8f]6L lhNnfsf] 306]Zj/ ufh;df kg]{ xu'N6]n]sdf ePsf] hgof]4f / zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfaLr ePsf] bf]xf]/f] eL8Gtdf rf/ zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' / ;ft uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf] s'/f k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;|f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 .

;'b'/klZrdf~rnsf c5fd, aemfª, a}t8L / 88]Nw'/fdf k"/} cfjfudg g} aGb ePsf] s'/f k'/fgf] ;Qf ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbL klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08 sfof{no;“u o;af/] a'em\g ;Dks{ ubf{ o; ;dfrf/nfO{ cfkm"x?n] a'lem/x]sf] / k|dfl0ft ;"rgf cfOg;s]sf] atfOof] .

d'u'df hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf] ;dfkg

d'u'÷ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08sf] cfof]hgfdf e]s If]qsf] d'u'df ;~rflnt hgk|lt/f]w cleofg xfn} ;dLIff;lxt ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

pQm sfo{qmddf d'u' lhNnfsf ;]qm]6/L s= ljd'vn] eGg' eof]– æqmflGtsf/Lx? hlxn] klg x/]s sfd–s'/fx?sf] cg'udg, lg/LIf0f ug]{ ub{5g\ . To;sf/0f xfdL PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf] ;dLIff sfo{qmddf xfd|f ;d:of, Iflt pknlAwsf sfd s'/fx?sf] g} cg'udg ug]{ 5f}+ . oL sfd s'/fsf] ;d:of b]lvPdf kf7 l;s]/ ;dfwfgsf] af6f] nfUg' k5{ . pknlAwx? 5g\ eg] gof“ sfo{of]hgfsf] lglDt tlD;g' kb{5 .Æ

lhNnfsf # j6f sdf08df /x]sf 6f]nL k|d'vx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] sdf08df eP u/]sf / af“sL /x]sf ;d:of nufot ;Defjgfsf ljifox?df s'/f p7fp“b} l/kf]6{ k|:t't u/]sf lyP . h;df qmdzM !, @ / # sf 6f]nL k|d'v s= k|HHjn, s= sf}zn / s= Dx]jf/ lyP .

If]qLo cleofg k|ltlglwx? -lzIfs, ljBfyL{, dlxnf / blnt_n] ;dLIffdf ;d:ofx? bzf{p“b} cfkm"leqsf sdhf]/Lx? / cleofg leq /x]sf sdhf]/Lx? b;f{p“b} lzIffd"ns dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . cleofg 6f]nL k|d'v s= o'4n] eg] – æ;kmntfaf6 lzIff lng' / c;kmntfaf6 kf7 l;Sg' qmflGtsf] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL lgod xf] .Æ

;dLIffdf :jfut dGtJo s= k|HHjnn] /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . ljbfO sfo{qmddf /f/f hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] ljbfO uLt k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .

cGtdf 6f]nL k|d'v s= o'4n] eGg' eof] – æljbfO eg]sf] :jfutsf] csf]{ ?k xf], eg] ljbfO klg ldngsf] csf]{ ?k xf] .Æ o:t}u/L sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf If]qLo ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ z]–kmf]Sz'08f]sf snfsdL{ sd/]8x?åf/f k|:t't efjljx\jn uLtx?n] ljbfOsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ /f]rs / uDeL/ agfPsf] lyof] .

clt ljs6 / cr]t a:tL d'u'df PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgn] w]/} pknlAwx? xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . oxf“sf h=j=;= x? kf6L{, ;+u7g, hg;Qf dha't ag]sf 5g\ . cleofg cjlwdf @)) eGbf a9L sfo{stf{x?n] k"0f{sfnLg ;b:osf] lglDt /ftf] 6Lsf nufPsf 5g\ . of] cj:yfn] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf e/f}6] zfxL ;]gf÷k|x/L cfkm\gf] SofDkdf s}bsf] hLjg ljtfO/fv]sf 5g\ .

l;tn If]qL

hg;f“:s[lts ;+3sf] e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qLo e]nf ;DkGg

hfh/sf]6÷ clvn g]kfn hg;f+:s[lts ;+3, e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qLo ;ldltsf] e]nf oxL kf}if * b]lv !! ut];Dd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo dxf;lrj 8f= Clif/fh a/fnåf/f pb\3fl6t ;f] e]nfnfO{ ;+3sf dxf;lrj nufot jl/i7 ;f“:s[ltssdL{ tyf ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ v'zL/fd kflv|gn] j}rfl/s tyf k|fljlws k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf dlxnf, blnt, ls;fg, ljBfyL{, df]rf{sf k|ltlglwn] z'esfdgf lbg'sf ;fy} jl/i7 snfsf/ v'zL/fd kflv|gn] klg z'esfdgf lbg' ePsf] lyof] .

;+3sf lgjt{dfg ;+of]hs u0f]z e08f/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtAo afnf/fd ;'gf/n] lbg' ePsf] lyof] . uLt, g[Tosf] l:ylt nufot l;Ëf] ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] d"NofÍg ub}{ cfkm\gf] pb\3f6g dGtAodf 8f= a/fnn] o'4sf] p“rfO ;“u–;“u} ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ngnfO{ pRrtf k|bfg ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] . j}rfl/s÷k|fljlws tyf cGtlqm{ofTds k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf ^ j6f zLif{sdf k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkgdf ;f] e]nfnfO{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf e]/L–s0ff{nL O~rfh{ s= ;'/]z l;+xn] klg ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] qmddf pxf“n] æefjL hgljb|f]xdf n]vs–snfsf/n] cfkm\gf] e"ldsfnfO{ yk ;zQm agfpg kg]{Æ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' eof] . ;f] e]nfnfO{ ;f] kf6L{sf If]=Ao"= ;b:o /fx'nn] klg ;Daf]wg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

ljleGg lsl;dsf gf/f / p4/0fn] ;hfOPsf] / ;+3sf] em08fn] /ft} kfl/Psf] ;f] e]nfnfO{ ljleGg snfsf/ kl/jf/x?sf] /f]rs k|:t'ltn] yk cfsif{s agfPsf] lyof] . e]nfn] g/]Gb|hË lk6/sf] cWoIftfdf !( ;b:oLo If]qLo ;ldlt u7g u¥of] . h;sf] pkfWoIfdf afnf/fd ;'gf/ /xg'sf ;fy} ;b:ox?df /fdbLk cfrfo{, lji0f' lj=s=, s0f{hLt a'9f, nlntaxfb'/ l;+x, 9SsL /fgf, b]jL/fd b]jsf]6f, k'hf bnf{dL, ef]h/fh lqkf7L, ?k]Gb| >]i7, sn5dfgf /fgf, /fdnfn lj=s=, bfgl;+x ;'gf/, dfgaxfb'/ rnfpg] /x]sf 5g\ .

e]nfn] e]s ;f“:s[lts ;+udsf] ;§f cleofg ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ gfdsf ljb|f]x If]q / cfwf/ If]qnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/L b'O{j6f If]qLo:t/sf ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ klg u7g u/]sf] 5 . e]nfn] ljleGg /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o k|:tfjx? kfl/t ug'{sf ;fy} cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx? klg to u/]sf] 5 . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] x:tIf]ksf] tLa| lgGbf tyf eT;{gf ub}{ e]nfn] k|ultjfbL syfsf/ tyf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o s= ;L=kL uh'/]nsf] l/xfOsf] dfu u/]sf] 5 . pb\3f]if gfdsf] rf}dfl;s klqsf k|sfzg ug'{sf ;fy} zxLb–ufyf k|sflzt ug]{ lg0f{o klg e]nfn] u/]sf] 5 . If]qsf !! j6f kl/jf/ tyf gf} lhNnfsf k|ltlglw–ko{j]IFs u/L !%) hgf hlt pkl:yt ;f] e]nfn] ;f“:s[ltssdL{x?df gof“ pT;fx / k|lta4tf yk]sf] s'/f ;xefuLn] hgfPsf 5g\ .

n8\g gdfg]kl5 ;]gfsf] abnL

8f]6L÷ hgtfsf] dxf;fu/df /x]sf] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf s= k|r08sf] vf]hL ug{ / kqmfp ug]{ lbjf;kgf b]Vb} cfPsf] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] o'lgkmfO8 sdf08sf] s/La @ xhf/ hgf kmf];{ hgd'lQm ;]gf / hgtfsf] k|lt/f]waf6 xf/ vfg k'u]sf] 5 . slyt o'lgkmfO8 ;'/Iff kmf}h s}nfnLsf] kxf8L e]u kf08f}g, lgunLtkm{ nfu]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;'v]{t, 8f]6L, wgu9L, c5fd tkm{af6 cfPsf zfxL ;]gfsf] hTyfn] hgtfsf ;fdfgx? n'6\b} cufl8 a9]sf] lyof] . cufl8 a9\g] qmddf xTof/f] ;]gfnfO{ w]/} 7fp“df hgtfsf] k|lt/f]wsf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] . hgtfn] slyt zfxL ;'/Iff kmf}hnfO{ s;/L nv]6\g] eg]/ cfk;df 5nkmn u/]sf lyP .

kmfol/ªåf/f hgtfsf] k|lt/f]w M

o;/L 7fp“7fp“af6 ufp“df k:g vf]Hg] slyt ;'/Iff kmf}hnfO{ ;'b'/ klZrdsf s}nfnL / 8f]6Lsf] a5]{gf, r'Ds'sf“8f, dfgfsfk|L, 3fun, u8z]/f, lg/f}nL cflb 7fp“df hgd'lQm ;]gf / hgtfn] kmfol/ª u/]sf lyP . To;/L g} gf/f h'n';, dzfn h'n';, 9'Ëfd'9f u/L slyt ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] k|ltsf/ u/]sf lyP .

;ft lbg leq 3/ g5f]8] ufp“ Wj:t M

o;/L cWoIf s= k|r08sf] vf]hL ug{ egL s}nfnL / c5fdaf6 uPsf] o'lgkmfO8 sdf08sf] %)) hgfsf] kmf];{ s}nfnL lhNnfsf] kf08f}g uf=h=;=sf] vLd9Ldf d+l;/ !^ ut] k'u]sf] lyof] . pQm kmf}hnfO{ hg;]gfsf] Ps 6's'8Ln] cfqmd0f u/L pgLx?nfO{ xfonsfon kf/]sf] lyof] . ;f] le8Gtdf o'lgkmfO8 sdf08sf @% hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] bh{gf}+ 3fOt] ePsf lyP . ;f] le8Gtdf hg;]gf;“u g;s]/ hgtfsf rf}kfonfO{ dfg]{ sfd zfxL kmf}hn] u¥of] . To:t} hg;]gf;“u xf/ vfPkl5 ef]lnkN6 zfxL ;]gfsf] csf]{ 6f]nL ufp“df k;L hgtfnfO{ df/kL6 ug]{ sfd u¥of] . ;f] s'6lk6df :yfgLo e[s'6L df=lj= sf # hgf lzIfs lbnaxfb'/ /f0ff, ehgaxfb'/ lt?jf, lji0f'axfb'/ du/ / ljBfyL{x? k/]sf lyP . To;}u/L x]Nykf]i6sf sd{rf/L /fdl;+x af]x/f klg s'l6Psf lyP . cGTodf s]xL gnfuL …xfdL & lbgkl5 ufp“ k:5f}+ / & lbgdf 3/ g5f]8]df ufp“ g} Wj:t kfl/lbG5f}+Ú eGb} o'lgkmfO8 sdf08 Toxf“af6 efu]sf] lyof] . ;f] wDsLkl5 ufp“n]x? cfkm\gf 3/ 5f]8]/ h+unsf] af; a:g k'u] eg] sf]xL cfkmGtsf] 3/df k'u] . t/, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{ / hg;]gfsf] kxndf ;f] 36gfkl5 hgtf;“u e]63f6 u/L ;'/Iff cfkm"n] lbg] k|lta4tf ub}{ 3/ g5f]8\g hgtfnfO{ eg]sf lyP . To;kl5 ufp“n]x? cfkm\gf] 3/df kmls{/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ dfcf]jfbLaf6 ;Demfpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .

o'lgkmfO8 sdf08sf] o'lgkmfO8 bf}8 M

s= k|r08sf] vf]hL ug]{ egL cfPsf] o'lgkmfO8 sdf08n] ufp“sf hgtfnfO{ wDsfpg] dfq u/]g, ;j{;fwf/0fsf] xTof;Dd ug{ k'Uof] . Pshgf cfkm\gf ;;'/fsf] vf]hLdf cfPsf :yfgLojf;Lsf]] kqmfpkl5 ;'/Iff kmf}hn] xTof u/]sf] lyof] . d+l;/ !^ ut] lvd8Ldf ePsf] hg;]gfsf] cfqmd0faf6 o'lgkmfO8 sdf08n] 7"nf] k/fho ef]Ug'k¥of] . ;f] qmddf pgLx?sf] efubf}8 rNof] . le8Gtkl5 zfxL ;]gfsf hjfgx? cfkm\gf abL{ km'sfn]/ xltof/ km\of“sL 7"nLuf8 / s0ff{nLsf] tL/}tL/ efu]sf] Toxf“sf k|ToIfbzL{n] atfP . cGo ;fdu|L, xltof/, uf]nLx? cem};Dd e]l6/x]sf 5g\ . e]l6Psf uf]nLx? hgtfn] hg;]gffO{ a'emfO/x]sf 5g\ . To:t} pgLx?sf algofg, ;6{, 6«fph/x? klg cem} v]tsf cfnLdf kmflnPsf] cj:yfdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . Toxf“ vfgf ksfpg] r'nf]sf ;fdfg, cf}iflwsf a§f, AofG8]h / pgLx? n's]sf] 3/df cem}+ /utsf 6f6f b]Vg ;lsG5 . o;/L o'lgkmfO8 sdf08n] o'lgkmfO8 bf}8 ;'? u/]kl5 Toxf“ ePsf 3fOt]x?nfO{ x]lnsK6/af6 p4f/ u/]sf] lyof] .

le8Gtaf6 xf/ vfP/ /GylgPsf] slyt o'lgkmfO8 sdf08n] ufp“df k;]/ hgtfsf] k;n n'6\g'sf] ;fy} 3/df /s]6 nGr/ xfg]/ Wj:t kfl/lbPsf] b[Zo oxf“ cem} b]Vg ;lsG5 .

Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ o'lgkmfO8 sdf08n] nHhf:kb xf/ vfgk/]kl5 ;'b"/klZrdsf zfxL ;]gfnfO{ sf7df8f}+lt/ k7fOPsf] 5 . pgLx?n] cab]lv ufp“df cfkm"x? k:g g;Sg] / n8\g ghfg] c8\8L lnPkl5 km]/jbn u/]sf] zfxL ;]gfsf] >f]tn] atfof] . clxn] s}nfnL lhNnfsf] ;'/Iff kmf}hnfO{ sf7df8f}+ nlu+b}5 eg] Toxf“ sf7df8f}+af6 c?nfO{ NofOPsf] 5 .

uf]kfn lu/LnfO{ ;kmfof

dfcf]jfbLnfO{ l;Wofpg ul7t k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:o uf]kfn lu/LnfO{ k;f{ lhNnfsf] u08s eGg] 7fp“df hgof]4fn] ;kmfof ul/lbPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . lu/L xfn} jL/u~h pkgu/ kflnsfsf] k|d'vdf klg lgo'Qm ePsf] lyof] .

af/f lhNnfsf] lghu9df df3 $ ut] snfd vfg gfdsf] b/af/ ;+/lIft gfd'b 8fsfnfO{ hgof]4fn] ;kmfof u/]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 .

To;}u/L kf}if #) ut] k;f{ lhNnfsf] csf{] b/af/ ;+/lIft 8fsf vlng ldofnfO{ klg hgof]4fn] ;kmfof ul/lbPsf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLsf] ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08 sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .

blnt df]rf{åf/f ljz]if IF]q aGbsf] 3f]if0ff

g]kfnu~h÷k'/fgf] kmf;LjfbL ;Qfsf lj?4 e}/fv]sf] rf}tkmL{ k|xf/nfO{ c? lta| agfpg g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{n] df3 @% ut] ljz]if If]q aGbsf] cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 . kmfl;jfbL ;Qfn] u/]sf] xTof, cft+s, cfuhgL, n'6sf lj?4 k|lt/f]w ug{ cfof]lht ;f] aGbsf qmddf ljleGg s[ofTds sfo{qmd klg /flvPsf 5g\ .

aGbnfO{ ;zQm agfpg df3 !! b]lv @! ;Dd k|rf/sf sfo{qmd /flvPsf 5g\ . oL sfo{qmdnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ljz]if If]qdf k|rf/sf sfo{qmd z'? e};s]sf 5g\ . blnt df]rf{n] aGbnfO{ h'emf? agfpg cf}hf/ k|b{zg, dzfn h'n';, bf}8 h'n'; / ljikmf]6g h:tf sfo{qmd klg agfPsf] 5 . aGbs} k"j{ ;GWofdf @@ df3 b]lv @$ df3 ;Dd ;fdGt / hldGbf/sf hUuf sAhf ug]{ sfo{qmd klg /flvPsf 5g\ .

hgo'4 z'? eP otf ljz]if If]qdf dfq b'O{ ;o hgf eGbf a9L blntn] pRr ;xfbt k|fKt ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

:d/0fLo 5, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ljz]if If]qn] k'; @! ut] cfXjfg u/]sf] /fKtL IF]q aGb ce"tk"j{ ?kdf ;kmn ePsf] lyof] .

hgcbfntaf6 dfq hgtfnfO{ ;xL Gofo

sflnsf]6÷ ut >fj0f !* ut] k7fg] bhL{sf] kTgL nfn;/f bhL{n] cfkm\g} 3/ sfnLsf]6sf] dfnsf]6df kf;f] nufP/ cfTdxTof ul/g\ . efb| !* ut] sfnLsf]6 nfn' sdL{ uf=h=;= sf /gaxfb'/ af]x/fn] cfkm\gL >LdtL sf“;k'/f a6fnf;“u ;DaGwljR5]b u/] . To:t} s}nf;L aflnofsf h;L s'dfnn] cfkm\gf] >LdtL x'“bfx'“b} r/0ff s'dfn;“u csf]{ ljjfx u/] .

oL dflysf 36gfx? sfnLsf]6 lhNnfsf x'g\ . ;dfhdf x'g] o:tf lqmofsnfkaf6 hgtfn] d'2f n8\g Ps lbgsf] af6f] lx+8]/ ca k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;b/d'sfd dfGd wfpg kb}{g . d'2f rnfpg k|lt lgj]bg b:t'/ kf“r ;o ?k}of“ klg ltg'{ kb}{g . ;dfhdf 36\g] o:tf lsl;dsf 36gfx? cGofo k/]sfnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg / 36gfsf] 5fgljg u/L bf]ifLnfO{ sfjf{xL ug{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;]tL–dxfsfnL If]qLo Ao"/f]cGt{ut sfnLsf]6±afh'/f lhNnfdf hg–cbfnt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . h;n] hgtfsf kL/dsf{nfO{ a'em\b} cGofo k/]sfnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg] sfdsf] z'?jft u/]sf] 5 .

cfkm"nfO{ dsf{ kbf{ hgwg / ;dosf] vr{ u/L ;b/d'sfd hfg kg]{ k'/fgf] Gofok|0ffnLnfO{ lj:yflkt ub}{ gof“ ;Qfsf] gof“ Gofok|0ffnLaf6 hgtfn] cfkm\g} 3/cf“ugdf Gofo kfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . o:tf d'2f x]g{sf nflu sfnLsf]6df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] gof“ ;Qfåf/f ;~rflnt hg–cbfntdf lhNnfdf # j6f sdfg :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . h;df lhNnfsf GofofwLz ;DalGwt If]qdf uO{ hgtf;“u k|ToIf ;fIfL aofg lng] / ;f]xL 7fp“df g} d'2f l5Gg] sfd ul/Psf] s'/f lhNnf GofofwLz 8fod08n] atfpg' eof] . cg';Gwfgsf qmddf kqmfp ubf{ g t s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;]gf kl/rfng ul/G5 g t s}bL agfp“bf Pp6f sf]7fdf g} y'lgG5 . hg–cbfntaf6 d'2f xfg]{nfO{ cbfntn] >d s}b dfq tf]Sg] u/]sf] 5 . Tof] afx]s oftgf lbg] / h]nsf rf/kvf{n leq /fv]/ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] h:tf] Jojxf/ Toxf“ ul/+b}g . h]n rnfg ePkl5 hgtfsf] aLrdf uP/ >d ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . pgLx?sf] ;a} x]/rfx, vfglkgsf] Joj:yf ul/G5 . To;}u/L aGbLnfO{ dlxgfdf Psk6s cfkm\gf] 3/df e]63f6 ug{ hfg lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} rf8jf8 / kj{x?df klg pgLx?nfO{ ljbf lbg] ul/Psf] s'/f aGbL hLjg latfO/x]sf a]n;/f zfxLn] atfOg\ . o;/L h]nnfO{ Pp6f ;'wf/u[xsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . h]n k/]sf aGbLx? ;'lw|P/ cfPsf / cfkm\gf] uNtL :jLsf/ u/]kl5 To;nfO{ ufp“sf hgtfn] /fd|f] sbd egL l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ .

hgtfsf] 3/b}nf]df g} uP/ d'2f km};nf x'“bf Toxf“sf hgtfn] v'zL JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . hg–cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf b"wsf] b"w / kfgLsf] kfgL -;xL Gofo_ ePsf] s'/f sfnLsf]6 d]xnd'8Lsf &^ jifL{o :yfgLo JolQm lji0f'xl/ ;+Hofnn] atfP .

hg–cbfnt :yfkgf ePb]lv lhNnfdf hUuf lvrf]nf, ;DaGwljR5]b, n]gb]g, s'6lk6, ufnLa]OHhtL, cfTdxTof, s/sfk, ax'ljjfx, hf/L, c+zj08f cflb d'2fx? hgcbfntdf cfpg] u/]sf] s'/f GofofwLz 8fod08n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sltkon] cfTdfnf]lrt eP/ uNtL u/]sf] s'/f :jLsf/ ub}{ ldnfkq ug]{ u/]sf] / s]xLn] uNtL u/]sf]df cbfntsf] km};nfadf]lhd s}b ;hfo x'g] u/]sf] klg pxf“n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f lhNnf cbfnt x'“b} k'g/fj]bg cbfnt;Dd k'u]/ klg lgZkIf ?kdf Gofo gkfPsf] hUuf lvrf]nf;DaGw d'2fsf] ;xL / lgZkIf Gofo sfnLsf]6 d]xnd'8Lsf 8Da/axfb'/ zfxL, of]u]Gb| zfxL, ls/0faxfb'/ zfxL / wgjL/ zfxL k|ltjfbL ePsf] / g/e'kfn zfxL jfbL -lkm/fbL_ ePsf] hUuf;DaGwL d'2fdf hg–cbfntn] ! dlxgfleq ldnfkq u/fpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

o:t} lsl;dn] sfnLsf]6±afh'/f lhNnfdf c;f]h dlxgfb]lv btf{ ePsf d'2f ! lbgb]lv ! dlxgf;Ddsf] cjlwdf d'2f km};nf x'g] u/sf] 5 . ut c;f]hb]lv xfn;Dd %! d'2fx? l5lg;s]sf] s'/f lhNnf cbfntsf] /]s8{df 5 .

hg–cbfntdf d'2f uPkl5 hgtfn] lagf vr{ g} Gofo kfpg] u/]sf] 5g\ . d'2f n]Vg sfuh / d;Lsf] nflu b:t'/ ?= !) dfq lng] ul/Psf] 5 . d'2f n8\gsf] nflu lgMz'Ns ?kdf jlsnx? hg;Qfn] Joj:yf u/]sf] s'/f lhNnf ;]qm]6/L lxtdfg atfpg' x'G5 .

cfhef]ln hgcbfntnfO{ hgtfn] ;xL Gofo kfpg] cËsf] ?kdf x]g]{ u/]sf 5g\ . hgcbfntsf] k|efj ufp“–ufp“df kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . lgZkIf?kdf Gofolg;fkm ug]{ ePsf]n] cGofo ug]{ / csf{nfO{ b'Mv lbg] k|j[lQ lg?T;flxt ePsf] 5 . o:tf hg–cbfntx? lhNnf–lhNnfdf u7g ug'{kg]{ dfu hgtfn] p7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ .

o;/L ;fdGtjfbL Gofo k|0ffnLsf cufl8 hg–cbfntn] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] gof“ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 .

nfdf d'lQm df]rf{sf] k|yd e]nf ;DkGg

h'Dnf÷ /fHo;Qfåf/f pTkLl8t nfdf hfltsf] k|yd e]nf h'Dnf lhNnfsf] uf]7Lrf}/ uf=h=;= l8NnLsf]6df P]ltxfl;s ?kn] xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

k|yd ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ h'Dnf±sfnLsf]6sf ;]qm]6/L jL/Wjhn] eGg'eof] –ænfdf ;d'bfo d'VotM eflifs, z}lIfs ;f“:s[lts, ;fdflhs pTkL8gdf k/]sf 5g\ . d'lQmsf] Psdfq af6f] hgo'4 xf] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – hgo'4a]u/ nfdf hflt dfq xf]Og blnt, dlxnf, lnDa', vDa', tfdfª, dw]zL sf]xL s;}n] klg Gofo ;dfgtf / d'lQm k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .Æ

;Dd]ngsf csf{ jQmf hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf t]>f] a6flnog ;x–sdf08/ d'gfnn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxt / d'lQmsf lglDt dfq geO{sg /Iffsf lglDt hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn ;w}+ tTk/ 5 / ;f“rf] cy{df nfdf ;d'bfosf] /Iff klg hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnn] g} ug]{ atfpg' eof] . csf{ jQmf e]s If]qLo df]8]n ;b:o k|zfGtn] æhgd'lQm cfGbf]ng ;a}sf] ldng s]Gb| / lxtsf] ;jf]{Rr :yfg ePsf]Æ atfpg' eof] .

e]nfn] !! ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . h;df cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / ;b:ox? qmdzM hut dxtf/f, sdn dxtf/f, k"0f{ nfdf, tfSnf nfdf, c~h' nfdf, k]df nfdf, km'Ghf]s nfdf, plu|g nfdf, sfdf{ nfdf, d+un dxtf/f /xg' ePsf] 5 .

ptf h'Dnf lhNnfsf] l8NnLrf}/, x'drf}/ / uf]7Lrf}/ uf=h=;= l:yt cNk;+Vofs nfdf hg;d'bfosf] k|yd e]nfsf] pb\3f6g hut dxtf/fn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj tfs\l5/Lª nfdfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;a}nfO{ :jfut tfSnf nfdfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . :jfut uLt tyf aLraLrdf g[To, uLt, ;+uLt /lj hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] u/]sf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngsf] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lhNnf hg;/sf/ ;b:o b'uf{axfb'/ /fjnn] lbg' ePsf] lyof] .

c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ åf/f >4f~hnL sfo{qmd ;DkGg

c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= zzLsnf zdf{ nufot b]z}el/sf ;Dk"0f{ zxLbx?sf] ;Demgfdf d+l;/ @% ut] t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] cf]of]sh'ª ufh;df >4f~hnL sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . !* cf}+ a6flnPg sDkgL ;x–sld;f/ s= /]vfsf] ;~rfng / c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL lhNnf cWoIF s= km'jL{{ z]kf{sf] ;efkltTjdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o hzf]wf sGbªjf x'g'x'GYof] . / cGo jQmfx?df ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= bz{g, !* cf}+ a6flnPg aL= sDkgL sld;f/ s= cl:dtf x'g'x'GYof] . k|d'v cltlysf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmd k5fl8 cltly s= bz{gn] dGtAo /fVg] qmddf @) cf}+ ztfAbLdf lg/If/tf ;d:of /x]sf] / @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf ;fIF/x?df lg/IF/tfsf] ;d:of /x]sf] atfp“b} qmflGtsf/Lx? hgtfsf] k|ultsf] lgldQ /ut aufP/ tof/ x'g] atfpg'eof] . dGtAos} qmddf k|d'v cltly s= hzf]wfn] g]kfnL dlxnfx?n] hlt;'s} oftgf ef]Ug' k/] klg nIodf gk'u];Dd /0fd}bfgaf6 kl5 gx6\g] atfp“b} ;f/f g]kfnL dlxnfnfO{ d'lQm kfpg c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] em08fd'lg uf]naGb x'g cfAxfg ug'{ eof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ub}{ ;efkltn] dlxnf d'lQmsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;a} Gofok]|dL hg;d'bfonfO{ xflb{s ckLn ug'{ eof] .

sfo{qmdsf] ;'/IFf !* cf}+ a6flnPg cGtu{t aL= sDkgLn] u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] aLraLrdf aufn] hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/åf/f g[To;lxtsf] uLt k|:t't u/]/ sfo{qmdnfO{ emg\ /f]df~rs agfPsf] lyof] .

df]rf{åf/f zxLb 3f]if0ff

g]kfnu~h÷ yf?jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf /fdr/0f rf}w/Ln] Ps jQmJo k|sflzt u/L df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o bzL/fd rf}w/LnfO{ cd/ zxLb 3f]if0ff ug'{ ePsf] 5 . jQmJodf zlbof}+b]lv lxGb" a|fx\d0fjfbL ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfåf/f zf]lift, pTkLl8t / k|tfl8t x'“b} cfPsf yf? hflt dxfg\ Pjd\ uf}/jzfnL g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] cjnDag u/]sf] hftLo d'lQmsf] j}1flgs gLlt cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / :jfoQ zf;gsf] sfo{qmdf k|flKtsf] lglDt @)%@ ;fnb]lv pQm kf6L{n] ;~rfng u/]sf] …dxfg\ hgo'4Ú l;t tfnd]n ldnfp“b} ljljw sl7gfOsf afah'b 7"nf7"nf pknlAw / Ifltsf] aLraf6 lg/Gt/ cl3 al9/x]sf] atfp“b} ut d+l;/ !%–!^ ut] s}nfnL lhNnfsf] kf08f}g uf=h=;= lvd8L eGg] 7fp“df slyt zfxL ;]gf gfdsf g/eIfL /fIf;x?l;tsf] bf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf axfb'/Lk"j{s n8\bfn8\b} xfd|f] df]rf{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pjd\ hgd'lQm ;]gf ln:g]–ufd t]>f] la|u]8sf klxnf] la=Pg= sdf08/ s= bzL/fd rf}w/L -k|xf/_n] pRr alnbfgLsf ;fy zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] 5 . df]rf{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] o;nfO{ ck'/0fLo Ifltsf] ?kdf ln+b} jxf“nfO{ cd/ zxLb 3f]if0ff ub{5 . /, ;fy} xflb{s >4f~hln ck{0f ub{5 . /, jxf“sf] zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub}{ jxf“n] 5f]8]sf] cleef/f k"/f ug{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt k'gM Psk6s k|0f ub{5 . /, zf]snfO{ zlQmdf abNb} j}/Lx?l;t abnf r'sfpg ;a} d'lQmsfdLx?nfO{ xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 elgPsf] 5 .

d]rL:t/Lo /fhg}lts k|lzIF0f ;DkGg

g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ d]rL–sf]zL IF]qLo Ao'/f]sf] cfof]hgfdf d]rL:t/Lo /fhg}lts k|lzIF0f kf“ry/sf] df]8]n Pl/ofdf sflt{s @@ ut] z'? eO{ @% ut] ;lsPsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj tfKn]h'ª lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= k|ldnfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] k|d'v cltlydf g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf kL=jL=Pd= tyf d]rL–sf]zL If]qLo Ao"/f] OGrfh{ s= cgGt x'g'x'GYof] . cGo cltlyx?df g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf s]Gb|Lo sfd/]8x?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . k|d'v sd/]8n] ?s'd /f]Nkfdf z'? ePsf] hgo'4 d]rL–sf]zLdf NofP/ ;DkGg ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' eof] eg] cGo ;L=;L=Pd= sd/]8x?n] ljleGg ljifodf k|lzIF0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] .

hg;Qf leq ljsf;–lgdf{0f / d'2fsf] l5gf]kmfgf]

cjlNrË -;'v]{t_÷ ;'v]{t lhNnfsf] cjlNrË uf=h=;= df hg;Qfn] ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf ljleGg sfo{x? ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .

e}/j df=lj= cjlNrËdf b'O{ sf]7] kSsL ejg k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ah]6 -gof“ ;Qfn] sAhf u/]sf]_ /sd / hg;Qf tyf hgkl/rfng;lxt s/La @ nfv % xhf/ nfutdf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

e}/j df=lj= clvn -qmflGtsf/L_sf cWoIf rGb|k|sfz /fgfnfO{ zfxL ;]gfn] cfkm\g} 3/df a;]sf] cj:yfdf cf“ugdf uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] x'“bf ;f] df=lj=nfO{ zxLb rGb|k|sfzs} gfdaf6 ærGb|k|sfz df=lj=Æ gfdfs/0f hg;Qfn] u/]sf] 5 .

o;}u/L cjlNrË % a:g] kj]{ /fgf / ;f]xL ufp“ a:g] g/jL/ /fgfsf] v/af/L;DaGwL ljjfb hg;Qfn] hgtfs} pkl:yltdf 5fgljgkZrft\ kLl8t kIf g/jL/ /fgfnfO{ ?= @@ xhf/ lbP/ d'2f ldnfPsf] 5 .

ptf cjlNrË–^ a:g] ;f;'–a'xf/L ;fOgf] kg]{ eLdf ;fpb / sNkgf ;fpbsf] k|foh;f] emu8f eO/xg] ljjfb 5fgljg u/L ut d+l;/ !^ ut] hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf ldnfg ul/Psf] 5 .

o:t} ;'v]{tsf] kfDsf a:g] nLnf /fgfsf] 3/df cjlNrË a:g] pboaxfb'/ ;fpbn] rf]/L u/]sf] v'Ng cfPsf]n] vf]htnf; u/L kLl8t kIfnfO{ rf]/L ePsf Ps hf]/ df8j/L / ! yfg ltnx/L a'emfO{ hgsfjf{xL ul/Psf] 5 . cjlNrË uf=lj=;= k|d'v If]qaxfb'/ /fgfn] hgfb]znfO{ eg]– xfd|f] ;Qfdf x/]s lg0f{o hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf x'g] ub{5 .

– xl/ ufp“n]

dlxnfåf/f ;fd"lxs v]tLsf] z'?jft

c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L åf/f t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] ljleGg uf=h=;=df d+l;/ @$ ut] ;fd"lxs v]tLsf] z'?jft ul/Psf] 5 . h;sf] pb\3f6g c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= ;Demgfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

hgd'lQm ;]gfåf/f v]n d}bfg lgdf{0f

hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn !* cf}+ a6flnPg aL= sDkgLåf/f t]x|y'd lhNnf kf}7fj uf=h=;=$ g= jf=h=;=df Pp6f v]n d}bfgsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] d}bfgsf] pb\3f6g aL= sDkgL ;x–sld;f/ s= /]vfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f] d}bfg lgdf{0f ug{ >dbfgsf nflu b'O{;o hgf :yfgLo hgtfsf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

sdf08/x?sf] zxfbtdf ;a}sf] k|lta4tf

hg;]gfnfO{ ca s;}n] x/fpg ;Sb}g

8f]6L -cf]vn9'Ëf_÷ hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn ln:g] ufd t]>f] lj|u]8åf/f kf08f}g uf=h=;= sf] lvd8Ldf jL/ult k|fKt ug]{ dxfg\ ;lxbx?sf] ;Demgfdf ut kf}if @) ut] ;Ddfg ;ef ;DdGg ePsf] 5 . ut d+;L/ !^÷!& ut] ePsf] df]rf{j4 n8fO“df j6flnog sdf08/ s= k|xf/ -bzL/fd rf}w/L_n] pRr ;xfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f] n8fO“df hgd'lQm ;]gfsf sDkgL sdf08/x? s'zn, ;ldn, sDkgL ;xfos sdf08/ ;d'Gb|, ;]S;g sdf08/x? ;s[o, ;f}utf, ;]S;g ;xsdf08/ sdn / ;]S;g sdf08/ w|'jn] ;xfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

;lxbsf] ;Ddfg ug{ cfof]lht ;efdf /ftf Aofg/, em08f / t'nx?n] d~rnfO{ ;hfOPsf] lyof] . 8f]6L lhNnfsf] 3fun uf=h=;= cf]vn9'Ëfdf cfof]lht ;f] ;efdf hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn t]>f] lj|u]8sf @,))) hg;]gfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . s}nfnL / ;'v]{t lhNnfsf hgtfx?sf] ;d]t ;efdf ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

lj|u]8 sdf08/ s= ljljwsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ;efdf s/La @) hgf ;]tL—dxfsfnLsf ;lxb kl/jf/x?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . j6flnog sdf08/ s= k|xf/sf] hLjg ;+uLgL s=lqj]0fL nufot ;lxb kl/jf/x?sf] cfzgu|x0f kl5 Ps ldg]6 df}g wf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . ;efkltn] ;lxbsf] kmf]6f]df dfNofk{0f u/]kl5 ;Dk"0f{ pkl:ylt lj|u]8n] ;lxbx?k|lt nfn;nfd ck{0f u/]sf] lyof] .

;f] ;efdf af]Nb} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf ;]tL–dxfsfnL If]qLo Ao"/f] OGrfh{ s= k|efs/n] o'4 lj/fd eËkl5 ;]d If]qdf xfn;Dd !#% hgfn] ;xfbt k|fKt u/]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] . h;df $( hgf hgd'lQm ;]gf, $) hgf kf6L{ sfo{stf{ $^ hgf ;j{;fwf/0f /x]sf 5g\ . pxf“n] ;]ddf dfq !*& hgf zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gf–k|x/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] klg hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . hgtf Oltxf;sf lgdf{tf ePsf] atfp“b} pxf“n] g]kfndf s= k|r08sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt hgo'4n] /0fgLlts ;+t'ngaf6 /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fdf k'u]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ eof] . …s= k|xf/ h:tf xf]gxf/ of]4fx?sf] alnbfgLn] k|bfg u/]sf] phf{n] g} xfdL cufl8 a9L/x]sf 5f}+, pxf“n] eGg'eof]– ;lxbx? d/]sf] geP/ ;+w}sf] nflu hLljt /x]sf 5g\ . pxf"n] s= k|xf/n] P]ltxfl;s sflnsf]6sf] sf]6jf8fb]lv, bfªsf] nDsL, c3f{vf“rL, h'Dnfsf dxTjk"0f{ sfjf{xLx?df efu lnP/ cfkm'nfO{ n8fO“sf] cu|df]rf{df pEofPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . hg;]gfn] n8fO{df kfPsf] ;kmntfsf] rrf{ ub}{ pxf“n] hg;]gfnfO{ ca s;}n] x/fpg g;Sg] atfpg' eof] .

To;}u/L csf{ jQmf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= ;'bz{gn] lvd8Ldf n8fO{sf] 36gfnfO{ :d/0f ub}{ eGg'eof]– dfly cfsfzaf6 x]lnsK6/n] P§L jg xfGb} lyof], s= k|xf/ 3fOt] eP/ klg o'4 lhltG5 ;fyLx? n8fO{ cufl8 a9fpg'xf];\ eGb} lyP . lvd8Lsf] le8Gtn] ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ ;d]t rf]6 k/]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ub}{ pxf“n] ;fd|fHojfbsf] sfn xfd|f] xftdf 5 eGg] s= k|r08sf] egfO{ /fVg' eof] .

;Ddfg ;efsf csf{ jQmf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= ljgf]bn] qmflGtsf/Lsf] ufyf jlnbfgLn] el/Psf] x'g] atfpb} hgtfsf] lglDt ;xfbt k|fKt ug]{x?sf] gfd Oltxf;df :jl0f{d cIf/n] n]lvg] u/]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .

kmi6 lj=Pg= sdf08/ s= dbgn] ;lxbsf] /utn] qmflGtnfO{ emg\ pRrtf lt/ a9\g] k|]/0ff lbPsf] / ;lxbsf] lhDd]jf/L xfd|f] sf“wdf k/]sf] atfpg' eof] .

kmf]y{ la=Pg ;xsdf08/ s= ljgf;n] ;lxb k|xf/n] yf? hg;'dbfoaf6 p7]/ cGt/f{li6«o ?kd} lrlgg k'Ug' xfd|f] nflu uf}/j ePsf] atfpg' eof] . sDkgL sdL;f/ s= kjgn] lvd8Ldf cfkm\gf sdf08/ ;lxt * hgfsf] zxfbt6n] xfdLnfO{ jlnbfgLsf] efj k}bf u/]sf] atfpg' eof] .

j6flnog sdf08/ s= ljsNkn] o'4df Iflt / pknlAw eO/xg] rrf{ ub}{ cfkmGthg u'dfp“bf efjgfTds ?kdf kL8f ePtf klg zf]snfO{ zlQmdf abNg hgo'4n] xfdLnfO{ l;sfPsf] atfpg' eof] .

;lxb kl/jf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ s= k|xf/sL hLjg ;+uLgL s= lqj]0fLn] lvd8Lsf] P]ltxfl;s n8fO{df cfkm\gf] >Ldfg\ u'dfpbf b'Mv gnfUg] s'/} 5}g t/ zf]snfO{ zlQmdf abNg clGtd 38L;Dd nfUg] k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub}{ ljhonfO{ cl3a9fpg hgd'lQm ;]gfn] klg cf–cfkm\gf] 7fp“af6 nfUg' kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ eof] . sfo{qmdsf ;efklt tyf lj|u]8 sdf08/ s= ljljwn] ljleGg df]rf{df ;xfbt k|fKt ug]{ cfkm\gf ;xof}4fx? k|lt nfn;nfd ck{0f ub}{ ;lxb kl/jf/ nfO{ ;dj]bgf JoQm ug'{eof] . pxf“n] o'4 /Qmkftk"0f{ /fhgLlt ePsf] atfpb} ;lxbsf] /utnfO{ ;Dem]/ xfdLn] ljrf/, aGb's / adx?nfO{ bx|f];+u ;dfTg] 5f}+ eGg' eof] .

;f] ;Ddfg ;efnfO{ lj|u]8 ;x–sdf08/ ax'jL/n] ;~rfng ug{' ePsf] lyof] ;efsf] cGTo kl5 klg ;]d If]qLo ;f+:s[lts z}Go sDkgLåf/f uLt gfrx? k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .

z'e zdf{

t]x|y'ddf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ljsNkdf gof“ ;Qf

t]x|y'd÷ k'; % ut] t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] ;+qmflGt uf=h=;= df k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ljsNkdf gof“ ;Qfsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg ls/f“t :jfoQ hg;/sf/ ;+u7g ;ldlt, t]x|y'dsf] k|yd lhNnf clwj]zg !( ;b:oLo lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] rog ub}{ eAo ?kdf ;kmn ePsf] 5 . hftLo, If]qLo, ln¨Lo, juL{o / ;]gf ;a} If]qsf] k|ltlglw ;dfj]z ul/Psf] pQm lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v s= eQm/fh sGbªjf, pk–k|d'v lji0f' bfxfn / cGo ;b:ox?df s= v]d bfxfn, gjLgtf v8\sf, k]|d sGbªjf, b'uf{ rfkfufO{+, sdnf bgf{n, t]hdfg sGbªjf, xs{ ltjf/L, g/axfb'/ kmf]Daf], OGb| ;'Aaf, hzf]wf sGbªjf, v8\u cfn], xl/ ld>, /Tg /fO{, /Tg rf]ªjfª, km'jL{ z]kf{, d]3/fh ;DxfDkm] / gu]Gb| du/ x'g'x'G5 .

pb\3f6g sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|d'v cltly k|eftn] eGg'eof]– æ;fdGtL /fhf k[YjL gf/fo0fn] g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns PsLs/0f ub}{ ;a} hfthfltsf] clwsf/ vf];]/ cfºgf] xftdf lnPk5fl8 ca ;f] clwsf/ lkmtf{ ug{ kxn eO/x]sf] 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] ljleGg a'h'{jfx?n] …of] dfcf]jfbL kfgLdf p7]sf] Pp6f kmf]sf xf] of] l5ge/d} km'6]/ hfg]5Ú eg]/ eljiojf0fL ;d]t u/]sf lyP . t/ To;f] ePg . hgo'4n] hgtfnfO{ s'g} klg ;fd|fHojfbL / lj:tf/jfbL;“u gePsf] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08ky h:tf] zlQmzfnL xltof/åf/f ;z:q agfpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .Æ

cltly Pjd\ ;+v'jf;ef hg;/sf/ k|d'v s= jfz' zfSon] dGtAo /fVb} eGg' eof]– æ@! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbsf] n8fO“ rLgdf dfcf]n] / ?;df n]lggn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] n8fO“ h:tf] dfq} geP/ of] n8fO“ dWoo'uLg dhb'/ / cfw'lgs o'usf sDKo'6/ ck|]6/nfO{ ;+ul7t u/]/ n8]sf] n8fO“ xf]Æ eGb} pxf“n] cufl8 yKg' eof]– ædfcf]jfbL hg;]gf / sfo{stf{nfO{ cfTd;dk{0f ug{ nufP/ lx/f;tdf /fVg] :yfg ;d]t tf]Sg] d"v{ ;Qfsf] cfo' ca w]/} 5}g .Æ t]x|y'd lhNnf kf6L{ O~rfh{ s= /ljn] Zj]t cft+snfO{ lrb}{ / To;sf] k|lt/f]w ub}{ cufl8 a9]sf] g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ n] lhNnfdf k'/fgf] ;Qf lj:yflkt ePsf 7fp‘df hgtfnfO{ gof“ ;Qfsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg lhNnfdf hg;/sf/ lgdf{0f ug'{ k/]sf] atfpg' eof] .

sfo{qmdsf cGo cltlyx?df t]x|y'd lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=;Hhg, c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= hzf]wf sGbªjf, !* cf}+ a6flnPg cGtu{t P= sDkgL sld;f/ s= k|]d, sdf08/ s= ljjz, aL= sDkgL sld;f/ s= cl:dtf, sdf08/ s=;]js x'g'x'GYof] .

sfo{qmd b'uf{ rfkfufO{+sf] ;~rfng / eQm/fh sGbªjfsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;dfkg ;df/f]xdf gjlgjf{lrt lhNnf hg;/sf/sf tkm{af6 lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'vn] k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub}{ eGg' eof] æk"j{sf ls/f“tLx?n] rfx]sf] eg]sf] cfTdlg0f{o;lxtsf] :jfzf;g xf] .Æ cGTodf t]x|y'd lhNnf hg;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;a} Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfonfO{ xflb{s cfx\jfg ub}{ eGg'eof]–æ t]]x|y'dsf / ;f/f g]kfnL hgtfsf] k"0f{d'lQmsf nflu t]x|y'd lhNnf hg;/sf/n] x/bd cfÎgf] k|of; hf/L /fVg]5 .Æ

clwj]zg pb\3f6g ;q, aGb;q x‘'b} ;dfkg ;df/f]x;Dd cfp“bf ljljw dGtAo, 5nkmn, g[To, uLt ;a} k|sf/sf ljifo ;dfj]z eO;s]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdf aufn] ;f‘:s[lts kl/jf/åf/f ljleGg g[To;lxtsf uLt k|:t't u/]/ sfo{qmdnfO{ emg} cfsif{0f agfp“b} zxLbsf] ;kgf k"/f ug{ ;a}nfO{ b[9 agfPsf] lyof] . ;f] clwj]zg sfo{qmdsf] ;'/IFf !* cf}+ a6flnog cGtu{t P / aL sDkgLn] u/]sf] luof] .

kjg s]=;L af6

zxLbsf] ;Demgfdf rf}kf6L lgdf{0f

slknj:t'÷ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ slknj:t'n] hgo'4sf] 3f]if0ff ePotf b'Zdgsf ljleGg df]rf{x?df n8\bfn8\b} ef}lts z/L/nfO{ hgjfbL qmlGtdf ;dlk{t ug]{ Pp6} uf=h=;=sf rf/hgf zxLbx?sf] ;Demgfdf rf}kf6L lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .

lhNnfsf] lzju9L ufh;sf rf/hgf of]4fx? O{Zj/ kl/of/ -k[YjL_, df]xg lj=s= -s'zn_, /fdk|;fb /f]sf -ljIffkg_ / z+s/ lj=s= -czf]s_ n] hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf] dxTjk"0f{ df]rf{df /x]/ sfd ug]{ bf}/fgdf zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . tL rf/}hgf of]4fx?nfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnn] zxLb 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;DalGwt Pl/of kf6L{n] pxf“x?sf] ;Demgfdf lzju9L uf=h=;=sf] 5f]eujfgk'/ lg=df=lj= sf] k|fË0fdf Pp6f rf}kf6L lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . Pl/of kf6L{sf ;]qm]6/L s= k|df0fsf] g]t[Tj / uf=h=;= k|d'v /fh]Gb| zfxsf] ljz]if ;lqmotfdf ;f] rf}kf6L lgdf{0f d+l;/ # ut] ;DkGg eof] . rf}kf6L lgdf{0fkl5 :yfgLo xhf/f}+ hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf zxLb s= s'znsf] ;Demgfdf >4f~hln sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;ldlt slknj:t'sf ;]qm]6/L s= ljGb'n] zxLbsf] alnbfgL v]/ ghfg] atfpg' eof] . pQm sfo{qmddf /Qm/l~ht ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/, slknj:t'sf z'idf, kf6L{ lhNnf ;b:o s= ;'zLnf / ;Ldfn] af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] . zxLb kl/jf/sf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] ;f] rf}kf6L lgdf{0f ?= %^ xhf/ a/fa/ nfutdf tof/ ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmd s= l;:g]sf] ;~rfng, s= k|eftsf] cWoIftf / s= r]tgfn] :jfut efif0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] zxLb sd/]8x?sf] hLjgLsf] af/]df s= ;/nfn] k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] .

gf/fo0f vgfnaf6

ef]kfndf ljzfn hgk|bz{g

g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt ef/t pkIf]qsf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfndf eO/x]sf] cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w / g]kfndf rln/x]sf] ;a} k|sf/sf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{gdf ef]kfnsf ljleGg zx/df ljzfn h'n'z k|bz{g eof] .

g]kfnL k|bz{gsf/Lx?n] xhf/f}+ krf{ ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . krf{df g]kfndf u0ftGq :yfkgf x'g'kg{] s'/fdf h]f8 lbOPsf] 5 .

cfOtjf/ ePsf] o; sfo{qmdsf] ef]kfnaf6 lg:sg] Go"h PS;k|];, lxGbL 8]nL, b}lgs sf}z/, k|mL k|]; 8]nL, b}lgs efis/, sf]lgsn Go"h 8]nL nufot Ps bh{g klqsfn] ;lrq ;dfrf/ k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\ .

zfxL ;]gfåf/f k|x/LsL >LdtL anfTsf/

a}t8L÷ hgd'lQm ;]gf;“usf] le8Gtdf k/flht eP/ efu]sf] zfxL ;]gfn] h:tL eGg] ufp“df n'6kf6, xTof / anfTsf/ h:tf 36gf 36fPsf] va/ 5 .

k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ zfxL ;]gfn] cfkm\g} ;xsdL{ k|x/L hjfg g/axfb'/sL >LdtL O{Zj/L af]xf]/fnfO{ jgaf6} sAhf u/L cf]9f/df nuL anfTsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . kLl8t af]x/fn] elgg\– …d k'ln;sL >LdtL x'“ . t/ tL zfxL ;]gfx?n] dnfO{ 5f8]gg\ . d}n] Tof] eGbf, To;f] eP ltdL / xfdL Pp6} xf}+ t;y{ ltdLn] xfdLnfO{ of}g ;DaGw ug{ b]pm xTof/f] zfxL ;]gfsf hjfgn] eg] .Ú ;]gf;“u k|ltsf/ ubf{ub}{ pgLnfO{ anfTsf/ ul/of] . % hgf ;]gfx?n] anfTsf/ u/]/ pgnfO{ h+und} 5f]8] .

olta]nf cw{d"l5{t O{Zj/L pkrf/ ub}{l5g\ . xfd|f ;dfrf/ bftf;“u pgn] elgg\– ca d d]/f] >LdfgnfO{ k'ln;sf] hflu/ 5f]8\g nufp“5' . o:tf] k'ln;sf] hflu/n] g 3/ kl/jf/sf] ;'/Iff g cfkm\gf] hLpsf], OZj/Ln] cfkm\gf kL8f ;'gfOg\ .

o;}aLr ut sflt{s % ut] zfxL ;]gfsf] Pp6f hTyfn] &( jifL{o a[4 k|]d lji6nfO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] 5 .

v]tdf sfd ul//x]sf lji6nfO{ ;]gfn] t“ dfcf]jfbL xf];\ / of] v]tdf cGg pAhfP/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ vfgf v'jfpg] u5{;\ x}g < eGg] ljlQs} lji6n] To;sf] k|ltjfb u/]– …of] v]tsf] sdfO d]/f] kl/jf/ kfNg xf]Ú s] eg]sf lyP pgnfO{ ;]gfn] ;dft]/ r/d oftgf lbof] . cGTodf 6fpsf] / 5ftLdf uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/of] . Toxf“sf hgtfn] ca xfd|f] ;'/Iff zfxL ;]gfn] geO{ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] dfq ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] xfd|f] ;'/Iff oxL+ a;]/ ul/lbg' k¥of] eGg yfn]sf 5g\ .

x'Dnfdf hg;/sf/ aGof], hgtfn] v'zL dgfP

x'Dnf -dbgf_÷ ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ g]kfncGtu{t s0ff{nL :jfoQ k|b]zcGtu{t kg]{ x'Dnfsf] k|yd P]ltxfl;s lhNnf clwj]zg df]8]n Pl/ofsf] dbgfdf ut d+l;/ $ / % ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] clwj]zgdf @& uf=h=;= dWo] @^ uf=h=;= sf ufp“ hg;/sf/ ;ldltsf @%) hgf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

l5l/ª 8d9'n nfdfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf 8f]Nkf lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v /fdaxfb'/ af]xf]/f k|d'v cltly lyP . csf{ ljz]if cltlydf x'Dnf lhNnf OGrfh{ s= cf6{ / cltlyx?df ;Nofg lhNnf hg;/sf/ pk–k|d'v /Tgaxfb'/ jnL, 8f]Nkf lhNnf pk–k|d'v g}gk|;fb kxf8L, s0ff{nL If]qLo d'lQm df]rf{ ;b:o s0f{lht a'9fyf]sL, d'u' lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v gj/fh Gof}kfg] / cGo df]rf{sf k|ltlglw lyP . ;xefuLx?nfO{ x'Dnf hg;/sf/ ;b:o ;'/jL/ P]8Ln] :jfut dGtAo lbg' ePsf] lyof] eg] gf}d'n] hgjfbL hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] ;'l/nf] uLt tyf hf]lznf] g[To k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] bf]>f] r/0fdf aGb ;q u/L lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu /fdaxfb'/ af]xf]/f, s= cf6{, s= /Tgaxfb'/ jnLsf] tLg ;b:oLo hg–lgjf{rg 6f]nL u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . hg–lgjf{rg cfof]un] k|d'vdf l5l/ª 8d9'd nfdf / pk–k|d'v ;'/jL/ P]8L nufot !& ;b:oLo lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] Kofgn k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] Kofgn Aofks 5nkmnåf/f pkl:yt k|ltlglwn] cg'df]bg u/]sf lyP . k|d'v cltly, ljz]if cltly, cltlyx?n] gj hg–lgjf{lrt lhNnf hg–;/sf/sf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ cjL/, km"ndfnf nufO{ clegGbg u/]sf lyP . gf}d"n] hgjfbL ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/af6 v'zLsf ;'l/nf w'g / afhfufhfsf ;fy px“fx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] t]>f] r/0fdf gj hglgjf{lrt pkk|d'v ;'/jL/ P]8Lsf] ;~rfngdf k|d'v l5l/ª 8d9'n nfdfn] lhNnfsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm k|ltj]bgdf ?= ## nfvsf] ah]l6ª x'g'sf ;fy} lhNnf hg;/sf/n] ug'{ kg]{ gLlt tyf sfo{qmddfly klg 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v clylt /fdaxfb'/ af]xf]/fn] @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] gf}nf] hgjfbL ;Qf g]kfnL ;j{xf/f ju{sf] xftdf k/]sf] a]nf To;sf] ;+/If0f g]kfnL ;j{xf/f hgtfn] ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' eof] . ljz]if cltly s= cf6{ / cGo cltlyx?n] klg k|lzIf0f tyf awfO{ dGtAo lbg' ePsf] lyof] . /, sfo{qmdsf] aLr–aLrdf PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf cltly snfsf/, gf}d'n] hgjfbL hg;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ / dx]z hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/af6 ljleGg /f]rs uLt tyf g[To k|:t't u/L xnnfO{ u'~hfodfg kfg]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] . h;df x'8\s] / yf? gfrn] xnsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ k|efljt kf/]sf] lyof] . x'DnL hgtfsf] w]/} jif{b]lvsf] Tofu, tk:of / tLg bh{g x'DnL jL/ zxLbsf] /utn] cfh]{sf] gof“ hgjfbL ;Qfsf hglgjf{lrt lhNnf hg;/sf/ lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu gof“ pT;fx / pdËsf ;fy sl/a @÷# lbgsf] af6f] lx+8L cfpg' x'g] s/La rf/ xhf/ hgtfn] lgjf{lrt u/]sf tL hgk|ltlglwx?dWo] s]xL k|ltlglw;“u lh1f;f /fVbf Pl/of g+= @ sf eLdk|;fb pkfWofon] cfkm\g} :yfgLo efiffdf eg]– …k'/fg' Tof] a'l8of ;Qfn] hLjgsg Ps} 1fGof rrf{ k'nf]af6 ;efklt agfONof] . xfdL t Toltdf hgtfsf] rfrf] k'nf] u/L lhNnfsf] hg;/sf/ agfof}+ . ca xfd|f] hlt t]Osf] Sof /D0ff] x'bf] xf] .Ú To:t}u/L csf{ k|ltlglw wgnfn a'9f;“u klxnfsf] lgjf{rg / clxn]sf] lgjf{rgdf s:tf] leGgtf kfpg' eof] egL k|Zg ubf{ pgn] …kf]/k'0ff r'gfp x'Gof a]nf 7"nf a0ff ?lkof“ / /lS; df“x' u/L tf“O vfbf l5of . r'gfp lem6] kl5 5f]/f sg hflu/L ldnfO lbG5' e'lgsg cfkm" afO{hgf l5of .Ú ;f]xL sfo{qmd cfPsf csf{ dlxnf k|ltlglw %% jif{sL xf:snf P]8L;“u oqf] 6f9fsf] af6f] lx+8L cfp“bf s]xL b'Mv t nfu]g egL k|Zg ubf{ pgn] elgg\– …olt lagf dOy} xfd|} 5f]/f 5f]/L dl/sg Nofo xfd|f] gf}nf] ;Qfdf cfDdf] d'g kl0fof g]tf 5fGg kfof}+ Sof b'Mv dfGgfp af efp c .

dlxnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg

s}nfnL . ;fdGtL /fHo Joj:yfaf6 dlxnf d'lQm x'g g;Sg] / k"0f{ d'lQm kfpgsf] nflu ;z:q hgljb|f]xdf dlxnf ;xeflutfdf hf]8 lb+b} clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_s}nfnLsf] rf}yf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngsf] k|d'v gf/f æ;fdGtL /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4df rf}yf] lhNnf ;Dd]ngÆ eGg] /x]sf] lyof] .

;f] ;Dd]ngdf k|d'v cltly tyf ;]tL dxfsfnL If]qLo ;+of]hs tyf c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o uf]/Lsnf lj=s=n] pb\3f6g ub}{ ;fdGtL ;dfhdf dlxnfx? bf]>f] bhf{sf] gful/s ePsf] / dlxnfnfO{ v]nf}gfsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] . pxf“n] dlxnfn] bf;tfsf aGwgx? tf]8\b} bf; dgf]j[lQaf6 dfly p7]/ ;zQm cfGbf]ng p7fpg' kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .

To;}u/L ;Dd]ngsL csL{ jQmf c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ?kf rf}w/Ln] dlxnfdf x'g] zf]if0f bdgsf] cGTo ug{ cfGbf]ngafx]s ljsNk gePsf] ljrf/ AoQm ug'{ eof] . pxf“n] t/fO{sf yf? hg;d'bfo sd}of, sDnx/L k|yfaf6 d'lQm kfpg cfwf lx:;f cf]uf]6\g] dlxnf 86\g' kg]{ atfpg' eof] .

s}nfnL lhNnfsf] rf}dnf uf=h=;= 3'/xLdf ePsf] ;f] ;Dd]ngdf Psxhf/ dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . o'4sfnLg kl/l:yltdf klg wgu9Laf6 glhs}sf] 7fp“df # lbg;Dd rn]sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ngdf hgtfn] s8f ;'/Iff lbPsf lyP . ;Dd]ngnfO{ z'esfdgf lbg]x?df ls;fg s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ rf}w/L, blnt lhNnf cWoIf sljnfl;ª lj=s= / yf?jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf lhNnf ;b:o nufot lyP .

;f] ;Dd]ngn] Ps hgf kl5 yKg] u/L u+uf rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf !^ ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 .

t]x|y'd lhNnf hg;/sf/åf/f kfl/t lg0f{ox?

ut k'; % / ^ ut] ;DkGg t]x|y'd lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] bf]>f] a}7såf/f kfl/t lg0f{ox? hgfb]znfO{ t]x|y'd lhNnf hg;/sf/n] pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . pQm lg0f{ox? ;d;fdflos b]lvPsf]n] xfdLn] k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}{+ . :f+=_

oxL k'; ^ ut] lhNnf hg;/sf/ ;+u7g ;ldltsf] bf]>f] a}7s ;ldltsf k|d'v eQm/fh sGbªjfsf] cWoIFtfdf a:of] . dxfg\ tyf uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= k|eft / ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglwsf] ljz]if pkl:yltdf ;DkGg pQm a}7sn] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] pkl:yltdf ljleGg k|:tfjx?dfly lj:t[t 5nkmn u/L ;j{;Ddt lg0f{o u¥of] . pQm lg0f{ox?sf] ;f/;+If]k lgDgfg';f/ 5 –

!= a}7sn] & j6f lhNnf:t/Lo ljefu k|d'vx? 7f]; u/]sf] 5 . h;df hg;'/IFF, hflt–hghflt, ;"rgf tyf ;“:s[lt / lzIff, jg tyf e"ld Joj:yfkg, Gofo tyf sfg'g, dlxnf tyf kl/jf/ / s[lif tyf ;xsf/L ljefudf qmdzM d]3/fh ;Dafxfªkm], eQm/fh sGbªjf, b'uf{ rfkfufO{, v8\u cfn] du/, lji0f'k|;fb bfxfn, hzf]bf sGbªjf / g/axfb'/ kmf]Daf] /xg' ePsf] 5 .

@= ;+3if{sf sfdx?df hf“8/S;L aGb u/fpg], blntx?;“u ;x–ef]h ug]{, ;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnf nfu" u/fpg], 5f]/LnfO{ c+z lbnfpg], klt{ hUuf e"ldxLg ls;fgnfO{ ljt/0f u/fP/ a:tL a;fpg], k'/fgf] k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfsf zf]if0fd"ns ;a} ;+oGqx? u|fdL0f If]qaf6 lj:yflkt ug]{, ;/sf/L ljBfnox?nfO{ ;d'bfoLs/0f ug{ glbg] / s[lif If]qsf] >dnfO{ Hofnfbf/L ub}{ ;xsf/Lx?sf] :yfkgf ub}{ hfg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

#= zxLb kl/jf/df lzIffaf6 jl~rt ePsf afnaRrfx?nfO{ lzIff lbg ;xof]u ug]{, zxLb kl/jf/nfO{ clegGbg ug]{ / pQm kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ /f]huf/L lbnfpg 3/]n' pBf]ux? :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{ox? ePsf 5g\ .

$= a}7sn] ljleGg ljefux?df ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . s"n ah]6 @) nfv ?k}of“df ljsf;–lgdf{0fdf bz nfv, zxLb kl/jf/nfO{ krf; xhf/, pBf]udf krf; xhf/, nlhli6sdf Ps nfv / cfsl:ds sf]if / ljljwdf Ps÷Ps nfv ?k}of“ 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . ljsf;–lgdf{0fdf vfg]kfgL, k"n / ljBfno dd{t ug]{ of]hgfx? kfl/t ul/Psf 5g\ .

%= ljljwdf lhNnf hg;/sf/sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?dfly ;'emfj–;Nnfx pknAw u/fpg lhNnfsf ljleGg 7fp“x?df ;'emfj k]l6sf /flvg] lg0f{o ub}{ a}7ssf cWoIF s= eQm/fh sGbªjfaf6 lg0f{ox? zt–k|ltzt sfof{Gjog x'g] ck]IFf;lxt a}7ssf] ;dfkg ul/of] .

k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ug{ g;s]sf sfd hg;Qfåf/f ;kmn

x'Dnf÷ k'/fgf] k|lts[ofjfbL ;Qfn] ug{ g;s]sf ljleGg ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx? xfn cfP/ gof“ :yfgLo hgjfbL ;Qfn] ug{ ;kmn ePsf] d}nf uf=h=;= k|d'v xl/bQ zdf{n] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .

h; cGtu{t d}nf uf=h=;= df kg]{ em'nvf]nf b]lv lnP/ af]6]rf}/ ;Dd vfg] kfgLsf] nflu k'/fgf] k|lts[ofjfbL ;Qfn] ## nfv ah]6 5'§fP klg pQm /sd lh=lj=;= ;efklt hLjg zfxL, ;b:o lzj/fh zdf{ / cf]e/l;o/ sfnLaxfb'/ ldnL e"“8L eg]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] . t/, lgdf{0f x'g g;s]sf] sfd xfn cfP/ Toxf“sf] :yfgLo hgjfbL ;Qfsf] kxndf cfd zf]lift, kLl8t hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf / uf=h=;= k|d'v xl/bQ zdf{sf] ;s[otfdf ;f] vfg] kfgL ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . h; cGtu{t jf=h=;= g+= !,@,# / $ sf hgtfx?nfO{ vfg] kfgL pknAw ePsf] 5 .

o;}u/L klxn]sf hfnL km6fxfsf] 3'k}7sf] sf/0faf6 lgdf{0f x'g g;s]sf] bdfO{ rf}yf b]lv lnP/ wdf]{bo lg=df=lj= ;Dd # ;o ld6/ af6f] klg lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . klxn]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ug{ g;s]sf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx? nufot y'k|} gof“–gof“ sfdx? ;~rfng ubf{ xfn cfP/ :yfgLo hgtfx? k'/fgf] ;Qf k|lt 3[0ff hufp“b} gof“ ;Qfdf uf]naGb x'b} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

/f]ifg Pd=;L=

km]l/ …d"nk|jfxÚ kl/Tofu

Pstfs]Gb|–d;fn ;dly{t d"n kjfxnfO{ ca eTsf]; g} nfu]sf] 5 . ef/tsf k|To]s zx/df d"n k|jfx 5fl8/x]sf 5g / Tolts} 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ;+u7g 5f]8\g]sf] nfOg nfu]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .

Pstfs]Gb|–d;fn cem ljz]ifu/L d;fn ;dly{t Pstf ;dfh …d"nk|jfxÚ u'8ufp“ 8LPnPkmdf ljut bz jif{b]lv sfd ul//x]sf gu/ / Pl/of :t/sf sfo{stf{ /lj e'iffn, lg/d yfkf, bLks yfkf, 6+s zdf{ nufot bh{gf}+n] ljb|f]x u/L g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt, ef/tdf k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ .

d"n kjfx kl/Tofu ug{kg{] sf/0f atfp“b} /lj e'iffn eG5g–…af]Ng] / sfd ug{] s'/fdf xfd|f g]tfaLr km/s 5 . hgtfsf] zlQm;“u ldNg] xf]Og ls ltgLx? t k|ltufdL zlQmnfO{ kmfObf x'g] sfd ul//x]sf 5g .Ú

ljb|f]x ug{] lg/h yfkf eG5g– …Pstf ;dfh d"n k|jfxdf a:g' eg]sf] ;fdGtL lrGtg k|j[lQsf] kIfkf]if0f ug{] xf . d;fn ;dly{t ljBfyL{sf e"=k"= lhNnf ;lrj b'uf{ zdf{, /fdk|;fb zdf{, eLd;]g vqL, lbnaxfb'/ If]qLn] ;+o'Qm jQmJo hf/L ub{} eg]sf 5g\ æb]z clxn] hl6n df]8df 5 . ca otfptf cNdlng] xf]Og . cfd"n kl/jt{gsf nflu nl8/x]sf] zlQm;“u Psfsf/ x'g'kb{5 . To;}n] xfdLn] k|jf;sf] qmflGtsf/L ;+u7g g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldltdf k|j]z u¥of}+ .Æ

;+o'Qm jQmJodf elgPsf] 5–æxfdL ca lagf k"jf{u|x ;RrfOnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ ;a};“u ljgd| cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .Æ

u'8uf“pdf ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL uf]i7L

g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt, ef/t lhNnf ;ldlt u'8uf“psf] cfof]hgfdf …g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ng agfd ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]kÚ ljifos ljrf/ uf]i7L xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;ldltsf ;x;lrj cf]dk|sfz l/hfnsf] ;~rfng tyf ;ldltsf cWoIf b]ljk|;fb clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmdsf cltlyx? g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt ef/t, s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 honfn rfkfufO“ eljZj/ ltjf/L, If]qLo ;ldltaf6 dfgaxfb'/ /fgf, pkIf]qaf6 u0f]zdfg l;+x yfkf jfO;LPn k|ltlglw g/]z s]=;L / efOrf/fsf tkm{af6 cfO;L6Lo" xl/of0ffsf ;]qm]6/L /fhl;+x, u'8uf“p lhNnf hg/n ;]qm]6/L Zofd rGb| emf x'g'x'GYof] . lhNnf ;ldltsf sf]iffWoIf ?k yfkfn] :jfut dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

;a} cltlyx?n] Pp6} :j/df cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] bnfn g]kfnsf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf lj?4 n8\g'kg{] s'/f atfpg' eof] .

o; ljrf/ uf]i7Lsf] pNn]vgLo kIf ef/tLo ;+rf/ dfWodn] cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]wdf hgfPsf] ;dy{g xf] . o; ljifodf s]lGb|t ljrf/ uf]i7Ldf jStfx?n] /fv]sf egfO …g]kfnsf] u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ng agfd ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]kÚ ljifodf k|:t't sfo{kqsf d'Vo a'“bfx?sf] pNn]v u'8ufjaf6 k|sflzt x'g] b}lgs hfu/0f, cd/ phfnf nufotsf cvaf/n] k|d'v dxTj lbP/ ;lrq ljj/0f k|sflzt u/]sf lyP . Tolt dfq xf]Og lbNnL nufot ef/tsf cGo If]qaf6 lgSng] cv/af/x?n] cfkm\gf n]v, ;dfrf/, l/kf]l6ª dfkm{t cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] g]kfndf x:tIf]k cGt x'g'kg{] tYonfO{ h;/L ;+k|]if0f ul//x]sf 5g\ o;af6 ef/tdf u0ftGqsf] kIfdf tyf ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4 lj:tf/} hgdt ;[hgf x'“b} uPsf] 7x/ ko{j]Ifsx?sf] 5 .

Ps k|x/Lsf] d[To'

wg'iff lhNnfsf] ufh;sf] l;/l;of ahf/df lxhf] ePsf] le8Gtdf Ps k|x/Lsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' / Ps gfoj lg/LIfs uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . ;f] 36gfdf Ps k|x/L xjNbf/ ;fdfGo 3fOt] ePsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .

of] 36gfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f eg] k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] >f]tn] ;f] 36gfdf Ps hgf dfcf]jfbLn] zxfbt k|fKt u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

zxLb kTgL a]kQf

af/f lhNnf df]/fxf 3/ ePsL zxLb kTgL k|]df kf;jfgnfO{ zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn] kqmfp u/]/ a]kQf agfPsf] s'/f jf/fl:yt xfd|f ;Djfbbftfn] atfPsf 5g\ . pxf“nfO{ @( ut] kqmfp ul/Psf] lyof] .

pxf“sf] l/xfOsf lglDt clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ af/fn] dfu u/]sf] 5 .

zfxL ;]gfaf6 ljb|f]x u/L cfPsf ;]gfsf] hLjgL

!_ gfd M nfnaxfb'/ /fdhfnL du/

@_ 7]ufgf M e]/L c~rn, ;'v]{t lhNnf j]tfgf uf=h=;= jf8 g+= ( hfd'g]

#_ hGd ldlt pd]/ M @)$)÷&÷@! – @) jif{

$_ z}lIfs of]Uotf M P;=Pn=;L=

%_ d'Vo ?lr M hgtfsf] lglDt n8\g] / ;dfhsf] ;]jf ug]{

^_ ljz]if bIftf M ;]gf

&_ ljb|f]x u/]sf] ldlt M d+l;/ !& ut] ;Dks{df d+l;/ @) ut]

*_ ljb|f]x ubf{ NofPsf] xltof/ M Pd – !^

(_ bhf{ M n];gfos

!)_ ljb|f]x u/L cfp“bfsf] 36gf ljj/0f M cfpg] qmddf af6f]df le8Gt eof] .

!!_ lnPsf] tflnd M sDAof6 sdfG8f] /]k|m];/ / cGo tflnd

!@_ lnPsf] lg0f{o / hLjg cg'e"lt M of] d]/f] hLjg hxf“;Dd cGt x'“b}g, Toxf“;Dd nl8/xg]5' . hgtfsf] lglDt Psd'7L ;f; / Ps yf]kf /ut eP;Dd n8\g]5' .

!#_ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf k+lQmleqsf tYox? M zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfleq cg]sf}+ bdg–zf]if0f x'G5 . /, Toxf“ dflysf sdf08/n] h] sfd klg ug{ kfpg] / tnsf hjfgn] ug{ gkfpg] x'G5 . Toxf“ kqklqsf, /]l8of], ;~rf/ dfWod ;'Gg–k9\g gkfpg] x'G5 . /f0ff zf;g rnfPsf 5g\ .

!$_ dft{8Lsf] Aof/]sdf /x]sf] sdfg z]S;g / ;+Vof M dft{8Lsf] Aof/]sdf /x]sf] hgky k'ln; @)) hgf / ;]gf !)) hgf 5g\ . logLx?nfO{ lji0f' yfkf d]h/n] sdfg lbg] / b'O{ Knf6'g / & ;]Szg 5g\ . /, xltof/ ;]gf tkm{ !)) / l/hj{df k'ln; tkm{ @)) gfn #–)–# /fOkmn 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbL g} d'lQmsf] af6f] M

@)$) ;fn sflt{s @! ut] e]/L c~rn, ;'v]{t lhNnf, j]tfg uf=lj=;= hfd'g] ufp“ j8f g+= ( df d]/f] hGd ePsf] lyof] . d]/f] 3/df rf/ hgf kl/jf/ x'g'x'G5 . d]/f] afNofj:yf /fd|f];“u lat]sf] lyof] . afNosfnsf] cj:yfdf k9fOn]vfO /fd|f];“u ePsf] lyof] . a'af–cfdfsf] ;kgf k"/f ug{ / cfkm\gf] hLjgsfn /fd|f];“u latfp“nf egL nugzLn eP/ kl9/x]+ . k9\g] qmddf >L g]=/f= dfWolds ljBfno a]tfg :s'naf6 P;=Pn=;L= kf; u/L 3/sf] a'af–cfdf nufot bfh'efOsf] ;kgf k"/f ug{ d hfuL/sf] l;nl;nfdf ef}tfl//x]+ . /, o;} a]nf d zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdf egf{ eP“ . ;]gfdf egf{ ePkl5, To;leq cg]sf}+ b'Mv–si6 u/]/ sfd ul//x]+ . To; zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdf hgtf / b]zsf] lglDt /Iff ug{ egL egf{ ePsf] lyP“ . t/, Toxf“ t hgtf dfg]{ 7]Ssf lb+bf]/x]5 . To; leq u/Lasf 5f]/fdfly cTofrf/, bdg / b'Mv–si6 Hofb} x'g] / pgLx?nfO{ bf; agfp“bf] /x]5 . Toxf“sf rfnrng, /Lltl/jfh w]/} a'lem;s]kl5 dnfO{ of] wtL{df hGd]kl5 hgtf dfg{ hGd]sf] h:tf] cg'ej eof] . xfdL b]zsf s0f{wf/ ePkl5 s]xL ljsf; ug'{k5{ egL d]/f] dgdf k|Zg p7\of] . /, hjfkm lbg] JolQm sf]xL ge]6]kl5 cfkm}n] pQ/ vf]h]+– b]z / hgtfsf] lxtsf] nflu cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . k};fsf] lglDt dg'{ eGbf t b]z / hgtfsf] lglDt dg'{ / cd/ /xg' k5{ eGg] lgisif{df k'u]+ / b]zdf rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ng g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] ;xL ljrf/ wf/0ffn] dnfO{ w]/} /fd|f] af6f] b]vfPsf] cg'ej u/]+ . /, Aof/]saf6 ljb|f]x u/L Pd–!^ /fOkmn, $#& uf]nL, ! lu|g]6, v's'/L / rflxg] ;dfg lnP/ efUg ;kmn eP“ . )^)÷*÷!& ut] Aof/]s 5f]8L )^)÷@÷@) ut] kf6L{ ;Dks{df cfOk'u]+ . dnfO{ b]zjf;L hgtfn] km"ndfnf nufO{ :jfut u/] . dnfO{ nfU5 d ;xL lbzftkm{ nlDs/fv]sf] 5' . hgtf / b]zsf] d'lQm lbnfpg Ps d'¶L ;f; / Ps yf]kf /ut eP;Dd nl8/xg] b]z / hgtf;“u afrfaGwg vfPsf] 5' . /, b]v]sf] ;kgf k"/f ug]{5' .

g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhGbfjfb †, hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn lhGbfjfb †

ldltM )^)÷)*÷@*

nfnaxfb'/ /fdhfnL du/

hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf] ;dLIff, sfo{stf{df gof“ pT;fx

sfnLsf]6÷ sfnLsf]6±afh'/fdf ;~rflnt PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofg lhNnf, sdf08, Pl/of / ufp“–6f]n :t/df eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . æcfwf/ OnfsfnfO{ h'emf? lsNnfdf abNb} of]hgfa4 ljb|f]xsf] t'kmfg ;[li6 u/f}+, kf6L{, ;]gf / hg;d'bfosf] PstfnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofg eJotfk"j{s ;kmn kf/f}+Æ eGg] d"n gf/f;lxt kf6L{ klZrd sdf08n] to u/]sf] cleofgdf o; lhNnf leq / aflx/sf kf6L{ cfGtl/s k+lQmsf / hg:t/sf bh{gf}+ cleofg ;d"xx? kl/rflnt ePsf lyP .

sfnLsf]6±afh'/fdf $ dlxgf ;dofjlw ePsf] o; cleofgnfO{ tLg r/0fdf ;DkGg ePsf] ;+Zn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf] of]hgfnfO{ a'em\g] / a'emfpg], bf]>f] nx/ / pef/sf] r/0f / t]>f] ;'b[9 / lj:tf/sf] r/0f .

PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf] ;dofjlw k"/f ul/;s]kl5 sflnsf]6±afh'/fdf ut d+l;/ !* b]lv @! ut];Dd Ps ;dLIff sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . lhNnfsf] Pl/of g+= @ s'dfnufp“df ;DkGg ul/Psf] PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf] ;dLIff tyf ljbfO{ sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;lrjfno ;b:o s= k/fqmdLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . If]qLo Ao"/f] ;b:o tyf lhNnf g+= ! sf OGrfh{ s= lxtdfgsf] cWoIftf /x]sf] o; sfo{qmddf pkl:yt cltlyx?df lhNnf k|sfzg ljefu sfnLsf]6±afh'/fsf k|d'v s= rGbg, ;]d If]q aemfË lhNnfaf6 o; lhNnfdf cfPsf cleofg 6f]nLsf sdf08/ s= ljho, s~rgk'/±88]Nw'/f lhNnfsf] cleofg 6f]nL sdf08/ s= cl:dt / s}nfnL lhNnfaf6 cleofg 6f]nLsf sdf08/ s= ls/0f /xg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g, l/kf]l6{Ë, k|lzIf0f / ;dfkg u/L rf/ r/0fdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;dLIff sfo{qmddf lhNnfleq ;~rflnt PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf] 7f]; of]hgfnfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ubf{ cleofg cjlwe/ ul/Psf sfd sfjf{xLaf/] l/kf]l6{Ë ul/Psf] lyof] . l/kf]6{ k|:t't ug]{x?df sfnLsf]6 afh'/fsf cleofg 6f]nL sdf08/ s= ljho, 88]Nw'/f±s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf] cleofg lhNnfdf to ul/Psf cleofg 6f]nL sdf08/df ls/0f /xg' ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L lhNnfdf to ul/Psf cleofg 6f]nL sdf08/ e[s'6L, s= lzv/, s= ju{, s= kxf8n] cfkm\gf] sdf08df /x]sf] cleofg 6f]nLn] u/]sf sfd–sfjf{xLsf] l/kf]6{ k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L l/kf]6{ k|:t't ug]{df lhNnf leq sdf08df to ul/Psf sdf08:t/Lo cleofg 6f]nLaf6 s= ch'{g, s= k|efs/, s= ;/f]h, s=;'/]z, s= lzlz/, s=;Gb]z, s= r~rn, s= ljzfn, s= hLjGt, s= lgd{nf, ;f“:s[lts Knf6'gsf] tkm{af6 s= cdf]3, b]p8f -uLt, g[To_ cleofg 6f]nL sdf08/ s= ;[hgf, lhNnf pBf]u ljefusf s= afbn, lhNnf ;~rf/ ljefuaf6 s= lx/fdl0f, lhNnf :jf:Yo ljefusf] tkm{af6s= ljsf;, lhNnf hgldlnl;of Pr= So" sf s= bf]efg, >L k|sfz gd"gf hgjfbL df=lj=sf k|=c= s= oyfy{ x'g'x'GYof] . o;}u/L sfo{qmddf l/kf]6{ k|:t't ug]{x?df lhNnfsf Pl/of g+= ! b]lv Pl/of g+= !$ ;Ddsf ;]qm]6/Lx? s= kf/bzL{, s=sdn, s= lgdf{0f, s= tLy{, s= g]kfn, s= uf}/j, s= z+s/, Pl/of g+= * O~rfh{ s= /0fåLk, s= nfnWjh, s= ljifd / w/ftn /xg'ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdn] l/kf]6{sf] ;f/df lhNnfsf] PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf] nIonfO{ k"/f u/]sf] atfPsf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] ;Gbe{df cfwf/ If]qnfO{ /0fg}lts c8\8fdf abNg] d"n p2]Zosf ;fy ag]sf] of]hgf k|f/Dedf ljs]lGb|t Pl/of :t/df bh{gf}+ cleofg 6f]nLx?, hg>d ;+u7g lgdf{0f, /fhgLlt / ;+3if{;“u hf]8]/ kl/rflnt ePsf lyP . h;n] hgtf;“u k|ToIf 3/b}nf]df e]63f6, 5nkmn ub}{ /fhg}lts, pTkfbg, ljsf;–lgdf{0f / kmf}hL r]tgfsf] klg ljsf; u/fPsf] 5 . cleofgsf] qmddf ;a} hgtf kl/rflnt eO{ ;}Go kmf]l6{lkms]zg -a+s/, ;'?Ë, ;]G6«L kf]i6 / se/_sf] lgdf{0f, bh{gf}+ hgldlnl;of / hgkmd]{zgsf] u7g, tflnd, k|ljlwsf] tof/L, ljefuLo sfd -lzIff, :jf:Yo / ;~rf/_ ;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf 5g\ . h;df hgjfbL ljBfnosf] :yfkgf, Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]sf] :yfkgf, ufp“–6f]ndf cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] nflu :jod\;]jsssf] kl/rfng, cfo'j]{lbs / /;folgs cf}ifwL;DaGwdf :jf:YosdL{x?nfO{ tflnd cflb kb{5g\ .

dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sng, cfwf/ If]qdf hgjfbL lgjf{rgåf/f ;'b[9 hg;Qfsf] lgdf{0f / lj:tf/sf If]qdf Wjlgdtåf/f hg;Qfsf] lgdf{0f, cleofg cjlwleq ;DkGg ul/Psf 5g\ . bf]>f] r/0fdf ;Ifd zlQm s]lGb|t u/L PsLs[t sdf08 ub}{ kf6L{leqsf] u}/;j{xf/f k|j[lQsf sf/0fn] pTkGg ;d:ofaf/] 5nkmn ub}{ hg:t/df /x]sf] sdhf]/LnfO{ ;RofP/ xnrn / pynk'yn NofPsf] s'/f ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] 5 . h;df :yfgLo hgjfbL r'gfj pT;fxaw{s, hgtfsf] ;xeflutf / k|lt:kwf{n] ;+s]t ub{5 . o;sf ;fy} lhNnfdf a6flnogb]lv la|u]8 :t/sf hgldlnl;of / kmd]{zgsf] dflr{ª cleofg b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} cleofgn] kf6L{ leqsf] gf]s/zfxL sfo{z}nLlj?4sf] ;+3if{ klg j}1flgs tl/sfn] u/]sf] 5 .

;dLIff tyf ljbfO{ sfo{qmdsf] l/kf]6{dfly 5nkmn / dxTjk"0f{ k|lzIf0f, lhNnf OGrfh{÷;]qm]6/L tyf If]= Ao"= ;b:o s= lxtdfgaf6 ePsf] lyof] . /, kf6L{, s]Gb| / If]qsf 8s'd]G6 / ;s'{n/x?sf] cWoog klg sfo{qmddf ul/Psf] lyof] .

lhNnfaflx/sf cleofg 6f]nL M

;]=d= If]qsf] % lhNnfaf6 cleofg 6f]nLx? cfPsf lyP . h;df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ klZrd sdf08sf] ljz]if If]qaf6 s= w|'jsf] g]t[Tjdf ! cleofg 6f]nL sfnLsf]6df cfPsf] lyof] . /, cGo 6f]nLx?df aemfËaf6 s= ljhosf] g]t[Tjdf, s~rgk'/–88]Nw'/faf6 s= cl:dtsf] g]t[Tjdf / s}nfnLsf] s= ls/0fsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] !÷! cleofg 6f]nL lhNnfdf kl/rflnt ePsf lyP . PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf] nIonfO{ k"/f ug{ lhNnfn] 7f]; u/]sf] of]hgf cg';f/ s= w|''jsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] cleofg 6f]nLn] lhNnfsf k|To]s uf=h=;=df k'uL kf6L{ sfo{stf{, zxLb kl/jf/, e"ldut sfo{stf{sf kl/jf/, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf kl/jf/;“u cGtlqm{of, 5nkmn / e]63f6 u/]sf] lyof] . cGo 6f]nLx?n] lhNnfsf ufp“÷ufp“ 6f]ndf k'u]/ hgtf;“u >d, pTkfbgdf efu ln+b} ljsf;–lgdf{0f, ;+u7g lgdf{0f, /fhgLlts, 5nkmn, cGtlqm{of, k|lzIf0f cflb ;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] .

cleofg 6f]nLsf cleofgsdL{x?nfO{ o;} ;dLIff tyf ljbfO sfo{qmdaf6} cf–cfkm\gf] lhNnftkm{ ljbfO ul/Psf] lyof] . ljbfO eP/ hfg] cleofgsdL{x?nfO{ sfo{qmdsf cWoIfaf6 sfnLsf]6 lhNnf pBf]udf lgld{t !÷! emf]nf / !÷! j6f gf]6j's pkxf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . /, r'nL hg;f“:s[lts Knf6'gn] ljbfO uLt k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] eg] Pkm=Pd= hgu0ftGq /]l8of]sf ;~rfns s= ;'/hn] ljbfO dGtAo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm ljbfO sfo{qmddf ljbfO eP/ hfg] cleofg 6f]nLsf sdf08/ s= ljho, s= cl:dt / s= ls/0fn] dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ljbfO dGtJo /fVb} aemfË lhNnfsf s= ljhon] eGg'ePsf] lyof]– æaemfË lhNnfaf6 zxLb s= ljgo / s= ;'Gb/sf] /ut 6Lsf nufO{ cleofgsf] qmddf sfnLsf]6 cfp“bf oxf“sf ;f9] tLg ;o zxLbsf cfdfa'af;“u gof“ juL{o ;fOgf] uf“l;Psf] 5 . aemfËdf x'“bf xfdL sfnLsf]6nfO{ ;'g]sf] e/df a'em\bYof}+, cleofgsf] qmddf xfdL k|ToIf cfP/ oxf“sf] ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs, ;f“:s[lts hLjg / kl/l:ylt;“u 3'nldn x'g kfPsf 5f}+ . afh'/fsf s'?vf]nf / kf}0fLsf hgtf;“u juL{o ;fOgf] uf“l;Psf] 5 . pxf“n] cufl8 eGg'eof] – of] cleofg eg]sf] ;'4Ls/0f / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] kf6f] klg xf] .Æ otf hgk|lt/f]w cleofgaf6 dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{df gof“ pT;fx ylkPsf] clwsf+z ;xefuLx?n] atfPsf lyP .

sbd a'9f

1fg]Gb|–kf/; / ;"o{axfb'/sf] k'Tnf hNof]

sfnLsf]6 -/f:sf]6_÷ c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sfnLsf]6sf] cfof]hgfdf sdf08:t/Lof ælj/f]w ;ef sfo{qmdÆ sfnLsf]6 lhNnf sdf08 g+= @ sf] :o"gf uf=h=;= df eJo 9+un] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd d'Vou/L ut efb| $ ut] aemfËsf] a8fe}/jdf c=g]=d= ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ afh'/fsL ;lrj c~h' a/fn / sflt{s !* ut] afh'/fsf] s}nfzdf08f}df c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ afh'/fsL cWoIf Crfs'df/L zfxL, ;x–;lrj wgf pkfWofosf] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf slyt ;'/IffsdL{n] lgd{dtfk"j{s jLeT; 9+un] ul/Psf] xTofsf] lj?4df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . c=g]=d= ;+3-qmflGtsf/L_ afh'/fn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] d+l;/ !!, !@, !# ut] afh'/f aGb;“u} d+l;/ !# ut] sfnLsf]6 lhNnfdf lj/f]w sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;xefuL xhf/f}+ dlxnfx?n] /fhf 1fg]Gb|, k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf, kf/;, Kof/fh+u yfkf nufot cGo xTof/f zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Lsf] k'Tnf hnfPsf lyP .

lk7\o'“df afnaRrf ;d]t af]s]/ c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ lhGbfjfb, xTof/f] 1fg]Gb| ;/sf/ rflx+b}g, hgtf dfg{ kfO“b}g, xTofsf] abnf lnG5f}+–lnG5f}+, ;+;f/sf pTkLl8t dlxnfx? Ps xf}+ cflb gf/f–h'n';;lxt ;f] ;efdf pkl:yt dlxnfx?nfO{ lj/f]w ;efsf] dxTjaf/] :ki6 kfb}{ c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sfnLsf]6sL pkfWoIf ljBfs'df/L b]jsf]6fn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] eGg' eof]– Oltxf;sf s'g} klg n8fO“ / d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf dlxnfsf] j[xt\ / uxg\ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 .

d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf zxfbt k|FKt ug'{x'g] dxfg\ zxLbx? k|lt ! ldg]6 >4f~hln JoQm ub}{ ;'? ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf sdf08 g+= @ sf O~rfh{ s= lj/f6 / hgk|lt/f]w cleofgcGtu{t aemfª lhNnfsf cleofgsdL{ s= ljhon] jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf pTkLl8t dlxnfsf] e"ldsfaf/] :ki6 kfb}{ dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

/f}tx6 lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd

/f}tx6sf] kl/ro

cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]l;s d'n's g]kfnsf] dw]z If]qsf] dWodf cjl:yt /f}tx6sf] pQ/lt/ cflbjf;L tfdfª afx'No ePsf] kxf8L e"–efu, klZrdlt/ dw]zs} ef]hk'/L efiff afx'No /x]sf] af/f, k"j{df ef]hk'/L / d}ynLsf] ldl>t af]lng] efiff /x]sf] ;nf{xL / blIF0ftkm{ ef/tsf] laxf/ /fHosf] l;dfgf /x]sf] nueu %) ls=dL= nDafO{ @) ls=dL= rf}8fO ePsf] ;dtnLo cfoftsf/sf] If]q 5 . nueu !% k|ltzt kxf8L ;d'bfo / af“sL dw]zL ;d'bfosf] a;f]af; /x] klg efiffsf] lx;fan] #÷$ efiff af]Ng] hfltx? /x]sf] ;fdflhs ljljwtfo'Qm lhNnf xf] . r'/] kj{tsf] ;fdfGo @) k|ltzt kxf8L e"–efu / af“sL d}bfgL Onfsf eP klg !) k|ltzt 3gf h+un cf]u6]sf / s]xL e"–efu afUdtL Pjd\ nfn as}of gbLn] sAhf hdfPsf] 5 . oxf“ P]ltxfl;s sfnb]lv dfgj hfltsf] a;f]af; /x] klg kl5Nnf r/0fdf blIf0fsf] /]ndfu{ / pQ/sf] /fhdfu{ lgdf{0fkZrft\ g} b|'tt/ ultdf hg3gTj a9]sf] b]lvG5 . ls;fg / ufp“n] Onfsf ePsf] of] lhNnfdf ;8s, oftfoft Pjd\ l;+rfOsf] ljsf;nfO{ x]bf{ ?kdf ;'Gb/ ;DkGg b]lvP klg ;f/df ;fdGtL / gf]s/zfxL k'“hLjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGwx? ldl;Psf] lvr8L pTkfbg ;DaGw ljBdfg /xgfn] juL{o c;dfgtf tLa| /x]sf] 5 .

slyt pbf/Ls/0f / e"d08nLs/0fsf] gfp“df eO/x]sf] ;fd|fHojfbL / lj:tf/jfbL 3';k}7sf] sf/0f ;fgf tyf demf}nf /fli6«o pBf]u wGbfx?sf] l:ylt k|foM rf}k6 /x]sf] 5 . ljb]zL pBf]uwGbfsf] nflu o; lhNnfsf] ef/t;“usf] cf];f/k;f/df oftfoftsf] k|lts"n cj:yfsf] sf/0f klg cf}Bf]lus ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . oxf“sf] hg;+Vofsf] s/La @ k|ltzt hlt dfq >dzlQm pBf]u If]qdf, () k|ltzt s[lif IF]qdf / af“sL cGo ;]jfdf nfu]sf 5g\ . o;/L s[lifdf cfl>t ;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vofsf] !) k|ltzt hlt k"/} e"dLxLg 5g\ eg] ^% k|ltzt hgtfsf] xftdf !) k|ltzt hUuf, @% k|ltzt dWod ls;fgsf] xftdf @% k|ltzt hUuf / !) k|ltzt wgL ls;fg tyf ;fdGtsf] xftdf ^% k|ltzt hdLg 5 . o;/L hUufsf] c;dfg ljt/0fsf] sf/0f / sfd ug]{nfO{ hUufsf] cefj, s[lif pTkfbg ;DaGw k'/fg}, hg;+Vofsf] pRrtd a[l4 / hUufsf] ;Lldttfsf sf/0f /f]huf/L gkfP/ oxf“sf] >dzlQm ljb]l;g afWo eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fdGt, bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k'“hLkltju{n] dfq ljBdfg /fHo ;Qfaf6 nfe p7fO/x]sf] / af“sL (% k|ltzt hgtf ;a} ;fwg / >f]taf6 al~rt x'g'sf] ;fy} ljljw k|sf/sf zf]if0f / pTkL8gsf] df/df k/]sf 5g\ .

bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k'“hLkltx?sf] bjbaf /x]sfn] s[lif If]qdf cfl>t hgtfsf] l:ylt bogLo t 5“b}5, To;df klg v'Nnf l;dfgfsf] sf/0f laxf/L 8f“sf, n'6]/fx?sf] 3';k}7 Pjd\ n'6kf6, gSsnL ;fdfgsf] k}7f/Ln] emg\ hghLjg cfqmfGt aGb} uPsf] 5 . Psflt/ jiff{}+–jif{b]lv a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf dw]zL hgtf gful/stfljxLg 5g\ eg] /ftf/ft ef/taf6 l5/]sf zf]ifs ju{x? ;lhn} gful/stf kfO/fv]sf 5g\ . o; lhNnfsf] csf]{ ljs/fn ;d:ofsf] ?kdf gbL s6fg tyf af9L /x]sf] 5 . /f}tx6sf] s/La % k|ltzt e"ld cf]u6]sf] afUdtL / as}{of gbLn] xhf/f}+ lj3f hUuf s6fg ug]{ / jif]{gL af9Ln] hndUg kf/L s/f]8f}+sf] gf]S;fg x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

lxGb" wd{sf] dg'jfbL ljlwzf:qaf6 ;~rflnt of] ;dfh ljleGg hft pkhftdf ljeflht /x]sfn] e]befj Pjd\ 5'jf5"t cem klg ljs/fn 5 . s"n hg;+Vofsf] em08} @) k|ltzt hfltsf] blntx?df ljz]ift 8f]d, rdf/, b';fw, d';x/ hftx? lxGb"x?sf] j0ff{>d Joj:yf / 5'jf5"t k|yfsf] cdfgjLo pTkL8gsf] yk df/df kb}{ ;fdGtL lkt[;QfTds ;QfjfbL zf]if0fsf] lzsf/ x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ . 3'“36 k|yf / bfOhf] k|yfn] dlxnfx? yk pTkL8gsf] df/df kb}{ cfPsf 5g\ . slyt PsLs/0fkZrft\ /fHonfO{ lxGb" /fHo 3f]lift u/]sf]n] cGo wdf{jnDaLx? vf;u/L d'l:nd ;d'bfo wfld{s lyrf]ldrf]df /x]sf] 5 . yf?, /fO{, lwdfn, dfemL nufotsf cNk;+Vos hfltx? :yfgLo :t/df dw]zL Pjd\ v; kxfl8of afx'gjfbL cx+sf/af6 kLl8t 5g\ .

P]ltxfl;s /fhgLlts k[i7e"ld

g]kfnsf] slyt PsLs/0f eGbf k"j{ o; lhNnfsf] clwsf+z pQ/L efudf 3gfh+un / af“sL u|fdL0f a:tLx? P]ltxfl;s sfnb]lv cl:tTjdf /x]sf] dw]zL :jfoQ /fHo l;d|f}gu9df cfa4 lyof] . pQ/tkm{af6 l5gfemK6Lsf] l:ylt ljBdfg /x] klg dw]zL ;d'bfo cfly{s hLjg;lxt efiff / ;f“:s[lts lx;fan] :jtGq Pjd\ :jzfl;t lyP . t/ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] g]t[Tjdf yflnPsf] uf]/vf /fHo lj:tf/ cleofgcGtu{t sAhf lnPkl5 o; e"ldnfO{ cfºg} lx;fan] af“8kmf“8 ub}{ zf]if0f / pTkL8gsf] /fHo sfod u/] . o;/L of] e"ld pgLx?sf] o'4sf] nflu cfly{s >f]t dfq ag]g clkt' oxf“sf hgtfsf] /utkl;gf au]sf] pa{/ e"ld hflu/ v'jf, ljtf{, alS;; cflbsf] ?kdf ;]gf, ef/bf/ / /fhkl/jf/sf] :jfldTjdf s]lGb|t aGb} hfg yfn] . oxf“sf] cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf] efiff–;“:s[ltdfly pTkL8gsf] k|lqmof klg a9\b} uof] / /f0ffsfn z'? x'g] ljlQs} 8/nfUbf] pTkL8gsf] k|lqmof z'? eof] . /f0ff kl/jf/, u'? k'/f]lxt, efOef/bf/, wfld{s ;+Vof cflbsf] :jfldTjdf hflu/, ljtf{, u'7L cflbsf] ?kdf xhf/f}+ la3f hldg kg{ uO{ oxf“ hldGbf/L k|yf r/d cj:yfdf k'Uof] . /f0ffx? oxf“ 7"nf–7"nf b/af/ agfO{ a:g yfn]kl5 hgtfdf cdfgjLo pTkL8g cyf{t\ v'Nndv'Nnf anfTsf/ ug]{ / sf]/f{ a;f{pg] h:tf cTofrf/ sfod eof] .

Pp6f ljrf/0fLo s'/f] s] 5 eg] l;d|f}gu9dfly cfqmd0f x'“bf oxf“sf :yfgLo zf;sju{ b'Zdg ;fd' cfTd;dk{0f gu/L of] e"ld 5f]8\g k'u] . h'g s'/f l;d|f}gu9 IF]qdf IF]qLo hfltsf] cg'kl:yltn] ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L cflbjf;L zf;sju{n] b]vfPsf] :jfledfgL wf/sf hgtf afx'gjfbL ;fdGtL ;Qfsf zf;såf/f x'“b} cfPsf] cGofo, cTofrf/sf] lj?4 s'g} g s'g} ?kdf lj/f]w ub}{ cfP . @))^ ;fndf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf ePkZrft\ @))( ;fndf g} tL /f}tx6sf zf]lift–kLl8t hgtfn] ls;fg ;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf ls;fg cfGbf]ngdfkm{t\ ;fdGtL ;Qfk|ltsf] c;xdlt k|s6 u/] . zf]lift Pjd\ pTkLl8t hgtfn] ls;fg cfGbf]ngnfO{ tLa| kf/]/ 3'DtL ;/sf/;Dd rnfP . t/ g]tfx?sf] u2f/Ln] ubf{ cfGbf]ng lg0ff{os ljGb'df a9\g g;s] klg :yfgLo o'jfx?n] k6sk6s oxf“ ;fdGtL ;“:s[ltsf lj?4 slxn] bnfn, hfnL, km6fxf, ;fdGtx?sf] ædf]5 pvf8f]Æ gfdn] t slxn] …hL cfGbf]ngÚ, æslxn] esf/L kmf]/Æ t slxn]t æ;fs' cfGbf]ngÆ sf] gfdn] cfGbf]ng hf/L g} /fv] . To;} Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffdn] )!% ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s ;+;bLo cfdlgjf{rgdf /f}tx6sf] dxfg\ Gofok]|dL hg;d'bfon] Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s Pp6f lhNnfsf] b'O{j6f lgjf{rg If]qaf6 sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] b'O{j6f ;f+;b lhtfPsf] lyP . t/ g]tfx?sf] cfTd;dk{0fjfbL rl/qn] ubf{ /f}tx6 lhNnf qmflGtsf/L km8\sf] dfg{ g;sL ;+zf]wgjfbsf] efifdf km:g k'Uof] . To:tf] hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ @)!& ;fn kf}if ! ut]sf lbg /fhf dx]Gb|n] zfxL 3f]if0ff u/L k~rfotsfnLg sfn/fqLsf] z'?jft;“u} ls;fg cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL hgtfdfly Psflt/ Aofks ?kdf g} w/ks8 Pjd\ bdg ug{ yfn]kl5 oxf“sf :yfgLo hfnL, km6fxfåf/f l/;OjL ;f“Wg] sfd tLa| ePsf] / csf]{lt/ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] qmflGtsf/L nfOg 5f]l8;s]sf] x'gfn] :yfgLo :t/sf sfo{stf{ Pjd\ hgtf cGof]ndf kb}{ s]xL b'Zdg ;fd' cfTd;dk{0f ug{ k'u] eg] clwsf+zn] ;+zf]wgjfbL vf]ndf 6fpsf] n'sfP . ;fdGtL ;“:s[lt ljBdfg xfd|f] ;dfhdf hgtf ljrf/eGbf klg cd"s JolQm cyf{t\ d7fwLzsf] k5fl8 nfUg] k|j[lQnfO{ kqm]/ g} pQm d7fwLzx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} b|f]0f zdz]/ h=a=/f= x?sf] k~rfotsfndf /fhtGqnfO{ dha't kfg{ vf]h] . sf+u|];sf d'VotM z]v Olb|zx?n] sf+u|];sf g]tf Pjd\ sfo{stf{x?nfO{ k~rfotL Joj:yfdf ;dfj]z u/fP/ ljrf/eGbf klg ;Qfs} andf hgtfnfO{ sf+u|];k|lt k|efljt kfg]{ å}w rl/qsf] /fhgLlt u/] . k~rfotL sfndf bnx?dfly k|ltaGw /x]sf] sf/0f qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ nfOgsf s'/f hgtf;Dd k'lug/x]sf] cj:yf /x] klg :yfgLo :t/sf] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] k'/fg} nfOgsf] ;Dk|]if0f hf/L /fv]sf] sf/0f k~rfotL Joj:yf lj?4 ePsf] ;+3if{x? d'VotM @)#% ;fnsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf /fd|f] e"ldsf v]Nb} lgb{n / ax'bnsf] r'gfjdf ax'bnsf] kIFdf Jofks hgdt k'¥ofP .

@)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngaf6 b]zdf ax'bnLo Joj:yf k'g{:yfkgfkl5 b]zdf ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnx? /+ud~rdf cfPkl5 /fhgLlts ultljlw v'Nnf ?kdf hfg yfNof] . k~rfot sfnb]lv lhNnfsf] pQ/k"jL{ e]sdf dfn]sf] k|efj, klZrdtkm{ dfS;{jfbL ;d"xsf] k|efj /x] klg hgtfn] lji0f'axfb'/ dfgGw/nfO{ ls;fg cfGbf]ngdf sfd u/]sf] gftfn] qmflGtsf/L a'emL z'?df ;xof]u / ;dy{g u/] . t/ kf6L{sf] ;+zf]wgjfbL nfOg Psflt/ / csf]{ ;Qf zlQmdf k'Ug g;s]sf] sf/0f cj;/jfbLx? Pdfn]lt/ / qmflGtsf/Lx? dfcf]jfbLlt/ k|efljt x'g yfn] . @)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw ;+;bLo lgjf{rgkZrft\ ;Qfdf k'u]sf] Pdfn]sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL rl/q Pjd\ k6sk6s aGb} u/]sf] ax'/+uL ;/sf/sf] lqmofsnfkn] Pdfn]k|lt cfzf Pjd\ e/f];f /fv]sf] hgtf lg/fz x'g k'u] . o;/L of] ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] 5f]6} cjlwdf k|ltlqmofjfbL Pjd\ ;+zf]wgjfbLsf] c;nL cg'xf/ pbf¨f] eP/ hgtfnfO{ ;xL ljsNk vf]Hg k|]l/t u¥of] .

hgtfsf] ofjt ;d:ofx? ;+;bLo Joj:yfn] ;Daf]wg ug{ clnslt klg g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ n] lnPsf] bL3{sfnLg hgo'4, hftLo d'lQm;DaGwL cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/;lxtsf] -hftLo tyf IF]qLo_ :jzf;g / To;kl5 If]qLo d'lQm ;DaGwL P]ltxfl;s lg0f{ox?n] d'n'snfO{ :ki6 af6f] b]vfof] . o;n] lg/fz Pjd\ Aofs'n qmflGtsf/L hgtfnfO{ Hofg dfq lbPg cfd g]kfnL hgtfs} Xbo 5'g ;kmn /x\of] . cfh dxfg\ hgtfsf] Tofu, jL/tf, ;f}o{ Pjd\ alnbfgn] ubf{ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]jfbnfO{ k|r08kydf k'¥ofO{ b'lgof“ ;fd' gof“ r]tgf lbg ;kmn /x]sf] 5 . o;/L dxfg\ hgo'4sf] 5nf¨do ltn:dL ljsf; cfh x/]s lx;fan] zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] ljlzi6 Pjd\ pRr cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 / k|ltlqmofjfbLx? gfl;+b} emg\ kmfl;i6 x'“b} uPsf] 5 . ;+;bjfbLx? cs{d0otfdf k/L ljno x'“b} b'O{ w|'jdf s]lGb|t x'g yfn]sf] 5 . dxfg\ hgtf Pjd\ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Pskl5 csf]{ ;fxl;s wSsfaf6 ;fdGtL ;Qf xfb}{, ;f“3'l/+b} cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] a}zfvLdf zx/ Pjd\ /fhwfgLdf ;Lldt aGg k'u]sf] 5 . h;sf] kmn:j?k xfdL zf]lift–pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf] jf:tljs Pjd\ ;xL ;Qf :yfkgfsf] j:t'ut cj:yf tof/ ePsf] 5 .

gLlt tyf sfo{qmd M

cfh /f}tx6df klg xfdL lhNnf hg;/sf/df ;xefuL eO{ clxn]sf] j:t'ut w/ftndf 6]s]/ lhNnf h=;=sf] gLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf k|:t't ug{ uO/x]sf 5f}+ . sd/]8x? xfdL hgtfn] k"0f{?kn] lhltg;s]sf] cj:yfdf of] hg;/sf/ o'4sfnLg ;/sf/ xf] / xfd|f] klxnf] sfd gof“ hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ ;+3if{ g} d'Vo x'g] s'/f :jtM :ki6 5 t}klg xfdL cfzf u5f}{ of] gLlt tyf sfo{of]hgfn] hgtfs} w]/} xb;Ddsf] ;d:of xn ug{ af6f] vf]Ng]5 .

!= j}rfl/s tyf /fhg}lts sfo{ M

-s_ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kysf] ;}4flGts dfGotf cg';f /fhgLltnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ ;Dk"0f{ sfd ug]{ .

-v_ clxn]sf] o'4sfnLg ;dodf hgo'4sf] kIFdf hgdt h'6fpg uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] gf/fnfO{ Aofks k|rf u/L hglxtsf] kIFdf hgkl/rfng ug'{ g} d'Vo /fhgLlts sfd x'g]5 .

-u_ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ tyf hftLo :jzf;gsf] dfGotfcg'?k pTkLl8t ;d'bfonfO{ ;Qfdf ;xefuL u/fO{ qmflGtsf] kIFdf Jofks Pjd\ dha't Pstf a9fpg] .

-3_ dxfg\ hgo'4lj/f]wL Pjd\ zf]if0f pTkL8gsf] kIFw/ tTjx?sf] Aofks /fhgLlts e08fkmf]/ ub}{ hgtfnfO{ ;r]t kf/L ;+ul7t x'g k|]l/t ug]{ .

-ª_ qmflGtsf ;dy{s, z'elrGtsx?nfO{ :yfgLo hg;Qfdf ;xefuL x'g k]|l/t u/L ;xefuL u/fpg] .

-r_ b'Zdgåf/f km}nfp“b} cfPsf] e|dlj?4 hgr]tgf cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ .

@= ;fdflhs sfo{ M

!_lzIFf;DaGwL M

-s_ lzIff ;a}sf nflu lgMz'Ns eGg] gLltnfO{ nfu" ug]{ .

-v_ k'/fgf] cj}1flgs, :t'ltjfbL / k'“hLjfbL lzIFfsf] Aofks e08fkmf]/ ub}{ ;j{z'ne, /f]huf/d"ns / j}1flgs lzIFf k|0ffnLsf] k|rf/ ug]{ .

-u_ hgtfnfO{ Jofks ;fIF/tf lbnfpg k|f}9 sIFf ;~rfngdf hf]8 lbg] .

-3_ ;a} ljBfnox?df clgjfo{ ;“:s[t lzIFfnfO{ P]lR5sdf / slyt /fli6«o ufgnfO{ alxisf/ ug{ kxn ug]{ .

-ª_ k|fylds txdf dft[efiffdf cWoog cWofkgsf] nflu kxn ub}{ slDtdf gd"gf uf=h=;= sf] :s"ndf clgjfo{?kdf nfu" ug]{ .

-r_ dxfg\ hgo'4åf/f lgld{t gof“ tyf k'/fgf] nf]s;“:s[lt, ;+:sf/ / kj{x?nfO{ ef}ltsjfbL 9+un] ;'b[9, kl/dfh{g / ljsf; ug{ hgtfnfO{ pTk|]l/t ub}{ To;sf] ;d'lrt jftfj/0f ldnfpg kxn ug]{ .

@= -@_ ;f“:s[lts ;DaGwL M

-s_ kfZrfTo ;“:s[ltsf] lj/f]w Pjd\ e08fkmf]/ ub}{ gof“ ;“:s[lt / o'4 ;“:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{ clxn] ljz]iftM o'4af6 hlGdPsf] gof“ ;flxTo–snf– ;“:s[ltsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] .

-v_ ljjfx, a|taGw, sfhlqmof, k"hfcfhf, rf8kj{ cflbdf /x]sf] k/Dk/fut unt ;+:sf/x?nfO{ ?kfGt/0f u/L hgkIFLo, k|ultzLn tyf qmflGtsf/L ;“:s[ltsf] yfngL ug]{ .

-u_ cZnLn Pjd\ 5f8f uLltSof;]6, lkmlnd, kq–klqsf cflbdfly k|ltaGw nufp“b} o'jfx?sf] ;jf{¨L0f ljsf;sf nflu v]ns'b, dgf]/~hg cflbsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

@= ;fdflhs sfo{

@= -#_ efiff ;DaGwL M

-s_ oxf“ ef]hk'/L efiff afx'No /x]sfn] ef]hk'/L efiffsf] ;+:sf/, ;Da4{gsf] nflu ef]hk'/L efiff k|lti7fg :yfkgf ug{ bL3{sfnLg lx;fan] cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{ yfNg] .

-v_ k|zf;lgs n]vfk9L ef]hk'/L efiffdf ug{ kxn ub}{ ef]hk'/L af]lng] gd"gf uf=h=;= df clgjfo{ ?kdf nfu" ug]{ .

@= -$_ dlxnf tyf ;dfh sNof0f;DaGwL M

-s_ wfld{s pTkL8g, hftkft, 5'jf5"t, p“rgLr, 5f]/f5f]/L, dlxnf–k'?ifaLrsf] e]befj cflb h:tf ;fdflhs ljs[ltx?df k|ltaGw nufpg] .

-v_ 5f]/LnfO{ 5f]/f ;/x k}t[s ;DklQdf ;dfg xs lbnfpg] kxn ub{ ltns tyf bx]h k|yfdfly k|ltaGw nufpg] .

-u_ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] gful/stf kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIFt ub}{ slDtdf gd"gf uf=h=;= x?df hg:t/af6} gful/stf ljt/0f ;ldlt agfO{ gful/stfaf6 jl~rt ;a}nfO{ gful/stf ljt/0f ug]{ .

-3_ afn >d /f]Sg] tyf a[4 c;xfox?nfO{ ;+/If0f tyf ;fdflhs ;Ddfgsf] sfo{qmdx? ldnfpg] .

-ª_ ;dfhdf ljBdfg gf/L k|yf, afnljjfx, cgd]n ljjfx, ax'ljjfx cflb k|yfdfly k|ltaGw nufp“b} k|]d ljjfx, tyf ljwjf ljjfxnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .

-r_ ;fDk|bflos ;Qfsf] sf/0f dw]zL ;d'bfodfly x'“b} cfPsf] pTkL8g Pjd\ xf]Rofpg], x]Kg], s'8\ofpg] h:tf cdfgjLo e]befjk"0f{ ckdfgdfly s8f k|ltaGw nufp“b} ;Dk"0f{ gful/snfO{ ;Ddfghgs af“Rg kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIFt ug]{ .

-5_ b]z aflx/af6 / b]zleq b'a} lsl;dsf] a;fO“;/fO“df lgoGq0f ul/g] 5 .

$= -%_ :jf:Yo;DaGwL M

-s_ cf}iflw pkrf/ hgtfsf] df}lns clwsf/ eGg] dfGotfcg'?k ;a}sf] nflu :jf:Yo eGg] gLltnfO{ nfu" ul/g] .

-v_ k|f/lDes vfnsf] cf}iflw pkrf/sf] nflu lhNnfdf slDtdf Pp6f c:ktfnsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

-u_ cf}iflwdf cfTdlge{/tflt/ hf]8 lb+b} bIf lrlsT;sx?sf] l6d lgdf{0f u/L 3'DtL :jf:Yo lzlj/x? ;do ldnfP/ ;~rfng ug]{ .

-3_ ;8ssf 5]p5fpdf lb;f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ /f]Sg hgr]tgf clea[l4sf] sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf hf]8 lb+b} slDtdf gd"gf uf=h=;=x?df s8fOsf ;fy nfu" ug]{ .

%=Gofo;DaGwL M

-s_ Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] clGtd km};nf hg–cbfntdfkm{t\ lgM z'Ns x'g]5 / k'g/fj]bgsf] clwsf/ ;'/lIFt /xg]5 .

-v_ xfd|f] Gofo k|0ffnL juL{o kIFw/tfdf cfwfl/t x'g]5 / ck/fwLnfO{ ljz]iftM >dåf/f g} ?kfGt/0f ug]{ sf]l;; ug'{ kg]{5 .

#= cfly{s tyf ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ M

-s_ bnfn k'“hLkltx?sf snsf/vfgfx? hkmt ub}{ /fli6«o cy{tGqdf k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ vfnsf] ;Dk"0f{ cfly{s lqmofsnfkx?dfly /f]s nufO{ cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbOg]5 .

-v_ ;Dk"0f{ ljsf; lgdf{0f sfddf dfgjLo >dnfO{ cToflws hf]8 lbOg]5 .

-u_ æqmflGtnfO{ ks8 / pTkfbg a9fpmÆ eGg] gf/fnfO{ s[ifsx?aLr k|rf/ ub}{ Aofjxfl/s ?k lbg k|of; ug]{ .

-3_ s[lif pTkfbgdf hf]8 lb+b} pBf]u ljsf;lt/ s'l6/ pBf]u, 3/]n' pBf]u x'“b} cufl8 a9\g hgtfnfO{ k]|l/t ug]{ / o'4;fdfu|L pTkfbgsf] nflu slDtdf Pp6f pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ .

-ª_ qmflGtsf/L e"ld ;'wf/ nfu" ug{ hUuf ljt/0f ug]{, ;fdGtL, ;'bvf]/, xTof/f, ;'/fsL tyf u'7L ;+:yf h:tf hglj/f]wLx?sf] ck/fwsf] k|s[lt x]/L lagfd'cfAhf hUuf sAhf u/L ljt/0f jf ;fd"lxsLs/0f ug]{ .

-r_ s[lif ahf/sf] cfjZos Joj:yfkgsf] nflu kxn ug]{ .

-5_ ahf/df ljqmLljt/0fsf] nflu /fv]sf] gSsnL dn, vfB cf}ifwL, aLp OToflb hkmt ul/g]5 .

-h_ C0fL /sdsf] ;os8f jflif{s !) k|ltztsf] b/n] s8fOk"j{s nfu" ug]{ .

-em_ ls;fgsf] df]lxofgL xs sfod ug]{ tyf lqv08L k|yf nfu" ug]{ .

-`_ pTkfbgdf a[l4 Nofpg ;fd"lxs k4lt nfu" ug]{ . To;sf nflu ;xsf/L bn agfpg j}rfl/s sfo{ k"/f u/L gd"gf uf=h=;= df ;xsf/L bn agfpg kxn ug]{ .

-6_ jg–h+un, hn>f]t, vlgh, jGohGt', h8La'6L cflbnfO{ ;fj{hlgs pkef]u ljqmLljt/0f ug]{, hgtfx?s} kxndf jg;+/IF0f ljlgdo ;ldltx? agfpg] .

-7_ jg km8fgLnfO{ s8fOsf ;fy /f]Sg tyf e"–Ifo lgoGq0f / hnjfo' jftfj/0fnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg j[Iff/f]k0fsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg kxn ug]{ .

-8_ gbLn] aufP/ NofPsf] afn'jf, lu6L, s;}nfO{ k|lts"n c;/ gkfg]{ lsl;dn] hgtfs} kxndf ljqmLljt/0f ug]{ .

-9_ e"–;+/If0fsf] nflu t6aGw lgdf{0f tyf af9L /f]syfdsf] of]hgf / sfo{qmd agfpg cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{ yfNg] .

-$_ kmf}hL sfo{M

-s_ hgtfsf] ;'/Iff hg;ldltsf] dfGotfcg'?k hgldlnl;of lgdf{0f / ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ tLa|tf lb+b} cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ ;z:q agfpg] .

-v_ cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ kmf}hL r]tgfn] n}; ug]{ .

-u_ hgtfsf] xltof/ lng] clwsf/nfO{ :yflkt ub}{ ljb|f]x ug]{ clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

rf/ lhNnf aGb ;kmn

ufO3f6÷ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] /fHocft+s / hgxTofsf] lj/f]wdf cfof]lht Ps lbg] pbok'/ aGb ;kmn ePsf] 5 . hgjuL{o ;+u7g clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ / cg]ls;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ åf/f lhNnfdf cfÎgf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?sf] xTof ul/Psf] / /fHocft+s dRrfPsf] lj/f]wdf k'; #) ut] lhNnf aGbsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .

aGbaf6 ;b/d'sfd ufO3f6, s6f/L ahf/, a]n6f/ ahf/ / d's'{rf ahf/ k|efljt eP . aGbsf lbg lhNnfdf ;fOsn afx]s s'g} klg ;jf/L ;fwgx? rn]gg\ . aGbsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df lhNnfsf ljleGg efudf kmf}hL sfjf{xLx? ;d]t ;DkGg ePsf lyP .

o:t} /f}tx6af6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ k'; #) ut] g} blnt /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnåf/f cfof]lht /f}tx6 aGb eJo ?kdf ;kmn ePsf] 5 . blnt /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn /f}tx6sf cWoIf tyf hg;/sf/ ;b:o nfnaxfb'/ kf;jfgsf] zfxL ;]gfn] k';sf] klxnf] ;ftf 3/af6 kqm]/ xTof u/]sf] lj/f]wdf pQm aGb ul/Psf] lyof] .

aGbnfO{ cj1f ub{} rnfOPsf] ag]kfaf6 ;nf{xLsf] jonaf;tkm{ hf“b} u/]sf] gf=@v *$%# gDa/sf] r08]Zj/L 6«feN;sf] a;nfO{ k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{sf] rGb|lgufxk'/ ufh;–# wG;f/df hgof]4fx?n] cfuf] nufO{ Wj:t agfOlbPsf lyP .

aGbsf lbg lhNnf /fhdfu{df s'g} klg ;jf/L ;fwg rn]gg\ . lhNnfsf d'Vo ahf/ u?8f, ;dgk'/, rGb|lgufxk'/ / s6xl/of ahf/x? aGbsf lbg k"0f{ ?kdf aGb ePsf lyP . lhNnfleqsf lghL tyf ;/sf/L lzIf0f ;+:yfx?, snsf/vfgf ;d]t aGbsf lbg v'n]gg\ .

To;}u/L /fd]5fkaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ / dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_n] k'; #) ut] g} cfx\jfg u/]sf] /fd]5fk aGb ;kmn ePsf] 5 . cfÎgf ljleGg dfux? k"/f gu/]sf] / bf]/Daf 36gfsf] lj/f]wdf aGbsf] cfx\jfg ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 .

aGbsf sf/0f oftfoft ;]jf eg] 7Kk ePsf] 5 . /fd]5fkb]lv sf7df8f}+ hfg] / lhNnfleq ;~rflnt oftfoft ;fwg;d]t 7Kk /x] . lzIf0f ;+:yfx? aGb /x] eg] ;b/d'sfd dGynLdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/IFfsdL{n] ha/h:tL ahf/ vf]Ng nufPsf lyP .

PDa';df Ps k|x/Lsf] d[To', b'O{ ;]gf 3fOt]

;'v]{t÷ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] yfk]sf] Ps ljB'tLo w/fkdf k/L Ps ;z:q k|x/Lsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] b'O{ hjfg zfxL ;]gf ;Vt 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .

;'v]{tsf] xl/k'/ uf=h=;=df k'; #) ut] hg;]gfn] yfk]sf] w/fkdf k/L d[To' x'g k'u]sf ;z:q k|x/Lsf uf]ljGb vqLsf] 3/ bfr'{nf /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL 7fp“df zfxL ;]gfsf b'O{ hjfg hgs tfdfª / cd[t yfkf ;Vt 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . pQm 36gfdf hg;]gftkm{ eg] s'g} klg Iflt gePsf] ;Da4 >f]tn] hgfb]znfO{ atfPsf] 5 .

ljikmf]6g M

o;}aLr k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;]gfx?sf] rf}la;} 306f cfjthfjt eO/xg] 7fp“ e}/xjf / a'6jnsf] b'O{ gu/kflnsfdf hg;]gfn] ljikmf]6g u/fOlbPsf 5g\ . ;f] ljikmf]6g sf/jfxLaf6 gu/kflnsf ejg Ifltu|:t ePsf] 5 .

k'; #) ut] ePsf] ;f] ljikmf]6gn] e}/xjf / a'6jndf k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ yk r'gf}lt lbPsf] 5 . sfof{nosf] ;dodf ePsf] ljikmf]6gn] Toxf“sf sd{rf/Lx? cfZro{rlst ePsf 5g\ .

– k|]/0ff g]kfnL

;'v]{tdf hgk|lt/f]wsf] ;dLIff

;'v]{t÷ klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08n] to u/]sf] rf/ dlxg] PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofg ;'v]{t lhNnfdf ljleGg sfo{qmd;lxt ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ut d+l;/ !% b]lv !& ;Dd ePsf] ;dLIffTds sfo{qmddf If]qLo ;}Go Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf la=Pg= sld;f/ tyf PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofg ;'v]{tsf 6f]nL k|d'v s= k|tLs, s]Gb|Lo kf6L{ ;Nnfxsf/ s= lznf, cf/=lj=Pd= tyf sDkgL sld;f/ s= lht]Gb|, cf/=lj=Pd tyf l8=l;=P;= s= ;'bLk, sDkgL sld;f/ s= ;f]kmfg, lhNnf kf6L{ ;Nnfxsf/ s= ;d/ / s= hngsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .