hgfb]z ;fKtflxs,aif{ !#, c+s ^, k'; @@, @)^), Janadesh Weekly,year 13, Issue.6, Januay 6,2004
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tof/LnfO{ tLa| kf/f}+
cfh xfdL Oltxf;sf] ljz]if ?kn] hl6n, ljz]if ?kn]
;+j]bgzLn / c;fwf/0f l:yltsf] ;fdgf ub}{ uf}/jk"0f{ eljiolt/ cufl8
al9/x]sf 5f}+ . dxfg\ dfS;{n] eg]´}+ hgo'4sf cf7 jif{sf s}of}+ lbgn] aL;f}+
jif{;Ddsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL hgo'4 cToGt tLa|,
3gLe"t / /f]df~rs 9+un] ljsl;t x'“b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . Ps b'O{ 9ln/x]sf
5g\ nfvf}+nfv k|HHjlnt eO/x]sf 5g\ . cfZro{hgs 9+un] ;a} ;sf/fTds /
gsf/fTds s'/fx¿ ;txdf cfpg afWo ePsf 5g\ . ljZjel/sf dfgj clwsf/jfbLx¿,
jlsnx¿, kqsf/ nufot clnslt klg dfgjLo ;+j]bgf ePsf ;d:t a'l4hLjLx¿sf] ;To /
Gofosf] kIfdf lsQfaGbL eO/x]sf] 5 . Pl;ofnL d'n'sx¿ dfq xf]Og, hd{g,
a]lNhod, k|mfG;, O6nL, a]nfot, gj]{, :jL8]g nufotsf sof}+ b]zx¿df hgo'4sf]
;xof]ufy{ ;+u7gx¿ lgdf{0f eO/x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] sfo{gLlts gf/f …;+ljwfg
;efsf] lgjf{rgÚ ;d:t k|hftGqjfbLx¿sf] aLrdf nf]slk|o gf/fsf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf]
5 . xfd|f] gf/fsf] ljZjJofkL ?kdf :jtM :km"t{ 9+un] ;d]t k|rf/ k|;f/
eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf b"/b/fh, kxf8L e"–efudf k'u]/ cGt/f{li6«o
;+3;+:yf, JolQmx¿n] cWoog–cg';Gwfg u/]sf l/kf]{6x¿ ;fj{hlgs eO/x]sf 5g\ .
OG6/g]zgn qmfOl;; u|'kb]lv lnP/ a]nfotL kqsf/ 8\oflgon Nofs;Ddn] g]kfnL hgdt
k"0f{?kdf dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf /x]sf] tYo;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf
5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o ;+3–;+:yfx¿ / JolQmx¿n] :jtGq ?kn] cWoog u/]sf] g]kfnL
wtL{sf] oyfy{ ljZj;fd' phfuf/ u/]kl5 ;fdGtL kmf;LjfbL ;QfnfO{ v'n]/ ;xof]u /
;dy{g ug]{ sltko ;fd|fHojfbL d'n'sx¿ xRsg afWo ePsf 5g\ . cfh g]kfnL
hgo'4sf] kIfdf ljZjhgdt ce"tk"j{ ?kdf Psf]xf]l/Psf] 5 . l5d]sL
d'n's ef/tsf hgtfsf] ;dy{g lbgfg'lbg a9\b}5 . lbg ljTb} hf“bf g]kfnL
hgo'4n] tLa| ?kdf ef/tLo hgtfnfO{ k|efljt kfl//x]sf] 5 . ef/tsf ;fdfGo
ls;fg÷dhb'/ ;d]t g]kfndf ljBdfg dWoo'uLg ;fdGtL rl/qsf] kmf;Li6 ;Qfsf] leqL
Xbob]lv g} 3[0ff ub{5g\ . pQ/sf] l5d]sL b]z rLgsf hgtfn] klg g]kfnL ;fdGtL
;QfnfO{ 3[0ff u/]sf s'/fx¿ ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ . dfcf]sfnLg rLgsf] ;D´gf
ub}{ g]kfnL hgo'4sf] af/]df rf;f] / rrf{ u/]sf] s'/f rLgdf Jofkf/ ug]{
g]kfnLx¿n] atfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . l5d]sL b]zsf hgtf dfq xf]Og clnslt klg
/fhgLlts ?kdf ;r]t ljZjsf s'g} klg dflg;nfO{ g]kfnL hgo'4n] 5f]Psf] 5 .
g]kfnLx¿sf] Tofu, tk:of, jL/tf / alnbfgsf] pRr
;¥xfgf ljZjJofkL ?kdf eO/x]sf] 5 . zlQmzfnL k|lt/f]wn] Ps k|sf/sf]
;fO/gsf] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbL b]zsf Gofok|]dL hgtfx¿n] ;d]t
cf—cfÎgf ;/sf/x¿nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ bdg ug]{ ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{ ;xof]u gug{ bjfj
lbO/x]sf 5g\ . o;}sf] kmn:j?k g]b/Nof08, :jL8]g, gj]{ nufotsf sltko
b]zx¿n] ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{ lb+b} cfPsf] cfly{s ;xfotf /f]Ssf ug]{ r]tfjgL lbPsf
5g\ . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] k|hftGqsf] d's'08f]nfO{ xfd|f] ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
lgjf{rgsf] gf/fn] pbf¨f] kf/]sf] 5 . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4df
k|ltlqmofjfbL lsQfsf k"j{ zf;sx¿ ;d]t v'n]/ d}bfgdf pqg yfn]sf 5g\ .
s]xL ;do cufl8 ef/tLo k"j{ k|wfg dGqL OGb|s'df/ u'h/fnn] rLgsf] ;f+3fO{
zx/df e]nf ePsf ljzfn hg;d'bfonfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ o:tf] cfJxfg u/]sf lyP–
æ;fgfltgf dt–dtfGt/nfO{ yftL /fVb} l;+uf] Plzof Psl9Ssf eP/ cd]l/sL
k|e'Tjjfbsf] lj?4 n8\g' kb{5 .Æ :jod\ cd]l/sL hgtf ;fd|fHojfbL zf;s u'6sf]
gfOs] hh{a'zk|lt tLa| 3[0ff ub}{ g]kfn / g]kfnLk|lt lgs} ;+j]bgzLn ePsf] oyfy{
aflx/ cfPsf 5g\ . Ps hgf cd]l/sL a"9L dlxnfn] cfÎgf] hLjgsf] clGtd
If0fdf af]nL aGb ePkl5 cfÎgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] gfddf o:tf] n]v]sL /lx5g\– æd d/]kl5
d]/f nflu 5'6\ofOPsf ;a} /sd ck/fwL a'znfO{ x/fpg vr{ ug'{ .Æ To;}u/L
g]kfndf cfpg] cd]l/sL ko{6sx¿n] o:tf] egfO JoQm u/]—æxfdL w]/} cd]l/sLx¿nfO{
g]kfn / g]kfnL /fd|f] nfU5, xfdL g]kfn / g]kfnLnFO{ dfof u5f}{+ a'z / yf]/}
cd]l/sLx¿sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ xfdLnfO{ g/fd|f] g7fGg' xf]nf .Æ
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pNn]lvt yf]/} tYox¿n] klg /fd|f];"u s] k'li6 ub{5g\ eg] ;To / Gofosf] ´08f
p7fO/x]sf] g]kfnL hgo'4sf] kIfdf ljZjhgdt d'v/ ePsf] 5 . hgo'4k|ltsf]
cfsif{0fdf u'0ffTds a[l4 ePsf] 5 . O/fsL k"j{ /fi6«klt ;2fd x';]gsf]
lu/Îtf/Ln] s]xL dgf]j}1flgs c;/ 5f]8] klg ljZjhgdtaf6 cnuynu ePsf] cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbsf] kIfdf /fhgLlts ?kn] s'g} cfsif{0f b]lvPsf] 5}g . kmf}hL ?kn]
7"nf] ;+s6sf] bnbndf km;]sf] a'z d08nLn] ;2fdsf] lu/Îtf/Lkl5 klg r}gsf]
;f; km]g{ kfPsf] 5}g . clxn] klg O/fsdf cd]l/sL ;}lgsx¿ dfl/g] qmd
/f]lsPsf] 5}g . cd]l/sL ;]gfn] rsf]{ k|lt/f]wsf] ;fdgf ug{ kl//x]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] lbglbg} gof“–gof“ ;d:ofx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ kl//x]sf] 5 .
;2fdsf] lu/Îtf/Lkl5 cfÎgf] l:ylt ;'b[9 kfg{ hlt;'s} k|oTg u/] klg cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbnfO{ Ifl0fs cfTd/lt / af"sL ljZjnfO{ Ifl0fs dgf]j}1flgs c;/ kfg'{
afx]s cGt/f{li6«o l:yltdf tflTjs c;/ kg]{ b]lv+b}g . g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
;Gbe{df klg kf6L{n] to u/]sf] gLltnfO{ ;xL 9+un] nfu" u/]df
;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL hgdtsf] ;dy{g xfd|f] kIfdf lj:tf/ x'“b}hfg] qmd hf/L /xg]
lglZrt k|foM 5 .
jftf{sf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt ePsf] 3f]if0ff;lxt z'?
ePsf] k|lt/f]w ;+3if{ 7f]; pknlAw;lxt ;kmntfk"j{s cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] k|ToIf lgb]{zgdf rln/x]sf] ;}lgs clwgfosjfbL ;fdGtL ;Qfsf
lj?4 j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts / kmf}hL cfqmd0fnfO{ s]lGb|t ug]{ kf6L{sf] gLlt ;xL /
j}1flgs k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . o; aLrdf kf6L{n] to u/]sf] sfo{g}lts gf/f
…uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjÚsf] ljZjJofkL nf]slk|otfn]
j}rfl/s /fhgLlts >]i7tf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df :yflkt ePsf] 5 . s]xL ;do
cufl8 ;DkGg ePsf] kf]ln6Ao"/f]sf] a}7såf/f kfl/t æjt{dfg kl/l:ylt /
xfd|f] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/Æ eGg] k|:tfjsf] k'/s k|:tfj æcGtlj{/f]wx¿sf]
;xL ;~rfng ub}{ k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/LnfO{ gof“ p“rfOdf p7fpg ;Dk"0f{ zlQm
s]lGb|t u/f}+Æ sf] ;xL sfof{Gjogn] kf6L{ kª\lQm, cfd hg;d'bfo / dWojtL{
tKsfdf ;d]t gof“ ljZjf; k}bf ePsf] 5 / gof“ ;dy{gsf] nx/ ;[li6 ePsf] 5 .
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] s7k'tnL ;}lgs clwgfosjfbL kmf;Li6 ;Qfsf] kfunk"0f{
p208tfn] ubf{ dWojtL{ tKsfsf] 3[0ff p;k|lt pTsif{df k'u]sf] 5 .
;+;bLo kf6L{sf eft[ ;+u7gdf cfa4 ePsf o'jfx¿n] csd{0otfsf] lzsf/ eP/ cfTd;dk{0f
ug{ k'u]sf cfÎgf g]tfx¿sf] cfb]znfO{ cj1f ub}{ k'/fgf] ;Qfk|lt tLa| 3[0ff /
cfqmf]z JoQm ub}{ qmflGtsf/L wf/sf] ljZjf;sf] hudf u0ftGqsf] kIfdf uuge]bL gf/f
3GsfP . zfxL cd]l/sL ;}lgs p208tf r/f]dTsif{df k'Uof] . 6\ofS;L
8«fOe/, a;sf] vnf;L, l/S;f rfns, dlGb/df a:g] hf]uL, c;xfo 8f]d, af6f]df /NnL
/x]sf] kfun, cfkmGtnfO{ e]6\g cfPsf kfx'gf s;}nfO{ klg ;}Go kmf;Ljfbn]
5f]8]g . dhb'/, ls;fg, dlxnf, ljBfyL{, kqsf/, jlsn, n]vs, a'l4hLjL nufot
;dfhsf ;a} tKsfsf] efjgfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ ;a} ;LdfnfO{ tf]8]/ o'jfx¿ c;Ld 3[0ff
/ cfqmf]zsf ;fy ;}Go clwgfosjfbsf lj?4 ;8sdf kf]lvP . cfhsf]
ljZjkl/l:yltdf /fhtGq c;Dej 5 eGg] s'/f o'jf ljBfyL{x¿sf lbg lbg}sf
cfqmf]zk"0f{ / h'´f? k|bz{gx¿n] hah{:t k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . lxhf];Dd nfv
cg'goljgo ubf{ klg ;'g]sf] g;'Go} ug]{ ;fdGtL b/af/ o'jfx¿sf dfWodaf6 d'vl/t
x'“b} uPsf] ljb|f]xnfO{ lg:t]h kfg{ Ps sbd kl5 x6]/ gof" if8\oGqsf]
tfgfjfgf a'Gg nflu/x]sf] 5 . oxL Pp6f s8Lsf] ?kdf ePsf] 5– Pdfn] dxf;lrj
dfwj g]kfnsf] æbz{g e]6Æ. xhf/f}+ k6s wf]sf vfO;s]sf g]kfnL hgtfx¿ a]n}df ;r]t
eP/ o; if8\oGqsf] tLa| e08fkmf]/ ub}{ cfTd;dk{0f / u2f/Lsf lj?4 b[9tfk"j{s
;+3if{df nfda4 x'g h?/L ePsf] 5 . of] l:yltdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf cWoIf s=
k|r08n] eg]´}+ dWodfu{sf] ?kdf k|:t't x'g vf]Hg] ;+;bjfbL cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf]
/fhg}lts e08fkmf]/ ub}{ Jofks hgjuL{o Pstf sfod u/L ;}Go kmf;Ljfbsf] lj?4
cfqmd0f s]lGb|t ug'{ kb{5 .
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cft+sjfbsf] p208tf r/df]Tsif{df k'u]/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] 3[0ff–cfqmf]zsf] tf/f]
aGg k'u]sf cd]l/sL zfxL ;}lgs d'lvofx¿ uf]ojN; z}nLdf cgu{n k|rf/ u/]/ hgtfnfO{
lbUe|ldt kfg]{ k|of; ub}{5g\ . 9Ng} nfu]sf] ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{ arfpg clGtd bd
lbg] k|of; ub}{5g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{ s]Gb|n] klxnf] r/0fsf nflu lglZrt u/]sf
sf/jfxLx¿ dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw;lxt k"0f{ ?kn] ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
b]zJofkL ?kdf ePsf 3gLe"t / ;fxl;s sfjf{xLx¿sf] >[+vnfn] b'ZdgnfO{
x}/fg k/]zfg kfb}{ /IffTds l:yltdf /xg afWo kf/]sf] 5 . k|ltlqmofjfbL
/fHo;Qfsf lxdfotLx¿ cfÎg} cv8fdf c;'/lIft /x]sf] dx;'; u/L cft+lst eO/x]sf 5g\ .
kmf}hL sfjf{xLx¿sf] pk/f]Qm ;kmntfn] ljb|f]xsf] cfwf/ tof/ kfg]{ sfddf dxTjk"0f{
pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf] 5 .
ljleGg b]zsf sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf aLrdf
gof" Pstfsf] k|lqmof z'? ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ s]Gb|sf tkm{af6 ePsf]
7f]; kxnsf sf/0f sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / qmlGtsf/Lx¿;"u xfd|f] ;DaGw ;'b[9 /
lj:tfl/t x'“b} uPsf] 5 . kf6L{ x]8Sjf6{/sf] pRr:t/sf] /fhgLlts x:tIf]k /
kl/rfngsf] kl/0ffd:j?k cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;"u ljleGg :t/sf] cGtlj{/f]w
/fVg] k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx¿;"u ;d]t s'6g}lts ;DaGw lj:tfl/t eO/x]sf]
5 . RIM,
CCOMPOSA nufotsf cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6
qmflGtsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] /fhgLlts kxnsbdLdf a[l4 ePsf] 5 . o;/L ;du|
kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ s] b]lvG5 eg] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ;Gbe{df cGt/f{li6«o
kl/l:ylt cg's"n aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . xfn} sf7df8f}+, kf]v/f nufotsf
zx/x¿df kf]lvPsf] cfqmf]zn] hgtf k'/fgf] l:yltdf /xg g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf]
k'li6 ePsf] 5 . k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;s u'6sf aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]w ;lqmo ?kdf
pTsif{df k'u]sf] 5 . b'Zdgsf ;]gfdf ljb|f]xsf] qmd z'? x'g yfn]sf]
5 . cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt cg's"n aGb} uO/x]sf] s'/f dfly g} pNn]v
eO;s]sf] 5 . o;n] s] k|dfl0ft ub{5 eg] j:t'ut ?kdf ljb|f]xsf] dha't cfwf/
tof/ x'"b} uPsf] 5 . ca k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/LnfO{ tLa| kfg'{kg]{
ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf k}bf ePsf] 5 . pk/f]Qm j:t'ut kl/l:yltnfO{ ulx/f] u/L
cfTd;ft\ ub}{ cfTdut l:yltnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg{ ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ kª\lQm c´
b[9tfk"j{s nfUg' h?/L 5 . ljZjJofkL /fhgLlts kl/rfngn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«
;+3 nufot cGt/f{li6«o zlQm s]Gb|x¿;“u s'6g}lts ;DaGw lj:tf/ eP/ h'g /fhg}lts
pknlAw xfl;n ePsf] 5, To;sf] /Iff / ljsf;sf] lgldQ u'0ffTds kmf}hL sfjf{xLsf]
lgtfGt h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] o; ljlzi6 l:yltdf sfjf{xLsf ljBdfg
?kx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} s]lGb|t 7"nf sf/jfxLsf] tof/Ldf tLa|tf
lbg'kb{5 . kl/0ffdd'vL s]lGb|t / 7"nf sfjf{xLsf] ;kmntfn] dfq}
/fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltnfO{ c´ cg's"n agfp“b} ljb|f]xsf] tof/Ldf
u'0ffTds e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg]5 . dxfg\ dfS;{n] eg]´}+ qmflGtsf] cj;/
r'sfpg] 5'6 s'g} klg qmflGtsf/Lx¿nfO{ x'“b}g . To;}n] kf6L{, kf6L{ g]t[Tj
/ of]hgfk|lt ljZj:t x'“b} o'4df]rf{df lagf lxlRsrfx6 xfdkmfNg' cfhsf]
kl/l:yltn] dfu u/]sf] qmflGtsf/L l:kl/6 xf] .
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ljhodf k'¥ofpg] dxfg\ uf}/jk"0f{ / o'ufGtsf/L cj;/ k|fKt x'g nfu]sf]
5 . oxL uf}/jk"0f{ l:yltnfO{ qmflGtsf/L b[9tfsf ;fy cfTd;ft\ u/f}+ /
kf6L{, ;]gf, hj;, df]rf{ ;Dk"0f{ zlQmnfO{ PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t u/L
;Dk"0f{ tfutsf ;fy b'Zdgsf] lsNnfdfly wfjf af]nf}+ . /0fgf}lts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf k|j]z ubF{ hxf“ / hlxn];'s} cToGt si6;fWo / r'gf}ltk"0f{
x'G5 . d"ntM ;f] kl/l:ylt dxfg\ / uf}/jk"0f{ ;Defjgfn]
el/k"0f{ x'G5 . k'/fgf]sf] Wj+z / gof“sf] lgdf{0f oxL eLif0ftfsf]
aLraf6 x'g] u/]sf] qmflGtsf/L Oltxf; 5 . hlt;'s} si6;fWo, kL8fbfoL /
r'gf}ltk"0f{ eP klg d'Vo ?kdf uf}/jk"0f{ / dxfg\ g} x'G5 . oxL
qmflGtsf/L ljZjf;sf ;fy cufl8 a9f}+ . cufl8 cfpg] h'g;'s} r'gf}ltsf]
;fdgf ul/g]5, ljhosf] ´08f kmx/fOg]5 . ;dfKt
ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08sf] cj:yf
ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08 jf:tjd} ljz]if lsl;dsf]
5 . oxf“ yf]/} eP klg t/fO{sf ;dyn e"–efusf] cltl/Qm lxdfnsf] km]bsf
kxf8L e"–efu / b'Zdgsf] s]Gb|Lo /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ;d]t ;d]l6Psf]
5 . of] sdf08 ?kdf 5'§} / ljlzi6 b]lvP h:t} ;f/ Pjd\ ljz]iftfdf klg
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l;+uf] e"–efu / dw]z :jfoQ If]qsf s]xL lhNnfx? klg /x]sf 5g\ . h'g
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hftLo Pjd\ sljnfO{ /fHox?nfO{ cltqmd0f / x:tIf]k ubf{sf] cj:yfdf klg oxf“sf
hghfltx?n] ;f]em} / ;lhn} cfTd;dk{0f u/]gg\ a? clGtd cj:yf;Dd klg k|lt/f]w /
ljb|f]x ul//x] . Tof] k|lt/f]wnfO{ 7"nf] d"No r'sfP/ dfq} c?
cltqmldt e"–efux?df ufEg ;s]sf] lyof] . Toltv]/} ljb|f]x / axfb'/Lsf]
k|tLs alg;s]sf tfdf¨ Pjd\ g]jf/x?nfO{ slyt u“jf/ / sfo/sf] ;+1f lbP/ nfdf]
;do;Dd ckdfg / 3[0ffo'Qm Jojxf/ u/]/ lghfdlt Pjd\ h¨L ;]jfaf6 al~rt eP/ /xg'
k¥of] . d'VotM tfdfªx?nfO{ k|lt/f]wk"0f{ 9+uaf6 /fhsLo ;Qfsf]
;Dk"0f{ cj;/af6 al~rt u/fP/ /fVof] .
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] u|fdL0f Onfsf, To; cf;kf;sf
tfdfªx?sf] a:tL / t/fO{sf lhNnfx?df cfhsf] @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] z'?df klg clzIff,
ul/aL, a]/f]huf/, hftLo tyf ln¨Lo ;d:ofx? clt rsf{] ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
r]nLa]6L a]rlavg h:tf] clt lglxt / 3[l0ft sfo{sf] s]Gb| klg oxL If]q ag]sf]
5 . tL hfltx?sf efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] klg sltko kIfx? nf]k eO;s]sf 5g\ .
o; sdf08leq cNk;+Vos ?kdf /x]sf dfemL, s'dfn, bg'jf/, k|hf, a/fd', du/ /
u'?ªx?sf] cfkm\gf hftLo df}lns klxrfgx? ;Dk"0f{ ?kd} nf]k eO;s]sf
5g\ . /, tL ;a} hfltsf dlnnf / pAhfpo'Qm e"ldx? ;fdGt–a|fDx0fjfbL
;Qfsf gfOs] /fhkl/jf/, p;sf cf;]kf;] / zfx Pjd\ /f0ffx?sf] xftdf s]lGb|t
eO;s]sf 5g\ .
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] s]Gb|Lo /fhwfgL
ePs} sf/0f p;sf] /Iff / P]z–cf/fdsf] nflu b]zs} ;Dk"0f{ >f]t /
;DklQnfO{ s]lGb|t u/]sf] 5 . oftfoft, Jofkf/, pBf]u Pjd\ z}lIfs k|lti7fgx?
ToxL+ ;+s]lGb|t /x]sf 5g\ . /fHo;Qfsf s]lGb|t c+ux? / ljb]zL s'6gLlts
lgof]ux? klg ToxL ;+s]lGb|t ePsf 5g\ . o;/L of] sdf08df ljsf; / ;fwg ;|f]t
ljt/0fsf] lx;fan] klg cfsfz / wtL{ ;dfgsf] c;dfgtf /x]sf] 5 . log} cfwf/ /
k[i7e"lddf /x]sf ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08sf] e"ldsf klg s]xL leGg
lsl;dsf] /xg' :jfefljs xf] .
cfh g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf z'? ePsf]
dxfg\ hgo'4 * jif{ gk'Ub} /Iff–;Gt'ngsf /0fgLlts r/0fx? kf/ u/L /0fgLlts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf] r/0fdf cfOk'u]sf] 5 . /0fgLlts ;Gt'ng /
k|Tofqmd0fsf] z'?sf] r/0f cfkm}df ;+qmd0fsfnLg klg ePsf]n] o; cj:yfdf kf6L{sf]
d"n /0fgLlt d'Vo b'ZdgnfO{ PSNofpg], p;sf] lsQf ;f“3'/f] agfO{
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] lsQf km/flsnf] agfpg], p;sf] lsQfdf lj36gsf] k|lqmofnfO{ tLa|
t'Nofpg] / To;sf] nflu dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyn] ljsf; u/]sf] @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf]
hgjfbsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k ljZj ;fd|fHojfb, d'VotM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / /fhf
jL/]Gb|sf] a+z gfz u/L v8f ul/Psf] kmf;LjfbL /fhtGqlj/f]wL b]zeQm, hgjfbL,
k|ultzLn hflt–hghflt, ju{ ;d'bfo / If]qsf ;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t Pjd\ Gofo,
;dfgtf / d'lQmsf kIfkftL ;Dk"0f{ zlQmx?nfO{ Pslqt / ;+ul7t t'NofO{ clGtd
ljb|f]xsf] nflu cfwf/ tof/ ug{' xf] .
ljutsf /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o ju{;+3if{sf] lzIff,
l;¨f] g]kfnL hgo'4sf] cg'ejsf] cfwf/df k|r08kyn] ljsf; u/]sf] gof“ kmf}hL
/0fgLlt cg'?k clxn] ljutdf em}+ s]lGb|t / wSsfd"ns sfjf{xLsf] abnf cfd
?kd} s]Gb|Ls[t sdf08 / of]hgfdf ljs]lGb|t sfjf{xLnfO{ tLa| / Jofks agfpg]
/x]sf] 5 . h; cg'?k Raid, Mini Raid, Ambush / Commando sfjf{xLx? b]z}el/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] o'4sf
;a} ?kx?sf] k|of]u Pjd\ ;dfof]hg u/L hgd'lQm ;]gfsf gof“–k'/fgf ;a} sdf08 /
;]gfx?nfO{ k|ToIf o'4åf/f o'4snf / Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{], s]lGb|t /
wSsfk"0f{ sfjf{xLx?df cEo:t ePsf / To;cg'?k tof/ u/]sf b'Zdgsf gof“ kmf}hL
/0fgLltx?sf] qm; u/L p;nfO{ Aof/]sd} s}b ug{] jf Aof/]s aflx/ NofP/ Ift–ljIft
t'NofO{ lj36g / ljb|f]xsf] l:ylt tof/ ug{], ljb|f]x u/L cfPsf ;]gfx?nfO{
;Ddfgk"j{s :yflkt ug'{{sf cltl/Qm pm / p;sf] kl/jf/sf] eljiosf] ;'lglZrttf
k|bfg ug{], k|ToIf d'7e]8df pqg] b'Zdgsf ;]gfnfO{ o'4 df]rf{d} gi6, ljgi6
t'NofO{ kmf}hL sfjf{xLx?sf] dfqf a9fpg] / u'0fdf abNg] sfo{df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf k"/f ug{]5 . of] s]Gb|Ls[t sdf08 / ljs]lGb|t sfjf{xLsf]
gLlt Pjd\ of]hgfn] hgd'lQm ;]gf / hgtfaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg, hgtf;“u
;xsfo{ a9fpg Pjd\ cfly{s ef/ sd u/L cfTdlge{/ agfpg, a9LeGbf a9L hgtfnfO{
;+ul7t t'NofO{ k|lt/f]w cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL u/fpg] cj:yf klg ;[hgf ug{ ;S5 .
ljs]lGb|t / ljljw ?ksf kmf}hL sfjf{xLx?n] hgtfnfO{ ef}lts / dfgl;s ?kd} ;z:q
t'NofO{ :yfgLo hg;Qfsf] /Iff tyf To;sf] sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ yk ;xof]u
ldNg]5 . o;/L qmdzM ;8s / zx/sf] sfddf klg a9f]Q/L x'“b} s]Gb|Lo /fhgLlts
x:tIf]ksf] sfo{nfO{ lg0ff{os ljGb'lt/ cl3 a9fpg Pjd\ clGtd wSsf / pRr
s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] kmf}hL sfjf{xLsf] of]hgfåf/f zfxL cd]l/sL kmf;LjfbL ;]gfsf] andf
l6s]sf] ;fdGtL–a|fDx0fjfbL ;QfnfO{ k"0f{ ?kn] Wj+z t'NofO{ gof“ hgjfbL
u0ftGq g]kfnsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ ;lsg] lglZrt 5 . oxL /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlts
of]hgf d'tfljs g} ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08n] klg kmf}hL tyf u}/kmf}hL of]hgfx? nfu"
ul//x]sf] 5 . /, ut rf/ dlxgfsf] cjlwdf eP ul/Psf sfd–sfjf{xL 5f]6f] ?kdf
lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
ut kl5Nnf] o'4–lj/fd / jftf{ e¨ ePkl5 ljz]if
s]Gb|Lo sdf08d} pkTosf Ao"/f]n] s0f{]n ls/0f a:g]t, /jLGb| s]=;L,
k"j{dGqL b]j]Gb| s“8]n nufotsfnfO{ sdf08f] sfjf{xL u/]/ ltn:dL dfq b]vfPg,
Tof] l:yltdf l;+uf] sdf08nfO{ g} kmf}hL sfjf{xLx?sf] g]t[Tj klg
u¥of] . To;sf] ;“u} pkTosfaflx/ klg yk sfjf{xLx? a9fpg ;s]sf] eP To;n]
k"j{–klZrd sdf08 hf]8\g], pkTosf leq / aflx/ tfnd]n ldnfpg] Pjd\ ;du|
of]hgf hf]8\g] / Psn] csf{]nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] h:tf ax'cfoflds dxTj
klg /xg] lyof], To;f] x'g ;s]g. sof}+ kmf}hL of]hgfx? xfd|f] rfxgfn] dfq k"/f
x'g ;Sb}g / b'Zdgsf] ult / lqmofsnfkdf klg e/ kb{5 . b'Zdg kIfsf]
hgbdg;DaGwL lqmofsnfkdf lta|tf cfpg] ljlQs} ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08el/ g} PDa'; /
sdf08f] sfjf{xLx?n] lg/Gt/tf lnO/x\of] . wflbªsf] uh'/L, ls/fgrf]s,
ljzfn6f/, gLns07sf] Hofld/], s]jnk'/, dsjfgk'/sf] l6:6'ª, bfdgrf]s,
l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] l;Gw'sf]6, af“;af/L, dxf+sfn, :ofpn], km'NkL8f"8f,
tftf]kfgL, an]kmL, sfe|]sf] zf/bf aQf;], g'jfsf]6–sf7df8f}+ k|j]z dfu{
u'h{]e~ofª -hxf“ !@ hgf zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gf xtfxt ePsf] / ! yfg leS6/–^ -victor six_ :jrflnt /fOkmn sAhf ePsf] 5 .
;"o{dltk§fjf/L, ;'Gb/fb]jL afx|aL;], tf?sf nufotsf #) cf}+ PDa';sf]
lg/Gt/tfkl5 sflt{s @( ut] dsjfgk'/sf] e}+;]–x]6f}+8f ;8sv08sf] tfGb|fªdf
la|u]l8o/ hg/n ;fu/axfb'/ kf08];lxt !& zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfx? xtfxt x'“bfsf]
l:ylt;Dd cfOk'Ubf tL ;a} PDa';x?df s"n ^) hgf eGbf a9L PDa';d} /
g'jfsf]6sf] b'Olkkn /ftfdf6], Jofgl;¨, l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] dxf+sfn, dsjfgk'/sf]
dgxl/ ahf/ / x]6f}+8f a;kfs{df @ yfg #)# /fOkmn sAhfsf] sdf08f] sfjf{xL;Dd !)
cf+} hgf u/L pkTosf cf;kf;sf] kxf8L If]qdf dfq &) hgf eGbf a9L b'Zdgsf]
;]gf–k|x/L xtfxt ePsf / ;of}+ hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . uh'/Laf6 z'? ePsf]
PDa';n] tfGb|fªdf ;fu/axfb'/ kf08];Dd cfOk'Ubf Toxf“sf] ;fk]Iftfdf u'0ffTds
lbzflt/ pGd'v ePsf] dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 .
t/fO{sf] ;dyn e"–efud} klg k;f{sf] jL/u~h,
lgd{nj:tL, af/fdf Ps} k6s % hgf, !^ hgf / !* hgf;Dd b'Zdgsf] ;]gfnfO{
w'nf]lk7f] x'g] u/L PDa'; ljikmf]6 ePsf 5g\ . $ dlxgfsf] 5f]6f] cjlwd}
k;f{ / af/fdf dfq &) hgf eGbf a9L zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfx? gi6 ePsf 5g\ / %)
cf}+ 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . sdf08f] sfjf{xL u/]/ k;f{af6 # yfg #)# /fOkmn /
af/faf6 ! yfg SMG sAhfdf cfPsf 5g\ . oL 36gfx?n] b'ZdgnfO{ xfon–sfon dfq
kf/]sf] 5}g t/fO{sf] ljz]iftfdf tL sfjf{xL P]ltxfl;s ;fljt x'g]5g\ .
o;/L pkTosf, To; cf;kf;sf kxf8L lhNnfx? t/fO{sf
af/f–k;f{df u/L PDa'; / sdf08f] sfjf{xLx?df !%) hgf eGbf a9L b'Zdgsf] ;}Go zlQm
xtfxtL / ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . To;afx]s hgxTofdf ;+nUg
ck/fwLx? #) cf}+ hgfnfO{ sfjf{xL ul/Psf] 5 . y'k|} ;]jf]6]hsf sfjf{xLx?
ePsf 5g\ . af/f–k;f{ nufot cGo kxf8L lhNnfx?df klg ;fdGtx?sf] hdLg / afnL
sAhf nufotsf sfjf{xLx? ePsf 5g\ . k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{df t:s/ Pjd\ sfnf
ahfl/ofx?sf] dfn uf8L sAhfdf lnO{ xhf/f}+ hgtfnfO{ !) cf}+ nfvsf] t]n Pjd\
vfBfGg ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . hg;]jf / hg;xsfo{d"ns cleofgx?, sdf08b]lv
lhNnf / Onfsf:t/;Dd xTof / cft+slj?4 aGbsf sfo{qmdx?, :yfgLo cGtlj{/f]w ;dfwfg
Pjd\ hg;Qf lgdf{0f / To;;“u ;DalGwt sfo{x? / :yfgLo:t/sf hg;Qf Pjd\ k|rf/ /
e08fkmf]/sf cGo sfo{qmdx? klg cfkm\gf] ult / lg/Gt/df eO/x]s} 5g\ .
b'Zdgsf] Iflt / xfd|f] pknlAwsf] kf6f]nfO{ gfKbf
ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08 cfkm\gf] lg/Gt/ ultdf 5 / cfwf/e"t ?kdf ;kmn 5 .
dflyaf6 lgb{]lzt / ;Dk|]lift gLlt / of]hgf ;xL 5g\ / ;xL 9+uaf6 g} lqmofGjog
eO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . d"ntM dfn]dfjfb / k|r08sf]
j}1flgstf k'li6 ePsf 5g\ . / k|r08kyn] clVtof/ u/]sf] kmf}hL sfo{lbzf
Jojxf/d} nfu" ePsf 5g\ . ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08sf] egf}+ jf kf6L{s}
egf}+ s]xL sdL / ;d:ofx? klg /x]sf 5g\ . d'Vo u/L pkTosfdf / ;fdfGotM
sdf08el/ g} kf6L{ / hgtfsf] Ifltsf] lg/Gt/tf cem klg sfod 5 . pkTosfleq
aflx/sf] of]hgfdf tfnd]n ldnfpg]df ;xhtf cfpg' kg{] hlt cfPsf] 5}g .
;+VofTds / ljs]lGb|t ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf sfjf{xLx?sf] oyfy{k/s 9+un] ;fj{hlgs ug{
;d:of kl//x]sf] 5 / s]Gb|Ls[t / u'0ffTds xfl;n ug{] kmf}hL of]hgfx? nfu"
ug{ cem s;/t ug{'kg{] ;d:of klg 5g\ . t/ tL ;d:ofx? ;Rofpg} g;Sg] / ;DkGg
ug{} g;Sg] l:yltsf 5}gg\ . ltgnfO{ dflyNnf] txsf g]t[Tjb]lv tNnf] :t/sf
sfo{stf{x?aLr pko'Qm / ;Dej eP;Dd cfk;L 5nkmn cGtlqm{of rnfp“b} j}rfl/s / /fhgLlts
?kn] a'emfOdf Ps?ktf sfod ug{ ;Sof}+ eg] ;Rofpg / kf6L{n] ck]Iff u/]cg'?ksf]
e"ldsf k"/f ug{ ;kmn x'g]5 . sfo{df sl7g x'g;S5, ;kmntf cjZo}
ldNg]5 .
dw]zL ;d:of / ;dfwfg M Ps rrf{
g]kfn ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax';f“:s[lts, ax'wfld{s
nufot ef}uf]lns ljljwtfn] el/k“0f{ cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'n's xf] .
dxfef/t kj{t >[+vnfb]lv blIf0ftkm{ / dxfgbL u+ufb]lv pQ/tkm{ cjl:yt d}bfgL
e“–efu g} dw]z xf] dxfef/t kj{t>[+vnf / u+ufsf] dWo efudf l:yt b]z ePsf]
sf/0fn] o; u+ufsf] d}bfgL e"–efunfO{ dWob]z klg elgGYof] . jt{dfg;Dd
cfOk'Ubf …dWob]zÚ zAbsf] cke|+z zAbsf] ?kdf dw]zsf] pTklQ ePsf] x'g'
kb{5 . dw]z ef}uf]lns lx;fan] ;aeGbf ;'ud, ;dy/ / ;DkGg e"–efu
xf] . efiff, ;+:s[lt / ;Eotfsf] b[li6af6 ;d[4 / ;DkGg dw]zsf] s]xL
e"–efu dfq xfn g]kfndf uflePsf] 5 / dw]zsf af“sL ;a} e"–efu ef/tdf
uflePsf] 5 . k|fuP]ltxfl;s sfnb]lv dfgj hfltn] a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf] / c;+Vo
cfk|jf;L wf/x?sf ;+udynf]sf] ?kdf /x]sf] dw]zdf sltko P]ltxfl;s lj/f;tx? clxn]
klg ljBdfg 5 . ef/tLo l;dfgfb]lv pQ/ / g]kfnsf] dxfef/t kj{t>[+vnfsf]
blIf0ftkm{sf] nDafOdf a9L / rf}8fOdf sd df]6fdf]6L cfoftsf/ ;dynLo e“–efunfO{
dfq dw]z elgG5 . g]kfnsf] pbok'/, l;Gw'nL, lrtjg, dsjfgk'/ / bf¨ lhNnfsf]
;dtnLo e"–efunfO{ leqL dw]z / emfkf, df]/¨, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/fxf, wg'iff,
dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL, /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{, gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL, slkna:t', af“s],
alb{of, s}nfnL, s~rgk'/ u/L hDdf !* j6f lhNnfx? dw]zdf kb{5g\ . tL
lhNnfx?df a:b} cfPsf cflbjf;Lx?nfO{ dw]zL elgG5 . dw]zsf dw]zLx?sf]
hLjgz}nL, efiff, ;+:s[lt, cfly{s pTkfbg / pTkfbg;DaGw cflb kxf8Lx?sf] eGbf leGg
/x]sf 5g\ . dw]zdf clbjf;L dw]zLsf] ;fy} kxf8L e“efu / ef/taf6 cfPsf
dflg;x? a;f]af; ub{5g\ . b]zsf] s“n hg;+Vofsf] %) k|ltzt eGbf a9L dw]zdf
g} kb{5 .
lxGb' ljlwzf:q ;~rflnt dw]zL ;dfhdf j0ff{>d
Joj:yfn] ljleGg hft–hfltx?nfO{ rf/ j0f{df ljeflht ul/lbPsf] 5 . h'g
o;k|sf/ 5– a|fDx0f -afx'g_, If]qLo -If]qL_ a}Zo / z“b| . o;sf ;fy} O:nfd,
af}4, h}g, lqmlZrog, lzv / slj/k+yL cflb wd{ ;Dk|bfo tyf ljleGg hft hfltx?
5g\ . a|fDx0f j0f{df kg]{ afx'gx? ljleGg y/ emf, ld>, ltjf/L, kf08],
7fs'/, pkfWofo, b'j], kf7s / cf]emf x'g\ . To:t} If]qLo ju{df klg ljleGg
y/ h:t} /fhk't, /f7f}/, l;+x, /f0ff, e'ld4f/, d]xtf, rf}xfg, ;Gof;L cflb
x'g\ . j0f{ljeflht a}Zo j0f{df t]nL, ;'7L, snjf/, s'dL{, adf{, xhfd,
nf]xf/, yf?, sf]O/L, abxL, wg'if, /fhwf]jL, bg'jf/, rfO{, e8Lx/, s'Dxf/, k6x]/L,
;tf/, gfu/, rgfpm, sxf/ / lgiffb -dxfn, jLg, g'lgof“_ x'g\ . To:t}
z"b| blnt j0f{df kg]{ hftx? rdf/, b'iffb, d';x/, 8f]d, xnvf]/, wf]aL,
tDdf, sfoLy, sxf/, t'/fxf / yjO{ cflb hfltx? x'g\ . To:t} z]v, k}bfg,
r'l/x/, bhL{, hf]nfxf, w'lgof“, lj;fwL / g6 hfltsf dflg;x? d'l:nd wfld{s
;Dk|bfosf dw]zLx? klg dw]zdf a;f]af; ub{5g\ . o; hfltx?sf klg ljleGg
s'/Lx? -s'8L_ cyf{t\ pky/L hfltx? x'G5g\ . oxf“ a}Zo j0f{sf hfltx? aLrdf
5'jf5“tsf] k|rng /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . To:t} z“b| hfltx? cfkm}aLrdf lgs[i6
bhf{sf] 5'jf5"tsf] k/Dk/f ljBdfg 5g\ . afx'gx?df ljx]jf/L x'“bf s]6f
/ s]6L kIfsf] kl/jf/sf] y/ ldNg' x'“b}g eGg] k|rng b]lvG5 . afx'g / If]qLo
j0f{sf hfltx?sf] ljwjfsf] k'gM ljjfx gug]{ k/Dk/f 5 . dw]zL ;d'bfosf]
;dfhdf ;aeGbf a9L pTkL8gsf] lzsf/ blnt hfltsf k'?if / dlxnf 5g\ . cGo
hfltsf dlxnfx? klg ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts, ;f“:s[lts pTkL8gsf sf/0f pgLx?sf] cj:yf
bogLo /x]sf] 5 .
efiffsf] lx;fan] d'Vo oxf“ d}ynL, ef]hk'/L / cjlw
efiff af]Ng] ;d'bfosf] afx'No 5 eg] cGo yf?, /fhj+zL, j+ufnL, pb“{, lxGb“ efiff
efifL ;d'bfo klg /x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L tYofÍn] g]kfnsf] s“n hg;+Vofsf] ##
k|ltzt hg;+Vof dw]zL ;d'bfo /x]sf 5g\ . t/ dw]zdf a;f]jf; ug]{ ;a}
hfltx?sf] hg;+Vof g]kfnsf] hg;+Vofsf] %) k|ltzt x'g\ eg] dw]zL hg;+Vof g]kfnsf]
hg;+Vofsf] $) k|ltzt x'g ;S5 . k|fs[lts ;fwg ;|f]t, pj{/fe“dL pBf]uwGwf
tyf k|z:t >dzlQmn] ;DkGg ljzfn dw]z / olt 7“nf] hg;+Vof ePsf] dw]zLx? d'¶Le/
v; kxfl8of ;fdGtL zf]ifsåf/f xfg'{ eg]sf] s] sf/0f x'g ;S5 < lsg olt ljzfn
dw]zsf] clwsf+z e“–efu lghL{j j:t'em}+ ef/tdf ufleg k'u]/ cfh;Dd ;fDk|bflos /fHo;Qfsf]
lgs[i6 cdfgjLo 3f]/ pTkL8gaf6 kf/ kfpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm vf]Hg'
/ ;dfhsf] o'ufGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] lglDt klg dw]z / dw]zLsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e“ld
a'em\g cfjZos b]lvG5 .
;dfh ljsf;sf qmddf lxGb“ wd{sf] hGd / k|rngaf6
k|efljt x'“b} dw]zL ;dfh lxGb“ j0ff{>d, wfld{s Joj:yfaf6 ;~rflnt
b]lvG5 . j0f{ Joj:yfn] NofPsf] a|fDx0f, If]qL, a}Zo / z“b| -blnt_ nfO{ klg
kl5Nnf] r/0fdf sfdsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ cg]sf}+ hft -cast_ pkhft -sub–cast_ df
ljefhg ul/lbPsf]n] vf;u/L a}Zo / blnt hflt a9L km“6 / ljefhgsf] lzsf/ ePsf] t/
afx'g / If]qL 7f];df tf]lsPsf] eP klg /fHo;Qf ;~rfng;DaGwL d'Vo lhDd]jf/L ;Lldt
IF]qL hfltnfO{ eP/ g} ;dfhsf ax';+Vos hgtf -a}Zo / z“b|_ ;Qf;DaGwL sfdaf6 cnu
x“'b] /xb} cfPsf] cyf{t\ ;Qf;DaGwL ;/f]sf/ / dtnasf] ljifo IF]qL hfltsf] dfq
lyof] . To;df klg cfk;L n8fO“ / emu8fsf] tLa| k|lqmofaf6 cl3 a9]sf] dw]zL
;d'bfo ljh]tf jL/ /fhfsf] g]t[Tjdf slxn] Pp6f /fHodf s]lGb|t x'g] t slxn]
/fhf–/fhfaLrsf] o'4sf] sf/0f jf zlQmzfnL ljh]tf /fhfsf] d[To'kZrft\ cfkm}
6'qmf–6'qmf eO{ cg]sf}+ /fHodf ljeflht x'“b} cfPsf] sf/0f dw]zL ;Qf cl:y/tfn]
ubf{ ;fdGtjfbsf] Pslgi7 ljsf; x'g ;s]g .
csf]{ s'/f lxGb" wd{ u|Gyfg';f/ /fhfdf
;j{>]i7 /fhfnfO{ dxf/fhf / ;Dk“0f{ /fhfsf /fhfnfO{ rqmjtL{ /fhf /xg]
k|lqmofn] s] a'lemG5 eg] rqmjtL{ /fhfsf] cwLg:y /x]sf /fhfx? cfºgf] :jfdLk|lt
pQ/bfoL /x“b} cyf{t\ elQmefj b]vfO{ ljnfl;tfdf a9L Jo:t /x]sf sf/0f Psftkm{
;dfhsf k|rlnt efiff;“:s[lt ;d]tsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; x'g ;s]g csf]{tkm{ ljnfl;tfdf
cEo:t r]tgf:t/ ;Lldt x]/fOdf hsl8g k'uL klZrdL ef/tsf] cfo{ lxGb“x?nfO{ nv]6\b}
cfPsf d'l:nd zf;sx?nfO{ 6]j; -s/_ lbg tof/ eP/ g} rqmjtL{ s]Gb|Lo ;fdGtL ;Qfsf]
;+s6u|:t / ljsf; ca?4 eP . o;/L dw]zL zf;sx?sf] cfk;L cGt/snxn] ubf{
r]tgf:t/sf] pRr ljsf; x'g g;Sg' / /fHo;Qfsf] ;}Go zlQm klg l5GgleGg / sdhf]/
x'“b} uPsf] cj:yfdf pRr k|fljlws 1fg / ;+ul7t ;}Go zlQm;lxt cfPsf v; cfo{
lxGb"x?;“u n8fO“df k/flht x'g' :jfefljs b]lvG5 . lsgls ef/tsf]
klZrdaf6 d'l:nd;“usf] n8fO“ xf/L efu]/ kxf8 k;]sf cfo{lxGb"x?
j0ff{>dnfO{ tf]8\b} a}ZonfO{ klg If]qLsf bhf{df /fvL ;}Go zlQm a9fO{ kxf8L
hghfltx?sf] /fHo sAhf ub}{ pRr 1fg xfl;n ul/;s]sf] lyof] . pQ/ ef/tdf
a[l6; pklgj]zjfb;“u d'l:nd zf;sju{ k/flht x'“b} sdhf]/ eO/x]sf] j:t'ut /
w/ftndf uf]/vfsf /fhf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] g]t[Tjdf dw]zLdflysf] sAhfn] p;sf]
o'4sf] nflu cfly{s ;|f]t dfq ag]g, clkt' dw]zL ;d'bfosf] /ut / kl;gf au]sf]
pj{/fe"ld hflu/], v'jf, ljtf{ alS;; cflbsf] ?kdf ;]gf efbf{/ / /fHo
kl/jf/sf :jfldTjdf s]lGb|t x'“b} dw]zL ;d'bfodflysf] /0fg}lts, eflifs /
;f“:s[lts pTkL8g tLa| aGb} uof] . o;/L of] v; lxGb“ kxfl8of pRr hfltsf]
pklga]zsf] ?kdf af“Rg jfWo eP kl5 dw]zsf s]xL zfifsx? bnfnL, cfTd;dk{0f /
u2f/Lsf] Oltxf; z'? u/] tfklg cfd zf]lift, kLl8t dw]zL hg;d'bfo pTkL8s hfltsf]
zf]if0fd'vL / hglj/f]wL /fHo;Qf cyf{t g]kfnsf] slyt Plss/0fnfO{ c:jLsf/ ub}{
;+3if{/t /x] ;fy} To:tfsf cGo y'k|} hghfltx? ;Dk|bflos /fHo;QfnfO{ c:jLsf/ ub}{
/x]sf sf/0f g} zfifsju{n] g]kfnnfO{ æb'O{ 9'¨f aLrsf] t?nÆ atfP . hgtfnfO{
e|ldt / zf:t kfg{ vf]h] t/ pTkL8s hflt -tufwf/L_ / hghflt -dtjfnL_
cyf{t\ gfsr'Rr] gfslyKr]aLrsf] tLa| cGtlj{/f]w Psftkm{ / csf]{tkm{ ljb|f]xL
dw]zLx?;“usf] pRr cGtlj{/f]w emg\ a9\b} uO/x]sf] lyof] . / zf;sju{
…km'6fpm / /fh u/Ú sf] s'l6n gLlt ckgfp“b} dw]zL / kxf8Lsf] ;Dk|bflos gf/f
km}nfP . kxf8Lsf gfp“df tufwf/L. dtjfnL aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]w ;fDo kfg]{ /
dw]zLsf] cGo pTkLl8t hghflt;“u cGt/;DaGwsf] af6f] ca?4 agfP / zf;sn] cfTd/IFfy{
cfdkxf8L hg;d'bfodf dw]z / dw]zL;DaGwL lgs[i6 bhf{sf] unt e|fds k|rf/sf] z'?jft
u/] . hals dw]zL zAb ;Dk|bflos zf;sju{n] x]Kg] / e|d km}nfpg k|of]u ug]{
t/ g]kfnsf] Oltxf; n]Vbf dw]z / dw]zL zAbsf] rrf{;Dd gug]{ . o;af6 :ki6
x'G5 ls zf;sju{ ljb|f]xL dw]zLaf6 8/fP/ slt cft+lst x'“b} cfPsf] 5 .
;g\ !*!^ sf] Oi6Ol08of sDkgL;“u g]kfnsf] ;'uf}nL
;lGwkl5 dw]zsf] 7“nf] e“'–efu a[l6z–ef/tsf] sAhfdf dfq k/]g . g]kfn
cw{pklgj]lzs aGof] / dw]zL ;d'bfon] a[l6z ;fd|fHojfbsf] csf]{ pTkL8g ef]Ug'k¥of] .
!*%& df h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffn] ef/tLo l;kfxL ljb|f]x bafpg a[l6z–ef/tnfO{ u'0f
nufP jfkt klZrdL dw]zsf] gof“ d'n's g]kfnn] t kfof] t/ /f0ffsfn z'? x''g]ljlQs}
dw]zLx?dfly 8/nfUbf] pTkL8gsf] csf]{ cWofo z'? eof] . o; cjlwdf /f0ff
kl/jf/, u'? k'/f]lxt, efOef/bf/, wfld{s ;+Vof cflbsf] ?kdf xhf/f}+ la3f hldg
dw]zLx?af6 vf];]/ ljt/0f efu nufOof] . /, dw]zdf hldGbf/L k|yf r/d cj:yfdf
k'Uof] . /f0ff kl/jf/sf] rsf]{ s/, s't, ef/f, a]7a]uf/L k|yf, ;fx'
dxfhgx?sf] zf]if0f, C0fef/ cflbsf] sf/0f dw]zL ls;fgx?sf] xfnt emg\ bogLo aGb}
ljzfn ;+Vofdf pgLx? e“ldxLg x?jf, r?jf s[lifdhb'/ / sd}ofdf kl/0ft x'“b}
uP . csf]{lt/ ef/tdf /]n nfOg ljR5\ofpg dw]zsf h+unx? km8fgL u/] .
a[l6z ef/tsf nflu sRrf kbfy{x?;lxt vfBfGg lgof{t ug]{ ynf] aGof] .
@))& ;fnkl5 sf]zL / u08sL ;Demf}tf u/L cfºgf] wtL{af6 aUg] ljzfn gbLx?sf]
;b'kof]u ug]{ clwsf/af6 klg dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ jl~rt t'NofOlbof] . k~rfotL
zf;gsfndf klg dw]zL hg;d'bfonfO{ k5fl8 kfg]{ Wo]on] g} Toqf] hg3gTj ePsf]
e"–efunfO{ 5f]8L ;'g;fg e"–efu cyf{t\ h+un km8fgL u/L lgdf{0f
ul/of] . To; cjlwdf s[lif pBf]u, Aofkf/ oftfoftsf] If]qdf dw]z l;+uf]
g]kfnsf] cy{tGq d]?b08 t aGof] t/ cg'kflts ?kdf dw]zL ;d'bfosf] lxtdf s'g} klg
k|ult ePg . ;]gf, k|x/L;lxt ;/sf/L ;]jfsf ;a} IF]qdf dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ :yfg
lbOPg . k|ltjif{ a9\b} uPsf] cfGtl/s afx\o a;fO“ ;/fO{sf] sf/0f oxf“ hLjg
lgjf{xsf] l:ylt lgs} uDeL/ aGb} uof] . k'gjf{;sf gfddf sof}+ kxfl8of
a:tLx? klg a;flnof] . gful/stf k|fKt ug{] hl6ntf / bf]xf]/f] gful/stfsf]
sf/0f dw]zL ;d'bfosf] ljzfn lx:;f cfºg} b]zleq /fHoljxLg aGg k'Uof] . v;
kxfl8of, lxGb", afx'g, 7s'/L, v; pRr hfltsf zf]ifsju{ / ltgsf] ;fDk|bflos
k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfaf6 x/ If]qdf lgs} lt/:s[t, ckdflgt, ckx]lnt / pTkLl8t
agfp“b} efiff, e]ife'iff, /xg;xg, ;flxTosnf / ;+:s[lt ;a}dfly cltqmd0f
ul/of] . )$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngkZrft\ :yflkt ax'bnLo zf;gsf] k'gM:yfkgf
ePkl5 klg dw]zL ;d'bfosf] hftLo Pjd\ /fhgLlts ;d:of 36\g'sf] abnf sof}+ k|;+udf
t emg\ hl6ntfx? ylk+b} uPsf 5g\ . ef/taf6 ;Ldfcltqmd0f, bf]xf]/f] gful/stf
k|flKtsf nflu sl7g, dft[efiffdf ;/sf/L sfdsfh ug{ aGb]h oyfjt g} 5 . dw]zLdfly
lxGb“ wd{ / a|fDx0fjfbL lrGtgsf] k|e'Tjsf] sf/0f dlxnf, afnljjfx, a'sL{ k|yf,
bfOhf] k|yf, hftkft / 5'jf5"t k|yf klg sfod g} 5g\ . ;fy} lxGb"
wd{af6 cGo wdf{jnDaLx? d'VotM d'l:nd ;d'bfodf 7"nf] cf3ft kb}{ cfPsf]
5 . )%* ;fnsf] Ho]i7df ;fDk|bflos /fHo;Qfsf] pTkL8gsf/L rl/q ePsf
1fg]Gb|n] dw]zL ;d'bfosf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{sf] ;§f dw]zL g]tf chjnfn ofbj nufot
xhf/f}+ dw]zLx?sf] xTof ul/;s]sf]n] cfh o;/L dw]zL ;d'bfosf] l:ylt emg\ kl5
emg\ uDeL/ aGb} uPsf] 5 .
o;/L ;fdGtL pRr cx+sf/jfbL v; afx'gjfbL zfxj+zLo
/fHo;Qfsf] kIfkft, e]befjk“0f{, k“jf{u|xk“0f{ ;fDk|bflos gLltn] ubf{ g} dw]zsf
dw]zLx?sf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f“:s[lts Pjd\ k|zf;lgs cj:yf emg\emg\
bogLo x'g'sf] ;fy} cfh Pp6} b]zsf] gful/s eP/ klg xfdL dw]zLnfO{ v; afx'gjfbL
cx+sf/jfbn] 3d08L ag]sf kxfl8ofx?n] dlwz], e}of, wf]tL, b]zL, ljxf/L, Ol08og,
sfn], l8+u/, d';'N6], vfnL l;;L af]tn, /fdljnf; of]uL, t/sf/L a]Rg] b]zL cflb
dgu9Gt] ufnL ug'{sf ;fy} dw]zs} klZrdL e“efudf af;]af; ub}{ cfPsfx?nfO{ sd}of,
5]u|jf, u}/xf}jf, sflDnof/, e};?jf, cf]uf{gL, n]9:jf cuf}9jf OToflb eg]/
xf]Rofpg], x]Kg], ckx]lnt / ckdflgt ug]{ h:tf lgs[i6 cdfgjLo rng af]s]sf]
5 . oxf“ ljrf/0fLo s'/f s] 5 eg] ha g]kfnsf pTkL8s hft–hfltsf o'jfx?
ljb]zLsf] kfn], sfG5f, nfx'/] aGg afWo 5g\ / o'jtLx? a]Zofnodf s}b eO{ …b]x Aofkf/Ú
ug{ ljj; 5g\ eg] bf]>f] bhf{sf] pTkLl8t tyf cfºg} b]zdf olt w]/} x]lkPsf
dw]zL ;d'bfosf] cj:yf s:tf] xf]nf < ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . csf]{lt/
dw]zL ;d'bfon] ;fdGtjfbL pTkL8gsf lj?4 lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ klg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
@))( ;fnsf] k“jL{ dw]zsf] ls;fg cfGbf]ng Oltxf;df pNn]vgLo 5 .
af“s]–alb{ofsf] nf]shf/ cfGbf]ng, gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL / sklnj:t'sf ls;fg
;+3if{x?, ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng nufot sof}+ ;+3if{ dw]zL ;d'bfosf] Tofu, jL/tf /
alnbfgsf pNn]vgLo ufyf 5 . Tolt eP/ klg dw]zL ;d'bfosf] nflu cfGbf]ngn]
ult lsg lng ;s]g o;sf] sf/0f kQf gnufO{ xfdL cfGbf]ng a9fpg ;Sb}gf}+ .
s'g} klg cfGbf]ng ;'rf? rnfpg d'Vo s'/f ;xL ljrf/n] g} lgb]{lzt u/]sf] x'g'k5{
t/ dw]zsf dw]zL ;d'bfosf clwsf+z JolQmx? ;lbof}+b]lv lxGb“jfbL wd{u|Gy, j]b,
pklgifb\ / k'/fgdf cfwfl/t wfld{s k/Dk/fut dfGotfsf sf/0f O{Zj/, b]jtf, e't,
k|]t, 6'gfd'gf / tGqdGqdf cfTd}b]lv ljZjf; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ;dfh ljsf;sf]
qmddf k|fuP]ltxfl;s sfnb]lv g} wfld{s k|jQmf k'/f]lxt -afx'g hflt_ x? cfºgf
JolQmut jf hftLo :jfy{cg';f/ hg;d'bfonfO{ >'lt -j]b_ :d[ltx?, k'/f0fx?,
/fdfo0f, dxfef/t h:tf cWofTdjfbL bz{gdf cfwfl/t sfAo;+u|xsf] c:j:Yo afrg
;'gfO{ lrGtg z}nLnfO{ g} ljs[t kf/L ?l9jfbL cGwljZjf;L b}jL zlQmdf ljZjf; ug]{
cj}1flgs cj:t'jfbL ;f]r / lrGtg wf/fsf hLjdfq agfOlbPsf] sf/0f dw]zL ;d'bfo
j:t' / 36gfnfO{ 7Ls 9+un] a'em\g ;ls/x]sf lyPgg\ . hf] ef}ltsjfbLx? 5g\
ltgLx?sf] lbnlbdfudf klg s]xL wfld{s lrGtgx? k|jflxt ug]{ u/]sf] sf/0f klg
;DejtM dw]zL d'lQm cfGbf]ngn] ;xL / 7f]; lbzf ;dfTg g;s]/ uf]nrSs/ dfl//x]sf]
s'/f :ki6 5 . ljutb]lv dw]zL ;d'bfosf] d'lQmsf] nflu ul7t ;+u7gx? klg
cWofTdjfbL ljrf/n] cfGtl/s ;+3if{eGbf afx\o ;+3if{nfO{ k|d'v agfp“b} cfPsf]
b]lvG5 . s'g} klg j:t'sf] ?kfGt/0fdf Tof] j:t'leq x'g] cfGtl/s
lqmofk|ltlqmof k|wfg / lg0ff{os x'G5 . / afx\o jftfj/0fLo k|efj cflb
cg]sf}+ sf/0fx? Tof] j:t''sf] ?kfGt/0fdf ;xfos e“ldsf v]Nb5 eGg] s'/f lj1fgn]
k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5 . dxfg\ hgtf g} zlQmsf] >f]t x'g] ePsf]n]
dw]zL d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf cyjf dw]zsf] ?kfGt/0f ug]{ sfddf dw]zL dxfg\ hgtf g}
k|wfg / cfwf/e“t zlQm xf] cyf{t\ dw]z / dw]zLsf] d'lQmsf] nflu dw]zL hg;d'bfonfO{
;r]t / ;+ul7t agfp“b} d'lQmsf] ;+3if{kydf lg/Gt/ nfUg'kg]{df lj8Dagf s]–s]
x'“b} cfPsf] 5 eg] ljutsf dw]zL g]tfx? dw]zL d'lQmsf] lglDt ef/tLo
zf;snfO{ u'xfg]{ u/]sf lyP . csf{] s'/f, g]kfnsf cGo hfthflt;“u ;femf
;d:ofdf ;femf ;dfwfg vf]Hg sfo{ut Pstf sfod u/L ldqkIf / zq'kIf ls6fgL ;fy
5'6\ofO{ ldqkIF;“u ldnL ;femf / cfk;L ;xdltsf] ;fy cufl8 a9\g'sf] ;§f kxf8Lsf
gfddf ;Dk“0f{ hghflt / cfd zf]liftkLl8t kxf8L hg;d'bfonfO{ 3[0ff ub}{ dw]zL
pTkL8gsf sf/0f ;Dk“0f{ kxf8LnfO{ g} abNb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . csf]{ s'/f
g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] P]ltxfl;s kIF / kf6fnfO{ x]bf{ dw]zL hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ng
rnfpg' cfkm}df cj}1flgs / unt x'g]5 . To;df klg clxn]sf] ljZj
;fd|fHojfbsf] gf¨f] tyf cfqmfds kl/j]zdf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] dfu{lgb{]zga]u/
k[ys tl/sfn] hftLo d'lQm vf]Hg' Psbd c;Dej 5 . t/ g]kfndf dw]zL ;d'bfosf]
aLrdf dw]zL hflt d'lQmsf] gfddf ul7t ljz]iftM g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ nufotsf
;+3–;+u7gx? b]zLo ;fdGtjfbsf] rfs8LrfKn';Ldf dw]zL hfltsf] d'lQm b]Vg] h:tf]
lj8Dagf x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o:t/df rln/x]sf] hftLo d'lQm
cfGbf]ngnfO{ x]bf{ s] b]lvG5 eg] juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng;“u cnu–ynu eP .
hftLo d'lQm vf]Hg' ;fd|fHojfbL / lj:tf/jfbL n'6]/f /fi6«x?sf] lglxt :jfy{
k"/f ug{ bnfnLsf] uf]6Lkfq aGg'afx]s hftLo d'lQm vf]Hg' cGttM lbjf:jKg
x'g] s'/f k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf]n] xfdL dw]zL ;d'bfosf] k“0f{ d'lQm cyf{t\
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/;lxtsf] :jzf;gsf nflu ha ;j{xf/f d'lQm cfGbf]ng;“u Psfsf/
ub}{ dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] cfd“n kl/jt{gsf/L dfu{lgb]{zgdf dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{
;r]t / ;+ul7t kfg{ yfNof}+ . To;kl5 dw]zL cfGbf]ng Pskl5 csf]{ p“rfO xfl;n
ub}{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . /, ca l5§} dw]zL hgtsf] d'lQm cfGbf]ng ;kmntfdf
k'Ug] lglZrt 5 .
ljBdfg ;d:ofx?M
!= ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfbL ;fDk|bflos /fHo;Qfsf] v'gL
b[li6sf]0fn] ubf{ k|frLgsfnb]lv o; ;dyn e"–v08df a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf dw]zL
;d'bfosf] 5'§} efiff cfly{s hLjg tyf ;femf ;“:s[ltdf cfwfl/t dgf]j}1flgs Ps?ktf
eP/ klg /fli6«o klxrfgsf] ;+s6 /x]sf] 5 . /fHo;Qfåf/f dw]zL
;d'bfonfO{ e]befj Pj+ z+sfsf] b[li6n] x]b{} dw]zL ;+:s[lt /efiffnfO{ ef/lto
;+:s[lt / efiff;“u hf]8]/ dw]zLx?nfO{ ljb]zL ;/x Aojxf/ ub}{ cfPsfn] d'Vo ?kdf
dw]zLsf] ;d:of eg]sf] /fHo;Qfsf] ;d:of xf] .
@= dw]zLx?nfO{ bf]>f] bhf{sf] gful/s dfGg]
oxf“sf zf;sx?n] 7f8f] cfk|jf;L gegL j}wflgs Jojwfg v8f u/L gful/ssf]
gful/stfsf] clwsf/af6 v'Nndv'Nnf jl~rt ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL v; efiff
af]Ng, n]Vg ;Sg] JolQmnfO{ dfq gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq lbg] sfg'g, ljb]zL
gful/sx?sf] xsdf agfOPsf] sfg'g dw]zLx?dfly klg Jojxf/tM nfu" eO/x]sf]
5 .
#= /fHo;Qfåf/f …Pp6f efiff, Pp6f e]if k|f0f eGbf
Kof/f] 5Ú h:tf gf/f ;fDk|bflos gLltsf] lg/Gt/tfn] dw]zL ;d'bfo nufot cGo eflifs
;d'bfosf] z}lIFs :t/df lgd{d c;/ kg'{sf ;fy} sltko efiff nf]k eO;s]sf 5g\ eg]
sltko nf]k x'g] l:yltdf k'u]sf 5g\ . cfh d'n'sdf tLg bh{g eGbf a9L efiffx?
hglha|f]df hLjGt k|rngdf 5g\ . k/Gt', jt{dfg /fHo;Qfn] v; g]kfnL efiffnfO{
dfq ljz]if /fhsLo clwsf/ lbP/ g]kfnL efiffnfO{ dfq /fi6«efiff, ;/sf/L efiff
cflbsf] dfGotf lbOof] eg] af“sL efiffnfO{ lbOPg .
$= jt{dfg /fHo;Qfsf] k|rlnt ;+ljwfgn] lxGb“ wfld{s
cf:yfsf kIfkftL ;d'bfosf] xsdf lxGb“ wd{nfO{ …/fli6«o wd{Ú sf] dfGotf lbOPsf]
5 . kl/0ffdtM jiff}{+b]lv g]kfnL wtL{df k':t}gL a;f]af; u/L cfPsf af}4,
d'l:nd, zLv, h}g, slj/kGyL cflb wfld{s cf:yfsf ;d'bfox? wfld{s clwsf/af6 al~rt
eO{ s'l07t hLjg ljtfO/x]sf 5g\ .
%= /fhg}lts, cfly{s, k|zf;lgs cflb If]qdf dw]zL
;d'bfodfly e]befj / c;dfg Aojxf/ ug]{, :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf;lxtsf clwsf/af6 al~rt
ug]{ h:tf kIfkft / pTkL8gdf cfwfl/t /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf ;/sf/ aGb} cfPsf
5g\ . ljutb]lv bf]>f] bhf{sf gful/s /x]sf dw]zLx? clxn] ;+;bLo
k|0ffnLcGtu{t klg /}tL ;/x g} 5g\ . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;df dw]zL ;d'bfosf
JolQm k|wfgdGqL g} ag]sf 5}gg\ .
^= cfly{s b[li6n] ;fdGtjfb / lj:tf/jfbsf]
bf]xf]/f] df/df k/]sf] dw]zL cfGtl/s ?kdf lxGb" kxfl8of pRr hftLo
pTkL8gsf] hf“tf]d'lg lklN;Psf 5g\ . s[lif k]zf d'Vo k]zf /x]sf] of] If]qdf
d'¶Le/ ;fdGt, hldGbf/x? -dw]zL, kxfl8of, afx'g, If]qL, /f0ff, 7s'/Lx?_ hdLgsf
dflns ag]sf]n] dw]zL ;d'bfo e"ldxLg s[lif dhb'/, ;'s'Djf;L, x?jf, r?jf,
sd}of cflb aGg afWo ePsf 5g\ . k/Dk/fut v]tL k|0ffnL, gub]jfnLdf
7"nfa8fx?s} x}sdsf ;fy} s[lif C0f, ;:tf] dn, pGgt aLp, s[liflj1, s[lifcf}hf/
cflbsf] ;x'lnot dw]zL ls;fgx?nfO{ k|fKt 5}g . oxf“sf pBf]ux?df k|foM
ef/tLo dhb'/ / k|fljlws dhb'/ /fVg] s/f/ k|yf sfod / af“sLdf kxfl8ofx?nfO{
k|>o lbg] ul/Psf]n] dw]zLx? a]/f]huf/ ePsf 5g\ . o;/L l;+uf] b]zsf
vfBfGg e08f/ pTkfbgsf] d]?b08 / /fli6«o /fh:jsf] d'Vo >f]t ag]sf] dw]z /
dw]zL ;d'bfo pk]lIft x'g' uDeL/ lj8Dagfsf] ljifo xf] .
&= of] dflysf] pNn]lvt ;a} of]uaf6 k}bf ePsf]
ljrf/, efjgf, cfr/0f, d"No / dfGotfdf cfwfl/t dfgl;stfsf] ;d:of ;f“:s[lts
;d:of xf] . dw]zL ;d'bfosf] e]ife'iff, /xg–;xg, rf8kj{, /Lltl/jfh, ;fdflhs
dfGotf, efiff, ;flxTosnf cflb cfºg} ljlzi6tfdf ljsl;t ePsf] ;f“:s[lts klxrfg
xf] . k/Gt', lxGb“ pRrhftLo kxfl8of zf]ifsju{n] of] klxrfgdfly 7“nf] wfjf
af]Nb} cfPsf] lglj{jfb 5 . dw]zsf] x/ If]qdf x'“b} cfPsf] bdg, cltqmd0f,
pk]IFf, ckdfg / pTkL8gsf] sf/0f dw]zL ;d'bfon] eo, ;Gqf;, c;'/IFF /
cfTdUnfgLsf] kL8f ef]Ub} cfPsf 5g\ .
*= /fhg}lts, cfly{s, k|zf;lgs cflb If]qdf
dw]zLdfly x'g] e]befj, :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf, /f]huf/L, Aofkf/, pBf]u Aoj;fo cflb
;lxtsf clwsf/af6 al~rt ug]{ h:tf kIFkft / pTkL8gdf k/]sf dw]zL ;d'bfo ;fdGtjfbL
/fHo;Qfåf/f n'l6Psf / kxfl8of afx'g, If]qL, /f0ff, 7s'/Lx?åf/f 7luPsf sf/0f
lj:yfkgsf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ . cfly{s cj:yf 6f6 klN6P/ bogLo hLjg af“Rg
ljjz dw]zL afWo eP/ ef/tsf] k~hfa, laxf/, a+ufn, cf;fd, pQ/k|b]z nufot dn]l;of,
;fpbLc/j cflb b]zdf bf; / gf]s/ agL yf]/} k};f sdfP/ klg :jTj a]lr/x]sf
5g\ . ljb]zdf afWo eP/ cfºgf] cd"No >d sd d"Nodf a]Rg afWo
5g\ . cfh y'k|} dw]zLx? cfly{s ljkGgtfsf sf/0f cfk|jf;L aGg afWo
5g\ .
;dfwg
pk/f]Qm pNn]lvt dw]z / dw]zL hg;d'bfosf] cfd hLjg;“u
hf]l8Psf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg / d'lQmsf nflu cfwf/e"t pkfox? clVtof/ u/L
cfGbf]ngnfO{ cu|lbzfdf a9fPdf p2]Zosf] k|flKt tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf ;kmntf
ldNg]5 .
!= xfdL dw]zL ;d'bfodfly x'g] ;a}vfn] zf]if0f,
pTkL8gsf d"n h8 kxfl8of pRrhftLo cx+sf/jfbL ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf g} /x]sf]n]
o;sf] 7f]; ;dfwfg hgjfbsf] k"0f{ cleJolQm / /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/
cyf{t\ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/;lxtsf] dw]zL :jzf;g g} /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] nflu
ljljw k|sf/sf ;+3if{sf ;fy} d'VotM h'emf? / k|lt/f]wk“0f{ vfGbf]ng rnfpg'kb{5 .
@= ;a}vfn] cGwhfltjfb, If]qLotfjfb,
;fDk|bflostfjfb, dw]zL ljz'4tfjfb, ju{lg/k]Iftfjfb h:tf unt lrGtg, k|j[lQx?sf]
lj/f]w ub}{ dw]zL d'lQmsf] gfddf e|d lbg]x?sf] lj/f]w Pjd\ e08fkmf]/ ug'{sf
;fy} k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] …km'6fpm / zf;g u/Ú eGg] gLltk|lt ;r]t /xL dw]zL d'lQmsf
nflu ;+3if{/t ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?;“u d}qLk“0f{ ;DaGw sfod /fVg' kb{5 .
#= xfd|f] cfGbf]ng ;j{xf/fju{sf] juL{o cfGbf]ng,
l;+uf] b]zsf] /fli6«o :jfwLgtf tyf cfd g]kfnL hg;d'bfosf] gof“ hgjfbL
cfGbf]ng;“u cleGg ?kn] uf“l;Psf]n] b]zsf zf]ifsju{af6 zf]lift–kLl8t
;Dk"0f{ kxfl8of;lxt ;a} hfltsf hgtf;“u ldqtf sfod ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf
;d]t rn]sf] juL{o tyf hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;lqmo ;dy{g ug'{kb{5 .
$= dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ k|x/L ;]gf;lxt ;a} ;/sf/L ;]jf
nufot ;a} /fhg}lts, ;+j}wflgs lgsfox?df ;dfg'kflts cfwf/df ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg
ul/g'k5{ .
%= :yfgLo ?kdf hg:t/af6 gful/stf k|df0f–kq ljt/0f
5fgljg ;ldlt agfO{ To;sf] l;kmfl/;df gful/stf k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf cljnDj sfod u/L
sfo{Gjog ul/g' kb{5 . k'/fgf hl6n lgodfjnL vf/]h u/L ;/n Jofjxfl/s
lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf sfod u/L bf]xf]/f] gful/stf, wf“wnL, e]befj, nfk/jfxL /
e|i6frf/ aGb ul/g' kb{5 .
^= ;+ljwfgdf ljBdfg /fi6«efiff, /fli6«o efiffx?
aLrsf] e]befj cGTo x'g'kb{5 . d}ynL, ef]hk'/L, cjlw nufotsf efiffx?nfO{
:yfgLo ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] ?kdf cljnDj dfGotf k|bfg ul/g' kb{5 . /fHon] dfWod
jf ;Dks{ efiffsf ?kdf s'g} klg efiffnfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/ glbO{ ;a}nfO{ :jtGq /
;dfgtfsf] cj;/ k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 . :yfgLo ?kdf dft[efiffdf lzIff lbg]
sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt u/L cf7 sIFf;Dd clgjfo{ ul/Psf] ;+:s[t lzIff vf/]h u/L OR5fwLg
agfOg' kb{5 .
&= d}ynL, ef]hk'/L, cjlw nufot cGo efiff,
;flxTo, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, ljsf;, cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf nflu dw]zL
;f“:s[lts k|lti7fgsf] :yfkgf u/L xfnsf ljleGg ;+:yfg, k|lti7fg ;/x ;d'lrt cj;/
k|bfg ul/g' kb{5 . ;fd|fHojfbL, lj:tf/jfbL k'“hLjfbL ;Dk"0f{ cZnLn, ljnfzL
/ 5f8fjfbL ;+:s[ltdfly s8f k|ltaGw nufOg'kb{5 .
*= efiffx?df hfltut, If]qut / ln¨ut ;+:s[ltsf]
;dfg'kflts ?kn] ;do ldnfP/ k|rf/–k|;f/ ul/g'kb{5 .
(= b]zaflx/af6 / b]zleqsf] b'a} lsl;dsf]
a;fO“–;/fOdfly s8f lgoGq0f nfu“ u/L ;dfg'kflts ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] Joj:yf
ldnfOg'kb{5 .
!)= dw]zaf6 p7]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L /fh:j dw]z
/ dw]zLs} cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;–lgdf{0fdf nufgL ul/g'kb{5 .
!!= jt{dfgsf] /fli6«o ;efnfO{ hftLo ;efdf kl/0ft
u/L xfn k|rngdf /x]sf] cj}1flgs, cJofjxfl/s ljsf; If]qnfO{ lj36g u/L hflt, efiff,
;“:s[lt, hg;+Vof / ef}uf]lns Ps?ktfsf] cfwf/df k'gu{7g ul/g'kb{5 .
!@= hldGbf/L k|yf vf/]h u/L h;sf] hf]t p;sf] kf]t
nfu" u/L e'ldxLg ls;fg, ;'s'Daf;Lx?nfO{ hdLg ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfP/
/f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 . df]xLsf] df]lxofgL xs ;'/lIFt x'g'
kb{5 . em'¶f C0f, rsf]{ Aofh vf/]h ug]{, dx+uLsf] cg'kftdf dhb'/L af]g;
a9fOg'kb{5 . s[lifC0f, s[lifcf}hf/ cflb ;fwgx?sf] ;/n / k|efjsf/L Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kb{5 .
!#= dlxnfx?dfly x'“b} cfPsf lkt[;QfTds zf]if0fsf]
;a} :j?ksf] cGTo u/L dlxnfnfO{ k'?if ;/x ;dfg clwsf/ lbOg' kb{5 . dw]zL
;dfhdf ljBdfg ltns / bx]h k|yfnfO{ lg?T;flxt ub}{ k}t[s ;DklQdf 5f]/LnfO{
5f]/f;/x ;dfg clwsf/ lbOg'kb{5 . ;Qfsf ;a} c+ux?df ;xeflutf lglDt
dlxnfx?nfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/ k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 .
!$= ;g\ !(%) ;lxtsf c;dfg ;lGw;Demf}tf vf/]h u/L
;dfgtfsf cfwf/df gof“ ;lGw;Demf}tfx? ul/g'kb{5 . ef/taf6 ul/g] ;Ldf
cltqmd0f, x:tIf]k / 3';k}7 aGb ul/g' kb{5 ;fy} cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbL if8\oGqk“0f{
x:tIf]k /f]lsg'kb{5 .
!%= hftLo, If]qLo tyf wfld{s pTkL8g nufot
5'jf5"t, ;fdflhs e]befj s'/Llt, s'k|yf cflbsf] cGTo ul/g'kb{5 . ;dfKt
g]kfndf ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng lsg rs{b}5 <
!=
e"ldsf
clxn] s]xL ;odotf g]kfndf ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng rs{b} uPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
/fhgLlts cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;sf] Ps cleGg, kl/k"/s / ;zQm c+usf] ¿kdf g]kfnL
ljBfyL{x¿sf] cfGbf]ng :yflkt 5 . @))& ;fnsf] /f0fflj/f]wL /fhgLlts
cfGbf]ngeGbf klxn] g} @))$ ;fndf hot' ;+:s[td\sf] gf/f lnP/ tTsfnLg hxflgof“ /
lg/+s'z /f0ffzf;glj?4 ePsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngn] /f0ff–zf;sx¿sf s';L{ xlNnPsf lyP
/ d's'6 8UdufPsf lyP . ;dfhsf ;Dk"0f{ cfGbf]ngx¿sf] g]t[TjbfoL /
cu'jf cfGbf]ng /fhgLlts cfGbf]ng x'G5 . To;}n] of] k|wfg / lg0ff{os klg
x'G5 . /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngn] ;dfhsf ;a} hflt, ju{, ;d'bfo / If]qnfO{
;d]6]sf] x'G5 . To;sf/0f of] ;du| cfGbf]ng / hggL cfGbf]ng xf] . t/
g]kfn, rLgnufot s]xL b]zx¿df o:tf] b]lvG5 ls /fhgLlts kf6L{, /fhgLlts cfGbf]ng
/ /fhgLlts g]tfeGbf klxn] ljBfyL{ ;+u7g, ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng / ljBfyL{ g]tf
hlGdg], x's{g]–rs{g] u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df dfq Ps k|sf/n] eGg] xf]
eg] t ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cu|0fL / lg0ff{os cfGbf]ng klg eGg ;lsG5 .
/f0ffsfndf hot' ;+:s[td\ cfGbf]ngsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df ef/tsf] agf/; -jf/f0f;L_df
k9\g uPsf g]kfnL ljBfyL{x¿n] g]kfndf kl/jt{g / ljsf;sf] nflu /fhg}lts /
;flxlTos cfGbf]ng rnfPsf lyP . @))& ;fnsf] /f0ff–zf;glj/f]wL /fhgLlts
cfGbf]ngdf o'jf g]kfnL ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;xeflutf / e"ldsf pNn]vgLo dfq xf]Og
lg0ff{os g} /x]sf] xf] . @)!& ;fnsf] kmf}hLsf08sf lj?4df g]kfnL
ljBfyL{x¿sf ulh{Psf :j/x¿ / au]sf /ut–kl;gf klg g]kfnL /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngsf]
Oltxf;sf kfgfdf c+lst g} 5g\ . k~rfotL Joj:yf, k~r] zf;s, lg/+s'z /fhf /
/fhtGq tyf d08n] ljBfyL{ zlQm / k|j[lQsf lj?4df b]zsf ljleGg 7fp“df / ljleGg
¿kdf ljBfyL{x¿n] cfºgf cfjfhx¿ a'nGb kf/]sf 5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df @)#@ df
lq=lj=lj=sf ljBfyL{x¿n] u/]sf] cfGbf]ng pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 eg] ;jf{lws ;zQm /
lg0ff{os cfGbf]ng @)#^ ;fnsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng / o;} ;]/f]km]/f]df k|jf/ -ef/t_
df c=ef=g]=lj=;+3sf] u7g eO{ ul/Psf] k~rfotL lg/+s'ztflj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf]
e"ldsf g]kfnL Oltxf;df /lQmd k[i7x¿df ;'gf}nf cIf/x¿n] n]lvPsf] 5 .
jf:tjdf xfd|f lbn–lbdfudf dfq xf]Og, /]zf / gzf tyf df+;k]zL / xf8hf]gL{leq tyf
l;/f–wdgLdf;d]t of] cfGbf]ngsf] k|efj k/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L @)$^ sf]
hgcfGbf]ng -:d/0f/xf];\ @)$^ sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ /fhgLlts kf6L{ / ltgsf g]tfn]
g]t[Tj u/]sf] / ;kmn ePsf] eP o;nfO{ /fhgLlts cfGbf]ng elgGYof] t/ To;f] geg]/
hgcfGbf]ng o; cy{df ;j{:jLsfo{ eof] ls o;df hg;+u7g / hg;d'bfo, h;df ljBfyL{
k|d'v kb{5, x¿sf] k|efjsf/L / lg0ff{os e"ldsf / ;xeflutf, g]t[Tj tyf
Tofu–alnbfg;d]t ePsf] lyof]_ df klg g]kfnL ljBfyL{x¿n] lgefPsf] e"ldsf /
lbPsf] of]ubfg clj:d/0fLo 5 .
b]zdf ;+;bLo ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] k'g:yf{kgfkl5 cyf{t\ @)$& ;fnotf k|fKt ;Lldt
k|hftflGqs / v'nf /fhg}lts kl/j]zdf g]kfnL cfGbf]ngsf afxs /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿ eP
klg tL ;a} cfGbf]ngx¿df ;aeGbf w]/} ;+Vofdf ;aeGbf 7"nf] pT;fxdf / ;aeGbf
a9L lhDd]jf/Laf]w u/]/ ljBfyL{x¿ g} ;xefuL ePsf 5g\, v'g–kl;gf aufPsf 5g\,
zlQm–a'l4 nufPsf 5g\ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ lg0ff{os ¿k lbg e/y]u u/]sf 5g\ .
@)$&–$* b]lv otfsf] ! bzseGbf a9Lsf] ck]Iffs[t v'nf cjlwdf klg af/Daf/
o:tf];Dd b]lvPsf] 5 ls /fhg}lts kf6L{ / g]tfx¿ k5fl8 t/ ljBfyL{ ;+u7g / ljBfyL{
g]tfx¿ cufl8 . :ki6 zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] g]kfnL /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngsf]
Oltxf;df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ 5f]8]/ cGo ;a}h;f] kf6L{ / ltgsf g]tfnfO{
ljBfyL{ ;+u7g / ltgsf g]tfx¿n] ntf/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngsf]
of] Pp6f ljz]iftf g} ePsf] 5 ls ;+;b\jfbL /fhg}lts zlQm, gLlt / g]t[Tj
;Demf}tfjfbL, 8/kf]s, kbnf]n"k, ;'ljwfef]uL / k/lge{/ 5g\ eg] ltg}
/fhg}lts zlQmsf] dftxtsf / ltgs} gLlt / g]t[Tj dfGg] elgPsf ljBfyL{ zlQm, gLlt
/ g]t[Tj eg] qmflGtsf/L, h'emf?, ;fx;L / TofuL /x]sf 5g\ . kmn:j¿k g]kfnL
/fhgLlts zlQmx¿n] em'sfpg / 8ufpg g;s]sf] zf;sx¿sf] cx+ / ;QfnfO{ ljBfyL{x¿n]
em'sfpg / 8ufpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ / jftf{–;Demf}tf u/L ljleGg dfux¿ k"/f u/fpg
;s]sf 5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ n] cfºgf] :jtGq / Psn
g]t[Tjdf jf ;+o'Qm g]t[Tjdf rnfPsf lzIffsf] lghLs/0f / Jofkf/Ls/0fsf lj?4df /
hgxTof / /fHocft+ssf lj?4sf cfGbf]ngx¿ ljz]if¿kn] pNn]vgLo /x]sf 5g\ .
@)%( c;f]h !* ut] /fhf 1fg]åf/f ul/Psf] k|ltudgsf/L …s'Ú sf] k"j{;GWofdf
b]z}el/sf] ;+s6sfn, hgxTof / /fHocft+ssf] lj/f]wdf kf6L{x¿n] ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g
u/] klg ljBfyL{x¿n] eg] lj/f]w g} u/] / cfºgf] uf}/jdo Oltxf;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lb+b} cfP . @)%* ;fn h]7 !( df ePsf] s'Voft gf/fo0flx6L b/af/xTofsf08sf]
lj/f]wdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ afx]s cGo /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] pQm xTofsf08 / To;sf
xTof/fx¿sf] lj/f]wdf r'“;Dd ug{ g;Sbf klg ljBfyL{x¿n] k|ToIf–ck|ToIf,
cf}krfl/s–cgf}krfl/s / JoQm–cJoQm ¿kdf w]/}yf]/} dfqfdf cfºgf] k|ltlqmof hgfO{
ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; hf]ufpg] k|of; u/] . @)$^ sf] hgcfGbf]ngåf/f
;Lldt k|hftflGqs clwsf/ / ;+;bLo ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] k"0f{¿kn] ckx/0f
ul/Pkl5 klg h'g;'s} sf/0fn] xf];\ ;+;bjfbLx¿sf] d'vdf tfNrf nfUof] / To;sf]
lj/f]w ug{ ;s]gg\ . a? …plxn] dl/g zf;', clxn] cfP cf“z'Ú eg]em}+ ha
dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/ cyf{t\ k'/fgf] ;Qf / gof“ ;Qfsf aLrdf o'4lj/fd eO{ jftf{åf/f
zflGtk"0f{ /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg] k|of; ;'? eof], ta sl/a ^ dlxgfkl5
;+;b\jfbLx¿n] cfºgf] cf:yf / ljZjf;sf] Joj:yf ;+;bLo ax'bnLo Joj:yfnfO{
lglnPsf] lj/f]wdf cyf{t\ c;f]h !* sf] k|ltudgsf] lj/f]wdf ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ug{
yfn] . t/ lj8Dagf of] eof] To;df g Tolt hg;dy{g / ;xeflutf b]vfk¥of], g t
s'g} zlQm / ult g} cfof] . ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿n] cfºgf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ bh{gf}+
r/0f;Dd ;+rfng ubf{ / lg0ff{os r/0f eg]/ hf]8 ubf{ klg To;n] Tolt k|efj kfg{
;s]g . t/ ltg} /fhgLlts bnx¿sf df]rf{– eft[;+u7g– ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx¿n] ;+o'Qm
¿kdf o;} ljifonfO{ lnP/ clxn] cfGbf]ng ubf{ k"/} b]z yy{/fPsf] 5,
;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfo h'd{'/fPsf] 5 / ;Qfwf/Lx¿sf] s';L{ xlNnPsf 5g\ eg] 1fg]sf
u2L 8UdufPsf] 5 . cflv/ o:tf] lsg < b]zsf ljleGg tx / tKsfsf
hg;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj / g]t[Tj ug{] ;+;bLo ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf vDaf dflgg] /fhgLlts
kf6L{x¿n] cfx\jfg u/]sf] cfGbf]ng t'lxg] / s'lxg] t/ ltgs} eft[ / df]rf{ ;+u7g
dflgg] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx¿n] cfx\jfg u/]sf cfGbf]ng rs{g] / x's{g] cyjf r9\g] /
a9\g] lsg x'G5 < o;sf k5fl8 s]xL sf/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . tL ljZn]if0f ul/g
nfos 5g\ .
@=
ljifo–ljZn]if0f
g]kfnsf ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngx¿ k|foM Jofks / k|efjsf/L aGg' cem slxn]slxn] t
lg0ff{os g} aGg'sf k5fl8 s]xL ;}4flGts jf ;fj{ef}d sf/0fx¿ /x]sf5g\ eg] s]xL
Jojxfl/s jf ljlzi6 sf/0fx¿ klg /x]sf 5g\ . tL s] slt / s:tf 5g\ <
ltgaf/] ;+lIfKtdf 5'§f5'§} rrf{ ug{' pko'Qm x'g]5 .
(I) ;fj{ef}d sf/0f– o;cGtu{t ljBfyL{df lglxt lgDg ;}4flGts sf/0fx¿nfO{ lng
;lsG5 h;sf sf/0fn] ;+;f/}el/ / cem vf;u/L g]kfndf;d]t ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng rs{g]
u/]sf 5g\ .
-s_
o'jf ;'ne u'0fx¿ x'g'– ljBfyL{x¿ d"ntM o'jfx¿ g} x'g\ . To;}n]
o'jfx¿df x'g] u'0fx¿ h:tf] ls ljb|f]xsf] r]tgf, pT;'stf, lqmofzLntf, ;fx; /
s]xL u/]/} 5f8\g] clg dfq dg{]h:tf ;kgf / ;+sNkx¿ ljBfyL{x¿df klg :jtM
x'G5g\ . o:t}, s}of}+df gof“ ljrf/, sfo{ jf j:t'k|ltsf] cfsif{0f /
k'/fgfk|ltsf] ljsif{0f jf ljb|f]x klg o'jfx¿s} a9L x'G5 . s=dfcf]n]
o'jfx¿sf] ;Gbe{df eGg' ePsf] 5– æo'jfx¿ ;dfhsf ;aeGbf w]/} ;lqmo / ;aeGbf a9L
k|f0fjfg\ zlQm x'g\ . ltgdf l;Sg] OR5f ;aeGbf a9L x'G5 / pgLx¿sf] ljrf/df
?l9jfbsf] k|efj ;aeGbf sd x'G5 .Æ o;/L :ki6 5 ls ljBfyL{x¿ o'jf ePs}n] qmflGtsf/L
/ h'emf? x'G5g\, clg Tofu tk:of / alnbfgsf] efjgfn] el/Psf x'G5g\ . s'g}
klg cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntf jf c;kmntf To;sf] nIo p2]Zo / gLltof]hgfdf dfq xf]Og,
ltgsf] k|flKt / sfof{Gjogsf] nflu zlQm, r]tgf, ;fx;, pT;'stf / ;lqmotf Pj+
qmflGtsf/Ltf, Tofu, tk:of / alnbfgsf] klg TolQs} a9L cfjZostf kb{5 . oL
;a} s'/fx¿ ljBfyL{df kfOG5g\ . To;}n] ljBfyL{x¿sf] cfGbf]ng rs{g] / ;kmn
x'g] ub{5g\ .
-v_ a'l4hLjLsf u'0fx¿ x'g\– ljBfyL{x¿ a'l4hLjL g} x'g\eGbf x'G5 . vf;u/L
cfGbf]ng ug{] ljBfyL{x¿ pRr dfWoldsb]lv SofDk; -sn]h_, ljZjljBfnodf k9\g]
ljBfyL{x¿ g} x'g\ . ;fdfGotM dfWoflds lzIff k|fKt s'g} klg JolQm, hf]
k|fKt lzIff / tbg';f/sf] a'l4ljj]ssf] e/df k]zf ug{] / hLljsf ug{] ub{5 / h;n]
cfºgf] nflu dfq g;f]r]/ ufp“ ;dfh, b]z / b'lgof“s} nflu s]xL af}l4s of]ubfg
ug{] ;f]R5 / ub{5, To;nfO{ a'l4hLjL elgG5 . a'l4hLjLx¿ cfºgf ljifodf bIf
klg x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ b"/bzL{ klg x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] lbdfu /
b[li6sf]0f j}1flgs / km/flsnf] klg x'G5 . To:t} s'g} gof“ s'/f jf gof“
ljrf/nfO{ u|x0f ug{, To;af/] ts{–ljst{ ug{ / lsg / s;/L eO/x]5 eg]/
cWoog–cg';Gwfg ug{ klg a'l4hLjL–ljBfyL{x¿ ;Ifd / tTk/ x'G5g\ . o'jf
a'l4hLjLx¿sf] o;} ljz]iftfnfO{ cf}+Nofpb} s= dfcf]n]– ærLgdf
dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL ljrf/wf/f ;aeGbf klxn] ljBfyL{ / o'jf a'l4hLjLx¿n] cfTd;ft\
u/]/ cl3 a9]sf]Æatfpg' ePsf] 5 . dfn]dfh:tf] qmflGtsf/L ljrf/nfO{ a'‰g]
dfq xf]Og, o;nfO{ nfu" ug{] / ljsf;;d]t ug{] ;fdYo{ klg
ljBfyL{–a'l4hLjLx¿df x'G5 . To;}n] ha o:tf] ;d'bfon] cfGbf]ngsf] cfx\jfg /
g]t[Tj ug{ cl3 a9\5 ta w]/}h;f] ljBfyL{–a'l4hLjLx¿ dfq xf]Og, cGo ;Dk"0f{
tx / tKsfsf hg;d'bfox¿ klg ltgsf] ;dy{g / ;xof]udf pqG5g\ / ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng
cl3 a9\b5 .
-u_ nfn / lgk"0f{sf] ;dfof]hg x'g'– ljBfyL{x¿ Ps};fy o'jf klg x'g' /
a'l4hLjL klg x'g' g} nfn / lgk"0f{sf] ;dfof]hg x'g' xf] . o'jfx¿
k|foM nfn -qmflGtsf/L_ x'G5g\ eg] a'l4hLjLx¿ k|foM lgk"0f{ x'G5g\ .
s'g} klg cfGbf]ng / qmflGt ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu g nfn dfq eP/ k'U5, g t
lgk"0f{ dfq} eP/ x'G5, g t oL b'j} geP/ g} x'G5 . t;y{ nfn /
lgk"0f{ b'j}sf] ;dfof]hg cToGt cfjZos x'G5 hf] ljBfyL{df g} k|foM x'G5 .
nfn / lgk"0f{sf] ;dfof]hgsf] cy{ cfj]u / ljj]ssf] ;dfof]hg, ;fx; / ;+odsf]
;dfof]hg / lj1fg / snfsf] ;dfof]hg klg xf] . ha s'g} cfGbf]ngdf o;k|sf/sf
u'0fx¿sf] ;+ud / ;dfof]hg x'G5 cyf{t\ ;d'lrt ;+s]lGb|t, ;+o'Qm / ;zQm ¿kdf
k|of]u x'G5 ta cfGbf]ngn] tLj|tf, Jofkstf / u'0ffTdstf u|x0f ub{5 / ;kmntf
k|fKt ub{5 .
-3_ s0f{wf/ aGg] ;kgf b]Vg'– eljiodf s'g} /fd|f] sfd u/]/ ;dfhsf] Ps s0f{wf/
aGg] / b]z–b'lgof“nfO{ s'g} gof“ of]ubfg lbg] nIo–p2]Zo /fVg] jf ;kgf b]Vg]
/fd|f] s'/f xf] / of] x'g' g} kb{5 . To;}n] n]lggn]– æsDo'lgi6x¿n] ;kgf
b]Vg' kg{]Æ s'/fdf hf]8 / dxTj lbg'ePsf] 5 . lzIff cfh{g ug{] qmdd} cfºgf]
efjL hLjgsf] af/]df ;f]+Rg], nIo rog eljiodf gof“ / dxfg\ sfdx¿ u/L ;dfhnfO{
of]ubfg lbg] k|0f–k|lt1f ug{] ul/G5 . 7Ls olt g} a]nf cfºgf] / ;dfhsf]
;'Gb/ / ;'vb\ eljiosf] nflu tyf d'lQm, ;dfgtf / Gofosf] nflu ha cfºg} ljBfyL{
cfGbf]ng ;'? x'G5, ta ljBfyL{x¿n] tL ;kgf / nIo p2]Zox¿ ToxL cfGbf]ngaf6 dfq
k|fKt x'g] / cfºgf k|0f–k|lt1fx¿ k"/f x'g] lglZrt ub{5g\ / cfGbf]ngdf
xf]ldG5g\ . kmn:j¿k cfGbf]ngn] lgsf; / ljsf;sf] af6f] kqmG5 clg ;kmntfsf]
lzv/ r'Dg k'Ub5 .
-ª_ k|lt/f]w IFdtf / abnfsf] efjgf x'g'– ;fdfGotof h;/L s= dfcf]n] eGg' ePem}+
æhxf“ bdg x'G5, Toxf“ k|lt/f]w x'G5Æ 7Ls To;}u/L hxf“ cGofo–cTofrf/ /
xTof–lx+;f x'G5, Toxf“ abnfefj k|an x'G5 . ljBfyL{x¿ o'jf ePsfn] gof“–gof“
l;Sg / ug{ rfxG5g\ . gof“–gof“ ubf{ k'/fgfsf] zf;g, cf;g / sfzgsf] pNn+3g
x'G5 cyf{t gof“ lgdf{0f ubf{ k'/fgf] eTsfpg' kg{] x'G5, eTsG5 . k'/fgf
ljrf/sf jf k'/fgfnfO{ cfkm"n] vfOkfO cfPsf] d]nf] u'Dg]ef] eg]/ lrGtf / 8/
nfU5 . kmn:j¿k p;n] cfºgf] k'/fgf] k/Dk/f / Joj:yfnfO{ arfpg gof“x¿dfly
ank|of]u ub{5, aGb"s k|of]u ub{5 / bafpg, gfz ug{ yfNb5 . o;n] gof“x¿
vf;u/L ljBfyL{x¿df k'/fgf]k|lt tLj| 3[0ff / abnfsf] efj k}bf ub{5 / hf] 3[0ff
k|lt/f]w Ifdtf -zlQm_ / cfqmd0fefjdf kl/0ft x'G5 . o;/L ljBfyL{x¿ gof“ jf
cfkm"x¿nfO{ cyf{t\ Gofo / ;Tosf kIfw/x¿nfO{ bdg ug{]x¿sf] lj?4 k|lt/f]w
ug{ / abnf lng tDtof/ x'G5g\ . kmn:j¿k cfGbf]ngn] prfO / lj:tf/ kfpb}
hfG5 .
-r_ ;j{kIfLo k|ltlglwTj x'g'– ljBfyL{ ;d'bfodf b]zsf ;a}h;f] ju{, If]q, ln+u,
hflt, wd{ / ;“:s[ltsf dflg;x¿sf] k|ltlglwTj x'G5 . cyf{t\ s'g} :s"n,
SofDk; / ljZjljBfno ljleGg If]qsf y'k|}–y'k|} ;r]t / lzlIft o'jfx¿ hDdf x'g]
ynf] xf] . o;/L s]xL lglZrt 7fp“x¿df 7"nf]–7"nf] ;+vofdf dflg;x¿
hDdf x'“bf cfGbf]ng ug{] Pp6f 7"nf] zlQm lgdf{0f x'G5 . b]zsf ;a}
ju{, If]q, ln+u, hflt / ;+:s[ltsf hg;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf ePsf] ljBfyL{ ;d'bfon]
cfGbf]ng ubf{ :jtM Tof] cfGbf]ng b]zsf tL ;a} hg;d'bfosf] cfGbf]ng aGg
hfG5 . kmn:j¿k Tof] cfGbf]ngn] ;j{kIfLo ;xof]u–;dy{g kfp“5 / cfGbf]ngn]
cu|ult lnG5 .
-5_ ;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL ljrf/n] n}; x'g'– ;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfb cGofo /
cTofrf/sf >f]t ePsf] s'/f ;j{:jLs[t tYo g} xf] . of] s'/f ljBfyL{x¿n]
cfºgf] cWoog / cg'ejs} qmddf :ki6;“u a'‰g] cj;/ kfp“5g\ . Psflt/
o'jf–ljBfyL{x¿sf] cGofo–cTofrf/lj/f]wL / ljb|f]xL :jefj / csf{lt/ cGofo–cTofrf/
eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L Pj+ To;sf] k|lt/f]wsf] r]tgfn] ubf{ ;fdfGotM h'g;'s} b]zdf /
ljz]iftM g]kfnh:tf cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs b]zx¿df ljBfyL{x¿
;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL ljrf/n] n}; x'G5g\ . o;n] ubf{
;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL cfGbf]ngx¿sf] ;+rfng ljBfyL{x¿n] ug{ k'Ug] /
;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfbsf] df/df k/]sf b]z–ljb]zsf ;Dk"0f{ zf]lift–kLl8t
hg;d'bfosf] ;dy{g / ;xof]udf klg ltgLx¿n] kfp“5g\ . To;}n] ljBfyL{
cfGbf]ngx¿ lg/Gt/ rs{b} hfG5g\ . zfob oxL sf/0fn] s= dfcf]n] o'jf
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ …;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL Pp6f df]rf{sf ;]gf, h'g ;]gf Hofb}
dxTjk"0f{ 5Ú egL pNn]v ug{' ePsf] xf]nf . olt dfq xf]Og, cem a9L hf]8
lb+b} …qmflGtsf] jt{dfg r/0f -;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL–n]=_ df cS;/ u/]/
cu'jfsf] e"ldsf v]Ng] zlQmÚsf] ¿kdf ;d]t dfcf]n] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ dxTj
lbg'ePsf] 5 .
II
ljlzi6 sf/0f M
g]kfndf ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng k6s–k6s / Jofks Pj+ ;zQm ¿kdf p7\g] / rs{g] ug{' tyf
;f] cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0f ;Qfwf/L zf;sju{ ys{]/ zf;g ;Qfd} kl/jt{g ug{ k'Ug] cj:yf
-h:tf] ls vf;u/L @)#^ sf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf sf/0f hgdt;+u|x ug{ afWo x'g'_
x'g'df g]kfnsf cfºg} s]xL df}lns, ljlzi6 / Jofjxfl/s sf/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
tL ljlzi6 sf/0fx¿ lgDgcg';f/ /x]sf 5g\–
-s_ kf6L{sf g]tfx¿df /x]sf] ;Demf}tfjfb– g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf kf6L{sf
zLif{:y w]/}h;f] g]tfx¿df ;Demf}tfjfbL ;f]+r /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pbfx/0fsf]
lglDt @))& ;fnsf] /f0fflj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj ug{] kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u|];
/ To;sf g]tfx¿ lbNnL–b/af/df uP/ /f0ff zf;sx¿;“u ;Demf}tf u/]sf lyP / df]xg
zDz]/nfO{ cGtl/d k|wfgdGqLsf] ?kdf :jLsf/]sf lyP . @)!& ;fndf /fhf
dx]Gb|åf/f s' ul/O{ ;+;bLo ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] :yfgdf k~rfotL Joj:yfh:tf] lg/+s'z
/ lgb{nLo Joj:yf :yfkgf ePkl5 g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;jf{]Rr g]tf jL=kL=
sf]O/fnfnufotsf zLif{:y g]tfx¿n] cfºgf] lgjf{l;t hLjgs} aLrdf cyf{t\ /fhf /
k~rfotL lg/+s'z Joj:yflj/f]wL ;+3if{ ;kmn gx'b} tyfslyt /fli6«o d]nldnfksf]
gLlt lnO{ v'nf¿kn] af“Rg kfpg] cfzfn] ef/tsf] lgjf{l;t hLjg 5f]8]/ @)## ;fndf
g]kfn k|j]z ug{]h:tf] Psk|sf/sf] cfTd;dk{0fsf] sfd u/] . olt dfq xf]Og,
tTkZrft\ klg @)#^ ;fndf k"0f{ ljholt/ uO/x]sf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng¿kL cfuf]df
kfgL vGofpg] rfnafhL:j¿k cfPsf] lgb{nLo Joj:yf / ax'bnLo Joj:yf aLrdf hgdt
;+u|x u/fpg] /fhfsf] sbdnfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; / To;sf zLif{:y g]tfx¿n] alQ afn]/
:jfut u/] . kl5 ha hgdt;+u|xdf pxL k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] hLt b]vfOof] ta wf“wnL
eof] eg]/ ;fdfGo lj/f]w hgfP klg cfGbf]ng u/]gg\ . sl/a o:t}–o:t}
;Demf}tfaGbL–cfTd;dk{0fjfbL rl/q / lrGtg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / ltgsf g]tfx¿df klg
b]lvG5 . vf;u/L @)!)–!! ;fnlt/ af/f–k;f{–/f}tx6df ePsf 7'nf7"nf ls;fg
;+3if{x¿af6 tTsfnLg ;/sf/ dfq cQflnPg, a? tTsfnLg g]=s=kf=sf zLif{:y g]tf
dgdf]xg clwsf/Ln] cfkm" / cfºgf] kf6L{ /fhf / /fhtGqlj/f]wL gePsf], e'ldut
geO{ v'nf ¿kn] zflGtk"0f{ / j}wflgs ;+3if{ ug{] t/ qmflGtsf/L / ;z:q
;+3if{ gug{] sfongfdf u/L kf6L{dflysf] k|ltaGw x6fpg b/af/df ljGtL r9fPsf
lyP . o:t} @)!$ ;fndf ;DkGg låtLo dxflwj]zgåf/f lgjf{lrt dxfdGqL 8f=
s]z/h+u /fodfemLn] /fhf / /fhtGqsf] jsfnt ug{] jf ;Demf}tf ug{]af6 cl3 a9]/
k"/} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ g} b/af/df nu]/ e]6L r9fO{ r/d u2f/L
u/] . To;af6 arfpg] gfddf @)!( df ;DkGg t];|f] dxflwj]zgåf/f 5flgPsf
dxfdGqL t'n;Lnfn >]i7n] klg /fli6«o k|hftGqsf] sfo{qmdsf] cfj/0fdf ¿;L
;+zf]wgjfb / To;åf/f ;dly{t g]kfnsf] /fhf / /fhtGqfTds zf;g k|0ffnLsf] bnfnL
u/] / cBflk ul/g} /x]sf 5g\ . oxf“;Dd ls @)@*÷@( ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s emfkf
ljb|f]xh:tf] qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{sf] ;'?jft / ljsf; u/L b]zdf xnrn dRrfOlbPsf]
tTsfnLg g]=s=kf=-dfn]_ / xfn Pdfn] kf6L{sf g]tfx? h:tf]– /fwfs[i0f d}gfnL, v8u
cf]nL, df]xgrGb| clwsf/L, emngfy vgfn, ;L=kL=d}gfnL cflbn] pQm cfGbf]ngsf]
af6f] kl/Tofu u/L k~rfotL r'gfjdf efu lng]b]lv lnP/ /fhtGqfTds ;+;bLo
Joj:yfnfO{ cfºgf] cfbz{ atfP/ dxfsfnL ;lGwh:tf] 3f]/ /fi6«3ftL ;Demf}tfnfO{
cg'df]bg u/]/ tyf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf gfOs]x¿nfO{ v'nf¿kd} ;Ddfg u/]/ cfºgf]
;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfb;“usf] ;Demf}tfjfbL–cfTd;dk{0fjfbL rl/qsf] gf+uf] k|bz{g
u/] . xfn kl5Nnf] cjlwdf cfP/ hgo'4nfO{ pu|jfb / cft+sjfb b]v]/ lj/f]w
ug{] lgx'df g]=s=kf=-d;fn_ / To;sf g]tf df]xgljqmdl;+x, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{
/ To;sf g]tf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] -/f]lxt_ cflbn] k/f]If¿kdf xTof/f] /fhf /
/fhtGq 1fg]Gb|–kf/;d08nLnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] u/]sf 5g\ . jf:tjdf g]kfnL
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df ljutdf ;Demf}tfjfbL gePsf k'iknfn >]i7 dfq
b]vf kb{5g\ eg] jt{dfgdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / To;sf zLif{:y g]tfx¿ dfq .
o;/L :ki6 x'G5 ls g]kfnL /fhgLlts g]tfx¿sf] ;Demf}tfjfbL / cfTd;dk{0fjfbL tyf
bnfnL / u2f/Lsf] gLlt / sfo{n] Pp6f ;r]t, lzlIft, lhDd]jf/ / ;+j]bgzLn
tKsf–ljBfyL{ ;d'bfosf] cfºgf] qmflGtsf/L / ;+3if{zLn cf:yf, ljrf/ / rl/qdf
g/fd|f];“u wAaf / wSsf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿ ljb|f]xL / lj:kmf]6s
aGg] u/]sf 5g\ . xfn} rln/x]sf] k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf klg
g]=s=kf=Pdfn] / g]kfnL sf+u|];n] b]vfPsf] xTof/f] /fhf 1fg]Gb|d0nLk|ltsf]
df]ntf]n / bz{ge]6¿kL ;Demf}tfjfbL bnfnL / u2f/L k|j[lQ / lqmofsnfkn] ubf{
ljBfyL{x¿sf] dfq xf]Og cfd hgtfs} pgLx¿k|lt ljt[i0ff a9]/ hfg] u/]sf] 5 / o;n]
ljb|f]x / lj:kmf]6sf] ¿k ln+b} uPsf] 5 . kmn:j¿k o:tf] ePsf] 5 ls /fhgLlts
kf6L{x¿n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf bh{gf}+ r/0fdf cfGbf]ng ubf{ / tLdWo] sltkonfO{ lg0ff{os
cfGbf]ng atfpbf klg To;n] hg;dy{g / ;xfg'e"lt k|fKt ug{ c;kmn ePsf] 5 eg]
ltg} /fhgLlts kf6L{sf eft[ ;+u7gx¿n] cfof]hgf u/]sf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd / ;+rfng
u/]sf] cfGbf]ng lbgk|ltlbg k|efjsf/L eO/x]sf 5g\ .
-v_ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngk|lt Jofks hgcfsif{0f– g]kfnL /fhg}lts cfGbf]ngsf] Pp6f
ljlzi6 ljz]iftf s] /x\of] eg] o;df ljZjsDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / dfn]dfjfbsf] k|efj
Hofbf l56f] / Hofbf Jofks dfqfdf kg{] u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] k5fl8 Pp6f sf/0f t
l5d]sL rLgdf sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngn] ;kmntf kfpg'n] sfd u/]sf] 5 t/ olt dfq kof{Kt
xf]Og . g]kfnL hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L k|j[lQ, h:tf] ls dfcf]n] eGg' ePsf]
…hgtf qmflGt rfxG5g\Ú / n]lggn] eGg' ePsf]– …qmflGt cfhsf] d"n k|j[lQ
xf]Úsf] k|ToIf k|df0fs} ¿kdf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . o;}u/L s= k|r08n]
eGg'ePsf]– …cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfbL o'udf dfn]dfåf/f lgb{]lzt ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf hgo'4sf] tl/sfaf6 dfq qmflGt / d'lQm ;Dej 5 eGg]
s'/fnfO{ klg g]kfnL hgtfn] bx|f];“u cfTd;ft\ u/]sf] / sDo'lgi6 qmflGts} ;Gbe{df
xhf/f}+ hgtfn] qmflGt / d'lQmsf lglDt cfºgf] alnbfg lbPsf] klg oxf“ :d/0fLo
5 . ljZjsf Psflt/ Pp6f klg ;dfhjfbL ;Qf g/x]sf] / /0fgLlts ;Gt'ngsf]
l:ylt;Dd k'u]sf] k]?sf] qmflGtn] wSsf vfPsf] tyf s'g} klg b]zsf] zf;sju{af6
s'g} lsl;dsf] ;xof]u lng g;Sg] cfhsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] ptf/ / /IffTds l:ylt
/ csf{lt/ Psw'|jLo cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbs} r/d bfbflu/L tyf xTofbdg / cfts lgjf{w
al9/x]sf] / xfn;fn} g]kfndf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] x:tIf]k eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df klg
hgo'4 lg/Gt/ lj:tf/ / ljsf; eO/xg' clg ;kmntflt/ uO/xg'df of] g} Pp6f k|d'v
sf/0f /x]sf] 5 ls g]kfnL hgtf, h;sf Pp6f k|d'v tKsf ljBfyL{ ;d'bfo xf], sf]
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / dfn]dfjfbk|lt Jofks cfsif{0f, cf:yf / ljZjf; /x]sf]
5 .
-u_ ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] uf}/jdo Oltxf;– g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Oltxf;df ljBfyL{
cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; cToGt} uf}/jdo / uj{ ug{nfos /lxcfPsf] 5 . cfºgf] o;}
uf}/jzfnL Oltxf;, hf] xhf/f}+ ljBfyL{x¿sf /utn] n]lvPsf] 5 / hf] nfvf}+
ljBfyL{x¿sf] kl;gfdf x's{]sf] 5,nfO{ Ps ;r]t, ;+j]bgzLn / lhDd]jf/ JolQmsf]
x}l;otn] :d/0f ug{' / ;f] Oltxf;nfO{ sfod /fVb} cem cl3 a9fpg' :jfefljs
xf] . g]kfnL /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngsf pk/f]Qm /fi6«3ftL, ljZjf;3ftL, wf]s]afhL,
;Demf}tfjfbL / u2f/Lk"0f{ sfnf] Oltxf; /xL cfPsf] kl/j]zdf ljBfyL{x¿sf]
/fi6«jfbL, ;+3if{zLn / :jfledfgL tyf lg/+s'z /fhf / ;fdGtL /fhtGqlj/f]wL
;'gf}nf] / uf}/jdo Oltxf;n] lgZro klg ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|]l/t, pT;flxt, t/+lut /
cfGbf]lnt ul//x]sf] 5 / ul/g} /xg]5 . clxn] klg /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] vfln
c;f]h !* sf] k|ltudgsf/L sbd lkmtf{ lng] / ;+;b k'g:yf{kgf jf ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ u7g
ug{] ;'wf/jfbL–;Demf}tfjfbL dfu u/]sf]n] cfGbf]ng a9\g g;s]sf] t/ ljBfyL{x?n]
Tof] eGbf cl3 a9]/ k|ltudgsf/L lg/+s'z /fhf / /fhtGqs} lj?4df gf/fx? p/fNg] /
/fhf 1fg]sf k'Tnfx? hnfpg] h:tf sfo{qmdx? u/]sfn] of] cfGbf]ngdf k|f0f, zlQm /
ult cfPsf]df z+sf 5}g . o:t}, kf6L{sf g]tfx¿sf] JolQmut / kf6L{ut 5ljeGbf
ljBfyL{ g]tfx¿sf] JolQmut / ;+u7gfTds 5lj cyf{t\ ;fdflhs–;f“:s[lts 5lj t'ngfTds
¿kn] :jR5 / lg:jfy{ /x]sf] klg 5 . o;} sf/0fn] klg kf6L{n] cfx\jfg u/]sf]
;+3if{df eGbf ljBfyL{x¿n] cfx\jfg u/]sf] ;+3if{df ljBfyL{ dfq xf]Og, cfd hgtfs}
;xeflutf / ;dy{g a9L x'g] u/]sf] xf] .
#=
pk;+xf/
ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng g]kfndf dfq k'likt / kNnljt x'g] / ljBfyL{x¿n] b]z, hgtf /
hgjfbsf] lglDt dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] geO{ o:t} e"ldsf l5d]sL
d'n's rLgdf klg v]n]sf] e]l6G5 . ;g\ !(!! sf] qmflGt cl3 ljb]zdf cWoog/t
lrlgof“ ljBfyL{x¿n] rnfPsf] cfGbf]ng, o'jf ljBfyL{x¿n] ;+rfng u/]sf] $ dO{ !(!(
sf] 7"nf] cfGbf]ng, !(@% sf] dO{ #) sf] cfGbf]ng / !(#% sf] l8;]Da/ ( sf]
cfGbf]ngn] lrlgof“ qmflGtdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf– Psk|sf/n] cu|Ld
e"ldsf v]n]sf] s'/f :jo+ dfcf]n] :jLsfg{' ePsf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L dO{ $,
!(!( sf] o'jf ljBfyL{x¿sf] 7"nf] cfGbf]ngsf] ljz]if e"ldsf ePsfn] g}
rLgn] dO{ $ nfO{ s]xL jif{kl5 o'jf lbj;sf] ¿kdf dgfpg] u/]sf] xf] . g]kfn,
rLgh:tf cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'n'sx¿ / cem ljz]ifu/L lg/+s'z /fhtGqfTds
jf tfgfzfxL d'n'sx?df ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngx¿ ;zQm, k|efjsf/L / dxTjk"0f{ x'g'
;+ejtM o;k|sf/sf cNkljsl;t b]zx¿sf] ljlzi6 l:yltsf] kl/0ffd xf] . cyjf,
o:tf] eGg ;lsG5 ljsf;zLn t];|f] d'n'ssf] of] Pp6f ljz]iftf g} xf], lsgeg]
ljsl;t b]zdf pBf]uwGbf, snsf/vfgfx¿ 7"nf / w]/} x'G5g\ / Toxf“
dhb"/x¿sf] 7"nf] ;+Vof x'G5, h:n] cfGbf]ngx¿df ;xeflutf / g]t[Tj
ub{5g\ . t/ cNkljsl;t d''nsdf pBf]uwGbf / dhb'/x¿ 7"nf] ;+Vofdf gePsf
/ lg/+s'ztfsf] rk]]6fdf k/]sf x'G5g\, Toxf“ ck]Iffs[t :s"n, sn]hx¿ a9L
ePsfn] y'k|f] ;+Vofdf ljleGg yl/sf ljBfyL{x¿ hDdf x'g] x'gfn] cfGbf]ngdf
;xeflutf / g]t[Tj ug{] l:ylt k}bf ePsf] xf] . xfd|f] h:tf] b]zsf] nflu cfh
:s"n–sn]h -SofDk;_ / ljZjljBfnox¿ qmflGtsf/Lx¿ pTkfbg ug{] / qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ng ;+rfng ug{] Psk|sf/sf s]Gb|x¿ g} x'g\, h;nfO{ ;d'lrt ¿kn] a'‰g /
kl/rfng ug{ h?/L 5 . ;fy} o; ;Gbe{df g]kfnsf ;+;b\jfbL /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ /
ltgsf g]tfx¿sf] hglj/f]wL, b]zlj/f]wL / qmflGtlj/f]wL rl/q / lrGtgn] ubf{
ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdfly x:tIf]k u/L t'xfpg] / lj;h{g ug{] jf cfºgf] z+s'lrt lxtsf]
nflu pkof]u ug{] / o;lglDt ljBfyL{ / ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx¿sf] :jtGqtfnfO{ ;d]t alGwt
ug{] cyf{t\ pgLx¿dfly lg/+s'ztf nfb\g] -kf6L{sf] hah{:tL lgoGq0f sfod ug{]_
vt/f k|an 5 . ;+sL0f{ kf6L{ut :jfy{eGbf dfly p7]/ b]z, hgtf / hgjfbsf]
a[xQ/ lxtsf] lglDt ljBfyL{ ;+u7g, g]t[Tj, sfo{stf{, cfd ljBfyL{x¿ /
;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfox¿ klg ;r]t / ;fjwfg eg] /xg} k5{ . cGoyf s'g} klg
a]nf pk/f]Qm cj;/jfbL kf6L{ g]tfx¿af6 wf]sf / if8\oGqsf] lzsf/ aGg'kg{]
5 . cGtdf s= dfcf]n] eGg'ePsf]– …of] -ljBfyL{_ ;d'bfo lgDgk'“hLkltju{df
kg{] / o;sf] 7"nf] ;+Vof / zlQm x'g] x'gfn] o;n] qmflGtdf 7"nf]
of]ubfg lbg ;Sg]Ú s'/f, tyf …xfd|f tGg]/L a'l4hLjL–ljBfyL{x¿n] hg;+Vofsf] ()
k|ltzt dhb'/, ls;fgx¿df hfg}k5{ / ltgnfO{ ;+rflnt, ;+ul7t ug{}k5{Ú eGg]
s'/fnfO{ bx|f];“u cfTd;ft\ ug{ ;s] cyf{t\ lgDgk'“hLkltju{df kg{] x'gfn] 9'nd'n
/ cj;/jfbL x'g] vt/fk|lt ;fjwfg x'g], 7"nf] zlQm / ;+Vof x'gfn] cx+sf/L
aGg] vt/faf6 aRg] / dhb"/–ls;fgaf6 cfPsfn] hglj/f]wL gag]/ ;r]ttfk"j{s
k'gM dhb'/–ls;fgaLr uO{ hgtf;“u Psfsf/ eO{ hgtfsf] a[xQ/ xslxtsf] lglDt ;+3if{
ug{], af/af/ cfGbf]ng ug{] / lg/Gt/ qmflGt ug{] s'/fk|lt eg] ;fdfGotM
;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x¿ / ljz]iftM ljBfyL{ g]tfx¿ ;ts{ /xg'k5{ .
zfxL ;]gf zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfdf ktg
ePsf] k'li6
-k|:t't k|ltj]bg ut dlxgf cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]z dGqL lqmli6gf /f]Ssf $
lbg] g]kfn e|d0fdf cfPsf] bf}/fgdf zfxL ;]gfn] a'emfPsf] xf] .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] b/af/ xTofsf08b]lv nuftf/ ?kdf zfxL ;]gfsf] rl/q
k"/} cd]l/sL bnfnLdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 eGb} cfPsf] ljZn]if0fnfO{ tnsf]
k|ltj]bgn] c? k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . cGo d'n'ssf] dGqLnfO{ ;]gfh:tf] ;+j]bgzLn
c¨sf] x]8Sjf6{/df nu]/ la|lkmª u/]af6 zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] /f]sfsf] xb} bhf{sf]
bnfnL u/]sf] ;d]t k|i6 ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL ;|f]taf6 k|fKt c“u|]hL efiffsf]
k|ltj]bg xfdLn] cg'jfb u/L h:tfsf] t:t} k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ . ;+=_
zfxL
g]kfnL ;]gfåf/f ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsL ;xfos ljb]z dGqL lqmli6gf /f]sf;dIf
k|:t't ;+lIfKt k|ltj]bg
!=
dxfdlxd ;xfos ljb]z dGqLHo", dxfdlxd /fhb"t tyf e|d0f–bnsf cGo ;b:ox?
†
@=
zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Military Operations sf] dxflgb]{zssf x}l;otn] tkfO{+x?
;a}nfO{ ;}lgs x]8Sjf6{/df k'gM Psk6s :jfut ug{ rfxG5' . o; ljz]if cj;/df
tkfO{+x?;dIf lgDg ljifox?df ;+lIfKt k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ rfxG5' .
)
zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Ps ;dLIff
)
g]kfndf jt{dfg dfcf]jfbL l:ylt
)
>L % sf] ;/sf/ / ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] /0fgLlt
)
o'lgkmfO8 sdf08s]f cjwf/0ff
)
gful/s, zflGt / ljsf; kl/rfng
)
lg/:qLs/0f, ultljlw lgoGq0f / PsLs/0f
)
dfgj clwsf/sf] l:ylt /
) cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] ;xof]usf nflu
dxTjk"0f{
If]qx?
zfxL
g]kfnL ;]gf
. pkTosf
l8ljhgn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] ;'/Iffl:yltsf] /]vb]v ub{5 . xfd|f] ;+u7gsf]
Pp6f gf}nf] ljz]iftf s] xf] eg] o;df :yn la|u]8sf] k|ToIf sdf08df :jtGq ;z:q (Rifle) sDkgLx? /x]sf 5g\ h;n] e"uf]n, sfo{gLlt /
sdf08 Pjd\ lgoGq0f k|lqmofsf] oyfy{nfO{ cleJoQm ub{5g\ . To;}u/L,
7"nf] If]qdf /x]sf /fOkmn sDkgLx? ;dfj]z u/L Ps :yn a6flnog t}gfy ug{
;lsG5 . xfn zf=g]=;]=sf] s"n ;+Vof &@,))) /x]sf] 5 . / g]kfn
k|x/L tyf ;z:q k|x/L ann] dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xL Pjd\ cft+ssf/L ultljlwsf lj?4
;+o'Qm ?kdf sfjf{xL ul//x]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x
$=
k[i7e"ld – g]kfndf sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng ;g\ !(%$ b]lv ;'? eof] . To;
a]nfb]lv g} of] cfGbf]ng cg]s ;d"xx?df km'6\g] / km]l/ h'6\g] ub}{ cfPsf]
5 . !(&)–&@ lt/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfn]_ åf/f g]kfnsf]
k"jL{ efudf ægS;njf8L cfGbf]ngÆ gfds lx+;fTds cfGbf]ng ;~rfng ul/Psf]
lyof] h;nfO{ bdg ul/Psf] lyof] . !(()–(! df afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] g]t[Tjdf
/x]sf] ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ gfds Pp6f sDo'lg:6 ;d"xn] r'gfj n8]sf] lyof] /
;+;bdf ( ;L6 lht]sf] lyof] . !((^ df pQm kf6L{sf] Pp6f c;Gt'i6 ;d"xn]
c? cGo qmflGtsf/L ;d"x?;“u ldn]/ ;/sf/;dIf $)–a'“b] dfux? k|:t't u/]sf]
lyof] . Tolta]nf ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] . pQm ;d"xn] ;/sf/åf/f cfkm"nfO{ a]jf:tf ul/Psf] dx;';
u/]sf] x'gfn] ljBdfg /fhg}lts Joj:yfnfO{ Wj:t ug{ tyfslyt hgo'4 3f]if0ff
u¥of] . To;a]nfb]lv g} dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xsf * jif{x? ;a} g]kfnL hgtfsf nflu
uDeL/ rf;f]sf] ljifo ag]sf 5g\ . oL * jif{df ;'/Iffkmf}h nufot !),)))
JolQmx? dfl/O;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] ljsf;sf y'k|} k"jf{wf/x? gi6 u/]sf
5g\ / u|fdL0f If]qsf clwsf+z phf{zLn o'jfx? b]zaf6} knfog eO/x]sf 5g\ .
;'/Iff l:yltsf sf/0f clwsf+z ;fdflhs–cfly{s ljsf; 7x/fjsf] l:yltdf k'u]sf]
5 .
%=
dfcf]jfbLx? k|yd k6s cu:6 @))! df zflGt jftf{sf nflu cfPsf lyP . t/
pgLx?n] gf]j]Da/ @))! df PskIfLo ?kaf6 jftf{ e¨ u/] / pgLx?n] kmf}hL Aof/]sdf
klxnf]k6s cfqmd0f u/] h;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k ;/sf/n] ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff / ;]gf kl/rfng
ug'{k¥of] . lg/Gt/ kmf}hL, /fhg}lts / cGt/f{li6«o bafjkl5 dfcf]jfbLn] @(
hgj/L @))# df k'gM o'4lj/fd 3f]if0ff u/] / tLg r/0f;Dd zflGt jftf{df efu
lnP . To;kl5 ltgLx?n] km]l/ @& cu:6 @))# df jftf{ e¨ u/] . clxn]
ltgLx?n] cfkm\gf lx+;fTds ultljlwx? k'gM ;'? u/]sf 5g\ h;df jl/i7 /fhg}lts Pjd\
;'/Iff clwsf/Lx? / cGo ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx? kb{5g\ . klZrd g]kfnsf b'O{ ;z:q
k|x/L ansf cfwf/x?df xfn} ePsf] c;kmn dfcf]jfbL cfqmd0fn], h;df pgLx?sf] ef/L
Iflt ePsf] lyof], pgLx?nfO{ uDeL/ wSsf lbPsf] dflgPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf]
;+u7gnfO{ k'gu{l7t Pjd\ ;'b[9 ug]{ p2]Zon] dfcf]jfbL ;'lk|df] k|r08n] xfn;fn}
Ps jQmJo hf/L ub}{ hgtf / ;'/Iffkmf}hsf tNnf] bhf{sf JolQmx?sf] ;xfg'e"lt
k|fKt ug]{ k|of; u/]sf 5g\ .
^=
o'4lj/fdsf] cjlwdf klg dfcf]jfbLn] hah{:tL rGbf p7fpg], ckx/0f, ;'/IffsdL{ Pjd\
gful/sx?sf] xTof h:tf ultljlwx? lg/Gt/ hf/L /fv] . ltgLx?n] cfkm\gf lgDg
p2]Zox? k|fKt ug{ pQm cjlwnfO{ Jofks ?kdf k|of]u u/]–
-s_
cfkm\gf ;Demf}tfxLg dfux? k|:t't ug]{,
-v_
cfkm\gf h]n k/]sf clwstd\ sfo{stf{x?nfO{ l/xf ug{ zt{x? /fVg]
-u_
gful/s ;dfh, /fhg}lts kf6L{x? / Jofks hgtfnfO{ k|efljt kfg{ cGtlqm{of
ug]{ . To;sf] ;fy}, ltgLx?n] jfdkGyL a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf
jsfnt ug{ nufpg ;kmn eP .
-3_
oyfzSo o'4–;fdu|Lx? ;+sng ug]{, afnl;kfxLnufot clwstd\ ;+Vofdf 5fkfdf/x? elt{
ug]{ / ltgnfO{ tflnd lbg] tyf cfkm\gf] ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug]{
-ª_
cfkm\g} kf6L{åf/f hg;ef, k|bz{g, h'n'z cflb cfof]hgf ug]{ jf c? kf6L{ jf
;d"xn] u/]sf sfo{qmdx?df efu lng] ====
-r_
cfkm\gf] 5ljdf nfu]sf] bfu x6fpg / /fi6«sf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf cGt/f{li6«o
dWo:ytf /f]Sgsf nflu ljb]zL s'6gLltsx?;“u e]63f6 ug]{ .
-5_
vf;u/L cd]l/sf / a]nfotåf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] afx\o ;xof]u /f]Sgsf nflu bafj
lbg] . o;;DaGwdf xfn} ltgLx?n] g]kfndf cd]l/sfåf/f ;xof]udf ;~rfng x'g]
sfo{qmdx? aGb]h nufpg] s'/f hgfPsf 5g\ .
-h_
pRr txsf ;}lgs / k|x/L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;Dks{ ug]{ / k|efj kfg]{ tfls ltgLx?
eljiodf pkof]uL x'g ;s"g\ .
-&_
ljb]zL s'6gLlt1x?af6 ;xof]u k|fKt ug{], cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u /f]Sg] / pRr txsf
;'/IffsdL{x?nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ afx]s dfly pNn]lvt cGo ;a} p2]Zodf dfcf]jfbLx?
;kmn eP .
*=
jt{dfg dfcf]jfbL ultljlwx?
dfcf]jfbL cft+ssf/Lx?n] xfn lgDg ultljlwx? ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\–
-s_
;/sf/L / gful/s ;DklQx?sf] tf]8kmf]8
-v_
;'/Iffkmf}h, /fhg}lts / cGo pRrkb:y clwsf/Lx?sf] xTof
-u_
zx/L cft+sjfb -tyfslyt zx/L 5fkfdf/ o'4_
-3_
hah{:tL rGbf c;'nL
-ª_
sdhf]/ lgzfgfx?dfly cfqmd0f -sd b/aGbL ePsf k|x/L rf}sL, r]s KjfOG6_
-r_
PDa'; -t/fO{ If]qdf Ps}k6s !%) b]lv #)) ;Dd PDa'; ul/Psf] s'/f ltgLx?n] atfPsf
5g\_
-5_
tyfslyt ljs]lGb|t sfjf{xLx? ug'{ / s]Gb|Lo sfjf{xLsf nflu ;'b[9 agfpg' .
dfcf]jfbLx?sf]
jt{dfg /0fgLlt
(=
gu/ / zx/x? 3]b}{ cGttM sf7df8f}+ pkTosf 3]g{sf nflu u|fdL0f If]qx?df cfwf/
Onfsfsf] :yfkgf . o;sf nflu pgLx?n] t/fO{ If]qdf PDa'; / cGo cft+ssf/L
ultljlwx? ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ / cfkm\gf] ;+u7gnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{5g\ .
!)=
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;DefJo efjL of]hgf (game plan)
lgDgadf]lhd x'g ;S5–
(i)
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\ ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ jf zlQm xfl;n
ug]{ / % jif{sf nflu ;/sf/ rnfpg]
(ii) %
jif{kl5 ;+ljwfg ;ef ;~rfng ug]{ / r'gfj n8\g]
(iii) !)
jif{sf] cjlwdf tyfslyt hg;]gfsf 5l/Psf ;a} sfo{stf{ / dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?nfO{
;+ul7t / s]lGb|t ug]{
(iv)
/fhg}lts / kmf}hL b'a} df]rf{x?df zlQm ;'b[9 u/]kl5 ;'/Iffkmf}hnfO{ v'nf
r'gf}tL lbg]
(v) ;fy}
hgjfbL qmflGtsf nflu klg df]rf{x? u7g ug]{
(vi)
tyfslyt
hg;]gfsf s]xL tTjx? h¨nd} /xg]5g\ eg] kf6L{n] cfkm"nfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{5
!!=
hxf“;Dd /fhg}lts kl/b[Zosf] s'/f 5, o;df % dxTjk"0f{ ;~rfnsx? ;dflji6
/x]sf 5g\–
(ii)
t/
dfcf]jfbLx? eg] cGo kf6L{x?sf] ;xof]un] ;+3if{ hf/L /fVg ;Demf}tf÷;+3if{sf]
cfkm\gf] /0fgLlt cl3 a9fpg / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] nflu cl3 a9\g rfxG5g\ .
(iii)
k|d'v /fhg}lts bnx? dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ rfx“b}gg\ lsgls To;af6 ltgLx?sf]
cl:tTj / zlQm vt/fdf kg]{5 . ltgLx? cfkm\gf clwsf/x?nfO{ ;/sf/n] hkmt
u¥of] eGg] ;f]Rb5g\ / ;bg k'g:yf{lkt xf];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ . o;sf nflu
ltgLx?n] cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf 5g\ / ev{/} gof" dfux? yk]sf 5g\ .
(iv)
Jofks gful/s ;dfh zflGt / l:y/tf rfxG5 .
(v)
cGtdf, cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo ;+ljwfgcg';f/ åGåsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg rfxG5 /
g]kfndf zflGt–lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug{ rfxG5g .
!@=
xfn g]kfn ;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh / cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo Ps} hfnf]df /x]sf
b]lvG5g\ .
!#=
d lgDg d"Nofª\sg k|:t't ug{ rfxG5'–
-s_
oBlk dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] lj/f]w gug]{ ;+s]t b]vfPsf 5g\ tyflk
ltgsf ultljlwx? / pRr txsf] g]t[Tjsf egfOx? tbg'?k b]lvGgg\ .
-v_
/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o bafjn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Pp6f ;'/lIft cjt/0fsf nflu afWo
kf/]sf] lyof] t/ ltgLx?sf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cfkm\gf] cf}lrToxLg dfusf sf/0f of]
;kmn x'g ;s]g .
-u_
dfcf]jfbL ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cfkm\gf] dfuaf6 x6\g] l:yltdf b]lvPsf] 5}g eg] >L %
sf] ;/sf/ pQm dfu :jLsf/ ug]{ l:yltdf 5}g .
-3_
dfcf]jfbLsf jt{dfg /0fgLlt / ;+u7g nf]stflGqs /fhg}lts Joj:yf, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq
/ b]zsf nflu lg/Gt/ vt/f eO/xg] tYonfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] s]xL nrstfn] c:jLsf/
ub}{g .
-ª_
dfcf]jfbLsf] /fhg}lts / kmf}hL IfdtfnfO{ k"0f{tof sdhf]/ kf/]kl5 dfq
;/sf/n] pgLx?nfO{ ;'/lIft cjt/0f lbg'kb{5 .
-r_
xfn ;/sf/sf] ljZj;gLotf k|bz{g ug]{ Psdfq pkfo eg]sf] hgf]Gd'v / k|efjsf/L
;'zf;g lbg'sf ;fy} ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / To;sf] k|efjsf/L kl/rfng
xf] .
!$=
>L % sf] ;/sf/, g]kfn o; ljifonfO{ xd];f ank|of]u eGbf /fhg}lts dfWodaf6
;dfwfg ug{ pBt\ /x]sf] 5 h'g s'/f dfcf]jfbL cfkm}df lge{/ ub{5 .
>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] /0fgLlt
!%=
dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/, g]kfnn] cfly{s, ;"rgf
/ s'6g}lts ultljlwx?nfO{ ;d]6\5 . of] /0fgLlt …gful/s–;}Go /fli6«o cleofg
of]hgfÚ sf] ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . o; …of]hgfÚ sf /0fg}lts p2]Zox? b]xfoadf]lhd
5g\–
-s_
dfcf]jfbL ;}Go IfdtfnfO{ lg?T;flxt kfg]{ / k/f:t ug]{
-v_
ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ .
-u_
:yfgLo / dxflgjf{rg cfof]hgf ug{sf nflu cg's"n ;'/lIft jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{
-3_
k|efjsf/L ;'zf;gsf nflu gLlt / sfo{qmdx? nfu" ug]{ .
gf=;+=/f=c=of]= sf] /0fgLlt
!^=
…gful/s–;}Go /fli6«o cleofg of]hgfÚ sf /0fgLltx?–
)
lx+;f / cft+sjfb /f]Sg] p2]Zon] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ lg/:q ug{sf nflu ltgLx?sf lj?4
lg/Gt/ sf/jfxL ;~rfng ug]{
)
dfcf]jfbLx?sf] ;}GoIfdtf lgs} 36]kl5 jf ltgLx?n] jt{dfg ;+ljwfgnfO{ dfGg ;xdt
ePdf dfq ltgLx?;"u ;Demf}tf ug]{
)
/fhtGqsf] ljZj;gLotf a[l4 ug]{
)
lgZkIf / k|efjsf/L ;'zf;g lbg]
)
cGo /fhg}lts bnx?sf] ;dy{g / ;xof]u lg/Gt/ vf]Hg]
)
gful/sx?sf] cf:yf / ;dy{g lg/Gt/ vf]Hg]
)
lg/:qLs/0f, lgoGq0f, PsLs/0f
)
cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh / ;+rf/dfWodx?sf] ;dy{g / ;xof]u lg/Gt/ k|fKt
ug]{ .
;'/Iffsf] cjwf/0ff
!^=
…gful/s–;}Go /fli6«o cleofg of]hgfÚ sf] ;'/Iff;DaGwL cjwf/0ff–
)
gful/s;}Go /fli6«o cleofg of]hgf dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xlj?4 xfd|f] /0fgLltsf] cfwf/
x'g]5 .
)
;'/Iffkmf}hnfO{ …PsLs[t sdf08 cjwf/0ffÚ cg'?k kl/rfng ug]{
)
;'/Iff cfwf/x?nfO{ k'g:yf{lkt Pjd\ ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ jf /fhg}lts / ef}uf]lns
jf:tljstfx?nfO{ /0fg}lts ?kn] k|:t't ug]{
)
;'/Iffkmf}hsf] zlQm a[l4 ug]{ tyf To;nfO{ xltof/o'Qm agfpg]
)
u'Ktr/ k4ltnfO{ a9fpg]
)
k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf …gful/s zflGt tyf ljsf; kl/rfng ;ldltÚ u7g ug]{ .
…gf=;}=/f=c=of]=Ú sf] clGtd nIo
!*=
…gf=;}=/f=c=of]=Ú sf] clGtd nIo /0fg}lts txdf ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs
/fhtGqcGtu{t bL3{sfnLg zflGt–;'/Iff / sfjf{xLsf] txdf dfcf]jfbL ;}Go IfdtfnfO{
k/f:t ug'{ xf] .
dfcf]jfbLsf] clGtd nIo
!(=
dfcf]jfbLsf] /0fg}lts clGtd nIo u0ftGq Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf ug'{ / sfjf{xLsf] txdf
tyfslyt hg;]gfsf] :yfkgf ug'{ xf] .
u'?Tjfsif{0f s]Gb|
@)=
…cleofg of]hgfÚ df >L % sf] ;/sf/, g]kfnsf] u'?Tjfsif{0f s]Gb| lgDgfg';f/
ls6fg ul/Psf] 5–
– /0fg}lts tx – hg;dy{g
– sfjf{xL tx – kmf}hL Ifdtf
@!=
…cleofg of]hgfÚ df dfcf]jfbLsf] u'?Tjfsif{0f s]Gb| lgDgfg';f/ lgwf{l/t ul/Psf]
5–
–
/0fg}lts tx – /fhg}lts / kmf}hL sdf08 Pjd\ lgoGq0f
–
sfjf{xL tx – kmf}hL Ifdtf
@@=
dfcf]jfbL
ljb|f]x;“u n8\gsf nflu …cleofg of]hgfÚ df ;+of]lht tyf Jojl:yt ul/Psf
cfwf/e"t tTjx?–
)
/fHosf] /fhg}lts l:ylt
)
cfkm\g} u'?Tjfsif{0f s]Gb|sf] ;+/If0f
)
/0fg}lts ;"rgf cleofg