dfcf]jfbL kf6L{åf/f P]ltxfl;s
lg0f{ox? ;fj{hlgs
cu|ufdL lgsf; ;kmn x'g glbP
To;sf] lhDd]jf/ k'/fgf] ;Qf x'g]
sf7df8f}+÷g]kfn nufot ljZjsf s/f]8f}+ u/La hgtfsf] d'lQmsf]
cu'jf alg/x]sf] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]
k"0f{ a}7s hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;'/Iff / hg;d'bfosf] k|ToIf ;xof]udf b]zleq} Ps
u|fdL0f cfwf/Onfsfdf P]ltxfl;s lg0f{ox? ub}{ xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] u/]sf P]ltxfl;s lg0f{onfO{ ;fj{hlgs ub}{
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf s= k|r08n] zflGtk"0f{ / cu|ufdL /fhg}lts
lgsf;k|ltsf] xfd|f] clGtd kxnsf afh'b of] ;kmn gePdf To;sf] lhDd]jf/ ;fd|fHojfb
/ p;sf] cf8 / Ozf/fdf rNg] k'/fgf] ;Qf / To;sf c+lzof/ g} x'g] / g]kfnL hgtfsf]
ljb|f]xnfO{ s;}n] /f]Sg g;Sg] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
lj1lKtdf cWoIf tyf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;jf]{Rr sdf08/ s= k|r08n]
eGg'ePsf] 5– …k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ;fdl/s, cfly{s / k|fylds ;xof]usf
gfddf zfxL cd]l/sg ;]gf agfpg] if8\oGqsf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ b:tfj]hn] …cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfb g]kfn 5f]8Ú sf] gf/f cGtu{t b]zsf] :jtGqtf, :jfledfg / :jlg0f{osf]
clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu Psh'6 eP/ cl3 a9\g cfd hg;d'bfo;“u ckLn u/]sf] 5 .
s= k|r08åf/f ;f/ule{t pb\3f6g dGtJo;lxt ;'? ePsf] s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] pQm P]ltxfl;s a}7ssf] k|f/Dedf s= /fdj[If ofbj, s= ;'/]z jfUn],
l/taxfb'/ v8\sf nufot hgo'4sf / hgo'4 k"j{sf, b]zleq / aflx/sf cd/
zxLbx?k|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
a}7sdf ljleGg s]Gb|Lo sdf08, If]qLo sdf08 / ljefuLo
O~rfh{;lxt ;a} kL=aL=Pd=x?af6 ;d]t cf–cfkm\gf] sfd / lhDd]jf/Lsf af/]df
tYod"ns l/kf]l6{¨ ePsf] lyof] .
lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5–…l/kf]l6{ª\kZrft\ cWoIf s= k|r08åf/f
To;sf] ;+Zn]if0f ub}{ kf6L{sf] /fhg}lts >]i7tf b]zleq dfq xf]Og, pNn]vgLo
?kn] cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ;d]t :yflkt ePsf] / kf6L{k|lt cfd hgtfsf] cfzf, ljZjf; /
e/f];fdf u'0ffTds a[l4 ePsf] lgisif{ lgsflnof] .Ú
a}7ssf] k|d'v sfo{;"lrdf cWoIf s= k|r08åf/f …jt{dfg
kl/l:ylt / P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/Ú gfds b:tfj]h k|:t't ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ lj1lKtdf
cufl8 elgPsf] 5– …;sf/fTds cfj]u / ljj]s;+ut ax;sf] pRrtf;lxt hg;d'bfo /
kf6L{sf] ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbdfly dfq xf]Og efjL k|ltqmflGtsf] vt/fdfly ;d]t
ljhosf] gof“ cfTdljZjf;;lxt Psdtn] b:tfj]h kfl/t eof] .Ú
b:tfj]hsf] ;a}eGbf ljrf/f]Q]hs v08sf ?kdf …Oltxf;sf cg'ej /
PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbsf] ljsf;sf] cWofoaf/] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f ul/Psf]
lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf dxfg\ qmflGt / eofgs k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ej,
lj1fg–k|ljlw, d'VotM ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfPsf] ce"tk"j{ ljsf;;lxtsf]
cfhsf] ljZj kl/l:ylt Pjd\ :jod\ g]kfnL hgo'4sf ;ft jif{sf cg'ej / o;sf cufl8
ljBdfg ;Defjgf / r'gf}ltx?sf] n]vfhf]vfsf cfwf/df b:tfj]hn] …lg/Gt/ qmflGtÚ /
…ljb|f]xÚ ug]{ hg;d'bfosf] clwsf/nfO{ @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf ;+:yfut ug]{ ljrf/,
gLlt, ljlw / of]hgfsf] l;h{gfTds / ;fxl;s k|:tfj k]z u/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ lj1lKtdf
hf]8 lbOPsf] 5– hgjfbL gof“ /fHo;Qfsf] j}wflgs ;Ldfleq hg;d'bfosf] ultzLntf,
:jtGqtf / hgjfbL k|lt:kwf{nfO{ gof“ cfwf/df ;+:yfut u/L k|ltqmflGtnfO{ ;+s]t
ub}{ of] b:tfj]hsf] cWofo g]kfnsf nflu dfq xf]Og ljZj qmflGts} nflu klg Pp6f
sf];]9'¨f x'g ;Sg] ljZjf; s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] k|s6 u/]sf] 5 .
jt{dfg 3/]n' kl/l:yltaf/]sf] b:tfj]hsf] lg0f{odf elgPsf] 5–
o'4lj/fd / jftf{sf] qmddf kf6L{sf] e"ldsf jftf{sf] 6]a'ndf k|:t't /fhg}lts
sfo{;"lrsf] j:t'jfbL dxŒjaf]w;lxtsf] hgcfsif{0f xfd|f] kf6L{l;t tLa| ultdf
a9\g yfn]kl5 ToxL cg'kftdf ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]k / if8\oGq klg a9\b} uPsf]
5 . lj1lKtdf zflGtk"0f{ / cu|ufdL lgsf; vf]Hg] xfd|f] Go"gtd\
k'“hLjfbL k|hftflGqs dfudf ;fdGtL lg/ª\s'ztfjfbL dfq xf]Og k|d'v ;+;jfbL bnx?
;d]t ;xdt gePsf] oyfy{tfn] pgLx? b]zdf g t /fli6«otfsf] ;Da4{g / zflGt rfxG5g\,
g jf:tljs k|hftGq g} eGg] s'/f km]l/ Psk6s k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .
a}7skl5 g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf s= k|r08n] h]7 !( sf]
ldltdf hf/L ug'{ePsf] pQm jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7 kf7sx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu oxf“
lbOPsf] 5– æxfn} g]kfnL ;j{xf/f ju{sf] uf}/jzfnL /fhg}lts k|ltlglw, g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] k"0f{ a}7s (Plenum) cWoIf
s= k|r08sf] cWoIftfdf ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg eof] .. hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
;'/Iff Pj+ hg;d'bfosf] k|ToIf ;xof]udf b]z leqsf] Ps u|fdL0f cfwf/ Onfsfdf
cToGt ;xh / pT;fxk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf ;DkGg eO{ pQm a}7ssf lg0f{x?sf]
;f/;+If]k ;fj{hlgs ug{ of] k|]; j1lKt hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
!= ljleGg cfsif{s t'n, Jofg/åf/f ;lhPsf] ljz]if xndf cWoIf s=
k|r08åf/f ;f/ule{t pb\3f6g dGtJo;lxt cufl8 a9fOPsf] a}7ssf] k|f/Dedf s= /fdj[If
ofbj, s= ;'/]z jfUn], s= l/t axfb'/ v8\sf nufot hgo'4sf ;Dk"0f{ cd/
zxLbx?, hgo'4 k"j{ Pjd\ b]zleq / aflx/sf tdfd 1ft–c1ft zxLbx?k|lt
df}gwf/0f;lxt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ul/of] .
@= a}7sdf ljleGg s]Gb|Lo sdf08, If]qLo sdf08 / ljefuLo O~rfh{ ;lxt
;a} PBM x?af6
;d]t cf—cfkm\gf] sfd / lhDd]jf/Lsf af/]df tYod"ns l/kf]l6{¨ k|:t't
ul/of] . l/kf]l6{¨sf] cGtdf To;sf] ;+Zn]if0f ub}{ cWoIf s= k|r08n]
kf6L{sf] /fhg}lts >]i7tf b]zleq dfq xf]Og, pNn]vgLo?kn] cGt/f{li6«o :t/df
;d]t :yflkt ePsf], kf6L{k|lt cfd hgtfsf] cfzf, ljZjf; / e/f]zfdf u'0ffTds a[l4
ePsf] tyf ;du| sfd pT;fxaw{s 9+un] cufl8 a9]sf] lgisif{ lgsflnof] .
kf6L{sf] of] hah{:t ljsf;sf sf/0f 56kl6Psf ;fdGtjfbL / ;fd|fHojfbL tTjx?åf/f
v8f ul/Psf] / v8f ul/g] r'gf}ltx?sf] ;kmntfk"j{s ;fdgf ug{ ;+u7gsf ;a}
;+/rgf Pj+ hg–;DaGwnfO{ cem ;'b[9 ug]{ cfjZostfaf/] klg l/kf]l6{¨sf] lgisif{df
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
#= a}7ssf] k|d'v sfo{;"rLsf?kdf cWoIf s= k|r084f/f æjt{dfg
kl/l:ylt / xfd|f] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/Æ gfds b:tfj]h k|:t't ul/of] . ;sf/fTds
cfj]u / ljj]s;+ut jx;sf] pRrtf;lxt hg;d'bfo / kf6L{sf] ;fdGtjfb /
;fd|fHojfbdfly dfq xf]Og efjL k|ltqmflGtsf] vt/fdfly ;d]t ljhosf] gof“
cfTdljZjf;;lxt Psdtn] kfl/t ePsf] pQm b:tfj]hsf] ;f/;+If]k lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf] 5
M
s_ b:tfj]hn] jt{dfg ljZj kl/l:yltsf] tYok/s ;+Zn]if0f ub}{
cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfb d'VotM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] ljz]iftf, p208tf / To;sf]
clgjfo{ ktgsf] k|lqmofaf/] 7f]; ;+Zn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . ljZj kl/l:ylt /
g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ;DaGwaf/] rrf{ ub}{ b:tfj]hn] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / o;sf cufl8
3'“8f 6]Sg] ;fdGtL cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{sf] gof“ /0fgLlt k|:t't u/]sf]
5 . g]kfnnfO{ c•f agfP/ blIf0f Plzofsf hg;d'bfodfly k|e'Tj s:g] tyf
rLgnfO{ 3]/f xfNg] ;fd|fHojfbL cd]l/sfsf] /0fgLltsf] k|ltsf/ ug{ b]zleq / aflx/
ckgfOg] qmflGtsf/L /0fgLltsf] th'{df klg b:tfj]hn] u/]sf] 5 . k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ;fdl/s, cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof]usf gfddf zfxL–cd]l/sg ;]gf
agfpg] if8oGqsf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ b:tfj]hn] …cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb g]kfn 5f]8Ú sf] gf/f
cGtu{t b]zsf] :jtGqtf, :jfledfg / :j–lg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu Psh'6 eP/
cufl8 a9\g cfd hg;d'bfo;“u ckLn u/]sf] 5 . O/fs o'4;Dd cfp“bf ;fd|fHojfbsf
lj?4 ljZjqmflGtsf] gof“ nx/sf nflu j:t'ut kl/l:ylt cem kl/kSj ag]sf] lgisif{
lgsfNb} b:tfj]hn] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] p208tf / wDsLsf lj?4 n8\g] @!cf}+
ztfAbLsf /0fgLltsf] k|f/lDes vfsf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
v_ b:tfj]hsf] ;a}eGbf ljrf/f]Q]hs v08sf ?kdf …Oltxf;sf cg'ej
/ @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;af/]Ú zLif{ssf] cWofo /x]sf] 5 . @)cf}+
ztfAbLsf dxfg\ qmflGt / eofgs k|ltqmlGtsf cg'ej, lj1fg–k|ljlw d'VotM ;"rgf
k|ljlwdf ePsf] ce"tk"j{ ljsf;;lxtsf] cfhsf] ljZj kl/l:ylt Pjd\ :jod\
g]kfnL hgo'4sf ;ft jif{sf cg'ej / o;sf cufl8 ljBdfg ;+efjgf / r'gf}ltx?sf]
n]vfhf]vfsf cfwf/df b:tfj]hn] …lg/Gt/ qmflGtÚ / …ljb|f]x ug]{ hg;d'bfosf]
clwsf/Ú nfO{ @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf ;+:yfut ug]{ ljrf/, gLlt, ljlw / of]hgfsf]
l;h{gfTds / ;fxl;s k|:Tffjgf k]z u/]sf] 5 . kf6L{ leq / aflx/ ;d]t a[xt\
5nkmnsf lgldQ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f kfl/t b:tfj]hsf] of] cWofodf qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{
tyf efjL k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg] P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfdf s]lGb|t x'“b} kf6L{, ;]gf /
/fHo;Qfdf hg;d'bfosf] lgoGq0f, lgu/fgL / x:tIf]knfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ gof“ dfGotf /
ljlw;lxt cf}krfl/s hgjfb / gf]s/zfxL ju{ / sfo{z}nLsf] ljsf;sf] vt/fsf lj?4
n8\g] gof“ j}rfl/s xltof/åf/f hg;d'bfonfO{ ;';lHht ug]{ uDeL/ hdsf]{ ul/Psf]
5 . hgjfbL gof“ /fHo;Qfsf] j}wflgs ;Ldfleq hg;d'bfosf] ultzLntf, :jtGqtf /
hgjfbL k|lt:kwf{nfO{ gof“ cfwf/df ;+:yfut u/L k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg] of]
cWofosf] lgisif{ g]kfnL qmflGtsf nflu dfq xf]Og ljZjqmflGts} nflu klg Pp6f
sf];]9'¨f (Milestone)
x'g ;Sg] ljZjf; s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] k|s6 u/]sf] 5 .. ljZjJofkL
dxTjsf] cToGt uDeL/ ljifo ePsf]n] g} s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] o;dfly kf6L{ leq / aflx/
;d]t Jofks axzkl5 dfq cfjZos kl/dfh{g;lxt clGtd lg0f{odf k'Ug' ;xL x'g] lgisif{
lgsfn]sf] 5 .
u_ jt{dfg 3/]n' kl/l:yltaf/] rrf{ ub}{ b:tfj]hn] o'4lj/fd,
jftf{ / cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;af/] kf6L{sf] uDeL/ / lhDd]jf/k"0f{ kxn /
e"ldsfsf afjh"b j}b]lzs zlQm s]Gb| d'VotM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / p;sf
g]kfnL bnfnx?n] k|f/Deb]lv g} if8oGq ub}{ cfPsf tYox? k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
o'4lj/fd / jft{fsf] qmddf kf6L{sf] e"ldsf, jftf{sf] 6]a'ndf k|:t't
/fhg}lts sfo{;"lrsf] j:t'jfbL dxTjaf]w;lxt cfd hg;d'bfosf] cfsif{0f xfd|f]
kf6L{k|lt tLa| ultdf a9\g yfn]kl5 ToxL cg'kftdf ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]k / if8oGq
klg a9\b} uPsf] oyfy{nfO{ b:tfj]hn] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d
;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t zflGtk"0f{ / cu|ufdL lgsf; vf]Hg] xfd|f]
Go"gtd k'“hLjfbL k|hftflGqs dfudf ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfbL dfq xf]Og k|d'v
;+;bjfbL bnx? ;d]t ;xdt g ePsf] oyfy{n] pgLx? b]zdf g jf:tljs cy{df
/fli6«otfsf] ;Da4{g / zflGt rfxG5g\, g jf:tljs k|hftGq g} eGg] s'/f Psk6s km]l/
k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . of] P]ltxfl;s ;RrfOnfO{ :ki6 ub}{ b:tfj]hn] clxn]
b]vfk/]sf] b/jfl/of / k|d'v ;+;bjfbLsf aLrsf] lvrftfgLsf k5fl8 ljleGg j}b]lzs
zlQm–s]Gb|x?sf] g]kfndf cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf lgldQ rn]sf] cfk;L 6s/fj /x]sf]
jf:tljstf cf}+NofPsf] 5 .. cGttM pgLx?sf aLrsf] emu8f b]z / hgtfsf lj?4
k'/fgf] ;Qfdf c+zj08fsf] emu8fdfq ePsf]n] Tof] j}b]lzs zlQm s]Gb|x?sf] ;xdlt /
lgb]{zg cg';f/ s';L{sf] tfnd]ndf 6'l¨g] oyfy{åf/f hg;d'bfonfO{ k|lzlIFt /
uf]naGb ug]{ cfjZostfdf b:tfj]hn] hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . t/, hgcfwf/ Pjd\
hgljZjf; u'dfO;s]sf tTjx?sf] ckljq ;f“7uf“7n] cfhsf] g]kfnsf ljikmf]6s
;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg x'g g;Sg] oyfy{nfO{ b:tfj]hn] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . olt
x'“bfx'“b} klg o'4lj/fd, jftf{ / zflGtk"0f{ Pjd\ cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf
lj?4 eO/x]sf tdfd if8oGqnfO{ lrb}{ o;nfO{ ;kmn kfg{sf nflu ldNg ;Sg] hlt ;a};“u
tfnd]n, ;dembf/L / sfo{ut Pstf;lxt cfGbf]ng ug]{ gLlt kf6L{n] cl3;f/]sf]
5 . zflGtk"0f{ / cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;k|ltsf] xfd|f] clGtd kxnsf
afjh'b of] ;kmn gePdf To;sf] lhDd]jf/ ;fd|fHojfb / p;sf] cf8 / Ozf/fdf rNg]
k'/fgf] ;Qf / To;sf c+lzof/ g} x'g]5g\ . / g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljb|f]xnfO{
s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sg] 5}g .
3_ b:tfj]hsf] cGtdf tfTsflns gLlt / of]hgfaf/] 7f]; k|:tfjx?
cl3;f/]sf] 5 . h;df j}rfl/s, ;f+u7lgs / hg;DaGw ;'b[9 ug]{ ljifo k|d'v
/x]sf 5g\ .
$= a}7sn] ;+u7gfTds sfo{ ljefhg / hgkl/rfngaf/] ;d]t s}of}+
/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o sfd;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
cGtdf a}7ssf] P]ltxfl;s dxTj Pjd\ g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] cjZoDefjL ljhoaf/] cWoIf s= k|r08sf] efj / cfj]un] el/Psf] ;dfkg dGtJosf ;fy a}7s ;dfkg ul/of] .Æ