k|a'4ju{ Psdtn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf
sf7df8f}+÷d's'ne/
;+ljwfg ;efsf kIfdf Jofks hgdt ;[hgf eO/x]s} avt ut z'qmaf/ /fhwfgLdf o;}
ljifodf Ps a[xt\ cGt/lqmofTds ljrf/uf]i7L cfof]hgf eof] . xfn} lgdf{0f
ePsf] /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldlt, g]kfnåf/f cfkm\gf] klxnf] ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmdsf
?kdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;f] uf]i7Ldf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ jftf{6f]nLsf ;+of]hs 8f=
afa'/fd e§/fO{ / ;b:o s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fnufot d'n'ssf k|a'4, jfd tyf k|hftflGqs /
dfgjclwsf/jfbL JolQmTjx?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
/fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldlt g]kfnsf ;+of]hs s= lrqaxfb'/ >]i7sf]
;efkltTjdf cfof]lht ;f] ljrf/uf]i7Lsf ;a} jQmfx?n] jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] Ps
dfq lgsf; cljnDa ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj ePsf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;ldltsf ;b:o s= e/t 9'¨fgfn] uf]i7Ldf cfuGt'sx?sf] :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg]
sfo{qmd ;~rfng s= kfy{ If]qLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . k|:t't 5 hgfb]z
;Djfbbftfx? ;+uLtf v8\sf / k|eft rnfpg]n] tof/ u/]sf] ;fdu|L .
xfdL
hgtfnfO{ wf]sf lbg ;Sb}gf}+, hgtfsf] w}o{ 6'l6;s]sf] 5 M 8f= e§/fO{
;+jfbdfkm{t\
cu|ufdL lgsf; vf]Hg] k|lqmofcGtu{t o'4lj/fd ePsf] ;f9] rf/ dlxgf ljt]sf] 5 .
To;eGbf cufl8b]lv g} b]zdf cu|ufdL lgsf; / ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|Zg /fli6«o ax;sf]
ljifo alg;s]sf] lyof] .. b'ef{Uo / s]xL ;dootf k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] ljb]zL
zlQmx¿sf] cf8 / e/f];fdf cfkm\gf ;]jsx¿nfO{ s';L{df ;f6km]/ ug]{ v]ndf /fli6«o
ax;nfO{ ljifofGt/ ug]{ sf]lzz u¥of] . cyf{t\ o; v]nn] hgtfn] cfsf+Iff
ul//fv]sf] cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] /fli6«o ax; -;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] k|Zg_nfO{
cf]em]ndf kfg]{ vt/f k}bf eof], h;k|lt /fli6«o ;xdlt aGb} u}/x]sf] lyof] .
xfdL h'g
h'g lhNnf / ufp“x¿df k'U5f}+, Toxf“sf hgtfx¿ k|Zg ;f]W5g\, ‘sxL+ ltdLx¿
klg jftf{ jftf{ eg]/ a9L nlrnf] eP/ u}/x]sf t 5}gf} < nlrnf] x'g] gfddf ltdLx¿n]
nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] k|ltIffkl5 k|fKt x'g nfu]sf] hgtfsf] k|hftflGqs cfsf+Iffx¿
u'dfpg t u}/x]sf 5}gf} < sxL+ ;Qfsf] df]ntf]ndf ltdLx¿n] klg kl/jt{gsf]
cfsf+Iff / rfxgfnfO{ s'7f/f3ft t ul//x]sf 5}gf}} <’ hgtfdf kg{ uPsf] o:tf]
e|dnfO{ xfdL lrg{ rfxG5f}+ . To;}n] xfdL ;ef, uf]i7L / cGtlqm{ofx¿
ul//x]sf 5f}+ . clxn] cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf ;+;bLo kf6L{x¿ klg s]xL
:ki6 x'g yfn]sf] cg'ej xfdLn] u/]sf 5f}+ . oxf“;Dd ls ;+;bLo
d"nwf/df nfdf] ;do;Dd ;Qfdf /x]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|];;“u klg clxn] cfP/ xfd|f
b'/Lx¿ sd ePsf 5g\ . @))^ ;fndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{lgdf{0f ePb]lv g} sf+u|]; /
sDo'lgi6sf aLrdf w]/} b'/Lx¿ 5g\ . t/ tL b'/Lx¿ clxn] cfP/ w]/} sd eP/
u}/x]sf 5g\ . sDo'lgi6 sDo'lgi6sf aLrsf b'/Lx¿ klg sd x'“b} u}/x]sf 5g\ .
jfdkGyL v]dfafx]ssf /fhgLlts v]dfx¿ klg klxnf]rf]l6 k|hftflGqs cEof;sf]
ljsf;sf] lglDt /fli6«o ;xdltdf cfpg nfu]sf] dx;'; dnfO{ ePsf] 5 .
;+ljwfg;ef g} cu|ufdL lgsf; k|fKt u/L b]zsf] ;d:of;dfwfg ug]{ jf:tfljs af6f] xf]
eGg] kIfdf hgdt a9\b} u}/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{n] t o;df k"0f{ ;dy{g
hfx]/ ul/;s]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 / xfd|f] jftf{ 6f]nLsf] tkm{af6
o;sf] lglDt h] h:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{k5{, xfdL tof/ 5f}+ .. ;'?df
sltko ldqx¿n] Psfw s'/f s] /fVg'eof] eg] xfd|f sltko cleJolQmn] pxf“x¿nfO{
cK7\of/f] k'¥ofof] / pxf“x¿sf] cf:yfdfly rf]6 k'¥ofof] . cleJolQmsf
s'/f k|d'v x'g\ eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUb}g .. d'Vo s'/f /fhgLlts lrGtgdf ;dfgtf 5
ls 5}g eGg] xf] . clxn] b]zsf] h'g ;d:of 5, To;sf] lgsf;sf] lglDt xfdLdf
Pp6f ;femf ;dembf/L aGof]– gLltut, of]hgfut jf sfo{qmdsf ljifodf eg] xfd|f]
cleJolQm k|d'v s'/f aGb}g .
xfdL
jftf{k|lqmof ;'? u/]/ cufl8 cfof}+, xfd|f ;+;b\jfbL ldqx¿n] cfGbf]ng ;'?
ug'{eof] . To;df xfd|f] ;fgf] u'gf;f] s] dfq xf] eg] pxf“x¿sf] uGtJo
k|:6 ePg . pxf“x¿sf] cfGbf]ngsf] dfu k|:6 ePg . o;n] ubf{ k'/fgf]
;QfkIfn] vf;u/L b/afl/of zlQmx¿n] v]Ng] df}sf kfp“5g\ . xfd|f] cfz+sf
of] lyof], eof] klg ToxL . clxn] cfP/ b/af/n] ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfnfO{ cl3
;f/]/ slyt sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ lbg] gfp“df )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgdfly h;/L
7f8f] dhfs / ck/fw u/], To;af6 xfd|f ;+;b\jfbL ldqx¿ / xfd|f] lgs6tfnfO{ c¿
glhs NofPsf] 5 . xfd|f] cleJolQmnfO{ o;cy{df dfq} a'lemof];\ cGoyf pxf“x¿k|lt
xfd|f] s'g} b'ef{jgf 5}g, xfdL ldn]/ hfg'k5{ .. tTsfnLg ;dodf xfdL ;a}sf]
uGtJo:yn Pp6} x'g'k5{ . k|hftGqnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg] g} xfd|f] gof“
;femf sfo{qmd xf] .
cu|ufdL
kl/jt{gsf] d'Vo afwstTj
oxf+sf] ;fdGtL b/afl/of zlQm g} xf] .
/, To;sf]
k[i7kf]ifs ljb]zL zlQmx¿ x'g\ . ljb]zL zlQmx¿ h;n] b/afl/of zlQmnfO{ cf8
lbO/x]sf 5g\, ltgsf lj?4df xfdL Pp6} lgzfgf agfP/ hfg tof/ x'G5f}+ eg] xfd|f]
s6'tf :jefjtM cGTo eP/ hfg]5 . xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf gf/f Pp6} eP/} hfg]5g\ .
xfd|f] lgs6tf a9]/ hfG5 . g]kfnL Oltxf;n] h'g cu|ufdL lgsf; vf]lh/x]sf] 5,
Tof] k"0f{ x'g]5 eGg] xfd|f] ljZjf; 5 .
clxn] lgsf;
eGg] s'/f] h;/L cfPsf] 5, lgsf; eGg] lalQs} oxf“ s]xL rLh cj?4 e}/x]sf] 5 eGg]
x'G5 . k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfn] s]xL s'/fx¿ oxf“ cj?4 kf/]sf] 5, h;af6 lgsf;
rflxPsf] 5 . s]xL dfG5]x¿ ;ft jif]{ hgo'4nfO{ ;d:of dfg]/ To;nfO{ ;dfwfg
ug'{ g} lgsf; xf] eG5g\ . t/ oyfy{df Tof] ;d:of klg xf]Og, To;sf] lgsf;
vf]lhPsf] klg xf]Og . lgsf; eg]sf] t b'O{ ;o #$ jif{ klxn] k[YjLgf/fo0f
zfxsf] g]t[Tjdf h'g /fHo;Qf aGof] / To;n] vf; ju{, hflt, wd{ / If]qljz]ifsf]
dfq} h'g kIfkf]if0f / /Iff u¥of], To;af6 pTkLl8t hflt, ju{, ln+u, wd{, If]qsf
hgtfn] k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfpg'k5{ eGg] xf] . b'O{ ;o
#$ jif{kl5 k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfdf u'0ffTds kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostf k¥of] .
/fHo;Qfsf] k'g{;+/rgfsf] cfjZostf k¥of] . k'/fgf] /fHo;Qf, To;n] kl/eflift
ug]{ ;+ljwfg jf sfg'gL ljwfgn] hgtfsf, vf;u/L pTkLl8t ju{sf hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff
k"/f u/]g, To;}n] gof“ ;+ljwfg rflxof] . lgsf;sf] cy{ oxL xf] lsgeg]
k'/fgf] Joj:yf / ;+ljwfg– h;sf] ))& jf )$& ;fndf cf+lzs kl/jt{g t eof]
t/ To;n] d"ntM Tof] /fHo;+/rgfdf u'0ffTds kl/jt{g ug{ ;s]g . of] s'/f
xfdLn] s]xL jif{ klxn] g} eg]sf lyof}+ . sltkonfO{ of] s'/f] clk|o /
xf“:of:kb nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ c;f]h !* sf] 36gfkl5 xfdL ;a} k|:6 eof}+ ls
k'/fgf] /fHo;Qf / )$& kl5 cf+lzs ¿kdf kl/jt{g ul/Psf] /fHo;QfnfO{ kl/eflift
ug]{ of] ;+ljwfgdf s]xL o:tf uDeL/ q'6Lx¿ lyP h;n] k'/fgf] /fhtGqfTds ;fdflhs
lg/+s'ztfjfbL zlQmnfO{ s]xL ljz]if clwsf/ lbPsf] lyof] .. To;n] k|hftGqnfO{
vt/fdf kfg{ ;SYof] . oxL rLh c;f]h !* ut]kl5 gfª\uf] ¿kdf cfof] .
k|lqmofsf] lx;fan] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] uNtL eg]s} /fhsLo ;Qf cyjf zfxL ;]gfdfly
/fhfsf] h'g Psflwsf/ lyof], To;}sf] sf/0fn] /fhfsf] k|ltufdL sbd cufl8 cfof] ..
o;df xfd|f ;+;b\jfbL ldqx¿n] k'glj{rf/ ug'{k5{, ;]gf s;sf] lgoGq0fdf x'g] eGg]
ljifonfO{ g6'+UofOsg cu|ufdL lgsf; lg:sg ;Sb}g . xfdLn] hlt;'s} dL7f s'/f
u/] klg, /fhfnfO{ kmsfO–km'NofO{ u/] klg, bz{ge]6 jf h] u/] klg ha;Dd pgn] of]
/fhsLo clwsf/ jf ;}Go clwsf/ 5f8\b}gg\, ta;Dd k|hftGqn] k"0f{tf kfp“b}g .
c¿ s'/f ;a} tkl;nsf s'/f x'g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . hlt;'s} 8f]/L af6] klg
8f]/L Pp6} x'G5, eg]h:tf ;aeGbf uf“7L s'/f oxL xf] .. clxn]sf] ;d:of
eg]sf] klg ToxL xf] .
)$& sf]
;+ljwfgdf /fhfn] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ cfkm\gf xftdf lng] k|fjwfg lyPg . t/
pgn] lnP . clxn] lbPsf] klg elgPsf] 5 . sfo{sf/L clwsf/ /fhfn] lng] jf
lbg] ljifo xf]Og . clxn] h;/L ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] lnP jf ef]ln csf]{nfO{
lbP“ eG5g\, o;sf] cy{ s] x'G5 eg] Tof] ;+ljwfgnfO{ ca ;Rofpg] jf ;'wf/ ug]{
7fp“ 5}g . xfd|f Pdfn] / sf+u|];sf ldqx¿df s] e|d /x]sf] 5 eg] xfdLn]
b]zsf] ;+ljwfg Ao"“tfpg ;Sof}+ / ;+;b\nfO{ Ao"“tfpg ;Sof}+ eg]
o;}df s]xL x]/km]/, kl/dfh{g / ;'wf/ u/]/ nfg ;lsG5 . xfd|f] egfO s] xf]
eg] /fhsLo clwsf/nfO{ /fhfn] h'g af/Daf/ xfdLaf6 k|of]u x'“b} cfPsf] eGb}
cfO/x]sf 5g\, Tof] /lx/x];Dd /fhfaf6 xfdLn] Tof] ;+ljwfg lng klg ;Sb}gf}+,
lnOxfNof}+ eg] klg To;nfO{ km]/]/ hfg klg ;Sb}gf}+ . /fhsLo clwsf/ x6fpg]
eg]sf] t ank"j{s xf] . an eg]/ xfdLn] xltof/sf] s'/f klg u/]sf
xf]Ogf}+ . hgtf klg an xf] . hgcg'df]lbt ;+ljwfgn] of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
u5{ eGg] ljZjf; xfdLnfO{ 5 .
clxn]sf]
ljlzi6 zlQm;Gt'ngsf] cj:yfdf, cGt/f{li6«o zlQms]Gb|x¿n] klg oxf“ x:tIf]k ug{
nflu/x]sf] cj:yfdf afx\o x:tIf]kaf6 aRg klg Pp6f ;Demf}tf u/]/ hfcf}+ eGg]
xfd|f] c8fg xf] . ToxL cy{df xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;ef, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng / cGtl/d
;/sf/sf] s'/f u/]sf xf}+ . Tof] xfd|f] kf6L{ cyjf sDo'lgi6x¿sf] gf/f
x'“b} xf]Og . of] sDo'lgi6x¿sf] gf/f 5“b} lyPg, k"“hLjfbL
k|hftGqjfbLx¿sf] h'g gf/f lyof], afWotfjz xfdLn] Tof] p7fO/xg'k/]sf] 5 .
xfdL ;a}
kf6L{x¿ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ldn]/ ;zQm hgbafa l;h{gf u/f}+ / hgcfGbf]ngsf] andf gof“
j}wflgs k|lqmof ;'? u/f}– xfdL oxL elg/x]sf 5f}+ . Oltxf;df ;+j}wflgs
k|lqmofsf] ;'?cft / cGt cyjf gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] ;'?cft / cGt slxn] klg j}wflgs
k|lqmofn] ePsf] 5}g . ))& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg cGTo eP/ )!& ;fn cfof],
)!( ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg cGTo eP/ )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg cfof] . k'/fgf]
;+ljwfgdf 6]s]/ gof“ ;+ljwfg oxf“ cfPsf] xf]Og . gof“ ;+ljwfg k'/fgf]
;+ljwfgdf 6]s]/ slxn] klg aGb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] cGTo klg ;+j}wflgs t/Lsfn]
slxn] klg x'“b}g . ljb|f]xaf6, qmflGtaf6, hgcfGbf]ngaf6 / hgbafaaf6
To;sf] cGTo x'G5 / hgcfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmn] gof“ ;+ljwfg agfp“5 . To;}n]
of] kf7af6 l;sf}+ / h'g sfg'gL / ;+j}wflgs s'/f 5, Toxf“lg/ cNem]/ ;do v]/
gkmfnf}+ eg]/ xfdLn] eg]sf xf}+ . hlt l9nf] x'G5, Tolt cGoyf x'G5 .
b/afl/of / ljb]zL zlQmx¿n] dha't x'g] sf]lzz ul//x]sf 5g\, To;}n] xfdL pgLx¿nfO{
Tof] ;do glbcf}+ lsgeg] /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ / dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+o'Qm k|of;af6 g}
jftf{ ;kmn x'g ;Sg] xf] . ;dod} ;a} ldNg] xf] eg] s'g} klg zlQmn] h:tf];'s}
hfnem]n u/] klg hgtfsf] cTolws ax'dt xfd|f] kIfdf cfp“5 .. xfdL hgtfsf]
() k|ltzt ax'dtn] ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t\ k|hftflGqs ;+ljwfg agfpg ;S5f}+ / gof“
cu|ufdL lgsf; lgsfNg ;S5f}+ . To;kl5 s'g zlQmsf] af/]df s:tf] km};nf ug]{
eGg] sfg'g agfpg xfdL ;S5f}+ . d'Vo s'/f] ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu ))& ;fndf
klg p7]s} xf] . t/ Tolta]nf xfd|f] zlQm;Gt'ng lyPg, clxn] zlQm;Gt'ng 5 .
hgtfsf] r]tgfsf] lx;fan] / kmf}hL zlQmsf] lx;fan] klg k'/fgf] /fHo;Qf zfxL
;]gfsf] andf l6s]sf] 5, To;nfO{ wf/f;foL kfg]{ / cu|ufdL lgsf; lgsfNg] k|of;sf]
nflu hgtfsf] xftdf ;]gf x'g' s'g ck/fw xf] t < Tof] ;]gfnfO{ xfdLn]
k|ltlqmofjfbLlj?4 k|of]u ubf{ s] cfklQ eof] / < zfxL ;]gf lgz:q xf];\, zfxL
;]gfn] cfkm\gf] ¿kdf kl/jt{g u/L /fli6«o ;]gf agf];\, hgd'lQm ;]gf klg To;sf]
lglDt tof/ 5 . ha;Dd zfxL ;]gf Psflt/ /lx/xG5, k|hftGqsf] lj/f]wdf af/Daf/
k|of]u e}/xG5 eg] To;nfO{ lgz:q ug]{ t xfd|f] clwsf/sf] n8fO“ xf], st{Jo xf] .
xfd|f] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] andf klg ca cu|ufdL lgsf; ;+ej 5 .. hgd'lQm ;]gf
x'“b}gYof] eg] of] l:ylt cfp“b}gYof] . of] s'/fnfO{ ;a}n] Vofn ug'{k5{ .
ca ;zQm
hgbafa l;h{gf ePg eg] jftf{ ;kmn x'“b}g . k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfaf6 jftf{sf]
jftfj/0f tf]l8Psf] 5 . xfdL e|ddf kg'{ x'“b}g . xfdLn] Ph]08f k|:t't
u/]sf] 8]9 dlxgf e};Sof], o;af/] rr}{ ePsf] 5}g . jftf{nfO{ lnªl/ª
u/fOPsf] 5 . o;qmddf ljb]zLx¿sf] e/df ;'b[9 x'“b} bdg ug]{ of]hgf
;Qfwf/Lx¿sf] 5 . To;}n] pgLx¿ jftf{ rfx“b}gg\ . t/ xfdL klg
clglZrt sfn;Dd s'/]/ a:b}gf}+ . hgtfsf] aLrdf hfG5f}+ . u|fdL0f If]qdf
w]/} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 .. hxf“ pTkLl8t blnt, hghflt, dlxnfx¿ lyP of] ;ft
jif{sf] hgo'4n] pgLx¿nfO{ h'g k|lzIf0f lbnfof], To;af6 cfd"n hgkl/jt{g
eof] . xfdLn] ufp“af6 p7]sf] r]tgf:t/nfO{ zx/df cufl8 Nofpg ;Sof}+ eg]
kl/jt{gnfO{ s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g .. To;sf] andf lgsf; lg:sg ;S5 . ;a}
kf6L{x¿ ldn]/ cfGbf]ngdf hfcf}+, cfGbf]ngs} e/df lgsf; lgsfnf}+ eGg] xfd|f]
c8fg 5 . o;f] ubf{ k'/fgf] ;Qf xfd|f] lj?4df cfp“5 eg] xfdL xtf]T;fxL eP/
a:g]jfnf 5}gf}+ .
b]z olta]nf cToGt} ;+uLg cj:yfdf 5 . cGt/f{li6«o zlQmx¿n] gfª\uf]
¿kdf cfkm\gf] rnv]n a9fO/x]sf 5g\ . o; l:yltdf xfdL g]kfnLx¿n] gof“
cfwf/df gof“ /fli6«o Pstf sfod u/]/ cufl8 ga9\g] xf] eg] xfd|f] /fli6«o
:jfwLgtf g} uDeL/ vt/fdf kg]{ l:ylt 5 . k|hftGq / /fli6«otfnfO{ Ps csf{sf]
k"/s agfP/ hfg], gof“ cfwf/df gof“ /fli6«otf sfod ug]{ sfd cfhsf]
cfjZostf xf] . o;sf] lglDt xfd|f] kf6L{ k|lta4 5 . /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n]
klg oxL uDeL/tfnfO{ Wofg lb+b} cfufdL lbgdf cfGbf]ngsf] ;zQm cf“wLa]x/L l;h{gf
u/]/, dlSs;s]sf] /fhtGqnfO{ kN6fP/, k|hftGqnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg] sfddf of]ubfg
lbg ;s"g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{ xd]zf sf“wdf sf“w ldnfP/ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf
lx+8\g tof/ 5 . tLtf–dL7f s'/fx¿ ePsf 5g\ . Jojxfl/s sdLsdhf]/Lx¿
klg ePsf 5g\, To;nfO{ ;Rofpg xfdL tTk/ 5f}+ .. t/ hgtf / /fi6«sf] h'g
cfsf+Iff xf], p2]Zo xf], To;nfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf xfdL v]njf8 ug{ lbg] kIfdf
5}gf}+ . of] xfd|f] k|lta4tf xf] .
s[i0faxfb'/
dx/f
clxn] d'n'sdf
cu|udg / k|ltudgsf/L b'O{j6f tAsf 5 .. cu|udgsf lj?4 b]zL ljb]zL
k|ltlqmofjfbLx? / ;fd|fHojfbLx? nflukl//x]sf] oyfy{ xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ .
o;nfO{ xfdL if8\oGq elg/x]sf 5f}+ . cfhsf] k|d'v Ph]08f eg]sf] jftf{sf]
Ph]08f g} xf], t/ ax; csf]{lt/ klg s]lGb|t 5 .. ;/sf/ abNg] / oxL l:yltnfO{
nDAofpg] sf]l;; eO/x]sf] 5 . k|ltlqmofjfbLx? ;a}n] g]kfnnfO{ cu|udgdf
hfgaf6 /f]Sg] k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . lglZrt ?kd} hglj/f]wL k|ltlqmofjfbL
zlQmx? / ljb]zL zlQmx?sf] OR5fg';f/ o:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 . b]zn] cfh g/fd|f]
l:yltsf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] o'4lj/fd u¥of}+– d'n'ssf] ;d:of
;dfwfg u/f}+ eg]/ . /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;'?d} k|ltudgnfO{ glhsaf6 b]Vg g;Sbf
cfh b]z of] cj:yf;Dd cfOk'u]sf] 5 . s'g} klg b]zsf] /fhgLlts cj:yf sdhf]/
b]Vbf lglZrt} ?kdf ljb]zL zlQmx?n] cfkm\gf] :jfy{cg'?k To;nfO{ e/k"/ k|of]u
ug]{ u5{g\ .
oxL l:yltdf
xfdLn] gof“ w/ftndf pleP/ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ k|of; u¥of}+ . t/ k'/fgf]
;QfkIfn] jftf{nfO{ tf]8]/ ;/sf/ km]/abn ug]{ h:tf d'2fdf clNem/x]sf] 5 .
of] l:yltnfO{ a'em]/ slDtdf klg b]zeQm / hgjfbL zlQmx?n] b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf
s:tf] lg0f{o ug]{ eGg] s'/f ;f]Rg Psbd} h?/L 5 . kl/jt{gsf/L zlQmx? Ps x'g
;Sg'k5{ . Tof] PsTj gof“ cfwf/df vf]Hg'k5{ . Tof] eg]sf] clxn] klg
gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] w/ftndf 6]Sg' g} xf] . To;sf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;efdf hfg'kg]{
x'G5 .
g/xl/
cfrfo{
dfcf]jfbLn]
a}zfv !$ ut] jftf{sf Ph]08fx? ljlwjt\ ?kdf cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . Ph]08fdf cfPsf
s'/fn] d]/f] cfsif{0f a9]sf] 5 / d'n'sn] klg To;df Wofg lbPsf] 5 . Tof]
eg]sf] k|hftflGqs ;d'Ggt g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{, k|hftGq / /fli6«otfnfO{
Pscsf{;“u ld;fP/ dfq x]g{ ;lsG5, hxf“ hgtfsf clwsf/ s'l07t x'G5g\ Toxf“
/fli6«otf klg x'vb}g .. nf]stflGqs d"No k4ltsf] ;+:yfkgf h?/L 5 eGg]
;Gbe{df h'g s'/f p7fOPsf] 5 To;n] :jfefljs ?kdf nf]stGqjfbLx?nfO{ cfslif{t
u/fPsf] 5 / cfZj:t klg kf/]sf] 5 . ;“u} a;]/ 5nkmn / ljrf/ ug{;Sg] / Pp6f
lgisif{df k'Ug ;lsG5 eGg] kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . d'n'se/
ufp“ufp“;Dd o; ljifodf ax; k|f/De ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cfsif{0f
a9]sf] 5 .
ljut %)
jif{b]lv of] d'n'sdf Pp6f ljifo clNem/fv]sf] 5 . ))& ;fnsf] hgqmflGtsf]
Pp6f p2]Zo lyof], ))& kmfu'g & ut] h'g k|lta4tf JoQm ul/Psf] lyof],
To;nfO{ tTsfnLg /fhf lqe'jgn] )!) ;fndf g} k|ltudgåf/f k/f:t ug]{ sfd u/] .
zfxL 3f]if0ffdfkm{t\ pgn] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ k'gM cfkm\gf] xftdf
lnP . ToxL 3f]if0ffn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s'/fnfO{ lg:t]h kf¥of] .
sf+u|];n] )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ d'l5{t cj:yfdf /x]sf] dfg]sf] 5 .
o; dfg]df of] ;+ljwfg Ao'“ltg ;S5 ls ;Sb}g < eGg] k|Zg Toxf“ 5 .
km]l/ Ao'“ltPkl5 To;nfO{ oyfjt\ /fVg jf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 ls ;ls+b}g csf]{ k|Zg
5 . lsgls d"l5{t ePsf] lj/fdL Ao'“ltof] eg] klg Tof] oyfjt\ g/xg klg
;S5 . ckf¨ x'g klg ;S5 . ca /fhfn] :ki6 eGg'k5{, ;+ljwfg s'g cj:yfdf
5 . ;+ljwfg s'g cj:yfdf 5 eGg] k|Zg pl7/x]sf] a]nfdf sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/
lnPsf /fhfn] o;sf] hjfkm lbg}k5{ .. /fhfn] ;+ljwfg d[t eO;s]sf] 3f]if0ff
u5{g\ eg] hgtfn] lg0f{o ug]{5g\– s;/L ;+ljwfg agfpg] / s:tf] ;+ljwfg agfpg]
< ;+ljwfg agfpg] zlQm hgtf g} x'g\ . To;}n] gof“ ;+ljwfg g} agfpg] xf]
eg] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjdf hfg'k5{ .. sf+u|];sf ;efkltn] elg;Sg'ePsf] 5–
…xfdL lgMzt{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf nflu tof/ 5f}+ . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{
k|lqmofdf d'n'ssf d"n /fhgLlts zlQmaLr ;dembf/L x'g h?/L 5 . cu|ufdL
lgsf; / ljsf;sf nflu ;femf cjwf/0ff aGg h?/L 5 .
clxn] b]z
ue{jtL cj:yfdf 5 . b]zn] s:tf] aRrf hGdfpg] eGg] xfdL ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf]
xftdf 5 . Psflt/ ;'Gb/ aRrf hGdfpg ;lsg] l:ylt 5 eg] a]n}df g;f]r] s'?k
aRrf hGdg]5 . olta]nf dfcf]jfbLn] ;Dk"0f{ zlQmx?nfO{ ;d]6\g
cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?aLr e|d / km"6 km}nfpg]x?nfO{ va/bf/ ub}{ cfGbf]ngdf pqG5f}+
eGb}5 . olta]nf ;8s / jftf{df Pp6} dfu lnP/, ;8sn] jftf{df va/bf/L /
jftf{sf] df]rf{af6 ;8s cfGbf]ngdf x'g] v/faLnfO{ va/bf/L u/]/ cufl8 a9] dfq
;+s6nfO{ lgsf; lbg ;lsG5 . To;sf] lglDt cu|udgsf] Kofs]h ;xdlt vf]Hg'kb{5 .
xfdLn] s] gf/fcGtu{t hgtf ;Dk|e' x'G5g\ Tof] vf]Hg'kb{5 .. /fhgLlts bnx?n]
s] a'em\g'kb{5 eg] k|ltudgsf] xn uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
gf/faf6 klg x'G5 . jftf{sf] df]rf{af6 klg Tof] xn x'G5 . To;}n] ;a}
;d:ofsf] xnsf] lglDt gof“ ;+/rgf / gof“ ;+ljwfg n]Vg h?/L 5 .. To;sf]
lglDt ;+ljwfg ;ef k|lqmof / ljifo b'a} xf] .
kbdnfn
ljZjsdf{
ljutsf
cfGbf]ngdf ljleGg wf]sfk"0f{ ;Demf}tfx? eP . xfn;Dd hgtfn]
cfkm"n] ;+ljwfg agfpg kfPsf 5}gg\ .. blntx?n] cfkm\gf] xs, clwsf/
k|fKt ug]{ ca;/ xfn;Ddsf ;+ljwfgdf lyPg . casf] l:yltsf] lgsfz ;+ljwfg
;efaf6 dfq x'g ;Sg] s'/f k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5 . of] blntx?n] jf:tljs cy{df
;Dk|e' aGg] / clwsf/ k|fKt ug]{ cj;/ xf] . ca 6fn6'n] s'/fdf cNemg] ;do 5}g .
cNemg]sf lj?4 klg n8\b} xfdL of] /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldlt;“u sfo{ut ?kdf
k|lta4 x'“b} hfg'k5{ . ;a} zlQmx? Pstfa4 ePgf}+ eg] oxf“ ef/tLo,
cd]l/sL jf cGo s'g} ljb]zL aRrf g]kfndf hGd“b}5 .
8f=
s]=jL= /f]sfof
olta]nf
dfgjclwsf/sf cnu–cnu kl/efiffx? ul/Psf 5g\ .. !) l8;]Da/ !($* sf]
ljZjJokL dfgjclwsf/ 3f]if0ff kqsf] k|:tfjgfdf /fHon] hgtf jf gful/ssf
cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx? k"/f ug{ ;s]g eg] hgtf ljb|f]xdf hfG5g\ .
Tof] ljb|f]xnfO{ /fHoåf/f /f]Sg] k|of; ul/of] eg] xfdLn] pgLx?sf dfgjclwsf/sf]
Uof/]06L ul/g'k5{ eg]/ :ki6 elgPsf] 5 . To;}n] ljb|f]x ug{ kfpg' hgtfsf]
dfgj clwsf/ xf] . g]kfnL hgtf zf]if0f–pTkL8gsf lj?4 ljb|f]xdf plqPsf]
k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] dfcf]jfbLn] hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] efUosf] km};nf ug]{
clwsf/ lbOg'kg]{ tyf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf s'/f p7fPsf] 5 Tof]
dfgjclwsf/k|ltsf] cToGt} 7"nf] ;Ddfg xf] . dfcf]jfbLn] jt{dfg ;+s6sf]
lgsf; lgsfNg / hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d agfpg tLg dfux? k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .. h'g
cToGt} k|hftflGqs 5g\ . Tof] eGbf c? k|hftflGqs gf/f s;}n] lbg ;Sb}g .
dfcf]jfbLsf oL gf/f / jftf{6f]nLaf6 JoQm ljrf/af6 g} dfcf]jfbL olta]nf
k|lta4tfsf ;fy jftf{df cfPsf] k|i6 5 . hgtfnfO{ ca ;+ljwfg agfpg lbOg'k5{ ..
olta]nf ljb]zL zlQmx?af6 /fli6«otf vt/fdf 5 / ;a}n] uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg'k5{ .
8f=
sNof0fb]j e§/fO{
;+ljwfg !*
c;f]heGbf klxNo} dl/;s]sf] lyof] . !* c;f]hkl5 b]zdf ;}lgs ;Qf sfod 5 .
dl/;s]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ bfx;+:sf/ u/]/ gof“ ;+ljwfg gn]Vg] xf] eg] b]zdf
/fhg}lts dxfdf/L km}lng]5 . To;sf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;ef Psbd} cfjZos 5, Tof]
eGbf csf]{ k|hftflGqs ljlw s'g} klg 5}g . !@ jif{sf lqmofsnfkn] /fhgLlts
bnx?n] ;+ljwfgdf s:tf] ;+zf]wg u5{g\ eGg] s'/f k|i6 eO;s]sf] 5 . To;sf]
pbfx/0f 6gsk'/, dxfsfnL h:tf ;lGw–;Demf}tf 5“b}5g\ .
8f=
/fddfg >]i7
jt{dfg
;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ug{sf] lglDt agfOPs} xf]Og . s]jn b]vfpgsf] lglDt xf] .
ToxL ;+ljwfgnfO{ klg ;Sg]n] ldlr/x]sf 5g\ . jt{dfg ;+s6sf] lgsf; uf]nd]r
;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf, cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgåf/f dfq x'g
;S5 . xfdLn] …zflGtsf nflu a'l4hLjLx?sf] cleofgÚ u7g u/]/ s]xL ;do klxn]
tL tLg dfux? dfq jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;dfwfgsf k|lqmof x'g\ eg]/ krf{ lgsfNbf
xfdLnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ag] eg]/ cf/f]k klg nufOof] t/ oltv]/ o;sf] kIfdf Jofks hgdt
;[li6 ePsf] 5 / xfd|f] s'/f 7Ls lg:s]sf] 5 . ca ToxL af6f]af6 dfq jt{dfg
/fhgLlts ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg ;Dej 5 .
;l/tf
lu/L
oltv]/ ;f/f
b]zsf] rfxgf ;+ljwfg ;eflt/ uPsf] 5 . hgtfnfO{ ;Dk|e' agfpg] pTs[i6 ljlw jf
k|hftflGqs ljlw g} ;+ljwfg ;ef xf] . o; ljlwaf6 b]zsf] /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf]
Jofks ;dfwfg x'G5 . )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg ;'?b]lv g} pNn+3g ePsf] lyof] .
!* c;f]hdf cfPkl5 k"/} ;dfKt eO;Sof] . xfd|f] kf6L{ ;b\efjgfn] ca
;+ljwfg ;efsf] af6f] ckgfO;s]sf] 5 .
s]zjnfn
>]i7
jt{dfg
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;a} kIfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] Pp6f ;+o'Qm /fli6«o /fhgLlts
;Dd]ng cfof]hgf x'g'k5{ . Toxf“ ;d:ofx?af/] Jofks 5nkmn x'g'k5{ .
To;af6 Pp6f ;/sf/ u7g u/L ;+ljwfg ;efsf] k|lqmofdf hfg'afx]s cGo ljsNk 5}g .
;L=kL=
d}gfnL
clxn] cu|udg
/ k|ltudgaLrdf åGå rln/x]sf] 5 . cu|udgsf] nflu hgtf zflGtk"0f{ /
;z:q b'a} cfGbf]ngdf nl8/x]sf 5g\ . cu|ufdL lgsf; jt{dfg sfg'g / cj:yfaf6
x'g ;Qm}g . ca b]z ;+ljwfg ;efdf hfg'afx]s cGo ljsNk 5}g . )$^ ;fnd}
k|ltudg ;'? ePsf] lyof] . gof“ ;+ljwfg agfpg' clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] ..
/fhgLlts bnx?sf] cfGbf]ngn] k|ltudgsf] lj/f]w u/] klg 7f]; p2]Zo / nIo af]s]sf
5}gg\ . ;ª\sL0f{tfsf] 3]/fdf km;]sf] 5}g .
nLnfdl0f kf]v/]n
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d
;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;ef oL tLg gf/fx? ;d:of ;dfwfgsf Psdfq ljsNk x'g\ eGg] Jofks
dfxf}n ag]sf] 5 . k|hftGqsf] kl/efiffnfO{ s;}n] :jLsf/ u5{ / ;+ljwfg
;efnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{g eg] k|hftGqsf] ;j{dfGo kl/efiff c:jLsf/ u/]sf] x'G5 .
ljb]zL rnv]n a9]sf] 5 . 8/nfUbf] e'd/Ldf b]z km:b}5 . olb xfdLn] ;femf
;xdlt;fy hgcfGbf]ngåf/f cu|ufdL lgsf; lgsfNg hgbjfj glbP zfxL ;]gf jftf{ /
cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] afws agfPsf] 5 / jftf{ ef“8\g tNnLg 5 . jQmJojfhL ug]{
nufot sfo{af6 ;]gfn] oltv]/ /fhgLlt ul//x]sf] 5 .
zª\s/ kf]v/]n