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cS6f]j/ qmflGtlbj; / k|r08kysf] dxTj

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hgu0ftGq g]kfn /]l8of]sf] b]zJofkL Pkm=Pd= k|;f/0f k|f/De *^ cf}+ cS6f]a/ qmflGt lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df x'g' 7"nf] P]ltxfl;s dxTj / v'zLsf] s'/f xf] . lsgls cfh h;/L ljZje/sf ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf/Lx?n] dxfg\ cS6f]j/ qmflGt lbj; xiff]{Nnf;sf ;fy dgfO/x]5g\ To;/L g} tL ;a}sf] Wofg PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ;DejtM ;aeGbf cu|0fL g]kfnsf] ;j{xf/fjfbL cfGbf]ngdf s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] Tof] z'ecj;/df xfdLn] dxfg\ n]lggsf] g]t[Tjdf ;DkGg cS6f]j/ qmflGtsf P]ltxfl;s lzIffx?sf] cfnf]sdf clxn] g]kfndf tLa| ultn] ljhosf] lzv/lt/ cl3 al9/x]sf] gof“ hgjfbL cfGbf]ng / To;sf] lgb]{zs ljrf/>[ª\vnf k|r08kysf] ljz]iftf / dxTjaf/] rrf{ ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 .

cS6f]j/ qmflGttfsfsf] ljZjkl/l:ylt / clxn]sf] ljZjkl/l:ylt w]/} cy{df ldNbf]h'Nbf] 5 . ;g\ !*&! df ;DkGg k]l/;sf dhb'/x?sf] P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]x / To;åf/f :yflkt k]l/; sDo'gsf] k/fhokl5 em08} cfwf ztfAbLsf] ;do ljZje/ ;fd|fHojfb, k|ltlqmofjfb / cj;/jfbsf] huhuLsf] ;do lyof] . k"“hLjfbsf] ;fd|fHojfbdf ljsf;sf] ;fy;fy} Psflt/ ljZje/ k"“hLsf] lgof{t / pklgj]zjfb lj:tf/sf] xf]8 lyof] eg] csf]{lt/ To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k s'nLg dhb'/x? (labour aristocracy) sf] pTklQn] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfb, ;'wf/jfb / ;+;bjfbsf] af]njfnf sfod x'g k'u]sf] lyof] . k/Gt' k|s[lt / ;dfh ljsf;sf] åGåfTds lgod / k|lqmofcg'?k Tof] alx/L l:y/tf / :yfloTjleq eoª\s/ cGt/lj/f]w / pynk'ynsf] e'“d/L klg x's{+b} uO/x]sf] lyof] . klxnf] ljZjo'4 tyf cS6f]j/ qmflGtsf] k[i7e"ld tof/ eO/x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] Psflt/ ljZje/sf k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;sx? / bf];|f] -sDo'lg:6_ cGt/f{li6«osf cj;/jfbLx? aflx/L ;fd|fHojfbL r'/Lkm'/LnfO{ x]/]/ qmflGtsf] hdfgf l;l4Psf] kmnfsf] nufO/xsf x'Gy] eg] csf]{lt/ dxfg\ n]lggsf] g]t[Tjdf af]N;]les qmflGtsf/Lx?n] leqleq} kfls/x]sf] cGtlj{/f]wnfO{ 7Ls;“u 7DofP/ cS6f]j/ qmflGt ;DkGg u/]sf lyP .

clxn] em08} Ps ;o jif{kl5 aL;f}+ ztfAbLdf ;DkGg ePsf ;a} ;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtx? k|ltqmflGtdf kl/0ft eP/ k'gM cS6f]j/ qmflGtk"j{sf] l:ylt h:tf] aGg k'u]sf] 5 . Tolta]nfem}+ clxn] klg ;fd|fHojfbLx? slyt j}ZjLs/0f / pbf/Ls/0fsf] gfp“df ljZjJofkL gjpklgj]zjfbsf] hfnf] km}nfpg t“5f8d5f8 ul//x]5g\ / k|ltlqmofjfbL tyf cj;/jfbLx? qmflGtsf] o'u l;l4Psf] cfTd/ltk"0f{ k|rf/ ul//x]5g\ . csf]{lt/ Tolta]nfsf af]N;]lesx? em}+ clxn]sf dfcf]jfbLx? ;fdGtjfb, k“"hLjfb / ;fd|fHojfb /lx/x];Dd tLleq clgjfo{ ?kdf sfod /xg] zq'tfk"0f{ cGtlj{/f]wx?sf lgodx?nfO{ kQf nufP/ ljZjJofkL?kdf ;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ tof/L ul//x]5g\ . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfndf rln/x]sf] dxfg\ hgo'4 ToxL ljZjJofkL qmflGtsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s8L xf] .

PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ;'?df clxn] xfdLn] ug]{ qmflGt ;g\ !(!& df ;DkGg dxfg\ cS6f]a/ qmflGt hlQs} o'ufGtsf/L dfq geP/ sltko cy{df Tof]eGbf klg hl6n x'g] lglZrt 5 . lsg ls ca xfdLn] ;fd|fHojfb / k|ltlqmofjfblj?4 qmflGt dfq gu/]/ qmflGtkZrft\ x'g] k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg] pkfo ;d]t vf]Hg'k/]sf] 5 . cflv/ ljZjnfO{ g} xNnfpg] dxfg\ cS6f]j/ qmflGtåf/f :yflkt ;f]leot ;Qf lsg ;g\ !(%^ kl5 gf]s/zfxL k"“hLjfbL ;Qfdf ktg eP/ cGttM gf¨f] k"“hLjfb / ;fd|fHojfbdf lj;h{g x'g k'Uof] < lsg dxfg\ n]lggsf] g]t[Tjdf :yflkt af]N;]les kf6L{ Pp6f k"“hLjfbL kf6L{df ktg x'gk'Uof] < lsg nfvf}+–s/f]8f}+ dhb'/x?sf] /utn] l;l~rt / bf];|f] ljZjo'4df kmf;LjfbnfO{ w"nf] r6fpg ;Sg] nfn;]gf ;lhn} k"“hLjfbL ;]gfdf ?kfGtl/t x'gk'Uof] < clg lsg dxfg\ dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf lgld{t rLlgof“ kf6L{, ;]gf / ;Qfsf] ktg klg dfcf]sf] d[To' ;“u;“u} x'gk'Uof] < oL k|Zgx?sf] ;xL / j}1flgs hjfkm vf]h]/ dfq} xfdLn] gof“ ztfAbLdf gof“ qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ / To;nfO{ hf]ufP/ ju{ljxLg, /fHoljxLg ;fDojfb;Dd k'Ug ;Sg]5f}+ . cWoIf s= k|r08sf g]t[Tjdf dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbnfO{ g]kfnL wtL{df k|of]u ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ljsl;t ljrf/–>[ª\vnf …k|r08kyÚ n] oxL k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 / To;nfO{ cem} ljsl;t / kl/dflh{t ug{ xfdLn] ljz]if Wofg lbg'k/]sf] 5 .

xfd|f] kf6L{sf] s]xL ;doklxn] ;DkGg s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] æPSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;af/]Æ eGg] Pp6f c;fWo} dxTjk"0f{ k|:tfj kfl/t u/]/ cfd kf6L{kª\lQm / hg;d'bfoaLrdf 5nkmnsf] lglDt n}hfg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . Tof] hgjfbsf] ljsf;sf] k|Zg d'Vo ?kdf gof“ 9ª\usf] ;j{xf/f kf6L{, ;]gf / ;Qfsf] lgdf{0fsf] k|Zg;“u ;DalGwt 5 / To;sf] lglDt xfdLn] dfcf] / dxfg\ rLlgof“ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[ltsf] ;fy;fy} cem} k5fl8 kms]{/ n]lgg / dxfg\ cS6f]j/ qmflGtsf cg'ejx?af6 l;Sg h?/L 5 .

;xL ;j{xf/fjfbL kf6L{sf] lgdf{0fdf n]lggn] ;aeGbf a9L hf]8 lbg'ePsf] k|Zg ;xL ljrf/sf] k|Zg xf] . ;+zf]wgjfb, ;'wf/jfb, c/fhstfjfb, ;+sL0f{tfjfb, u'6jfbnufot ;a}vfn] cj;/jfblj?4 v'nf / :ki69¨n] ;ª\3if{ rnfP/ g} af]N;]les kf6L{sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] lyof] / To;n] cS6f]j/ qmflGtsf] ;kmn g]t[Tj u/]sf] lyof] . kf6L{leq hgjfb / s]Gb|Lotfsf] ;xL cEof;af6 dfq} kf6L{n] qmflGtsf/L rl/q hf]ufO/fVg ;S5 eGg] csf]{ 7"nf] n]lggjfbL dfGotf xf] . hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf;DaGwL n]lggn] k|ltkfbg ug'{ePsf] ;aeGbf dxŒjk"0f{ l;4fGt xf]– æ5nkmnsf] :jtGqtf / sfd–sfjf{xLdf Ps?ktfÆ ("Freedom of discussion and unity in action") . of] …5nkmnsf] :jtGqtfÚ cyf{t\ hgjfb / …sfdsfjf{xLdf Ps?ktfÚ cyf{t\ s]Gb|LotfaLrsf] ;xL ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ g;s]/ g} cS;/ ;a} sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?sf] ktg ePsf] s'/f ljut Ps ztfAbLsf cg'ejx?n] k'li6 ul/;s]sf 5g\ . To;/L g} kf6L{ eg]sf] ju{ / hg;d'bfosf] cu|b:tf x'gfn] kf6L{sf] lqmofsnfkdf ;Dk"0f{ ;j{xf/fju{ / pTkLl8t hg;d'bfosf] ;lqmo lgu/fgL ;'lglZrt ul/g'k5{ / kf6L{n] ;j{xf/f rl/q u'dfPdf csf]{ kf6L{sf] 5gf}6 ug]{ jf gof“ kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug]{ clwsf/ Uof/]06L ul/g'k5{ eGg] n]lggsf] :ki6 b[li6sf]0f /x]sf] lyof], h'g ljljw sf/0fjz kl5 ?;df / ljZje/ sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]g . Tof] cg'ejaf6 l;s]/ g} clxn] xfd|f] kf6L{n] hgtfsf] hgjfbdf c? kf6L{x?nfO{ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;“u …;xof]ufTdsÚ dfq xf]Og …k|lt:kwf{TdsÚ ;xcl:tTj sfod ug]{ :jtGqtf x'g'k5{ eGg] dfGotf cl3 ;f/]sf] xf] .

;]gf g} ;a} juL{o /fHo;Qfx?sf] d]?b08 ePsfn] ;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtn] k'/fgf] k|ltlqmofjfbL :yfoL tyf k]z]j/ ;]gfnfO{ e¨ u/]/ cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ g} ;z:q ug]{ gof“ 9¨sf] ;]gf lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ eGg] cS6f]j/ qmflGtn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ l;4fGt xf] . k/Gt' kl5 ;fd|fHojfbL cfqmd0f / cfGtl/s k|ltqmflGtsf/L ljb|f]x;“u h'em\g tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf] gfp“df h'g :yfoL nfn;]gf lgdf{0f ul/of] Tof] qmdzM hg;d'bfoaf6 s6\b} uP/ gf]s/zfxL k"“hLjfbL ;]gfdf ?kfGtl/t ePsf] ut ztfAbLsf cg'ejx?n] k'li6 u/] . To;}n] ca xfdLn] k'gM cS6f]j/ qmflGtsf] ;'?sf] r/0fdf elgPsf] æhg;d'bfosf] ;z:q ;d'b|Æ ("Armed sea of the masses") lgdf{0f ug]{ lbzfdf Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{k5{ eGg] k|r08kysf] kmf}hL dfGotf xf] .

clxn];Ddsf Oltxf;sf ;a} juL{o /fHo;Qfx?n] cNk;ª\Vos zf]ifsju{sf] kIfdf ax';ª\Vos zf]liftju{dfly ank|of]u jf clwgfosTjsf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . To;}n] cS6f]j/ qmflGtkZrft\ dhb'/, ls;fg / ;}lgsx?sf] ;f]leot -jf hgkl/ifb\ jf People's Council) sf] ?kdf :yflkt gof“ ;Qfsf] rl/q o; cy{df ;a} k'/fgf ;Qfx?eGbf leGg lyof] ls o;n] ax';ª\Vos hg;d'bfosf] kIfdf cNk;ª\Vos zf]ifsju{dfly dfq} ank|of]u jf clwgfosTj sfod ub{Yof] / cfd >ldsju{x?nfO{ k"0f{ hgjfbsf] k|Tofe"lt ub{Yof] . ;f]leot hgjfb c? ;a}vfn] ;+;bLo jf cGo hgjfbx?eGbf o; cy{df pTs[i6 lyof] ls To;df sfo{sfl/0fL / Joj:yflksfsf b'j} clwsf/ s]lGb|t lyof], ;f]leotx?sf] r'gfj hg;d'bfosf] k|ToIf ;xeflutfdf x'GYof], lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?nfO{ hg;d'bfon] aLr}df lkmtf{ af]nfpg ;Sy], /fHosf ;a} dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox? l56f]l56f] a:g] ;f]leotx?sf] dxflwj]zg jf ;Dd]ngx?n] ub{y] / ;du|df /fHo;Qfdf cfd hg;d'bfosf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf / lg/Gt/ lgu/fgL tyf lgoGq0f /xGYof] . k/Gt', sfnfGt/df ;f]leotx? lgl:qmo aGb} uP, ltgLx?sf] lgjf{rg cf}krfl/stfdf ;Lldt x'“b} uof], hg;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf, lgu/fgL / lgoGq0f x/fp“b} uof] / ;f]leot ;Qf Pp6f eoª\s/ gf]s/zfxL ;+oGqdf kl/0ft x'gk'Uof] . ljutsf oL s6' cg'ejx?af6 l;s]/ k|r08kyn] gof“ /fHo;Qfdf hg;d'bfosf] lg/Gt/ ;lqmo ;xeflutf, lgu/fgL / lgoGq0f ;'lglZrt ug]{ ljlwx? nfu" ug]{ / ;Qfsf] gf]s/zfxLs/0f x'gaf6 /f]s]/ To;nfO{ qmdzM hg;fu/df ljnf]kLs/0f ub}{ n}hfg] gLltdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . To:tf gof“ ljlwx? xfd|f] ;Gbe{df xfdL cfkm}n] vf]Hb} hfg'kg]{ :jtM :ki6 5 .

cS6f]j/ qmflGtsf] ;Gbe{df n]lggn] lgs} hf]8 lbg'ePsf] / xfd|f] jt{dfg kl/j]zdf klg lgs} ;fGble{s /x]sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg eg]sf] hgjfbL qmflGt / ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] ;dfof]hg (fusion) xf] . n]lggsf] kfnfsf] ?; k'“hLjfbL ;fd|fHojfbL r/0fdf k'lu;s]sf] eP klg Toxf“ ;a} If]qdf ;fdGtjfbsf cjz]if lgs} af“sL lyP / /fHo;Qfsf] :j?k d"ntM lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqfTds lyof] . To;}n] n]lggn] l;w} ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] s'/f gu/]/ klxn] k'“hLjfbL hgjfbL qmflGt k"/f ug]{ / To;kl5 ;dfhjfbdf ;ª\qmd0f ug]{ qmflGtsf b'O{ r/0fsf] l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . oxf“;Dd ls cS6f]j/ qmflGtsf] rf}yf] jflif{sf]T;jsf] pknIodf af]Ng] qmddf ;d]t 8]9–cSsnL sDo'lg:6x?k|lt Joª\Uo s:b} pxf“n] eGg'ePsf] lyof]– æ==== …c9fO{Ú dfS;{jfbsf gfosx? a'h'{jf–hgjfbL / ;j{xf/f–;dfhjfbL qmflGtaLrsf] of] ;DaGwnfO{ a'em\g c;dy{ lyP . klxnf]n] bf];|f]df ljsf; u5{ . bf];|f]n] cl3 a9\g] qmddf klxnf]sf ;d:ofx?nfO{ xn u5{ . bf];|f]n] klxnf]sf sfo{x?nfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f u5{ .Æ xfd|f] g]kfnsf] jt{dfg cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs l:ylt / lg/ª\sz /fhtGqfTds /fHo;Qfsf] kl/j]zdf xfdLn] klg klxn] a'h'{jf hgjfbL qmflGt k"/f u/]/ kl5 qmdzM ;dfhjfbdf ?kfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cem} To;dfly b]zdf olta]nf /fhfjfbL, ;+;bjfbL / qmflGtsf/L hgjfbL u/L tLgy/L /fhg}lts zlQmx?aLr lqsf]0ffTds zlQm;ª\3if{ rln/x]sf] a]nf k'“hLjfbL hgjfbL qmflGt klg ljleGg pkr/0fdf ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ ;DefjgfnfO{ klg k"/} gsfg{ ;lsGg . s]xL dlxgf klxn] k'/fgf] ;Qf;“usf] jftf{sf] qmddf xfd|f] kf6L{n] k|:t't u/]sf] Go"gtd\ cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] k|:tfj To;}sf] cleJolQm lyof] / To;nfO{ xfdLn] k|r08kysf] Pp6f yk ljz]iftfsf] ?kdf klg a'em\g'kb{5 .

n]lgg / cS6f]j/ qmflGtaf6 cfhsf o'usf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] l;Sg'kg]{ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f qmflGtsf/L åGåjfbsf] k|of]u jf /0fgLlts b[9tf / sfo{gLlts nrstfsf] k|Zg xf] . bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«osf lbUuh g]tfx?nfO{ k5f/]/ t'ngfTds ?kn] lk5l8Psf] ?;df n]lggn] qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ ;Sg'sf] ;DejtM ;jf{lws pNn]Vo kIf pxf“sf] 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf / cfjZostfcg';f/ hlt;'s} bfof“–jfof“ jf cl3kl5 ug{ ;Sg] lxDdt / ;fx; xf] . cfkm\gf] b]z k|yd ljZjo'4df km“;]sf] a]nf zf;s ju{lj?4 u[xo'4 rsf{pg] k|Zgb]lv lnP/ hd{g ;fd|fHojfbL 8f“sfx?;“u tTsfn em's]/ a|]:t–lntf]e:s ;Demf}tf ug]{ ljifodf xf];\ jf o'4af6 Wj:t b]zsf] cfly{s k'glg{df{0f ug{ /fHo–k'“hLjfbL 9f“rfsf] …gof“ cfly{s gLltÚ -…g]kÚ jf NEP)_ nfu" ug]{ s'/fdf xf];\ n]lgg / jf]N;]lesx?sf] l;4fGtdf b[9tf / Jojxf/df nrstf k|bz{g ug{;Sg] cb\e"t Ifdtf cleJoQm x'G5 . To;}n] n]lggn] jf/Daf/ hf]8 lbP/ eGg] ug'{x'GYof], …dfS;{jfbsf] u'bL s'/f] eg]sf] 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f xf]Ú, cyjf …dfS;{jfbdf lg0ff{os s'/f] qmflGtsf/L åGåjfb xf]Ú . cWoIf s= k|r08sf] g]t[Tjdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] cf7 jif{sf] 5f]6f] cjlwdf g]kfnL ;dfhdf olt dxfg\ / o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{gsf] ;"qkft ug{ ;Sg' xfd|f] kf6L{ / g]t[Tjn] ToxL qmflGtsf/L åGåjfbsf] k|of]usf] If]qdf xfl;n u/]sf] ljlzi7tfs} kl/0ffd xf] . g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljlzi7 ljrf/>[ª\vnf k|r08kysf] ljsf;sf] Pp6f d'Vo cfwf/ klg oxL xf] .

To; cy{df PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] gof“ ;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtn] gof“ n]lgg / jf]N;]les kf6L{sf] vf]hL ul//x]sf] s'/fdf s'g} zª\sf /xGg . cWoIf s= k|r08sf] g]t[Tjdf xfd|f] kf6L{n] To; lbzfdf ljgd| k|of; ul//x]sf] / clxn];Dd pT;fxa4{s ;kmntf xfl;n ul//x]sf] ljifodf xfdLn] uj{ ug}{kb{5 . k/Gt', qmflGtsf/Lx?df bDe xf]Og, cu|hx? / Oltxf;af6 l;Sg] ljgd|tf x'g}k5{ . To;sf] ;fy} n]lggn] eGg'eP em}+ qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ;kgf b]Vg l;Sg}k5{ . cS6f]/ qmflGt lbj;sf] pknIodf ;'? x'g nfu]sf] /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] Pkm=Pd= k|;f/0fn] ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L of]4fx? / hg;d'bfodf oxL qmflGtsf/L cfzfjflbtfsf] lg/Gt/ ;~rf/ ul//xf];\ . c:t' .

gf]e]Da/ &, @))#

d'Vok[i7 .. d'Vo;dfrf/ .. cGo ;drf/ .. ;DkfbsLo .. cGtjf{tf{ .. ljrf/hut\ .. n]vx? .. sljtfuLt .. kf7s–k|ltlqmof .. a]nfavtsf s'/f .. zxLb ufyf .. k'/fgf c+sx? .. ;Dks{ M janadesh@hotmail.com