dsjfgk'/df
la|u]l8o/sf] ;kmfof, k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;]gfx?sf] efubf}8
hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnsf
of]4fx?n] Pskl5 csf]{ ;kmn lgzfgfaf6 IftljIft x'“b} uO/x]sf] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{
u}/kmf}hL ?kdf klg eLif0f cfqmd0f ug]{ of]hgf ag]sf] 5 . b]z}el/ PDa'; /
sdf08f] cfqmd0faf6 /GylgPsf] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf lj?4 dw]zL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ /
clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_n] klg ljleGg ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd;lxt g]kfn aGbsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf 5g\ .
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;~rfnssf lj?4 ;+;bjfbL zlQmx? klg olta]n} ;zQm cfGbf]ngsf] tof/Ldf
h'l6/x]sfn] g]kfnsf] k'/fgf] ;Qf Oltxf;df slxNo} gAoxf]/]sf] ;+s6 Aoxf]l//x]sf]
5 .
cToGt
;'/lIft 3]/fdf /xg] u/]sf] zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] la|u]l8o/ hg/n ;d]t hgof]4faf6
pDsg ;s]g . cl:t sflt{s @( ut] dsjfgk'/ lhNnfdf ;fu/axfb'/ kf08] gfdsf]
zfxL ;]gfsf] la|u]l8o/ hg/n dfl/Psf] lyof] . of] xKtf b]zsf k|foM ;a} efudf
y'k|} PDa'; / sdf08f] cfqmd0f eP . o;/L hgof]4fsf] kmf}hL cfqmd0faf6 k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /x]sf] zfxL ;]gfdf ;d]t efubf}8 dlRrPsf] 5 . o;n]
zfxL ;]gfdf lj36gsf] k|lqmof ;'? ePsf] 5 .
hgof]4fn]
rf/}lt/af6 cfqmd0f ul//x]sf a]nf dw];L /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn / clvn g]kfn
dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_n] 5'§f5'§} ldltdf dw]; / g]kfn aGbsf] sfo{qmd NofPsf
5g\ . dw]zL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{n] d+;L/ @( ut] dw]; / dlxnf ;+u7gn]
kmfu'g @% ut] g]kfn aGbsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf 5g\ .
dw];L
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf ;efklt dft[sf ofbjsf cg';f/ d+l;/ # ut]b]lv @) ut];Dd
k|rf/–k|;f/, @! ut]b]lv @& ut];Dd hgsfjf{xL, @* ut] dzfn h'n'z / @( ut] dw];
aGbsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 .
b]zJofkL
?kdf cem ljz]ifu/L dw];df eO/x]sf] bdg / xTofsf lj?4 dw]; aGbsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
klg df]rf{sf g]tf ofbjn] hgfpg'ePsf] 5 .
dw];L
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] xfn} ;DkGg ;qm]6fl/o6 a}7sn] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf]
axfnL ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 u/]sf] klg yfxf ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L
b]zJofkL ?kdf eO/x]sf xTof, bdg / dlxnfdflysf] anfTsf/sf lj?4 clvn g]kfn dlxnf
;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_n] kmfu'g @% ut] -* dfr{_ sf lbg g]kfn aGbsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf]
s'/f clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL cWoIf hok'/L 3tL{n] Ps jQmJodfkm{t\
atfpg'ePsf] 5 . jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7 @# k]hdf lbOPsf] 5 . clvn
g]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog -qmflGtsf/L_ n] klg If]qLo txdf ;+3if{sf
sfo{qmdx? lbPsf] 5 .
ptf
nfdf] ;dob]lv ;+3if{ ls ;dk{0fsf] cGodg:s l:yltdf /x]sf ;+;bjfbL zlQm klg clxn]
cfP/ ;+3if{sf] af6f]lt/ pGd'v ePsf] b]lvG5 . clwsf+z hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{
dfcf]jfbL;“u k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;+o'Qm eP/ hfg]af/]df h;/L rrf{ rln/x]sf] 5, o;n]
;'vb ;+s]t b]vfPsf] 5 . ;fdGtL zlQmsf lj?4 OdfGbf/Lk"j{s hgzlQm Ps eP/
hfg] xf] eg] k'/fgf] ;Qf ca nfdf] ;do l6Sg ;Sg] 5}g .
;a}lt/af6
cnuynu eO;s]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qf ca cfkm\gf] arfpsf nflu )$^ ;fndf /5\ofgdf k'¥ofO;s]sf
d08n]x?nfO{ prfn]/ cfkm\gf] cl:tTj /Iffsf] nflu clGtd n8fO“ nl8/x]sf] 5 .
hgtfaf6 abgfd JolQmx?nfO{ /fv]/ /fhfåf/f agfOPsf] /fhkl/ifbnfO{ clxn] /fhgLltdf
cf]/flnPsf] 5 . /fhfsf pQ/flwsf/Ldfq} 5fGg] clwsf/ lgwf{l/t ul/Psf]
;+u7gnfO{ /fhgLlt ug{ ptfg'{n] ca /fhfnfO{ arfpg /fhkl/ifb dfq /x]sf] :ki6 ePsf]
5 .
clxn] rf}tkmL{ ;+s6sf] 3]/fdf /x]sf] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ ;a}lt/af6 clGtd k|xf/ ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . kmnfd tft]sf] a]nfdf 7f]s] dfq To;n] cfsf/ lng]5 . Oltxf;df af/Daf/ wf]sf kfp“b} cfPsf] ;fdGtL zlQmaf6 cem} s]xL ;sf/fTds sfd xf]nf eg]/ a:g] xf] eg] csf]{ 7"nf] wf]sf x'g]5 . b]zsf] b'O{ ltxfO{eGbf a9L e"efuaf6 a9fl/Psf] cd]l/sL bnfn k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ s;}n] sf“w yfK5 eg] To;sf] klg To;};“u ktg clgjfo{ 5 .
hgtfsf]
ljho gx'“bf;Dd nl8/xg] k|lta4tf
æb'Zdgsf]
slyt o'lgkmfO8 sdf08n] p;sf] ;antfnfO{ xf]Og oyfy{df p;sf] b'a{ntfnfO{ JoQm ul//x]sf]
5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] Jofkstf / hg;]gfsf] /0fsf}znsf sf/0f Aof/]s / ;b/d'sfd
jl/kl/ lagf abL{ rf]/Ll5kL hgtfsf] xTof ug]{ /IffTds /0fgLltdf ws]ln+b} uPsf]
slyt ;]gfnfO{ ca s'g} klg ?ksf] sdf08n] arfpg ;Sg] 5}g .Æ
pNn]lvt
s'/f g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf s= k|r08n] xfn} hf/L ug'{ePsf]
jQmJodf atfpg'ePsf] xf] . pxf“n] Oltxf;df slxNo} / sxL+ klg ;fdGtL b/af/sf]
e/f}6] ;]gfnfO{ k/f:t / lj36g gu/L hgtfsf] d'lQm / k|hftGq k|fKt gePsf] klg
jQmJodf pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 .
cWoIf
s= k|r08n] hf/L ug'{ePsf] jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7– æj}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfbsf]
s7k'tnL aGg k'u]sf] k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfn], g]kfnL hgtfsf] kl/jt{g, zflGt /
k|ultsf] r]tgf / cfs+Iffsf lj?4 ljz'4 ;}Go kmfl;jfbsf] k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5 .
lbglbg} bh{gf}+sf] ;+Vofdf hgtfsf] xTof ug'{, ckx/0f ug'{ / j]kQf kfg'{,
dlxnfx?dfly anfTsf/sf cdfg'l;s cTofrf/ ug'{ cfh cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] ef8fsf
l;kfxLdf ktg ePsf] slyt zfxL ;]gfsf] b}lgs sfo{ aGg k'u]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;fdGtL
;Qfåf/f b]z / hgtfdfly eO/x]sf] of] h3Go ck/fwsf tfgfjfgf ljb]zL zlQmsf] u'?
of]hgfcGtu{t d+rg ul/Psf] s'Voft b/af/ xTofsf08;“u k|ToIf?kn] uf‘l;Psf] oyfy{
cfh lglj{jfb9+un] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . b/af/ xTofsf08sf] ;du| k|s[ltsf] cWoogsf
cfwf/df xfd|f]
kf6L{n] ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]k / ;fdGtL k|ltudgsf ;DaGwdf lgsfn]sf lgisif{ /
Tolta]n} gSsnL /fhtGqsf lj?4 Pstfa4 / lg0ff{os cfGbf]ngsf lgldQ ;+;bleq / aflx/sf
/fhg}lts bnx?, af}l4s JolQmTjx?x? Pj+ cfd hg;d'bf;+u ul/Psf ckLnx?sf] j}1flgstf
/ P]ltxfl;stf cfh emg\ /fd|f];“u k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . b]zsf] ;du| u|fdL0f
Onfsf / cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf] dg dl:tisaf6 ;Dk"0f{?kn] lj:yflkt aGg k'u]sf]
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qf clxn] ;fd|fHojfbsf] lg/Lx uf]6L / ;}Go kmf;Ljfbsf] 3[l0ft
k|jQmfsf ?kdf abgfd / l;ldt aGg uPsf] 5 . ;j{gf;sf] ;+3f/df k'u]sf] /fi6«3ftL,
efOdf/f / hgxTof/f] ;fdGtL lu/f]xn] cfkm\gf] cl:tTjsf] clGtd k|bz{gsf?kdf cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbåf/f lgb]{lzt æo'lgkmfO8 sdf08Æ sf] /fu cnflk/x]sf] 5 .
t/
O/fso'åkl5 ljZjJofkL ?kdf g]kfnL hgtfsf] gh/df ;d]t cfw'lgs lx6n/sf ?kdf abgfd
;fd|fHojfbL gfOs]x?sf klg if8oGq ;kmn x'g] 5}gg\ . b'Zdgsf] slyt o'lgkmfO8
sdf08n] p;sf] ;jntfnfO{ xf]Og, oyfy{df p;sf] b'j{ntfnfO{ JoQm ul//x]sf] 5 ..
dxfg hgo'åsf] Jofkstf / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] /0fsf}znsf sf/0f Aof/]s / ;b/d'sfd jl/kl/
lagf alb{df rf]/L5LkL hgtfsf] xTof ug]{ /IffTds /0fgLltdf ws]ln+b} uPsf] slyt ;]gfnfO{
ca s'g} klg ?ksf] sdf08n] arfpg ;Sg] 5}g .. jf:tljstf of] /x]sf] 5 ls
o'lgkmfO8 sdf08sf] gfddf ;}lgsLs/0fnfO{ ltj| kf/L )$^ ;fnd} hgtfåf/f bfx–;+:sf/
ul/Psf] k+rfotL e"t Jo"tfpg] if8oGq;+u} k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;}Go k+lQmdf
dflyb]lv tn;Dd rsf]{ cGt{snxsf] e'd/L kl//x]sf] 5 . ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf 7f“p
7f“paf6 æzfxL ;]gfÆ / æk|x/LÆsf tNnf hjfgx? hflu/ 5f]8]/ eflu/x]sf 5g\ .
slyt æo'lgkmfO8 sdf08Æ gdfGg] sdf08/x? jvf{:t ug]{, tNnf hjfg / k|x/Lx?nfO{
Aof/]sd} oftgf lbg] k|ls|of klg tLj| eO/x]sf] 5 . otf xfd|f] kf6L{ / o;sf]
g]t[Tjdf rNg] hgd'lQm ;]gf eg] ;fdGtL k|ltudg / ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]ksf lj?å
h:tf];'s} d"No r'sfP/ klg hgtfsf] ljho gx'“bf;Dd n8\g] gof‘ /0fg}lts
of]hgf / cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy cufl8 al9/x]sf] / al9/xg] 5 .
lxhf]
hg–rfxgf cg';f/ k'/fgf] ;Qf;+u jftf{ rln/x]sf] a]nf To;nfO{ c;kmn kfg]{ if8\oGqdf
;d]t cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] xft /x]sf] tYodf xfd|f] kf6L{ ;a}sf] Wofg cfslif{t ug{
rfxG5 . jftf{ cjlwd} xfd|f] kf6L{ lj?å slyt cft+sjfbsf] cg';Gwfg ug]{
3f]if0ff u/]/ tyf k'/fgf] ;Qf;“u kf‘r jif]{ ;dembf/L sfod u/]/ dfq xf]Og
clkt' bf]/Daf xTofsf08;Ddsf ck/fwdf cfkm"åf/f lslgPsf æzfxL ;]gfÆ sf
gfOs]x?nfO{ lgb]{lzt u/]/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbåf/f jftf{ c;kmn kfg]{ if8oGq u/]sf]
/x:o cfh v'ln;s]sf] 5 . clxn] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] kf]ln6 Ao"/f]sf] a}7sn]
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;}Go kmfl;jfbsf lj?4 b]z / hgtfsf] lhDd]jf/L lng] tyf kmf}hL
sfo{jfxLsf ?kx?df kl/dfh{g ug]{ h:tf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] nuQ}
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] xfd|f] cfGbf]ngnfO{ slyt cft+sjfbsf] lni6df r9fpg] 3f]if0ff
ug'{ tyf æo'lgkmfO8 sdf08Æsf gfddf ;}lgsLs/0f tLj| kfg{
cfkm\gf bnfnx?nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug'{n] p;sf] lgotnfO{ :ki6 u/]sf] 5 ..
j:t'tM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbåf/f g]kfnL hgtfsf lj?4 eO/x]sf oL tdfd if8oGqsf k5fl8
g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 /0fg}lts cjl:ylt Pj+ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] /fli6«o cfTd;d{k0fjfbaf6
kmfObf p7fP/ blIf0f Plzof Pj+ rLgdfly ;d]t k|e'Tj s:g] bL3{sfnLg /0fgLltn] sfd
u/]sf] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf 5}g .
P]ltxfl;s?kn]g} ;8]un]/ ljs[t alg;s]sf] ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfbnfO{ ;d"n gi6 u/]/ b]z / hgtfn] jf:tljs cu|ult lng] ;do ca glhs cfO;s]sf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbL bnfn / k|ltudgsf v]tfnfx?sf jsjf;n] k|hftflGqs qmflGt k"/f ug]{ dxfg\ g]kfnL hgtfsf] P]ltxfl;s ldzgnfO{ /f]Sg ;Sg] 5}g . clkt' of] ldzgsf lj?å v8f x'g] tTjx? Oltxf;sf s"8fs/s6df ldNsfOg] 5g\ . xhf/f}+ dxfg\ zxLbx?sf] /utåf/f k|Hjlnt hgqmflGtsf] dzfnn] cGttM k|ltudgnfO{ v/fgL kf/]/ g]kfnnfO{ gof‘ o'udf k|j]z u/fpg] 5 . ;fdGtjfbsf juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo / lnËLo pTkL8gsf lj?4 ;r]t hg;d'bfosf] x‘'sf/sf cufl8 s]xL l6Sg] 5}g . Oltxf;df slxNo} / slx+ klg ;fdGtL b/af/sf] e/f}6] ;]gfnfO{ k/f:t / lj36g gu/L hgtfn] d'lQm / k|hftGq k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . g]kfn To;sf] ckjfb x'g} ;Qm}g . ;fdGtL b/af/sf ef8fsf l;kfxLåf/f k|hftGqsf] /Iff x'g ;Sg] e|d g]kfndf w]/} eO;s]sf] lyof] / dxfg hgo'ån] Tof] e|dnfO{ lrl//x]sf] 5 . cGtdf ;fdGtL k|ltudgsf/L tTjsf if8\oGq / e|ddf gk/L k|hftflGqs qmflGtnfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg ug]{ dxfg\ P]ltxfl;s sfo{df Psh'6 x'g xfdL b]zsf ;a} /fhg}lts bn, af}l4s Pjd\ gful/s ;dfh tyf cfd hg;d'bfo;“u xflb{s ckLn ub{5f}+ . ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztf / ;}Go kmf;LjfbnfO{ gi6 ul/;s] kl5 @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] dfGotf cg';f/ jx'bnLo k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ xfd|f] k|lta4tfdf z+sf gug{ b]zsf hgkIfLo /fhg}lts bnx?;“u xfdL ljz]if cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
k"j{df
tLg lbg lzIf0f ;+:yf aGb
clvn g]kfn /fli6o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog -qmflGtsf/L_sf]
k'jL{ sdf08n] d+l;/sf] @!, @@ / @# ut] tLg lbg k"j{sf ;Dk"0f{ lzIf0f
;+:yfx? aGb ug{ cfJxfg u/]sf] 5 . d]rL, sf]zL, ;u/dfyf, hgsk'/ / afudtL tyf
gf/fo0fLsf s]xL e"–efu ldnfP/ k"jL{ sdf08 agfOPsf] 5 .
k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f k"j{df eO/x]sf] xTof, bdg, w/ks8sf] lj/f]w / z}lIfs dfu k"/f u/fpg k"j{ aGbsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] s'/f ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] hgfPsf] 5 .