl;gf jl;{g] 5 . To;sf/0f zfGtL
/ k|ultsf kIf w/x? Tof] ;d"xsf] lj?4df Ps h'6 x'g cfjZos k/]sf] 5 .
clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_ ;'b[9Ls/0fdf
;Nofg÷cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;ldlt ;Nofgsf] k|yd k"0f{
a}7ssf] lg0f{oadf]lhd olta]nf lhNnfJofkL ?kdf ;–;'ljlg cleofg rln/x]sf]
atfOPsf] 5 . ;+u7g lgdf{0f, ;'b[9Ls/0f / lj:tf/sf] nflu yflnPsf] 8]9
dlxgf;Dd rNg] pQm cleofg cfiff9 !) ut];Dd rNg] hgfOPsf] 5 .
;+–;'ljlg cleofgs} qmddf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ !) g+= Pl/of ;ldltsf]
lj:tfl/t a}7s oxL h]7 !$ ut] yf/df/] ufh;df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm lj:tfl/t
a}7sn] dxTjk"0f{ ljifox?df 5nkmn ug'{sf ;fy} & ;b:oLo ;+u7g lj:tf/
u/]sf] 5 . lj:tfl/t a}7ssf] k|d'v cltlysf] cf;gaf6 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ lh=;=
;Nofgsf cWoIf u0f]z zfxLn] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL sfo{qmddf g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ !) g++ Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s= /fx'n, dlxnf k|ltlglw /Tg s]=;L=, ;+7gsf
Pl/of O~rfh{ nf]sdfg s]=;L=n] klg ljljw ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
k|]dk|sfz zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg pQm a}7sn] ljBfyL{x?df gof“ hf]z / pT;fx
yk]sf] 5 .
hg;f“:s[lts
;+3sf] e]nf
;Nofg÷lhNnfsf] lhdfnL ufh;l:yt dx]Gb| df=lj=sf] xndf clvn g]kfn
hg;f“:s[lts ;+3, ;Nofgsf] k|yd lhNnf e]nf zfgbf/ 9+un] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
tLg r/0fdf rn]sf] pQm e]nfn] dxTjk"0f{ 5nkmn–ax;sf ;fy gof“ sfo{;ldlt
lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 .
Ps ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L !! hgfsf] ;ldltdf cWoIf /Tgaxfb'/ cf]nL, pkfWoIf,
;lrj, ;x–;lrj, sf]iffWoIfdf qmdzM /d]z dNn, xL/fnfn s]=;L=, u0f]z zfxL, eLd
dNn …s'dfvLÚ, ;b:ox? /ljls/0f cf]nL, xL/fl;+x a:g]t, cfbz{ a:g]t, ;+uLtf
lj=s=, kmQ] s]=;L= /xg'ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L clvn g]kfn hg;f“:s[lts ;+3 ;'v]{tsf] k|yd P]ltxfl;s lhNnf e]nf
ut h]7 !) ut] jL/]Gb| gu/df ;DkGg eof] .
k"hf bnf{dLsf] ;efkltTj / xl/dfof zdf{sf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 cufl8
a9]sf] sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltlysf] tkm{af6 clvn g]kfn hg;f“:s[lts ;+3
e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qLo ;ldltsf ;+of]hs u0f]z e08f/Ln] Aofg/ pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .
e]nfsf] aGb ;qn] k"hf bnf{dLsf] cWoIftfdf Ps ;b:o kl5 yk ug]{ u/L !!
;b:oLo gof“ lhNnf sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 .
ls;fgsf]
lhNnf e]nf
/f}tx6÷ h]7 !% ut] clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ /f}tx6 lhNnf e]nf
;+u|fdk'/ k|f=lj=sf] k|fª\u0fdf ;DkGg eof] . pQm e]nfsf] pb\3f6g cg]ls;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o påj kf]v/]nn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm e]nfsf] 3f]if0ff ;efdf d/fd'df], g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf ;Togf/fo0f
eutsf] pkl:ylt lyof] . sfo{qmddf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf ?k]z kf]v/]n, cg]d;+3
-qmf=_ sL lhNnf k|ltlglw zf/bf d}gfnL, b/fd'df], g]kfnsf k|ltlglw j}Bgfy a}7f,
cg]ls;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf b]jgf/fo0f eutnufotsf k|ltlglw tyf jQmfx?n]
cf–cfkm\gf] dGtJo lbg'sf ;fy} z'esfdgf;d]t lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
hgtfsf] ljb|f]xL r]tgf Pjd\ cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] rfxgfnfO{ ;+ul7t ug{ tyf
jt{dfgsf] lhDd]jf/L cg'?k kf6L{ e"ldsfnfO{ k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg
lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ kxn ug{] p2]Zosf ;fy e]/L– s0ff{nL If]qLo Jo'/f] cGtu{t
ljz]if lhNnf -lh= g=*_ ;+u7g ;ldlt4f/f lhNnfJofkL ?kdf cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf]
kIfdf Jofks hgkl/rfng, ;'b[9 hg;DaGw / ;lqmo ;+u7gsf] lglDt ægofF ;Gb]z cleofgÆ
eGg] d"n gf/f af]s]/ gofF ;+Gb]z cleofg a}zfv !) ut]af6 ;'? eO{ lhNnfsf]
Pp6f ;'/lIft :yfgdf hgtfsf] ;'/Iff / ;xof]udf dxfgtd\, pRrtd\ / eJotd\ ;dLIff
sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L cleofg ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . b'O{ l6ddf ljefhg ul/Psf]
of] cleofgdf hg;ef, hge]nf, hg;]jf, ;+u7g lgdf{0f, 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd, 5nkmn–
cGtlq{mof nufotsf ljleGg sfo{qmdx? cuf8L ;fl/Psf lyP .. ;fxL ;]gfn] cleofg
c;kmn agfpg lbg/ft kL5f u/] tfklg b]zsf] ;du| /fhg}lts kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf gofF
;Gb]z cleofgn] lhNnfs} txaf6 eP klg P]ltxfl;s / ljlzi6 dxTj /fv]sf] 5 .
cleofg P= / aL= u|'kdf ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df s= ljho yfkfsf]
sdfgdf %^ hgf cleofg l6d ;b:o /x]sf] P= u|'k kxf8L Onfsfdf ;~rfng lyof] eg] s=
s0ff{nLsf] sdfgdf &$ hgf ;b:o /x]sf] u|'k t/fO{ Onfsfdf ;~rfng lyof] .
cleofgn] cfˆgf] b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf lgwf{/0f u/L cfGtl/s kª\lQmdf cg'zfl;t
/fhg}lts / j}rfl/s Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 .
rf}tkmL{ zfxL ;]gfn] 3]/faGbL u/L sfo{qmddf cfpg nfu]sf hgtfnfO{ s'6lk6
u/L y'Gg], …cfh Tof] 7fpFdf xfd|f] dfcf]jfbL;Fu n8fOF 5, ltdLx? Gfhfcf] d/f}nfÚ
egL hgtfnfO{ cft+lst agfpg] xNnf u/] klg $) xhf/ hgtfnfO{ cleofgdf ;xefuL u/fP/
g]kfnu~hsf dxndf a;]/ afFs] lhNnfsf xfd|f] sAhfdf 5 egL k|rf/ ug]{ ;8]/ uGxfPsf]
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf gfO{s]x?nfO{ cfZro{df kfl/lbPsf] 5 .
ljleGg /fhg}lts kf6L{ sfo{stf{, a'l4hLjL ju{, zxLbsf 3/kl/jf/, aGbL /
a]kQf kfl/Psf aGbLx?sf 3/kl/jf/;Fu e]63f6, Hfg;ef, sf]0f;ef, hg;]jf, ;+u7g
lgdf{0f, Jofks jflnË–kf]i6l/Ë, dzfn h'n\';k|bz{g, hgtfsf] 7"nf]
;xefuLtfdf O{nfsf hg ;/sf/ 3f]if0ff, 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd, dfb]jk'/L uf=h=;=sf] 1fg
Hof]tL df=lj=sf] ;fvf ljBfnosf] gofF lkmN8 / ;f}rfno lgdf{0f . ;+s6sfnsf]
a]nfdf lagfsf/0f zfxL ;]gfn] hgtfsf eTsfPsf 3/ lgdf{0f, >dlzlj/ ;~rfng cflb
/x]sf 5g\ .
lhlzsf
s}nfnLdf Jofks e|i6frf/
wgu9L÷e|i6frf/sf] /f]syfdsf nflu
k'/fgf] ;Qfn] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]unfO{ lbg /ft bf}8fO/x]sf] h:tf]
b]vfO/x] klg lhNnf lzIff sfof{no s}nfnLdf nfvf}+ ?k}of“ e|i6frf/ ug]{ bfp
ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
k'/fgf] ;Qf, 8]lg8f, g'/f8 nufotsf
;ftj6f ;+:yfx?åf/f v8f ul/Psf] …af:s]6 km08Ú cGtu{t s}nfnLdf pko'Qm ejgsf]
cefjdf /x]sf, cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf, ljBfnox?sf nflu egL cfwf/e"t tyf
k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmdåf/f pknAw u/fOPsf !@% j6f b'O{ sf]7] ejgsf nflu eg]/
k|To]s AnslkR5] k|bfg ul/+b} cfPsf] gub ?k}of“ ! nfv ^) xhf/ dWo]af6 pQm
e|i6frf/ x'g yfn]sf] ;dfrf/ ljZj:t ;"qaf6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
k"j{ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L
gGb/fh kGtsf] sfo{sfndf nfu" ePsf] pQm b'O{sf]7] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{qmddf olt
7"nf] e|i6frf/ x'g nfUg'sf k5fl8 lhlzc kGts} kfnfsf] sld;g lu/f]xsf]
;+nUgtf /x]sf] tYo v'Ng cfPsf] 5 .. pQm e|i6frf/sf] efuj08fdf lhlzc kGtsf]
klg lx:;]bf/L /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . s]xL dlxgfcl3 dfq lgh kGt s}nfnLaf6
;'v]{t ;?jf ePsf lyP . pgL cGoq ;?jf eP klg pgsf dltof/x? eg] pgn] a'g]sf]
e|i6frf/ / sldzgsf] hfnf]leq /x]/ cfkm\gf e|i6frf/L lqmofsnfknfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b}
cfPsf 5g\ .
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf / x'g
nfu]sf Ansx?sf] lg/LIf0fdf lg:s]sf cf]e/l;o/x?n] k|To]s ljBfnodf uO{ k|=c=nfO{
Ans lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ O“6f, l;d]G6, afn'jf / lgdf{0f Hofnf jfkt
lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] s/La # ls:tfdf lbg] eg]sf] ! nfv ^) xhf/ ?k}of“af6
k|ltAns !% k|ltztsf b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd ?= @$ xhf/ sldzg cfkm"dfkm{t lhNnf
lzIff sfof{nonfO{ lbg'kg]{ s'/f atfp“b} lx+8]sf] ljBfno ;"qn] atfPsf] 5g\ .
o;/L k|ltAns !% k|ltzt sldzgsf b/n] ! ;o @% Anssf] ?= #) nfv x'g cfp“5 .
o;}u/L k|lt Anssf nflu s/La ?= $
nfv;Dd kg]{ h:tfkftf, 6«; / em\ofnx? nufotsf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx? lhlzsfn] x'nf;
O08l:6«on sDkgL;“usf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ pknAw u/fPsf] s'/f cf]e/l;o/ Clifs]z
kf]v/]nn] atfP . ljBfnosf cg';f/ tL cf]e/l;o/x?n] lgdf{0f vr{sf] lan a9fP/
h;/L eP klg ! nfv ^) xhf/ k'¥ofpg'kg]{, pQm /sddWo]af6 @$ xhf/sf b/n]
lhlzsfnfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ bafj lb+b} cfPsf 5g\ s]xL ljBfnox?n] pgLx?sf] ;NnfxnfO{
gfd~h/ ubf{ tL cf]e/l;o/x?n] To:tf ljBfnonfO{ r]tfjgL lb+b} lhlzsfn] clGtd
ls:tfjfkt pknAw u/fpg] /sd /f]Ssf ug]{ / eljiodf tL ljBfnox?nfO{ To:tf] s'g}
lgdf{0f sfo{ pknAw gu/fpg] wDsL klg lb+b} cfPsf 5g\ . k|fKt csf]{ ;dfrf/
cg';f/ pQm sfof{nosf k|zf;lgs kmf“6sf vl/bf/ csj/ rGb ;a}eGbf a9L 3'; vfg]
sd{rf/Lsf ?kdf rrf{df cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
dlxnf
sfo{stf{ e]nf ;DkGg
;Kt/L÷ c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ ;Kt/Lsf] bf];|f] lhNnf sfo{stf{ e]nf oxL
h]7 !^ ut] aw'jfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly lhNnfsf O~rfh{ hgs
x'g'x'GYof] . sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltlyn] zxLbsf kl/jf/x?nfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fP/
;Ddfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . e]nfn] ;/:jtL rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf @) ;b:oLo lhNnf
;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 .
cGtlqm{of
;DkGg
alb{of÷ dlxnfx?sf ljlw ;d:of / dlxnfx?sf] d'lQmsf] nflu :jod\ dlxnfsf]
e"ldsfsf ljifodf xfn} alb{ofdf Ps a[xb\ cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ alb{ofsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf
cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ nufot clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3, g]kfn dlxnf ;+3, g]kfn dlxnf
;+3 k|hftflGqs, /fli6«o k|hftflGqs dlxnf ;+3 / g]kfn dlxnf d~r -cfgGbLb]jL_ sf
s]Gb|Lo, c~rn / lhNnfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
:yfgLo zlxb u]6 lgdf{0f ;DkGg
ld/sf]6, uf]/vf . @)%( h]i7 @^ ut] tTsflng Pl/of sdf08/ s= e"if0f -xl/ axfb'/ g]kfnL_ nfO{ kf6L{sf] sfdsf] lznlzndf hfb} ubf{ zfxL cd]l/sL g]kfnL ;]gfn] 3]/f xfnL vf]KnfË rfkfe~HofËdf lgd{dtf k"j{s xTof u/]sf] ! jif{sf] cj;/df pxfFsf] ;Ddfg tyf ;Demgfdf uf]/vf Pl/of g+= % sf] ;xeflut ;lxt g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf], Pl/of ;ldltsf] ;lqmotfdf ld/sf]6 afu8fF8fdf zlxb u]6 lgdf{0f ;DkGg sfo{ eof] . pQm zlxb u]6sf] pb\3f6g ub}{ uf]/vf lhNnf hg;/sf/ pkk|d'v tyf g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf s]lGb|o g]tf s= k/z'/fd /Dt]nn] pQm Pl/ofdf Pp6} kl/jf/af6 b'O{ hgf JolQmx? hgo'4df ;dflxt eO{ uf}/jdo zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ xfdL blntx?sf] uf}/jsf] ljifo ePsf] atfpb} pxfFsf] zxfbtsf] k|]/0ffnfO{ cg'/z0f ub}{ xfdL blntx? cem j9L prfO{df hgo'4df ;dflxt eO{ hflto d'Qm tkm{ pGd'v x'g' kg]{df hf]8 lbb} pkl:yt xHhf/f} xhf/ blnt tyf d'lQmsfdL hg;d'bfonfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . :d/0fLo s'/f s] 5 eg] o; eGbf cl3 @)%% ;fn >fj0fdf pxfFsf bfh' lzIfs rGb| axfb'/ g]kfnLnfO{ klg tTsflng kmfF;LjfbL ;/sf/n] lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof u/]sf] lyof] . s= e"if0f Ps} kl/jf/sf bf]>f zlxb x'g'x'G5 .
;'v]{tdf
ljBfyL{ / dlxnf e]nf
jL/]Gb|gu/÷ ;'v]{tsf] Pl/of g+= ^ df clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] Pslbg] Pl/of
e]nf e]s If]qLo ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;+of]hs /fdbLk cfrfo{sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ut h]7 @$
ut] ;DkGg eof] . e]nfn] gjLg v8\sfsf] cWoIftfdf !# ;b:oLo Pl/of ;ldlt rog
u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] Pl/of e]nf e]s If]qLo ;dGjo
;ldltsL ;+of]hs h"gs'df/L /f]sfsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg eof] . pQm
e]nfn] ;'zLnf v8\sfsf] cWoIftfdf !! ;b:oLo Pl/of ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . oL
b'a} e]nfdf cltlyx?af6 ;d;fdlos /fhg}lts k|lzIf0f ePsf] lyof] .
o;}aLr k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ;fdfGo dlxnfx?nfO{ ;'Ts]/L eQfsf] cfZjf;g lbO{
cbfntL d'2fsf] sLt]{ sfuhdf ;xL5fk u/fpg] jlsn u0f]z s]=;L=nfO{ ;of}+ dlxnfsf]
pkl:ylt / ;lqmotf;lxt cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] g]t[Tjdf hgsfjf{xL ul/Psf] 5 .
sfnf] df];f] nufP/ jL/]Gb|gu/ ahf/ 3'dfO{ lkknrf}tf/Ldf sf]0f;ef ;'? x'g nfUbf
k|x/L x:tIf]k ePsf] lyof] .. k|x/Lsf] x:tIf]k / nf7Lrfh{af6 :yfgLo %÷^ hgf
dlxnf;lxt cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL lhNnf ;x;lrj e"ld;/f lj=s= 3fOt]
x'g'ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L ;'v]{t lhNnfsf] ^ g+= Pl/of cGtu{t zxLb kl/jf/sf] Pslbg] e]nf
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm e]nfdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ If]qLo Ao'/f] ;b:o hLjg,
8L;LP; ;'bLk, hLt]Gb|, ;Gbe{ / ;d/ pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . @@ hgf zxLbx?
hGdfO;s]sf] pQm Pl/ofsf] ;f] e]nfdf ;xefuL zxLb kl/jf/x?n] cToGt} efj's aGb}
zxLbx?nfO{ :d/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] zf;sx?sf 3[l0ft v]nk|lt cfqmf]z klg
kf]lvPsf] lyof] . zxLb kl/jf/x?n] …xfdLx?n] vr{ ug]{ ;do / ef}lts j:t'
o'4sf 3fOt]x?nfO{ pkrf/ ug'{k5{Ú eGg] efj JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . jt{dfg
kl/l:yltdf zxLb kl/jf/sf] e"ldsf / cfGbf]ngsf] ;DaGwdf 8L;LP; ;'bLkn]
efjk"0f{ dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
hg;f“:s[lts
;+3sf] e]nf ;DkGg
;'v]{t÷
…;fdGtL, ?l9jfbL, k'“hLjfbL 5f8fjfbsf] lj/f]w u/f}+, hgjfbL ;“:s[lt
lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ t]h kf/f}+Ú eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy clvn g]kfn
hg;f“:s[lts ;+3 ;'v]{tsf] k|yd lhNnf e]nf ut h]7 !) df ;'v]{tsf] jL/]Gb|gu/df
eJo ?kdf gof“ g]t[Tj rog ub}{ ;DkGg eof] .
sfo{qmd cg]h;f“;+3 e]/L–s0ff{nLsf ;+of]hs u0f]z e08f/Lsf] k|d'v
cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pb\3f6g ;qdf af]Nb} k|d'v cltly u0f]z e08f/Ln]
hgtfsf] gof“ hgjfbL ;f“:s[lts /utsf Oltxf; n]Vb} of] l:yltdf cfOk'u]sf] 5,
dxfg\ ;f“:s[lts of]4f s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚ, Rofª\jf nfdf, 8L=jL= yfkf nufotsf
JolQmTjsf] /utaf6 l;l~rt xfd|f] ;f“:s[lts ofqf ;b}j hgtfsf] gof“ ;“:s[lt
lgdf{0fdf nflu/xg] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmd ;lrj vs]Gb| /fgfn] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .. e]nfn] k"hf bnf{dLsf] cWoIftfdf !! ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt u7g
u/]sf] 5 .
dlxnf
k|lzIf0f ;DkGg
hfh/sf]6÷clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ hfh/sf]6sf] cfof]hgfdf
s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt ;b:o tyf e]s If]qLo ;dGjo ;ldlt ;+of]hs h"gs'df/L /f]sfsf]
k|d'v cfltYodf h]7 @ / # ut] k'Gdf ufh;– #, l5k|]gfdf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 .
lhNnf pkfWoIf df]tLsf k'gsf] ;~rfngdf / cWoIf lzjf a:g]tsf] ;efkltTjdf
;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf :jfut efif0f ;lrj kfj{tL uf}tdn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k'ikf 3tL{n] ;+u7gsf] Oltxf;af/], lhNnfdf
kf6L{, ;]gf / ;Qfdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsfaf/], hg;/sf/ pkk|d'v 9ujL/ /fgfn] /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o
kl/l:yltaf/] ljz]if cltly lhNnf kf6L{ O~rfh{ s= kf/;dl0fn] ;+u7gsf] of]hgf,
s]Gb| / lhNnfsf] ;+of]hgaf/] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .